The Age of Imperialism Forms of Imperialism FORM DEFINITION EXAMPLE Colony A __________________ region that is under the ___________________ of a mother country Governed by a foreign power Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony Protectorate A foreign region in which the mother country allows _______________ to maintain their position of power, but _______________them Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River delta Motives for Imperialism: a) Loss of New World Empires : o France, _________________, Spain, & Portugal all lost _______________ in the 18th – 19th centuries b) Economic : o The Industrial Revolution created a higher demand for _____________ of raw materials & new _____________ for products c) Nationalism : o Prestige, _____________________, greed, ethnocentrism d) “Civilizing” Missions : o The desire to spread What is Imperialism? Definition : A policy in which a strong nation seeks to __________________ other countries politically, __________________ or socially Treatment of Native People: Enslavement: _________________ Segregation: Separation of _______ Assimilation: The _________ adoption of a “mainstream” _____________ Problems for Natives? Loss of traditional _____________ Loss of traditional
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The Age of Imperialism
Forms of ImperialismFORM DEFINITION EXAMPLEColony A __________________ region that is under
the ___________________ of a mother country
Governed by a foreign power
Somaliland in East Africa was a French colony
Protectorate A foreign region in which the mother country allows _______________ to maintain their position of power, but _______________them
Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River delta
Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims _________________ investment or ________________privileges
Liberia was under the sphere of influence of the United States
Economic Imperialism An independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other governments
The Dole Fruit company controlled pineapple trade in Hawaii
Motives for Imperialism:a) Loss of New World Empires :
o France, _________________, Spain, & Portugal all lost _______________ in the 18th – 19th centuries
b) Economic :o The Industrial Revolution created a higher
demand for _____________ of raw materials & new _____________ for products
c) Nationalism :o Prestige, _____________________, greed,
ethnocentrism
d) “Civilizing” Missions :o The desire to spread ___________cultureo Spread the _________________________o Belief in European __________o Social ________________
What is Imperialism? Definition : A policy in which a strong nation seeks to
__________________ other countries politically, __________________ or socially
Treatment of Native People:Enslavement: _________________Segregation: Separation of _______Assimilation: The _________ adoption of a “mainstream” _____________
Problems for Natives?Loss of traditional _____________Loss of traditional _______________________________ of tribal groups Population ___________________________ of natural resources; loss of good farmland
The Partition of AfricaAfrica Before Imperialism Hundreds of ____________ & linguistic groups Most followed ________________beliefs, while some converted to Christianity & Islam Politically ranged from large empires to ________________ By late 1880s _______ of Africa was controlled by Europeans By 1914 Europeans control ____% of continent!
Why Africa?Why were European nations so interested in colonizing Africa in the late 1800s? New markets Raw materials & ___________________
o Examples: _________________________________ “Duty” to _________________ Africans
o Most Europeans felt that the Africans were ______________and forced western _____________ on conquered peoples
______________________: social theory of the time; said the fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were _____________ to others
Why was Africa so easy to colonize during the late 1800s? Europeans had superior _________________
o Examples: ________________________________ _____________ among African tribes
The Opening of A fr ica __________________: Explored the
African ______________ GOALS:
o ______________the slave trade o __________ natives to ___________
___________________: Reporter that was hired to search for Livingstone after he had ____________
After finding Livingstone, Stanley began to __________________ for himself
Livingstone & Stanley generated ________________________ from their travels and explorations
The Opening of Africa _________________________: Explored
the African ______________ GOALS:
o ______________the slave trade o ___________ natives to ___________
___________________: Reporter that was hired to search for Livingstone after he had __________________
After finding Livingstone, Stanley began to __________________ for himself
Livingstone & Stanley generated ___________________________ from their travels and explorations
The Berlin Conference (Berlin, Germany 1884-85) From 1880-1914 European countries carved up Africa,
_______________ it among themselves Competition was so fierce Europe feared ______would
spark To prevent conflict, 14 European countries met a the Berlin
Conference to lay down _________ for dividing Africa Agreed any European country could claim land by
______________ other countries of its claims & showing it could ___________ the area
No ______________ ruler was invited to attend Little thought or interest was given to how the _________
felt
A Few Examples of Imperialism in AfricaThe Belgian Congo Leopold II: _____________________ Hired Stanley to carve out a Belgian kingdom in the ___________ Leopold claimed that he wanted to ____________________ & spread
Christianity in the Belgian Congo _________________! Exploited the natives by forcing them to collect sap from _________________ ________________ Congolese died under Leopold’s rule Often viewed as the ________________ treatment of natives After humanitarians demanded _____________, the Belgian government took
___________away from him in 1908
South Africa: The British & the Boers (Dutch) Boers (Afrikaners): ______________________ who settled at the Southern tip of Africa beginning in 1652 The Boers gradually ______________ the Africans’ land, established large farms & _______________the
natives In 1815 South Africa was given to ______________________ at the Congress of Vienna Conflicts between the ___________________ & the British ensued Main Issues: ____________ and _______________ The British outlawed ______________ in the 1830s Resulted in the Great Trek: Boers moved slightly north & established 2 _________________ - Transvaal &
Orange Free State Eventually __________________________ were found in the new Boer states… People from all over the world flooded Africa in order to make their fortunes The Boers attempted to keep these “outsiders” out of Africa Led to the _______________ War: Lasted 3 years & _________________ won The Results of GB’s Victory : The ____________________of South Africa The establishment of a __________________ controlled society – the beginnings of Apartheid!
Ethiopia: Successful Resistance! Strong leader: Emperor ___________________ Built up a large arsenal of _______________________ (purchased
from France & Russia) ____________ tried to claim Ethiopia as a protectorate Menelik _______________ war! Ethiopian forces successfully ______________ Italians! 1 of only ____countries not to fall under control of a European
India: Jewel in the Crown 1750’s Mughal Empire _______________ and British East India Company
_________________________________ British _______________________________ rules India until 1858 Company has its ______________________ led by British __________________ Army is staffed by ________________: Indian ________________
Why is India Britain’s _______________________ colony (the brightest jewel in the crown!)?o ________________________o ________________________o ________________________; 300 million people!
Indians _____________ to produce raw materials for British; Forced to buy ______________________ Indian __________________ with British goods was ___________________
Positive Impact of Colonization Modernization! World’s 3rd largest _______________, modern
__________________ and public health improved ______________ and colleges were founded (but
English language and Western customs taught) ________________ increased
Negative Impact of Colonization British held _____________& ______________
power _________________ Indian-owned industries Cash crops result in loss of self-sufficiency &
_________________ Indian culture disrupted by ________________
and _______________ attitudes Indians treated as ________________citizens
The Sepoy Rebellion Cultural Conflict : New rifle ________________ being used by the Sepoys were made
of ___________________ To use the cartridges the soldiers had to _______________ both
ends – OUTRAGE! Why? The Sepoys refused & rebelled against the British British eventually _______________rebellion In 1858 India was placed under the _____________________ of the
British _________________ Queen Victoria of England was given title “____________________”
Nationalism Rises In 1800’s _____________________ movement begins Indians _______________being 2nd class citizens in their own country Indian National Congress forms; calls __________________________ But independence won’t happen until __________!
China: Another Jewel!China & the West In the late 18th century, China is ruled by an
__________________ under the ____________ Dynasty. China has chosen ____________________ No _____________________ with western powers China is strong __________________because it is largely
________________________
The Tea-Opium Connection China had _____________________ in trading with the West, but… High demand for __________________ in Great Britain at this time The Chinese DO NOT want to ____________ with GB, nor do they want ____________________goods
from GB ___________________________ with the British; Only allowed to use ________ Chinese port British were determined to find a product that the Chinese would buy in large quantities British were _________________ to find a product that the Chinese would buy in
_______________________ Product? ______________! Great Britain _______________ China with opium from India (Why India?) 1835 – _______________ Chinese addicted (What do you think the effects of this were?)
The Opium War: The Qing emperor demands the trade stop, but British _________________ Results in ________________________; GB _____________ outdated Chinese forces NANKING TREATY OF 1842 : The Chinese were forced to:
o Open _______________________ for tradeo ____________________ the opium tradeo Give ________________________ to GBo Accept ___________________
Extraterritoriality : British citizens living in China were ______________ to Chinese laws/courts
Foreign Influence Grows China’s _________________ booms from 1790-1850; _________________widespread Sparks the _____________ Rebellion; Massive ____________________ takes control over large areas of China Eventually ________________ by Qing troops and outside forces BUT… Other countries _____________________ of internal unrest and ____________________ Through treaties, European countries & Japan gain a ______________________________ in China US feared China would be ________________ by Europeans; Encouraged the adoption of the _____________ Open Door Policy : All countries were given __________________ to trade in _____ regions of China; Led to
increasing _____________ among the Chinese Another rebellion! ___________________: Campaign against imperial rule and foreign _________________ Rebellion fails, but Chinese _____________________ forces changes in China
Japan: A Unique
Storyof
Imperialism
Imperialism in Southeast Asia
Japan: Victim Japan ______________ to European influence
since 1600s Commodore Perry sent to Japan by U.S.
President to demand __________________ Gives _______________ – will return in 1 year Japan forced to sign _____________________ US gets ___________________ with Japan Japanese are angry shogun gave in to
______________________________
Japan: Aggressor Shogun replaced by a young emperor, ____________________ Meiji Era – Meiji means “_________________________” Japan decides to _______________________ to save culture! Studied & adopted _____________ways, including
____________________ By 1890, Japan had a _______________economy & was the
strongest ________________ power in Asia Wanted to _____________ their empire to show they were a
powerful nation Japan attacked ______________________! Takes Taiwan, Pescadores Islands, Manchuria & Korea 1910 Japan officially controlled _____________
o Banned teaching of __________________o Koreans forced to take Japanese ______________o _______________ forced off lands; businesses handed over to
Japanese
Europeans in Southeast Asia Dutch ruled whole island chain of
Indonesia, called the ______________________________
_______________ ruled in Burma (modern Myanmar) & Malaysia
French ruled directly in _____________ (Laos, Cambodia, & Vietnam)
The U.S. in Southeast Asia Spanish rule in __________________
until U.S. wins Spanish-American War
U.S. promised to _______________ Philippines to nationalists, BUT kept as a ________________
Want Bonus Points? Answer the questions from the map (hint – look in your book to see the colors for the key): OR explain how the political cartoon (to the left of Japan: Aggressor) relates to imperialism:
