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Immigration Trends in Minnesota
Barbara J. RonningenState Demographic Center
July 21, 2003
Who Immigrates?Young people - most immigrants are young working-age adults
About half are female and half maleAbout 30% of immigrants return home EXCEPT for refugees
Refugees must prove that their lives are in danger in their homeland
In 2002, 63% of immigrants came to join family (family preference)
In 2002, 16% of immigrants came to work (employment preference)
In 2002, 12% of immigrants came as refugees
Immigration to U.S. Reflects Law Changes
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20020
500
1000
1500
2000
Tho
usan
ds
Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service
IRCA passed in 1986
Total immigrants - 1,064,318 Up to 1,000 1,000 to 10,000 10,000 to 20,000 20,000 to 50,000 50,000 to 70,290 206,426 - Mexico
Immigration to the U.S.2001
Source: INS
Total immigrants - 1,064,318 Up to 1,000 1,000 to 10,000 10,000 to 20,000 20,000 to 50,000 50,000 to 70,290 206,426 - Mexico
Immigration to the U.S.2001
Source: INS
Total immigrants - 1,064,318 Up to 1,000 1,000 to 10,000 10,000 to 20,000 20,000 to 50,000 50,000 to 70,290 206,426 - Mexico
Immigration to the U.S.2001
Source: INS
Total immigrants - 1,063,732 1 to 1,858 2,109 to 6,461 7,574 to 14,898 16,181 to 71,105 219,380 to 219,380
Immigration to the United States2002
Source: Immigration Statistics, DHS
40% of Immigrants Come from North America* 25% from Mexico U.S. 1820 through 2000
Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service*North America includes Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean nations and Central America.
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2001
-200
2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Mill
ions
AfricaSouth America
North America Asia Europe
We're Number 1!Largest population of Somali immigrants
Highest proportion of refugees
Second highest population of Hmong
Highest number coming for the winter
Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service
Recent Immigration Trends in Minnesota Reflect Refugee Numbers
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 20024
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Tho
usan
ds
Total immigrants - 13,522 Up to 25 25 to 100 100 to 200 200 to 474 637 to 795 Range 6
Immigration to Minnesota2002
Source: Immigration Statistics, DHS
Minnesota's Share of U.S. Immigration is Small But Proportion of Refugees is Higher
0.9%
0.7%
0.5%0.4% 0.4%
0.7%0.8% 0.9%
1.1%1.0% 1.0% 1.1%
0.9%1.0% 1.1%
1.3%
2.8%
2.0%
2.7% 2.7%
2.2%2.0%
2.1%
2.5%
3.2%
2.9%2.9%
3.2%
2.0%
2.2%
2.4%
1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 20010.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
Refugees
All Immigrants
Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service
Politics Likely Cause of Change in Origin of Orphans
Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service
TotalEurope
AsiaNo. America
So. AmericaAfrica
0
5
10
15
20
25
Th
ou
san
ds 1994
199820002002
Pop. loss and Minority loss
Pop. loss and Minority gain
Minority gain less than 100% of pop. gain
Minority gain more than 100% of pop. gain
Minority Population Growth Accounts for 56.7% of Minnesota Population Growth in 90s
Source: U.S. Census
Minnesota 11.8%
1.2% to 4.0% 4.0% to 8.0% 8.0% to 11.8% 11.8% to 37.3%
Minority Population in 2000Source: U.S. Census
Minnesota = 260,454 29 to 100
100 to 1,000
1,000 to 10,000
10,000 to 20,000
20,000 to 110,487
Foreign Born Residents2000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Minnesota in 2000 Census Is a Patchwork Quilt of Ethnicities
AFRICAN LATINO
Ethiopian 5,413 Cuban 2,527
Liberian 3,148 Guatemalan 1,684
Nigerian 3,073 Mexican 95,613
Somali 11,164 Puerto Rican 6,616
Salvadoran 2,005
ASIAN
Arab 13,923 EUROPEAN
Afghan 467 Serbian 4,296
Asian Indian 19,963 Bosnian 2,193
Cambodian 6,533
Chinese 18,622
Filipino 9,696
Hmong 45,443
Korean 15,255
Laotian 11,516
Vietnamese 20,570
Asians Most Numerous of Foreign-Born Minnesotans
Source: 2000 Census Europe16.8%
Asia40.4%
Africa13.2%
Oceania0.5%
Latin America24.0%
North America5.1%
Total: 260,454
African Immigrants Grew Most Rapidly in 1990s
Source: U.S. Census
24.8%
110.2%
620.7%
92.6%
577.2%
27.7%
EuropeAsia
AfricaOceania
Latin AmericaNorth America
But Immigrants from Asia and Latin American Added the Most People
Source: U.S. Census
8,664
55,121
29,686
661
53,319
2,877
EuropeAsia
AfricaOceania
Latin AmericaNorth America
Europe Asia Latin America North America
Predominant Origin of Foreign Born Residents2000
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Minnesota = 5.5%
.8% to 1.0% 1.0% to 5.5% 5.5% to 10.9% Missing
Percent of Employed Persons That Were Foreign Born1999
Source: U.S. Census
Births to Mothers Born Outside U.S. Continue to Increase
Source: MN Department of Health14.9%
1.6%
3.8%
1.5%
10.0%
2.0% 1.9%
0.4%
5.8%
1.8%
0.3% 0.0%
All non-U.S. Laos Mexico Somalia0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
% o
f All
Birt
hs
19901995
1997 1999 2001
Minnesota = 13.7% 1% to 0%
0% to 2%
2% to 10%
10% to 20%
20% to 29%
More Babies Born to Foreign-Born Mothers2000
Source: MN Department of Health
Minority Student Numbers Increase
1991-92 to 2001-02
13,055
11,458
7,118
4,398
Kindergarten 12th Grade
1991-1992 2002-2003
Non-English Speakers Triple in 8 YearsSource: DCFL
21,27725,312
36,595
41,193
45,83250,078
54,673
63,455
69,61873,620
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 20030
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Thousa
nds
800
810
820
830
840
850
860
Thousa
nds
Minnesota total = 73,620 0 to 0 1 to 183 205 to 980 999 to 4,466 22,241 to 24,415
Students Who Do Not Speak English at Home2002-2003 School Year
Source: MN Department of Education
Minnesota total = 73,620 0 to 0 1 to 183 205 to 980 999 to 4,466 22,241 to 24,415
Students Who Do Not Speak English at Home2002-2003 School Year
Source: MN Department of Education
Minnesota total = 73,620 0 to 0 1 to 183 205 to 980 999 to 4,466 22,241 to 24,415
Students Who Do Not Speak English at Home2002-2003 School Year
Source: MN Department of EducationIllegal Immigrant Numbers Small in Minnesota
In 2002, 1,590 apprehensions in the St. Paul district - Minnesota, South Dakota and North Dakota.46% of those arrested in 1990 had committed a crime (other than working in the U.S. without appropriate papers). In 2001, the rate was almost 90% . INS estimates about 7 million illegal immigrants resident in the U.S. in 2000, with about 32% in California. For Minnesota, Immigration Statistics estimated 60,000 illegal immigrants.69% of illegal immigrants in U.S. are from Mexico.33% of illegal immigrants are undocumented "overstays."
Illegal Immigrant Arrests Focus on Criminal Involvement
187
599
1,4331,324
405
1,230
1,628
1,8812,032
1,712
1,4731,590
1990 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20020
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Total Arests Criminally Involved
Source: Immigration and Naturalization Service
Most INS Arrests are Mexican NationalsSt. Paul District - 2001
Mexico - 1,105Guatemala - 39El Salvador - 39Ecuador - 28Honduras - 28Somalia - 14Nigeria - 10Canada - 9Liberia - 9
Fewer Immigrants in the Future?
YES - Post-September 11
YES -Minnesota less "welcoming"
YES - Recession and fewer jobs
NO - Current immigrants can now bring family members
What Data is Available?INS Statistical Yearbook
MN Dept. of Health Refugee Data
MN Dept. of Health Birth Certificates
MN DCFL Language Spoken at Home Data
MN DCFL Ethnicity and Race Data
US Census Data on Race, Ethnicity, Ancestry, Foreign Born and Language
For More Data on ImmigrationWilder Foundation report on immigration:http://www.wilder.org/research/reports.html?summary=89
Immigration and Naturalization Service:http://www.ins.usdoj.gov/graphics/aboutins/statistics/index.htm
State Demographic Centerhttp://www.mnplan.state.mn.us/demography/
H.A.C.E.R. (University of Minnesota)http://www.hacer-mn.org/
Chicano Latino Affairs Council (C.L.A.C.) http://www.clac.state.mn.us/chicanos.htm
http://www.mnplan.state.mn.us/demography/Census2000.html
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