31
Impact of the CTM on the daily work of the trademark profession by Dominique Kaesmacher Chief IP Attorney Round Table ECTA - BOIP - OHIM The Hague, April 14, 2008
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Impact
of
the C
TM
on t
he d
aily w
ork
of
the
tradem
ark
pro
fessio
nby
Dom
iniq
ue K
aesm
acher
Chie
f IP
Att
orn
ey
Round T
able
EC
TA
-BO
IP -
OH
IMT
he H
ague,
Apri
l 1
4,
20
08
«If
yo
ucan
't c
on
vin
ce
them
, co
nfu
se t
hem
»
Tru
man
AG
EN
DA
1.
1.
SO
ME
ST
AT
IST
ICS
S
OM
E S
TA
TIS
TIC
S
2.
WO
RK
IN
PR
OG
RE
SS
3.
SP
EC
IFIC
CO
NC
ER
N :
CT
M v
ers
us B
NL
p
rov
isio
ns
& p
rac
tic
es
4.
CO
NC
LU
SIO
N
Be
ne
lux T
rad
em
ark
A
pp
lica
tio
ns
•A
pplic
ation C
TM
(B
elg
ian a
pplic
ants
)
•A
PP
LIC
AT
ION
BN
L (
Belg
ian a
pplic
ants
)
•A
pp
licA
an
tal
de
po
ts n
aa
rla
nd
va
n h
erk
om
st
•1
40
96
•1
54
10
15
57
2 1
54
6
•1
72
87
•1
92
22
•1
56
45
15
48
4
•1
62
96
•1
55
88
•2
03
85
•1
82
59
•4
18
8
•4
64
5 4
61
0
•5
07
8 5
17
8
•5
95
6
•5
03
7 5
00
8 4
94
5 4
76
8
•5
70
7
•5
16
8
•3
43
38
2 3
14
39
7 3
88
58
7 5
33
40
6 4
49
45
2 5
26
57
8
•6
37
2
•4
09
7
•3
52
2
•3
09
1 3
08
6 2
87
2
•2
20
9
•1
94
1
•1
63
4 1
79
0
•4
02
7
•3
16
4
•0
•5
00
0
•1
00
00
•1
50
00
•2
00
00
•2
50
00
•1
99
5 1
99
6 1
99
7 1
99
8 1
99
9 2
00
0 2
00
1 2
00
2 2
00
3 2
00
4 2
00
5 2
00
6
•N
L
•B
E
•L
UX
•o
ve
rig
•a
tio
nC
TM
(g
lob
al)
•A
PP
LIC
AT
ION
BN
L (
glo
ba
l)
Co
mm
un
ity T
rad
em
ark
A
pp
lica
tio
ns
CT
M a
pp
lic
ati
on
s
43
15
4
27
28
8
31
63
5
41
30
4
57
38
7
48
91
3
45
23
8
57
71
05
89
94
64
81
3
77
49
2
88
25
0
0
10
00
0
20
00
0
30
00
0
40
00
0
50
00
0
60
00
0
70
00
0
80
00
0
90
00
0
10
00
00
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
CT
M a
pp
lic
ati
on
s f
ile
d b
y B
elg
ian
ap
plic
an
ts
64
9
40
1
54
5
58
1
77
8
69
0
60
4
94
9
86
68
55
26
4
0
20
0
40
0
60
0
80
0
10
00
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Co
mm
en
ts (
1)
CT
M a
pp
lic
ati
on
s
•G
lob
al in
cre
ase
•A
lso
by B
elg
ian
ap
plic
an
ts
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Co
mm
en
ts (
2)
BT
M a
pp
lic
ati
on
s
•G
lob
al in
cre
ase
, d
esp
ite
:
–1996 : Intr
oduction o
f C
TM
s
–1996 : R
efu
sals
on a
bsolu
te g
rounds b
y B
OIP
–2
00
1-2
00
3:
Eco
no
mic
re
ce
ss
–2004-2
006:
Intr
oduction o
f oppositio
n p
rocedure
–2004 : C
TM
part
of th
e M
adrid S
yste
m (
Pro
tocol)
•D
ecre
ase
of B
TM
ap
plic
atio
ns in
th
e n
am
e
of
fore
ign
ap
plic
an
ts
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Co
mm
en
ts (
3)
Po
ssib
le r
easo
ns o
f B
TM
ap
plicati
on
s
inc
rea
se:
•G
en
era
l in
cre
ase
of
TM
ap
plic
atio
ns
wo
rld
wid
e
•U
ncert
ain
ties a
bout
CT
M e
ffic
iency
(regis
tration &
enfo
rcem
ent)
•B
TM
= e
xcelle
nt
basis
of
inte
rnational
regis
trations (
Madrid S
yste
m : P
roto
col (2
001)
& A
gre
em
ent
(1892 1
893 1
924)
& a
ccele
rate
d
regis
tration (
2004))
•2005: S
unrise E
U. dom
ain
nam
es
•B
en
elu
x r
eg
iste
r m
ain
ly f
or
loca
l a
pp
lica
nts
!M
ore
work
for
Benelu
x T
M A
ttorn
eys
AG
EN
DA
1.
SO
ME
ST
AT
IST
ICS
2.
WO
RK
IN
PR
OG
RE
SS
3.
SP
EC
IFIC
CO
NC
ER
N :
CT
M v
ers
us B
NL
pro
vis
ion
s &
pra
cti
ces
4.
CO
NC
LU
SIO
N
Ma
jor
Da
tes
EU
Dir
ecti
ve
on
harm
oniz
ati
on
(Dec 1
98
8)
2004
1988
1992 1993
1996
Incorp
ora
tion
of
EU
Dir
ecti
ve in
Nati
onal Law
s
EU
Regula
tion
on C
TM
(Dec 1
99
3)
•C
TM
: E
ntr
y into
forc
e o
f EU
regula
tion
>>
CTM
applicati
ons
•BN
L : P
ow
er
of
refu
sal of
BO
IP f
or
absolu
te g
rounds
•C
TM
: P
art
of
Madri
d s
yste
m
(Pro
tocol)
•BN
L :
Opposit
ion p
rocedure
TM
Att
orn
ey J
ob
(till
19
95
)
Applicati
on
TM
R
egis
trati
on
Pro
cedure
TM
Att
orn
ey S
erv
ices
Refe
rences
Regis
trati
on
1.
Choic
e o
f T
M-
availabilit
y s
earc
h-
advic
e o
n d
isti
ncti
veness
2.
Choic
e o
f “P
rote
cti
on r
oute
s”
-if
B :
BT
M-
if E
U o
r IN
T :
BN
L +
IN
T+
nati
onal applicati
ons
3.
Managem
ent
-re
new
al
-license
-tr
ansfe
r, e
tc.
•Benelu
x &
Inte
rnati
onal
Regis
trie
s
•Benelu
x U
nif
orm
T
radem
ark
Law
•C
ase law
of
BE,
NL &
Lux
Court
s
•In
terp
reta
tion d
ecis
ions
of
Benelu
x C
ourt
of
justi
ce
TM
Att
orn
ey J
ob
(as o
f 1996)
Applicati
on
TM
Regis
trati
on
Pro
cedure
TM
Att
orn
ey S
erv
ices
Refe
ren
ces
•C
hoic
e o
f T
M-
availabilit
y s
earc
h-
adv.
dis
tincti
veness
•C
hoic
e o
f “P
rote
cti
on
route
s”
-if
B :
BT
M
-if
EU
: B
TM
+ IN
Tor
CT
M,
or
nati
onal
-if
IN
T :
BT
M +
IN
Tor
CTM
+ IN
Tor
nati
onal
•Refu
sal
arg
um
ents
/ a
ppeal (if
CTM
)
•O
pposit
ion
arg
um
ents
/ n
egoti
at.
/
appeal (if
CT
M)
•M
anagem
ent
renew
al, lic
ense,
etc
.
Refu
sal
Opposit
ion
Regis
trati
on
•Benelu
x &
CTM
&In
tern
. &
Nati
onal
Regis
trie
s
•Pra
cti
ces o
f BO
IP
& O
HIM
•Benelu
x C
onv.
on IP
•C
TM
Regula
tion
•EU
Dir
ecti
ve
•C
ase law
of
BE,
NL &
Lux
Court
s
•D
ecis
ions
of
Benelu
x C
ourt
of
Justi
ce,
CFI &
EC
J
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Co
nclu
sio
n
Modif
icati
on o
f th
e c
onte
nt
of
the w
ork
:
•A
dvic
e o
n a
vailabilit
y a
nd d
isti
ncti
veness
•Str
ate
gic
advic
e o
n t
he b
est
«pro
tecti
on
route
»•A
rgum
enta
tion +
negoti
ati
on (
if r
efu
sal or
opposit
ion)
•M
onit
ori
ng o
f EU
& B
NL c
ase law
and
pra
cti
ce
•Languages !
!M
ore
vari
ety
and
more
com
ple
xit
y
AG
EN
DA
AG
EN
DA
1.
1.
SO
ME
ST
AT
IST
ICS
SO
ME
ST
AT
IST
ICS
2.
2.
WO
RK
IN
PR
OG
RE
SS
WO
RK
IN
PR
OG
RE
SS
3.
3.
SP
EC
IFIC
CO
NC
ER
N :
CT
M v
ers
us B
NL
S
PE
CIF
IC C
ON
CE
RN
: C
TM
vers
us B
NL
p
rov
isio
ns
& p
rac
tic
es
pro
vis
ion
s &
pra
cti
ce
s
4.
4.
CO
NC
LU
SIO
NC
ON
CL
US
ION
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Ava
ilab
ility
se
arc
h
Availab
ilit
y s
earc
h f
or
CT
M:
•V
ery
difficu
lt b
eca
use
of:
–num
ber
of
hits in v
ast
terr
itory
–com
parison o
f sig
ns in f
ore
ign languages (
e.g
.
Gre
ek o
r C
zech)
–oth
er
dis
tinctive s
igns a
s o
bsta
cle
s u
nder
na
tio
na
l la
w
•V
ery
exp
en
siv
e
•N
ot
exh
au
stive
!S
imila
rity
searc
h in B
enelu
x m
ay s
erv
e a
s a
first
ind
ica
tor
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Fili
ng
s
Ab
so
lute
gro
un
ds
fo
r re
fus
al
e.g
.: –S
TE
EL
GU
AR
D in
cla
ss 0
2
–G
LO
BA
L F
INA
NC
IAL
IN
TE
LL
IGE
NC
E in
cla
sses 1
6, 35, (3
6),
42
–F
itL
ine
in c
lasse
s 2
9,
32
•H
arm
on
isatio
n d
e iure
but not
de facto
•In
genera
l, B
OIP
is m
ore
severe
than O
HIM
•E
ach t
radem
ark
must
be e
xam
ined o
n its
“ow
n
me
rits
”
!Im
port
ance o
f advic
e a
nd im
pact on tra
dem
ark
p
rofe
ssio
n
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Op
po
sitio
ns (
1)
Fo
rum
wh
ere
to
in
vo
ke “
rela
tive
gro
un
ds
fo
r re
fus
al”
•Id
entical T
M f
or
identical g/s
: O
HIM
/ B
OIP
•Id
en
tica
l o
r sim
ilar
(we
ll kn
ow
n)
TM
fo
r id
en
tica
l or
sim
ilar
g/s
and lik
elih
ood o
f confu
sio
n: O
HIM
/
BO
IP
•Id
entical or
sim
ilar
TM
for
identical, s
imila
r or
dis
sim
ilar
g/s
and u
nfa
ir a
dvanta
ge o
f or
detr
iment to
TM
reputa
tion: O
HIM
(B
TM
=>
C
ou
rt)
•O
ther
dis
tinctive s
igns: O
HIM
(B
TM
=>
Court
)
•A
pp
lica
tio
ns f
iled
by a
gents
: O
HIM
(B
TM
=>
C
ou
rt)
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Op
po
sitio
ns (
2)
!N
o h
arm
on
isa
tio
n a
s t
o f
oru
m
!L
ess a
va
ilab
le g
rou
nd
s o
f
op
po
sitio
n b
efo
re B
OIP
th
an
be
fore
OH
IM
!Im
pa
ct
on
tra
de
ma
rk p
rofe
ssio
n
an
d c
om
pe
ten
ce
to
act
(att
orn
ey
/ b
arr
iste
r)
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Op
po
sitio
ns (
3)
De
fen
se
in
op
po
sit
ion
: o
bli
ga
tio
n
of
us
e
•O
ppositio
n a
gain
st B
TM
on the b
asis
of a
CT
M s
ub
ject to
co
mp
uls
ory
use
•U
nd
er
Be
ne
lux T
rad
em
ark
la
w,
the
CT
M
mu
st
be
no
rma
lly u
se
d in
Be
ne
lux
terr
ito
ry
•C
on
tra
ry to
CT
M la
w, w
he
re u
se
in
on
e
or
mo
re m
em
be
r sta
tes (
no
t n
ece
ssa
rily
Be
ne
lux te
rrito
ry)
ca
n b
e s
uff
icie
nt
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Op
po
sitio
ns (
4)
Taxes a
nd
ap
po
rtio
nm
en
t o
f c
os
ts
•B
asic
oppositio
n tax:
–B
OIP
: 1.0
00€
–O
HIM
: 350€
•T
ax p
er
additio
nal tr
adem
ark
above t
he t
hird:
–B
OIP
: 100€
–O
HIM
: 0€
•C
osts
to b
e p
aid
by losin
g p
art
y t
o w
innin
g p
art
y:
–B
OIP
: 1.0
00€
–O
HIM
: 300€ (
sta
ndard
repre
senta
tion fees)(
+
travel and s
ubsis
tence e
xpenses,
if a
ny)
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Op
po
sitio
ns (
5)
!If
op
po
ne
nt
loo
se
s t
he
op
po
sitio
n (
in
its e
ntire
ty),
he
mu
st
pa
y
–M
inim
um
2.0
00
€ (
BO
IP)
–6
50
€ (
OH
IM)
!A
s o
pp
on
en
t, it
is m
uch
mo
re
exp
en
siv
e t
o lo
ose
BN
L o
pp
ositio
n
tha
n C
TM
op
po
sitio
n
!In
tere
st
of
limitin
g t
he
Be
ne
lux
op
po
sitio
n (
rig
hts
in
vo
ke
d /
go
od
s
an
d s
erv
ice
s)
to issu
es w
hic
h o
ne
is
ce
rta
in t
o w
in
!Im
po
rta
nce
of a
dvic
e
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Ca
nce
llatio
ns
“A
bso
lute
/rela
tive g
rou
nd
s
for
can
cellati
on
”•
Sa
me
gro
un
ds
•D
iffe
ren
t fo
rum
(g
en
era
lly O
HIM
bu
t
never
BO
IP)
!N
o h
arm
on
isa
tio
n a
s to
fo
rum
!Im
pa
ct o
n tra
de
ma
rk p
rofe
ssio
n a
nd
com
pete
nce to a
ct (a
ttorn
ey / b
arr
iste
r)
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Re
pre
se
nta
tio
nR
eg
iste
r o
f tr
ad
em
ark
re
pre
se
nta
tiv
es
•R
egis
ter
with O
HIM
•N
o r
egis
ter
with B
OIP
/ (
recent)
regis
ter
with
BM
M
•D
iffe
ren
t co
nd
itio
ns o
f in
scrip
tio
n
!R
eco
gn
ise
d E
uro
pe
an
tra
de
ma
rk
att
orn
ey is n
ot n
ece
ssa
rily
a
“re
co
gn
ise
d”
Be
ne
lux t
rad
em
ark
attorn
ey (
BM
M)
!C
on
fusio
n / Im
pa
ct o
n tra
de
ma
rk
pro
fessio
n
AG
EN
DA
AG
EN
DA
1.
1.
SO
ME
ST
AT
IST
ICS
SO
ME
ST
AT
IST
ICS
2.
2.
WO
RK
IN
PR
OG
RE
SS
WO
RK
IN
PR
OG
RE
SS
3.
3.
SP
EC
IFIC
CO
NC
ER
N :
CT
M v
ers
us B
NL
S
PE
CIF
IC C
ON
CE
RN
: C
TM
vers
us B
NL
p
rov
isio
ns
& p
rac
tic
es
pro
vis
ion
s &
pra
cti
ce
s
4.
4.
CO
NC
LU
SIO
NC
ON
CL
US
ION
1.
So
me
Sta
tis
tic
s
2.
Mo
dif
icati
on
o
fth
eT
yp
es
of
Wo
rk
3.
Sp
ecif
icC
on
ce
rns
4.
Co
nclu
sio
n
Co
nclu
sio
n
We o
bserv
e:
-In
cre
ase o
f th
e w
ork
load
-M
ore
vari
ety
-In
cre
ase o
f th
e c
om
ple
xit
y
Futu
re?
Let’
s s
ee t
he im
pact
of
the a
bolishm
ent
of
the s
afe
guard
cla
use
(art
icle
9 s
exie
s(1
) M
adri
d P
roto
col): an
applicati
on w
ill suff
ice a
s b
asis
of
inte
rnati
onal
regis
trati
on =
> n
o f
urt
her
need f
or
(accele
rate
d)
regis
trati
on
An
y q
ue
stio
ns ?
TH
AN
K Y
OU
FO
R Y
OU
R A
TT
EN
TIO
N !
TE
L. : 32 2
652 1
6 0
0
FA
X : 3
2 2
652 1
9 0
0
ww
w.k
irkp
atr
ick.e
u
Avenue W
olf
ers
32
13
10
La H
ulp
e(B
russels
)Belg
ium
Tw
in S
quare
sC
ullig
anla
an
1B
1831 D
iegem
(Bru
ssels
)Belg
ium
