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Imperialism and Colonialism
The Children of Nationalism
European Nationalism 1800-1914Nationalism- policy of unifying a group of people on the basis of common land and common language
Imperialism- policy of taking other countries (equal countries and underdeveloped countries)
Colonialism- policy of using countries which are taken (mostly underdeveloped countries)
Imperialism needed Nationalism
Imperialistic nations needed justification and motivation to attack and conquer other countries.
Strong charismatic leaders
Belief in national, cultural, and ethnic superiority
Competition for territory and natural resources
Competition for control of trade routes
Major Motives for Imperial-Colonial Activities
Economic Interests Political and Military Humanitarian and
Religious Applying Social
Darwinism
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Europe
Prussians
Prussians
Prussians
Austria and Hungary
-weaken the Austrian Empire
-annex parts of Denmark and take over smaller German States
-establish the German Empire
-form an uneasy alliance
The Ottoman Empire and the Balkans
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was
declining. It had weak control over its
large territories. Local government officials
took control over their regions
Europeans viewed this as an opportunity to take Ottoman Land.
Serbia and Greece won autonomy in the 1830's
Russia pushed southward to the Black Sea
Austria-Hungary took Bosnia and Herzegovina
German played both sides
The Old Colonial Empires
From the Age of Discovery some nations had already established colonial empires
These included Great Britain, France, Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands
The British Empire
http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome05/index.php
The British Empire
Carving Up Africa
The slave trade: Collusion between local tribes and White Slavers
European nations begin to outlaw slavery in the early 1800'sf
Colonists move inland from the coast. (missionaries and explorers: Livingston and Stanley)
Belgium plays a double game (profits and Christianity)
The Middle East Had a largely Islamic
population Had been mostly under the
rule of the Ottoman Empire Was the key to travel to
the Far East France, England and
Russia competed for control
France built the canal, England paid for it
Russia and Britain competed for control of Persia (Iran)