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Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health & Disease

Sixth Edition

Chapter 14

Manipulation of the Immune Response

Copyright © 2005 by Garland Science Publishing

Charles A. Janeway, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, Mark Shlomchik

The structure of the anti-inflammatory corticosteroid drug prednisone

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Mechanism of steroid action

Anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroid therapy

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Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus inhibit T-cell activation by interfering withthe serine/threonine-specific phosphatase calcineurin

Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus inhibit T-cell activation by interfering withthe serine/threonine-specific phosphatase calcineurin

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Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus inhibit lymphocyte and some granulocyte responses

Anti-inflammatory effects of anti-TNF-α therapy in rheumatoid arthritis

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Figure 14-8Natalizumab

Natalizumab, a therapeutic anti-alpha4 integrin mAbfor the treatment of MS and IBD

Figure 14-8 part 1 of 2Natalizumab, an therepeutic anti-alpha4 integrin mAb

for the treatment of MS and IBD

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Figure 14-8 part 2 of 2

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Tumor rejection antigens are specific to individual tumors

Figure 14-10 part 1 of 2

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Figure 14-10 part 2 of 2

Proteins selectively expressed in human tumors are candidatetumor rejection antigens

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Tumor rejection antigens may arise by point mutations in self proteins,which occur during the process of oncogenesis

Tumor rejection antigens are peptides of cell proteins presented byself MHC class I molecules

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Tumors can escape immune surveillance in a variety of ways

Loss of MHC class I expression in a prostatic carcinoma

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Tumors that lose expression of all MHC class I molecules as a mechanismof escape from immune surveillance are more susceptible to NK cell killing

Monoclonal antibodies that recognize tumor-specific antigens might be usedin a variety of ways to help eliminate tumors

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Examples of tumor antigens that have been targeted by monoclonalantibodies in therapeutic trials

Transfection of tumors with the gene for B7 or for GM-CSF enhancestumor immunogenicity

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Transfection of tumors with the gene for B7 or for GM-CSF enhancestumor immunogenicity

Recommended childhood vaccination schedules (in red) in the United States

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Diseases for which effective vaccines are still needed

There are several criteria for an effective vaccine

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Viruses are traditionally attenuated by selecting for growth in nonhuman cells

Attenuation can be achieved more rapidly and reliably with recombinantCNA techniques