Imperialism Spreading culture 1. Why it happened In 1800s Industrialized nations were strong (1) Western/European countries had: Strong economies, well-organized governments, powerful armies Superior technology (1) Pair/Share Explain 2 motives of Imperialism. Why were Western/European countries able to take over other countries? 2. Types of rule Direct Rule (1) France: Sending French people into colonies to rule & spread French culture Indirect Rule (protectorate) (1) Great Britain: used local rulers, encouraged children to go to GB for education Rulers were expected to follow British advice Sphere of Influence (1) U.S. telling Latin American countries what they can produce & with whom they can trade. 3. Scramble for territory King Leopold II (Belgium) in Africa Hired Henry Stanley (a journalist) to explore the Congo River basin & to make trade treaties. (1) Other countries heard that Belgium was trying to control the interior of Africa and quickly scrambled to get land. (2) Pair/Share Describe sphere of influence. What caused the scramble for territory in Africa? 4. Berlin conference, 1884 European countries met in Berlin, Germany decide what to do with Africa. (1) King Leopold was allowed to claim Congo Free St., but had to allow free trade along Congo and Niger River. Why is access to a major river important? (leave room for answer) European countries had to have a govt office to claim power of land. Within 20 years nearly all of Africa was taken over. Page 293 in textbook Pair/Share: what caused the change? 5. Britain in India By mid 1800s British E. India Co. controlled 3/5 of India. (1) Economic motive Took advantage of diversity in India (1) Pair/Share Partner A: Who had control in India in the 1800s? Partner B: How did British E. India Co. use the caste system to their advantage? 6. Discontent & Rebellion in India 1850s, India not happy with GBs decisions sepoys Required sepoys to serve anywhere. (1) Hindu widows could remarry (2) Sepoy Rebellion began Sepoys killed British officials in India GB fought back and took terrible revenge 1858, British E. India Co. removed from power, GB in direct control. 7. British Rule in India PositiveNegative -Peace & order in rural areas - Revised legal system (no caste) -RR, telegraph, mail system -Hand-weaving industry fell -Deforestation cash crops -Famine due to cash crops (cotton & jute) & rapid population growth - Benefited upper class the most (1) Pair/Share Partner A: Discuss 1 reason why Indians were unhappy with British rule. Partner B: Explain 1 positive and 1 negative aspect of British rule in India. 8. India Seeks Self Rule self-rule nationalism Ideas of self-rule and nationalism spread after WWI. Amritsar massacre April 1919, GB General and soldiers opened fire on peaceful crowd, killing 400 (1) 8. India Seeks Self Rule Gandhi Became leader of Indias Congress Party Believed in Hinduism and nonviolence Civil disobedience Wanted equal rights for ALL women & untouchables too. boycotts Encouraged boycotts Salt March Led ppl. to sea for free salt, was arrested. (1) Thousands followed Media showed GB brutality, led to some self-rule Not completely independent until after WWII Pair/Share Partner A: How did the Salt March lead to independence in India? Partner B: Explain civil disobedience. 9. Britain in China Trade GB bought more from China than it sold Opium War (1839) Received Opium in India, sold to China = addiction China outlaws Opium (1) Unequal treaties are signed (2) 10. China weakening Taiping Rebellion, (1) Government won in the end M Chinese died Weakened Chinese government (2) Sino-Japanese War ( ), Japan won island of Taiwan 11. Spheres of Influence European countries took over Chinas coast Why coast? (Leave room for answer)Why coast? (Leave room for answer) Foreigners tried in own courts So? (Leave room for answer)So? (Leave room for answer) Open Door Policy by U.S. (1) Pair/Share Partner A: Explain the result of the Opium War in China. Partner B: Explain the Sphere of Influence and the Open Door Policy in China. 12. France in SE Asia Took over land by early 1860s, called French Indochina (1) Politics Wanted more land & nationalism after loss to Germany in Franco- Prussian War ( ) (1) Compete with GB & others Economics Raw materials (1) Road into China 12. France in SE Asia Social interests Religion (Christianity) Social Darwinism Meaning from Starting a Global Industrial Society notes? Introduced to modern technology, mined tin, built RRs, & harvested rubber. (1)