Imperialism and America
Section 18-1pp. 548-551
Preview Questions What were the major factors that contributed to
the growth of American imperialism?
How did the United States acquire Alaska and Hawaii?
American Expansionism
Imperialism: Policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
Why Imperialism? Desire for military strength Thirst for new markets Cultural superiority
American Expansionism
Military Strength Establish a global military presence Alfred T. Mahan: Urged creation of modern navy
American Expansionism
New Markets Industrialization created need for new markets
and raw materials
Cultural Superiority Social Darwinism Racial Superiority Duty to spread Christianity
US Acquires Alaska “Seward’s Folly”
Bought Alaska for $7.2m from Russia in 1867
US Takes Hawaii Annexation
US businesses want annexation to avoid sugar tariffs
Businessmen overthrow Hawaiian Queen Sanford Dole heads temporary gov’t Republic of Hawaii annexed in 1898
The Spanish-American WarSection 18-2pp. 552-557
Preview Questions How did Americans feel about the Cuban revolt
against Spain?
What events escalated the conflict between the US and Spain?
What were the consequences of the war for Spain and the US?
Cubans Rebel Against Spain
Americans invest heavily in Cuban sugarcane
Cuban War for Independence Led by Jose Marti US sugar mills attacked to provoke involvement American opinion split
War Fever Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba
Sent 300,000 Cubans to concentration camps
Headline Wars Yellow Journalism: Reporting that exaggerates
news to make it exciting Deepens American sympathy for the war cause
War Fever DeLome Letter
McKinley tries diplomacy to avoid war
Letter from Spanish diplomat insults McKinley
Americans outraged
War Fever•U.S.S. Maine Explodes•Cause unknown, newspapers blame Spain •Americans call for war
War Erupts War in Philippines
George Dewey led U.S. attack on Spanish fleet at Manila
Filipinos support Dewey in hopes of independence
Spanish troops surrender in August 1898
War in the Caribbean U.S. navy blockaded Cuba U.S. relied heavily on ill-equipped volunteer
soldiers
War Erupts•Rough Riders
•Volunteer regiment led by T. Roosevelt •Clear path for victory at San Juan Hill •US Navy destroyed Spanish fleet•US invaded Puerto Rico July 25, 1898
War Erupts Treaty of Paris
Granted Cuba independence Puerto Rico and Guam given to U.S. U.S. paid Spain $20m for Philippines
War Erupts Debate Over the Treaty
Controversy over U.S. right to annex Philippines “Christianize” Filipinos? Violated Declaration of Independence?
U.S. approved annexation in 1899
Acquiring New LandsSection 18-3pp. 558-564
Post-War Events US took control of Puerto Rico in 1898
Foraker Act: Ended military rule, set up civil government
US occupied Cuba after war Platt Amendment:
Limited Cuba’s rights in dealing with other nations Gave U.S. right to intervene
Post-War Events Philippines
Emilio Aguinaldo leads protest against US
Rebellion 1899-1902 that led to self-rule
Foreign Influence in China
Open Door Policy Calls for China’s ports to remain open and
independent No nation gets special privileges
Boxer Rebellion Rebellion against Western presence in China Troops sent to supress rebellion
Impact of Imperialism McKinley’s election in 1900 showed US
supported imperialism
Anti-Imperialist League Cleveland, Carnegie, Twain, and Addams Wrong for U.S. to rule others without consent
America as a World PowerSection 18-4pp. 565-571
Preview Questions How did Theodore Roosevelt exercise American
power?
Why did President Wilson send troops into Mexico?
TR and the World TR negotiated
Treaty of Portsmouth Ended Russo-
Japanese War TR won Nobel Peace
Prize US prestige
increased
TR and the World U.S. sent warships to secure Panama’s
independence U.S. gained rights to build canal Damaged relationship with Latin America
Panama Canal is completed in 1914 Decreased travel time between Atlantic and
Pacific U.S. increased power and prestige
TR and the World Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine
Said U.S. would be willing to use military power to protect its economic interests in Latin America
Leads to “Dollar Diplomacy” U.S. will use military force to guarantee loans
made to foreign nations Leads to U.S. military intervention in Nicaragua
Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Wilson refused to recognize any oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile government
Conflict with Mexico Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta’s government Uses minor incident to occupy Veracruz Recognized Carranza government
Wilson’s Missionary Diplomacy
Rebellion in Mexico Pancho Villa
Wanted war between Carranza and US
Killed 16 Americans in raid
U.S. General Pershing invaded Mexico and crushed Villa’s forces in 1916