IMPLEMENTATION OF EYE BLINK SENSOR BASED ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM
G.Rajkumar1, C.Jagdeesh Vikram
2, S.Ram Kumar
3, Nizamudeen
4&Jayanth
5
1,3,4,5 B.Tech student,
2 Assistant Professor,
Department of Automobile Engineering,BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai, India
Abstract:Presently a day's mishaps are expanding at a
substantial pace, and different advancements are being
acquainted with diminish the mischances. In this venture we
give method for mishap counteractive action utilizing eye
squint wherein the vehicle is halted promptly and hinted
wherever required.
In this work we have two segments. One is
transmitter area which is situated in the vehicle and another
is Receiver segment situated in remote place (Police station,
close ones, and so on). In the transmitter segment the eye
squint sensor is put close to the eye to detect the flicker tally
and this data is transmitted as heartbeats and is given to the
Microcontroller. The Microcontroller utilizes this data to
contrast and the typical eye squint modified in the chip and
if any strange circumstance emerges the vehicle is ceased
with a caution sign, this operation is empowered by method
for the driver circuit associated with the vehicle engine and
the flag is transmitted by means of RF-transmitter at the
recurrence of 433.92 MHz. In the Receiver side the
transmitted flag is gotten and the flag is decoded and given
to the Microcontroller, which utilizes this data for showing
the ready message in the LCD as customized, all the while a
signal caution is given.
Introduction
“Driving to save lives, time, and money in spite of the
conditions around you and the actions of others.”-This
is the motto for Defensive Driving.Vehicle mishaps are
most basic if the driving is lacking. These occur on most
variables if the driver is sleepy or in the event that he is
alcoholic[1-6]. Driver sluggishness is perceived as an
essential consider the vehicle mishaps. It was exhibited
that driving execution decays with expanded
sluggishness with coming about accidents constituting
more than 20% of all vehicle mischances. Be that as it
may, the life lost once can't be re-winded. Propelled
innovation offers some trust keep away from these up to
some degree[7-15].
This work includes measure and controls the eye
squint utilizing IR sensor. The IR transmitter is utilized
to transmit the infrared beams in our eye. The IR
collector is utilized to get the reflected infrared beams of
eye. On the off chance that the eye is shut means the
yield of IR beneficiary is high generally the IR collector
yield is low. This to know the eye is shutting or opening
position. This yield is provide for rationale circuit to
demonstrate the caution. It additionally includes in
controlling mischance because of oblivious through Eye
flicker. Here one eye squint sensor is settled in vehicle
where in the event that anyone looses cognizant and
show through caution[16-24].
An auto test system study was intended to gather
physiological information for approval of this
innovation. Strategy for investigation of physiological
information, autonomous evaluation of driver languor
and improvement of laziness location calculation by
method for consecutive fitting and determination of
relapse models is introduced[25-29].
International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 119 No. 12 2018, 9983-9993ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu
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Work diagram
The square chart delineates the aggregate blue print
of the proposed work[30-40]. The aggregate substance
and the working of the venture is spoken to in a solitary
piece graph. The block diagram mainly consists of 4
parts. They include
LM358 Comparator
Eye Blink Sensor
LCD
8051 Microcontroler
Buzzer
Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot
power with human locomotion is very much relevant
and important for highly populated countries like India
and China where the roads, railway stations, bus stands,
temples, etc. are all over crowded and millions of people
move around the clock. This whole human/bioenergy
being wasted if can be made possible for utilization it
will be great invention and crowd energy farms will be
very useful energy sources in crowded countries.
Walking across a "Crowd Farm[41-46]," floor, then, will
be a fun their health by exercising in such farms w for
nearby applications
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
IR Sensing Circuit:
Infrared transmitter is one kind of LED which emanates
infrared beams by and large called as IR Transmitter.
Additionally IR Receiver is utilized to get the IR beams
transmitted by the IR transmitter. One essential point is
both IR transmitter and recipient ought to be put straight
line to each other[47-51].
The transmitted flag is given to IR transmitter at
whatever point the flag is high, the IR transmitter LED
is leading it passes the IR beams to the recipient. The IR
recipient is associated with comparator. The comparator
is built with LM 358 operational intensifier. In the
comparator circuit the reference voltage is given to
rearranging input terminal. The non-altering input
terminal is associated IR collector. At the point when
interfere with the IR beams between the IR transmitter
and beneficiary, the IR collector is not leading. So the
comparator non reversing input terminal voltage is
higher then altering input. Presently the comparator
yield is in the scope of +5V. This voltage is given to
microcontroller or PC and drove so drove will gleam.
Buzzer:
A ringer or beeper is a flagging gadget, generally
electronic, regularly utilized as a part of autos, family
unit apparatuses, for example, a microwave stove, or
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diversion appears. It most generally comprises of
various switches or sensors associated with a control
unit that figures out whether and which catch was
pushed or a preset time has slipped by, and more often
than not enlightens a light on the fitting catch or control
board, and sounds a notice as a constant or
discontinuous humming or beeping sound. At first this
gadget depended on an electromechanical framework
which was indistinguishable to an electric chime without
the metal gong (which makes the ringing commotion).
Frequently these units were secured to a divider
or roof and utilized the roof or divider as a sounding
board. Another usage with some AC-associated gadgets
was to actualize a circuit to make the AC current into a
commotion sufficiently boisterous to drive an amplifier
and connect this circuit to a modest 8-ohm speaker.
These days, it is more prominent to utilize a fired based
piezoelectric sounder like a Sonalert which makes a
sharp tone. Generally these were snared to "driver"
circuits which shifted the pitch of the sound or beat the
sound on and off.
Circuit description:
The circuit is intended to control the ringer. The
bell ON and OFF is controlled by the match of
exchanging transistors (BC 547). The ringer is
associated in the Q2 transistor authority terminal. At the
point when high heartbeat flag is given to base of the Q1
transistors, the transistor is directing and close the
authority and emitter terminal so zero signs is given to
base of the Q2 transistor. Subsequently Q2 transistor and
bell is killed state.
At the point when low heartbeat is given to base
of transistor Q1 transistor, the transistor is killed.
Presently 12v is given to base of Q2 transistor so the
transistor is leading and ringer is invigorated and creates
the sound flag.
Voltage
from MC
or PC
Transistor
O1
Transistor
Q2
Transistor
O3
1 ON OFF OFF
0 OFF ON ON
LM358 Comparator:
Description:
The LM358 consist of two independent, high gain,
internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers
which were designed specifically to operate from a
single power supply over a wide range of voltage.
Operation from split power supplies is also possible and
the low power supply current drain is independent of the
magnitude of the power supply voltage. Application
areas include transducer amplifier, DC gain blocks and
all the conventional OP-AMP circuits which now can be
easily implemented in single power supply systems.
Features:
• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain
• Large DC Voltage Gain: 100dB
• Wide Power Supply Range: LM358 3V~32V (or
±1.5V~ 16V)
• Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground
• Large Output Voltage Swing: 0V DC to Vcc -1.5V DC
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• Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation.
Internal Block Diagram:
Microcontroller:
Microcontroller is a broadly useful gadget, which
coordinates some of the parts of a microchip framework
on to single chip. It has inbuilt CPU, memory and
peripherals to make it as a small scale PC. A
microcontroller joins on to a similar microchip:
The CPU core
Memory(both ROM and RAM)
Some parallel digital i/o
Microcontrollers will combine other devices such as:
A timer module to allow the microcontroller
to perform tasks for certain time periods.
A serial I/O port to allow data to flow
between the controller and other devices
such as a PIC or another microcontroller.
An ADC to allow the microcontroller to
accept analogue input data for processing.
Microcontrollers are:
Smaller in size
Consumes less power
Inexpensive
Miniaturized scale controller is a standalone
unit, which can perform works all alone with no
necessity for extra equipment like I/O ports and outside
memory. The heart of the microcontroller is the CPU
center. Previously, this has customarily been founded on
a 8-bit microchip unit. For instance Motorola utilizes an
essential 6800 microchip center in their 6805/6808
microcontroller gadgets. In the late years,
microcontrollers have been created around particularly
planned CPU centers, for instance the microchip PIC
scope of microcontrollers.
AT89C51 is the 40 pins, 8 bit Microcontroller
manufactured by Atmel group. It is the flash type
reprogrammable memory. Advantage of this flash
memory is we can erase the program within few
minutes. It has 4kb on chip ROM and 128 bytes internal
RAM and 32 I/O pin as arranged as port 0 to port 3 each
has 8 bit bin .Port 0 contain 8 data line(D0-D7) as well
as low order address line(AO-A7).
Port 2 contain higher order address line (A8-
A15). Port 3 contains special purpose register such as
serial input receiver register SBUF, interrupt
INT0,INT1 and timers T0 , T1 many of the pins have
multi functions which can be used as general purpose
I/O pins (or) Special purpose function can be decided by
the programmer itself.
Features:
4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash
MemoryEndurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Three-Level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM
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32 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial Channel
Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes
PIN DIAGRAM OF 89C51
A LCD comprises of two glass boards, with the fluid
precious stone material sand witched in the middle of
them. The internal surface of the glass plates are covered
with straightforward anodes which characterize the
character, images or examples to be shown polymeric
layers are available in the middle of the terminals and
the fluid precious stone, which makes the fluid gem
particles to keep up a characterized introduction edge.
One every polarisers are stuck outside the two glass
boards. These polarisers would pivot the light beams
going through them to a positive edge, in a specific
direction.When the LCD is in the off state, light beams
are turned by the two polarisers and the fluid precious
stone, to such an extent that the light beams leave the
LCD with no introduction, and henceforth the LCD
seems straightforward.
At the point when adequate voltage is connected
to the terminals, the fluid precious stone particles would
be adjusted in a particular course. The light beams going
through the LCD would be turned by the polarisers,
which would bring about actuating/highlighting the
fancied characters.
The LCD's are lightweight with just a couple of
millimeters thickness. Since the LCD's devour less
power, they are good with low power electronic circuits,
and can be fueled for long lengths.
The LCD's don't produce light thus light is
expected to peruse the show. By utilizing backdrop
illumination, perusing is conceivable oblivious. The
LCD's have long life and a wide working temperature
extend. Changing the show measure or the design size is
generally basic which makes the LCD's more client well
disposed.
POWER SUPPLY:
The power supply circuits fabricated utilizing channels,
rectifiers, and afterward voltage controllers. Beginning
with an air conditioner voltage, a relentless dc voltage is
gotten by redressing the air conditioner voltage, then
separating to a dc level, lastly, managing to acquire a
sought settled dc voltage. The control is normally gotten
from an IC voltage controller unit, which takes a dc
voltage and gives a fairly bring down dc voltage, which
continues as before regardless of the possibility that the
information dc voltage fluctuates, or the yield stack
associated with the dc voltage changes. The square chart
of force supply is appeared in fig beneath.
Transformer
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The potential transformer will venture down the power
supply voltage (0-230V) to (0-6V) level. At that point
the optional of the potential transformer will be
associated with the accuracy rectifier, which is
developed with the assistance of op–amp. The benefits
of utilizing exactness rectifier are it will give top voltage
yield as DC, rest of the circuits will give just RMS yield.
Bridge rectifier
Bridge rectifier is utilized to keep up the best
possible DC extremity at the contribution to the circuit,
regardless of phone line extremity. It involves four
diodes associated with frame a scaffold. It utilizes the
whole AC wave (both positive and negative segments).
1.4V is spent in the scaffold rectifier in light of the fact
that every diode utilizes 0.7V when directing and there
are constantly two diodes leading, as appeared in fig
underneath.
IC Voltage Regulators:
Voltage regulators involve a class of broadly
utilized ICs. Controller IC units contain the hardware for
reference source, comparator speaker, control gadget,
and over-burden security all in a solitary IC. Despite the
fact that the inside development of the IC is to some
degree not quite the same as that portrayed for discrete
voltage controller circuits, the outside operation is much
the same. IC units give control of either a settled
positive voltage, a settled negative voltage, or a
customizable set voltage.
Three terminal Voltage Regulators:
It demonstrates the fundamental association of a
three-terminal voltage controller IC to a heap. The
settled voltage controller has an unregulated dc input
voltage, Vin, connected to one information terminal, a
managed yield dc voltage, Vout, from a moment
terminal, with the third terminal associated with ground.
Introduction to Micro vision Keil (IDE)
Keil is a cross compiler. So first we have to
understand the concept of compilers and cross
compilers. After then we shall learn how to work with
keil.
Concept of compiler:
Compilers are projects used to change over a High Level
Language to protest code. Desktop compilers deliver a
yield question code for the fundamental chip, yet not
for different microchips. I.E the projects written in one
of the HLL like "C" will assemble the code to keep
running on the framework for a specific processor like
x86 (hidden chip in the PC). For instance compilers for
Dos stage is not quite the same as the Compilers for
Unix stage.
Keil C cross compiler:
Keil is a German based Software development company.
It provides several development tools like
IN
OUT
7805
GND
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• IDE (Integrated Development environment)
• Project Manager
• Simulator
• Debugger
• C Cross Compiler, Cross Assembler,
Locator/Linker
Keil Software provides you with software development
tools for the 8051 family of microcontrollers. With these
tools, you can generate embedded applications for the
multitude of 8051 derivatives. Keil provides following
tools for 8051 development
1. C51 Optimizing C Cross Compiler,
2. A51 Macro Assembler,
3. 8051 Utilities (linker, object file converter, library manager),
4. Source-Level Debugger/Simulator,
5. µVision for Windows Integrated Development Environment.
The keil 8051 tool kit includes three main tools,
assembler, compiler and linker. An assembler is used to
assemble your 8051 assembly program. A compiler is
used to compile your C source code into an object file. A
linker is used to create an absolute object module
suitable for your in-circuit emulator. 8051 project
development cycle: - these are the steps to develop 8051
project using keil
1. Create source files in C or assembly.
2. Compile or assemble source files.
3. Correct errors in source files.
4. Link object files from compiler and assembler.
5. Test linked application.
Conclusion:
This work is utilized to give the simple access to keep
up the participation. In this venture RFID card is utilized
as representative or understudy ID card. This work is
exceptionally helpful to the organization and office with
a specific end goal to keep up the worker participation.
Participation is kept up in the information base in PC. So
we can without much of a stretch cross confirm the
participation. In this venture we can keep up the
representative IN and Out time. We can likewise utilize
this work in school and school to keep up the
participation of the understudy. So this work enhances
the security execution since we can't make the copy
RFID card.
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