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Implementing Successful Preparedness Exercises
Objectives
To increase knowledge of exercising and how to create an effective exercise program
To provide processes for creating high-quality exercise activities
Why Exercise?
Progressive Exercising
Involves everyone! Planned to achieve identifiable goals Series of increasingly complex exercises Success breeds success
Who participates?
Types of Exercise
Orientation Seminar Drill Tabletop Exercise Functional Exercise Full-Scale Exercise
Orientation Exercise
Overview– Can be lecture, slide
show, etc. Familiarize
participants with their roles, equipment, etc.
Lasts one – two hours
Drills
Tests a single specific operation or function
Allows the practice and perfection of one part of the response plan
Usually takes ½ hour - 2 hours to complete
Tabletop Exercise
Facilitated analysis of an emergency situation
Informal and stress-free environment
Little attempt at simulation
Generally lasts 1 – 4 hours
Functional Exercise
Fully simulated, interactive exercise
Tests the capability of the organization to respond in a time-pressured environment
Tests multiple functions Can be as short as 3-8
or hours
Full-Scale Exercise
Simulates “The Big One” for the organization
High stress Use of personnel,
equipment, and resources
Can be as short as 2 – 4 hours, or last for days
Compare all this to football (or hockey!)
Orientation 1st team meeting
Drill Special teams
Tabletop exercise “Skull” session
Functional exercise Intra-squad game
Full scale exercise Preseason game
Actual disaster Regular season game
Catastrophic disaster (with Presidential
declaration)
Team in the PLAYOFFS!
ReviewPlan
ReviewPlan
DevelopScheduleDevelopSchedule
DetermineExercise
Scope
DetermineExerciseScope
AssessCapabilityAssess
Capability
ConductNeeds
Assessment
ConductNeeds
Assessment
WritePurpose
Statement
WritePurpose
Statement
SendExerciseDirective
SendExerciseDirective
OrganizeEvaluation
Team
OrganizeEvaluation
Team
OrganizeDesignTeam
OrganizeDesignTeam
PrepareObjectivesPrepare
Objectives
WriteNarrative
WriteNarrative
WriteMessages
WriteMessages
DevelopEvaluation
Format
DevelopEvaluation
Format
List Major &DetailedEvents
List Major &DetailedEvents
FinalizeExercise
Enhancements
FinalizeExercise
Enhancements
DetermineExpectedActions
DetermineExpectedActions
ConductExerciseConductExercise
ConductPost-Exercise
Meeting
ConductPostexercise
Meeting
ConductFollow-UpActivities
ConductFollowupActivities
WriteAfter-Action
Report
WriteAfter-Action
Report
Before
During
After
ReviewPlan
ReviewPlan
DevelopScheduleDevelopSchedule
DetermineExercise
Scope
DetermineExerciseScope
AssessCapabilityAssess
Capability
ConductNeeds
Assessment
ConductNeeds
Assessment
WritePurpose
Statement
WritePurpose
Statement
SendExerciseDirective
SendExerciseDirective
OrganizeEvaluation
Team
OrganizeEvaluation
Team
OrganizeDesignTeam
OrganizeDesignTeam
PrepareObjectivesPrepare
Objectives
WriteNarrative
WriteNarrative
WriteMessages
WriteMessages
DevelopEvaluation
Format
DevelopEvaluation
Format
List Major &DetailedEvents
List Major &DetailedEvents
FinalizeExercise
Enhancements
FinalizeExercise
Enhancements
DetermineExpectedActions
DetermineExpectedActions
ConductExerciseConductExercise
ConductPost-Exercise
Meeting
ConductPostexercise
Meeting
ConductFollow-UpActivities
ConductFollowupActivities
WriteAfter-Action
Report
WriteAfter-Action
Report
Before
During
After
ReviewPlan
ReviewPlan
DevelopScheduleDevelopSchedule
DetermineExercise
Scope
DetermineExerciseScope
AssessCapabilityAssess
Capability
ConductNeeds
Assessment
ConductNeeds
Assessment
WritePurpose
Statement
WritePurpose
Statement
SendExerciseDirective
SendExerciseDirective
OrganizeEvaluation
Team
OrganizeEvaluation
Team
OrganizeDesignTeam
OrganizeDesignTeam
PrepareObjectivesPrepare
Objectives
WriteNarrative
WriteNarrative
WriteMessages
WriteMessages
DevelopEvaluation
Format
DevelopEvaluation
Format
List Major &DetailedEvents
List Major &DetailedEvents
FinalizeExercise
Enhancements
FinalizeExercise
Enhancements
DetermineExpectedActions
DetermineExpectedActions
ConductExerciseConductExercise
ConductPost-Exercise
Meeting
ConductPostexercise
Meeting
ConductFollow-UpActivities
ConductFollowupActivities
WriteAfter-Action
Report
WriteAfter-Action
Report
Before
During
After
Sequence of Tasks for Successful Exercises
1. Establishing the base
5. Exercise follow-up
4. Exercise critique and
evaluation3. Conduct the exercise
2. Develop exercise
Exercise Design Cycle
1. Establishing the base
5. Exercise follow-up
4. Exercise critique and
evaluation3. Conduct the exercise
2. Develop exercise
1. Establishing the base
5. Exercise follow-up
4. Exercise critique and
evaluation3. Conduct the exercise
2. Develop exercise
1. Establishing the base
5. Exercise follow-up
4. Exercise critique and
evaluation3. Conduct the exercise
2. Develop exercise
1. Establishing the base
5. Exercise follow-up
4. Exercise critique and
evaluation3. Conduct the exercise
2. Develop exercise
1. Establishing the base
5. Exercise follow-up
4. Exercise critique and
evaluation3. Conduct the exercise
2. Develop exercise
1. Establishing the base
5. Exercise follow-up
4. Exercise critique and
evaluation3. Conduct the exercise
2. Develop exercise
Exercise Documents
Exercise PlanControl PlanEvaluation PlanPlayer Handbook
Exercise Design Steps
1. Assess needs
2. Define scope
3. Write a statement of purpose
4. Define objectives
5. Compose a narrative
6. Write major & detailed events
7. List expected actions
8. Prepare messages
Assess Needs
Helps define problems, establish reasons to do an exercise, and ID the functions to be exercised– What hazards?– Who can be impacted?– Who needs to practice?– Who can come play?– What exercise requirements are there? – What toys do we have to play with?
Define the Scope
Type of emergencyLocationFunctionsParticipantsExercise type
Write a Statement of Purpose
Covers who, what, where, when, and why
Define Objectives
Basis for all that was and all that is to be
Sets the “rules of engagement”
Helps with evaluation Sets goals for follow-up Make sure they are
S.M.A.R.T. objectives
Compose a Narrative
Sets the moodSets the stage for
later action
Write out major & detailed events
Find your inner playwright
Major events
Detailed events
List expected actions
VerificationConsiderationDeferralDecision
Prepare messages
Single purpose…to spur a reaction
Can be transmitted in various ways
Need to be credible
Evaluation and Critiques
Evaluations
Did we meet our goal? Where can we improve? What training or staffing
opportunities have we found? What equipment do we need? When is the NEXT exercise??
It’s all about the team
Evaluation team structure
Role of the Team Leader
Team Member selection
Training the team
Evaluation Methodology
How is the team structured?
What are the objectives to be measured?
What’s in my evaluation packet??
Postexercise Meetings
Player debriefings
Evaluation team meeting
After Action Report
Form Format
– Introduction– Statement of the Problem– Exercise Summary– Accomplishments and Shortfalls– Recommendations
Implementing Change
Exercise Enhancements
Be creative! Take advantage of what
is available to you Maps and charts and
status boards, OH MY! People and props
How do I get all this stuff?
Hospitals Schools & colleges Business & industry CHEMTREC Boy & Girl Scouts SAR volunteers Railroads The Salvation Army
Public transportation Fire/Police/EMS
agencies Amateur radio clubs Religious organizations American Red Cross Service organizations
(Elks, Lions, Rotary, etc..)
…and then what do I do with it?
Make sure you designate someone to be in charge of logistics for the exercise
Costs & Liability
Manpower hours Potential for damage or replacement costs Be sure to return what you borrow
– Includes volunteer victims on loan
Check over your jurisdictions policy for equipment usage.
Additional Resources
Gillis, Tracy K., Emergency Exercise Handbook: Evaluate & Integrate Your Company’s Plan. Penwell Publishing Company:1996.
Green, Walter G., Exercise Alternatives for Training Emergency Management Command Center Staffs. Universal Publishers:2000.
Anna M. McRay, NREMT-P, CERT Coordinator, County of Henrico
http://www.fema.gov– EMI Exercise Design (IS-139)– EMI Exercise Evaluation (G-130)