Published bythe University

of Pennsylvania:

THURSDAY / 20 MARCH 1980

Implications and Applications: Reactionsto the Yeshiva University Decision

The Supreme Court's ruling last monththat faculty members at Yeshiva Universityare managerial employees and thus notentitled to bargain collectively under federallabor law may carry implications for theUniversity of Pennsylvania and other privateuniversities across the nation.The effects of that decision will become

evident in the coming months as otheruniversities test collective bargaining agree-ments and faculty unionization effortsagainst the Yeshiva decision.

In a 5-to-4 decision on February 20, thecourt upheld a 1978 decision by the U.S.Court of Appeals forthe Second Circuit thatfull-time faculty members at Yeshiva Uni-versity have so much authority over aca-demic matters and institutional policies that"they are, in effect, substantially andpervasively operating the enterprise."The National Labor Relations Board and

the university's Faculty Association heldthat faculty members were "rank and file"employees and thus entitled to bargaincollectively.

In delivering the majority opinion, JusticeLewis F. Powell, Jr. said that facultymembers "decide what courses will beoffered, when they will be scheduled and towhom they will be taught. They debate anddetermine teaching standards, grading poli-cies and matriculation standards. Theyeffectively decide which students will beadmitted, retained and graduated ... Whenone considers the functions ofa university, itis difficult to imagine decisions moremanagerial than these."

Additionally, Powell noted, the faculty'spower at Yeshiva "extends beyond strictlyacademic concerns. The faculty ... makerecommendations to the dean or director inevery case of faculty hiring, tenure, sabbati-cals, termination and promotion. Althoughthe final decision is reached by the centraladministration on the advice of the dean ordirector, the overwhelming majority offaculty recommendations are implemented."While the NLRB maintained such deci-

sions were not managerial "because theyrequire the exercise of independent pro-fessional judgment," Powell said the Courtwas "not persuaded by this argument."

Powell wasjoined in the majority decisionby Chief Justice Warren E. Burger and

Justices William H. Rehnquist, John P.Stevens and Potter Stewart.

In a dissenting opinion, Justice William J.Brennan, Jr., charged that the "Court'sperception of the Yeshiva faculty's status isdistorted by the rose-colored lens throughwhich it views the governance structure ofthe modern-day university."The Court's conclusion that the faculty's

professional interests are indistinguishablefrom those ofthe administration is bottomedon an idealized model of collegial decision-making that is a vestige of the great medievaluniversity. But the university oftoday bearslittle resemblance to the 'community ofscholars' of yesteryear."While the Yeshiva faculty offer recom-

mendations to the administ(ation on avariety of policies and actions, ultimately"the administration gives what weight andimport to the faculty's collectivejudgment asit chooses and deems consistent with its ownperception of the institution's needs andobjectives," Brennan said.Brennan defined the "touchstone of

managerial status" as "an alliance withmanagement" and the key factor whether inthe performance of his duties the employee"represents his own interests or those of hisemployer." He believes the Court failed tounderstand that "whatever influence thefaculty wields in university decision-makingis attributable solely to its collective exper-tise as professional educators and not to anymanagerial or supervisory prerogatives."Brennan was joined in his dissent by

Justices Harry A. Blackmun, ThurgoodMarshall, and Byron White.Across the nation, the decision was

criticized recently by representatives ofmajor faculty unions.

Martha Frieman, president and interimgeneral secretary of the American Associa-tion of University Professors was quoted inthe March 3 Chronicle ofHigher Education

as "surprised and dismayed" by the Court's

decision."It is disheartening that any faculty

member is denied the protections of theNational Labor Relations Act which otherprofessional employees have traditionallyenjoyed," she said.

(continued on page 5)

William Myers plays the dying husband inthe Foiger Theater Group production ofArnold Wesker's haunting love story, LoveLetters on Blue Paper. The play, directed byKenneth Frankel, depicts the efforts of aman's wife to express her love through herlove letters. The production plays at theAnnenberg School Theater from March 25-April 6; for ticket information, call Ext. 6791.

" Vice Provost Louis Girifalco and theCommittee on Academic Freedom and

Responsibilities provide more information onCircular A-21, pp. 9-10.

" Wharton professor studies unintellibilityin scholarly journals, p. 8.

" Professor William Klntner recommends a

stronger stance against Soviet aggression, p.3.

" The Personnel Relations Newsletter is a

supplement to this week's ALMANAC.

Quis CustodietIpsos Custodes?

Editor: The Educational Testing Service inPrinceton. N.J. has been on the defensive asa result of increasing criticism by profession-als and the public. Many persons have beenquestioning the short-answer questions ontests, and even the validity of the teststhemselves. The ETS has not hesitated toutilize opportunities to reply to its critics.

It may be advisable for ETS to test itself.Its newsletter, Developments, contained anannouncement of an international sympo-sium on educational testing identifying thelocation ofthe co-sponsors, the University ofL.eiden and the University of Antwerp, as"both in Belgium." Presumably the supervi-sors of the publication have already passedtheir Scholastic Aptitude Test in geography.William W. BrukmanProfessor of Educational Historyand Comparative EducationGraduate School of Education

United Way AgreementClarified and Defended

Editor:A local television program, Meeting-house, on Sunday. March 2, inspired me torespond to a letter in ALMANAC (2/14/80)about the "secret agreement" between theCatholic Church and the United Way.According to Rev. Henry Nichols, vice-

president of United Way, a guest onMeetinghouse, the "agreement" between theCatholic Church and the United Way, atleast originally, was only a statement in aletter from the Church, reserving the right towithdraw from its alliance with the UnitedWay if the latter funded charities servingpurposes in opposition to Church beliefs.This seems a rational position forthe Churchto take.

University Newman Center DirectorCharles Hagan, in the Daily Pennsylvanianof 2/18/80, dispelled the fiction that the"agreement" was "secret." In support of hisstatements, I offer the admission to me byone of the signers of the Speaking Out letterof 2 14/80 that the original agreement wasannounced in her [Catholic] Church.

Another guest on Meetinghouse was Ms.Judith Harris. head of the coalition ofwomen's groups whose refusal of funding byUnited Way initiated this brouhaha a fewweeks ago. She explained that their applica-tion as a coalition was a major factor in therefusal by United Way. Rev. Nichols agreedthat had the member organizations of thecoalition applied individually, at least some2

of them might have been approved. Ms.Harris said that her board had discussed thatpossibility, but decided to apply as acoalition primarily because in that form theirmember organizations can maintain avaluable exchange of information andservices. The United Way position is thatthey do not fund coalitions as such, in orderto he more accountable to the communityfor the way in which the funds are spent. Thisalso seems a legitimate argument.The groups comprising the coalition may

still, if they wish, apply for United Wayfunding as individual groups, and the UnitedWay would have no objection to themaintenance of the coalition and thereforethe continuation of exchange of services andinformation; there are a number of coali-tions comprised of organizations whichreceive United Way funding. The problemfor Ms. Harris and her Board, however, wasthat all their member organizations mightnot he approved for funding by United Way,and that was apparently what they hoped topreclude by applying as a coalition.A University employee in the Meeting-

house audience who claimed that he isbombarded with requests-practicallydemands that he contribute to United Wayis. I believe. exaggerating. As one who hasworked for a "give-or-else" employer. I mustcompliment the University on the freedom ofchoice allowed its employees, at least in myown twelve years' experience at Penn.Certainly the year that my office was incharge of the University's United Waycampaign, we neither instructed solicitors toput pressure on anyone to contribute, nordid we receive a single complaint ofcoercionor undue influence. From all my experienceat Penn, including hearsay, I believe thepolicy regarding United Way has beensimply to provide each employee with aconvenient method of contributing if he orshe wishes to do so.

Finally, the argument was made that theUnited Way discriminated against homosex-uals because it refused funding to a "gay"coalition, and in similar manner is discrimi-nating against women because of its refusalto fund Ms. Harris' coalition. The replygiven was that women, like homosexuals,can and do benefit from many ofthe agencieswhich receive United Way funds. It hardlyseems fair (much less rational) to fault theUnited Way for "keeping poor womenpregnant." as Mses. Tracy and Jensen claim,nor for "keeping [them] ignorant, destitute,and dependent on the welfare system and[charity]." Even Ms. Harris. a principal inthe controversy and a strikingly intelligentand articulate person, levelled no suchpreposterous charges at the United Way.

Virginia Hill UprightCoordinating AssistantPlanned Giving; Development

Dr. Thomas R. Boggs, professor of pedi-atrics in the University School of Medicinedied February 24. He was 56.

Boggs was also head of the section onnewborn pediatrics and director of nurseriesat Pennsylvania Hospital, and was on thestaff of Children's Hospital.A native Philadelphian, Boggs received

his bachelor's degree from Amherst Collegeand his medical degree from the University.He was appointed assistant instructor inpediatrics in 1951; in 1953. he was promotedto instructor; in 1954, to associate professor;in 1959. to assistant professor; and becameaprofessor in 1970.Boggs was active in many professional

societies and authored 58 scientific papers.He is survived by his wife, Van Baker-

Smith Boggs; a daughter, Stephanie; hismother, Marion; and a sister, SheilaHudson.

Mrs. Jean L. Cross, a retired Universityclerk, died on February 19. She was 74.Cross joined the University as a records clerkin the Dental School in 1954; in 1958, shebecame a general clerk; and in 1966, a clinicclerk. She retired in 1969.Cross is survived by her husband, Edwin.

.Margaret Hamilton, a program librarian,

died on March I. She was 55.Hamilton joined the University in 1970 as

a program librarian in the UniversityManagement Information Services depart-ment. She is survived by her daughterMargaret.

AlmanacVolume 26, Number 27

The news magazine of the University ofPennsylvania, published weekly in Philadelphiathroughout theacademic year. monthly duringJune, July, and August.

Editor C. ANNE VITULLOEditorial Assistant SALLY SORENSENWork-Study Assistant VIOLETTE PHILLIPSDesigners CAROLROESCH LOMBARDI,ROBINRYAN

Photographer DIANNE FELTOONContributors RON FRANCIS.STEPHEN FRIED. MAXLEBOW

ALMANACAdvisory Board: Robert Lewis Shayon,chairman; Herbert Callen, Fred Karush, PaulBender. Charles Dwyer and Walter Wales for theFaculty Senate; Valerie Pena for the Librarians'Assembly; Shirley Hill for the AdministrativeAssembly; Virginia Hill Upright forthe A-3Assembly. Copies of ALMANAC's guidelines forreaders and contributors may be obtained fromALMANAC.

Editorial offices: 3533 Locust Walk/CO.Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: 243-5274. Pleasedirect all subscription inquiries to the editorialassistant

20 March 1980

Kintner UrgesVigorous DefensePosture

For many years the Soviet Union sus-tained a strategic nuclear program whichthey anticipated would bring them "awindow of opportunity" to put "our majorstrategic force in peril," observed ProfessorWilliam R. Kintner. "I don't mean theSoviets are going to strike." he cautioned,"but in a deep crisis situation, we could be introuble."The professor of political science and

president of the Foreign Policy ResearchInstitute recently shared his assessment ofthe crisis in the Persian Gulf and thedeteriorating relations between the UnitedStates and the Soviet Union.

In his January State ofthe Union MessagePresident Carter tossed aside the foreign andsecurity policies he had followed the pastthree years, Kintner observed. In the budgetmessage he asked for a steep increase indefense expenditures. He practically burieddetente except for one item: Carter wantedto push SALT II past the Senate once theSoviets pulled out of Afghanistan. Hisreason was familiar: SALT II will increaseour security and help reduce one of ourmajor defense problems.Many of Carter's opponents in the U.S.

Senate don'tagree. In the past years. Kintnerpointed out, our defense expenditures havefallen behind those of the Soviet Union. Asaresult, the Soviets have overtaken the UnitedStates in certain areas of defense."The Soviets have shown little rest in

defense spending." he observed. "They firstsought to achieve parity (with the UnitedStates), which they now have. The questionis whether they now want meaningful super-iority."

In a talk before the Chicago Council onForeign Relations last October-long beforethe current crisis-Kinter explained theSoviets' rationale:"The Soviets probably believe that in an

all-out arms competition, our technologicalsuperiority could defeat them in the end.Because of that underlying fear, the Sovietsfeel a need to be one-up on us, if possible,forprotection."

In attempting to one-up the United States,Kintner said, the Soviet Union follows itsown timetable of operations, usually obliv-ious to the actions ofthe United States. "TheSoviets don't build up their defense systemsbecause of what we do," he said. "They justcontinue to do what they've been planningall along."The challenge facing the U.S. currently is

to "restore a strategic balance with theSoviets without having time to build those20 March 1980

defenses,"Kintner

said. Al-though the

IUSCAT

Carter asked for a sharpU.S. maybeincreasein defense expen-in trouble

ditures. Defense Secretarystrategically, Brown provided thethe fault does rationale for this surge: "We facenot lie completely a decision that we have been de-with the present -ferring for too long; we can defer it noadministration but - -

longer. We must decide now whether weintend to remain the strongest nation in theworld. The alternative is to let ourselves slipinto inferiority, into a position of weaknessin a harsh world whose principles unsup-ported by power are victimized."Over the next five years, the U.S. should

be able to "keep up the substantial effort"necessary as the defense budget is slated torise 5.2 percent. That increase is due not tothe Soviet invast\ion of Afghanistan, but toseveral key Senators, particularly SenatorSam Nunn, "who would otherwise opposeSALT II."

Kintner sounded relieved when he said,"the administration finally realized the needfor increased defense spending, for this isreally a sizeable increase.

"I'm glad Carter's woken up from hisdreamworld," Kintner said, criticizing thepresident's former reluctance to increasedefense spending. "The differences betweenthe U.S. and the Soviet Union in defensebudgets is staggering. In 1979, the Sovietmilitary effort was about 50 percent largerthan our own."While the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

is not directly responsible for the presentU.S. support for increased defense spending.(continued on page 7)

with the nature of our political system."In a democracy, it is difficult-to maintain

the momentum necessary for long-termspending on defense, which shows noimmediate benefit," Kintner said. Suchbudget expenditures vary with the whims ofCongress, national political outlook and theadministration in office.Although "in some areas we are five, six or

seven years behind," Kintner believes "wewill be able to establish parity (with theSoviet Union) if we keep up the substantialeffort."While the Soviets were steadily raising

their arms outlay, the U.S. decreased itsdefense spending, action which Kintnerattributes to a "Vietnam backlash. Whenwe began withdrawing our troops duringtheNixon administration, that administrationhad trouble getting defense appropriationsfrom Congress," he said. Although in fiscalyear '77. President Gerald Ford increasedthe defense budget. Carter turned around thefollowing year "and knocked a lot of thingsout of the budget."

Carter's defense budgets were the lowest interms of a percentage of GNP since theKorean War.But in his fiscal year 1981 Budget Message

Humanities Exploit Computer Revolution"I assume a lot of humanists have little

card files and they keep lots of notes," saidHoward Brody, associate dean for comput-ing in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences."When you get 40 boxes of those card files,you can start losing control of what you'redoing."So Brody is trying to "rev up" use of the

computer in the humanities for simple taskslike sorting and remembering, and moretime-consuming work like correlation ofresearch data.The departments of music, religion and

linguistics have all found innovative uses forthe computer in the humanities, Brodypointed out.

Professor Franklin B. Zimmerman, music,is in the midst of a complex program to indexmelodic themes."My ambition," Zimmerman said, "is to

set up a very detailed index of baroquecomposers." This index is being done inthree steps, the first being compilation ofthematic indexes by first lines. "The theme ofmost works is revealed in the first ten tones,"he said.

Step two is to trace thematic usage andborrowing. Handel, for example, whoseindex is complete, used some 26,000 themesand borrowed repeatedly from himself.

Step three, Zimmerman said, is "lettingthe computer analyze the stylistic lingerprints' of melodics," to help determineauthorship.

Another goal Zimmerman will reach withthe computer is the reproduction of the 19and 31 tone octaves sometimes used bybaroque composers, which are not availableon today's musical instruments.

In the religion department, ProfessorRobert A. Kraft is trying to apply thecomputer to indexing work on ancient Greektexts.

Under the auspices of the InternationalOrganization for Septuagint and CognateStudies and the Society for Biblical Litera-ture, Kraft is developing a system to reducethe prodigious amount of hand copying andpaper shuffling involved in producingcritical texts of the Bible."The computer also makes it possible to

format the text in different ways," he added.With Greek and Hebrew side by side, forexample, or alternating lines.

Linguistics professor William Labov,director of the Urban Language Survey, hashis own PDP-I I, which has been churningout data on linguistic variables.According to Gregory Guy, a graduate

student in linguistics who is watching theLinguistics Lab while Labov is away for thesemester, the computer is "primarily used forvowel analysis. An analyzer gives you anacoustic analysis of speech sounds, as theyare being spoken."

In Labov's well-known study of Black

4

At top, Howard Brody, associatedean for computing In FAS, before the small computer In hisoffice. At bottom, Alfred Mann, a high energy physicist, demonstrates some of the elaboratecomputations more easily completed with the machine's use.

English, the computer was used, "forstatistical analysis of linguistic variables...like the verb to be,' "

Guy said. "Theoccasions on which (the verb) is used areoften influenced by linguistic and socialcontext."

In his office at Rittenhouse Labs, Brodypointed to an advertising flyer he hasreceived, noting with glee that "you can nowbuy the complete works of Virgil in machinereadable form for $30."What about the objection, sure to be

raised, that the computer is an anonymousmachine, not suited to the study of thehumanities?

"It's an anonymous machine, like atypewriter," Brody said. "But I don't seepeople rebelling against the typewriter."Through financial inducements, loans of

equipment and lavish attention, Brodyhopes to make the humanists' first expe-rience with the computer "so sweet, sopainless and so cost-free," that they willcontinue to use the computer regularly.

20 March 1980

Beginning next month. FAS will have anew computer for Brody to sell his col-leagues on. FAS is replacing its IBM 360-65system with a new IBM 4341.The old computer was "down" too often

and maintenance costs were rising "at analarming rate," Brody explained.The new machine will cost less to

purchase, less to maintain and will have theability to compute through terminals whichare to be installed in the university's high risedormitories. It will also be able to processinformation about twice as fast as the oldunit.The computer will be paid for by a grant

from the Department of Energy for highenergy physics, along with matching fundsfrom FAS. "The support of the computer:the budget for operators, the manager of thecomputer, the programmers, the paper... allcome directly out of our contract for doinghigh energy physics research," explainedProfessor Alfred Mann, physics, who headsthe University's high energy physics pro-gram.

"If you estimate the number of hours weuse the computer," he said, "you can figureout how much it costs per hour. Based onthat rate we set the charge for all other usergroups in the physics department andoutside the physics department. There aremore or less standard procedures for this."The physics department is the largest user

of computer time on campus, devoting mostof it to high energy physics, a popularspecialty among the faculty.Mann, a leading authorities on high

energy physics, explained that high energyphysics needs the time because the disciplineis so heavily dependent on probability andstatistics.To design a detector to verify whether

protons ever decay, he said, you must run offa large number of complex calculations,called Monte Carlo calculations, whichdescribe the interaction of the products ofthe proton decay with the material of theproposed detector.

"It is a great deal of computing," Mannsaid, looking over a thick printout. "If youdid it on a little hand calculator it would takeforever. On the computer it is a few-minutejob."The economics and sociology depart-

ments are also heavy users, sorting andanalyzing large amounts of data generatedby the markets and by surveys. Somebiologists, Brody noted, have asocial scienceorientation, and they too are using thecomputer frequently.

Rittenhouse Labs where Brody works arecurrently being wired for terminals so thatfaculty can compute from their offices. Abatch terminal is planned for the buildingwhich houses the departments of economicsand sociology, and an agreement has been

20 March 1980

reached with one ofthe University dormito-ries for the installation of a terminal roomthere.Together with Robert Douglas, assistant

dean of computing in FAS, Brody isdeveloping ideas to utilize the new capabili-ties. One idea is to run social sciencelaboratories where students will use compu-terized data from questionnaires or publicrecords to prove or disprove their theories.This is similiar, Brody said, to the waynatural scientists use computerized datafrom their observation of nature."We arealso looking into the possibility of

developing a single, introductory comput-ing, statistics, modelling course for all thesocial sciences at the freshman or sopho-more level," Brody said.

This would be an introductory coursewhere students would learn learn "whatSPSS is, what a FORTRAN-like languageis, what APL is, and things of that sort," heexplained."At the end of the semester they will do

some computing," but they will also have avery broad background in what the compu-ter can do for them.

Right now ifa student in FASwants to usea computer interactively, he or she mustenroll in a different program at the Univer-sity."The humanist should usethe computer as

a reasearch tool," Brody said. "It's a matterof whether the scholars want to go that wayor not."

-Max Lebow

Yeshiva University Decision(continued from page 1)

Sheldon E. Steinbach, staffcounsel for theAmerican Council on Education inWashington D.C. said he believes "the Courthas laid a foundation for all privateuniversities to come within the confines ofthe Yeshiva decision."

Here at Pennsylvania. ALMANAC spokewith several members of the Universitycommunity about the decision and itsimplications.

Professor William Gomberg, manage-ment and industrial relations, described thedecision as "well thought out," but believesthe Court "gave the decision to the Yeshivaadministration.

"While nothing can prevent the adminis-tration [of any university] from dealing witha faculty union if they want, they no longerhave to [as a result of this decision]. Thecompulsion is gone." he said.Although Gombergwould not want to see

faculty dependent on collective bargaining-"it is not an appropriate mechanism for auniversity like ours"-he said he feelsfaculty"should be able to have that weapon inreserve."

He believes the decision will more deeplyaffect private institutions "on the secondlevel"-those below the Ivy League andother top-rated universities-where collec-tive bargaining is really needed.

In general, those second-level institutionsdo not have the provisions for universitygovernance and faculty input into thedecision-making processes that are found atPennsylvania. Gomberg said.He agreed with Brennan's conclusion that

Powell's view of higher education "is aromantic one viewed through rose-coloredglasses."

"Powell's idea [of higher education]doesn't make sense in light of the modern

university," Gomberg charged. "Moderneducation has become big business in whichthe administration is constrained by budgetsand they in turn constrain the faculty."While the Yeshiva decision "has no effect

where there is no impulse towards trying toestablish collective bargaining, it means thatuniversities are free to refuse to deal withfaculty employees as a group," explainedProfessor Howard Lesnick, law.

University administration can "refuse torecognize faculty representatives for pur-poses of negotiating wages and workingconditions." he added. "It means they'relegally free to fire them, discriminate againstthem in hiring, and the faculty have nocollective recourse."

While universities now operating undercollective bargaining agreements will proba-bly maintain those agreements until theyexpire. "after that the university is free tosay. 'no more collective bargaining.'"

Lesnick added that the decision givesuniversity administration an unfair balanceof power. We generally have an idea in thiscountry that employees have a recognizedright to self-organization, he said. "Thisdecision denies that right."

Could the decision have implications forother groups of professional employees?Lesnick believes the decision does "encour-age management to resist the unionization ofprofessionals and gives them new ways ofdoing that successfully."

In an article for the AAUP. ProfessorRobert A. Gorman, law, charges that themajority opinion contains serious flaws:chief among them is the failure to under-stand modern university governance.

"... several members of the Court werebeguiled by the medieval maxim that the(continued on page 7)

On Campus

City Hail meets Oldenberg's Clothespin inUrban Encounters, the Institute of Contem-

porary Art's new exhibition, which openedyesterday in the Fine Arts Gallery of the FineArts Building.

March 20-March 29Items for On Campus should reach the Almanacoffice by noon the Thursday preceding desiredpublication.

20, ThursdayBlood Drive: The University Hospital seeks donations atZeta Beta Tau fraternity.Lecture: The School of Medicine presents the D. HayesAgnew Surgical Lecture featuring Dr. Ward 0. GriffenJr.. chairman of the department of surgery at theUniversity of Kentucky. on Morbid Obesisv-.4Surgical Disease'. Medical Alumni Hall. 4 p.m.

Movie: International Cinema presents the award-winning Cuban film Portrait of Teresa at the Interna-tional House at 7:30 and 9:30 p.m. Admission is $2.Music: Children's Carpet Concert will be performed inthe Annenberg Center Lobby at 10a.m. The concert isfree: juice and cookies will be served.Performance: Bloomers, the all-women comedy troupe.will open Late Bloomers in Houston Hall's Auditoriumat 8 p.m. Admission is $2.50.Poetry Reading: British poet Dannie Abse will read inAnnenberg Auditorium at 4 p.m. A reception for thepoet will follow at 5:30 p.m. in the Club Room of theFaculty Club.

Seminar: The South Asia Program hosts William Stappof the Smithsonian Institution on Photographic Imagesand India's Changing Views of Itself. II am, inClassroom II of the University Museum.

21, FridayMovies: Gene Kelly dances away in two musicals. On theTown and The Pirate in the Studio Theatre at 8 p.m.Admission: $1.50. International Cinema concludes itsscreenings of Portrait of Teresa with showing at 4. 7:30and 9:30 p.m. The matinee is $1. the evening showing,$2.

6

Performance: Bloomers continues with Late Bloomers,7 and 10 p.m. in Houston Hall Auditorium.

Skating: The University Ice Skating Club meets 4-6 p.m.in the Class of 1923 Ice Rink. Call 471-6241 or F12-8638for more information.

22, SaturdayConcerts: The Penn Union Council presents a night ofjazz with Jack Bruceand friends in Irvine Auditorium at8 p.m. Tickets are $8-$5.Some like it hot: for those who prefer classical.

guitarist Alan Krantz will perform at 8 p.m. in theHarold Prince Theatre for $4, $2.50 with ID.

Conference: The Wharton Women will sponsor anAlumni Conference on Planning for the Eighties:Emerging Alternatives. 8 am, to 6 p.m. in Vance Hall.

Dance: Collegium Musicum and the Cambridge CourtDancers present Shakespeare and the Dance in theAnnenberg Studio Theatre at 8 p.m. Admission is $4.$2.50 with ID.Movie: The University Museum's children's seriespresents The Little Fugitive at 10:30 am. in HarrisonAuditorium.

Performance: Late Bloomers goes on in the HoustonHall Auditorium at 7 p.m. and 10 p.m.

23, SundayMovies: Artsfest '80 brings the 14th Annual Tournee ofAnimation to the Zellerbach Theatre at 8 p.m.Admission: $3.The University Museum's film series features The 26, Wednesday

Wedding Camels at 2:30 p.m. Movies: Exploratory Cinema presents a program ofshorts at 7 and 9:30 p.m. in the Studio Theatre of theAnnenberg School. Admission is $1 for students. $2general public.

International Cinema brings a program of newsreelsat 7:30 p.m. to the International House, followed at 9:30p.m. by Koko. The Talking Gorilla. Each program is $2.

Poetry: Poet Janet Little presents Ceilidhe Unlimited, a

program of her literary works accompanied by her illus-strations. in the Houston Hall Art Gallery. Sand 7p.m.

Lecture: The departments of religious studies andphilosophy present Leszek Kolakowski. research fellowat All-Souls College. Oxford. on the ImpossibleLanguage of Religiou.s Faith at 4 p.m. in room 200 of

27, ThursdayBlood Drive: The University Hospital will collect bloodat the School of Medicine from 11:30 a.m.-6 p.m.

Discussion: Interacts will hold an after-performancediscussion with the cast and crew of Love Letters onBlue Paper at 2:30 p.m. in Annenberg Auditorium.

Lecture: The Undergraduate Psychology Society presentDr. Sally Green, psychiatry, on Marriage Counselingand the Problems College Students Face at 4:30 p.m. inStiteler Hall, room B-6.Music: The PennSingers perform Gilbert and Sullivan'sThe Mikado in the Zellerbach Theatre at 8p.m. Ticketsare $4 general. $3.50 students.The Penn Union Council will host a guitar show in the

Art Gallery of Houston Hall at II am.Movies: International Cinema presents The Stud Farm.a Hungarian film, at 7:30 p.m. and :Koko. The TalkingGorilla, at 9:30 p.m. Admission for each feature is $2.

Seminar: The Center for the Study of Aging bringsElaine Brody of the Philadelphia Geriatrics Center tothe auditorium of the Colonial Penn Center at 4p.m. todiscuss Aging and the Family

Sports: The NCAA men's swimming finals take place atHarvard through Saturday. and the national women'sfencing tournament meets at Ohio State University inColumbus through Saturday.

Music: The International House hosts Eastern Europeanmusic and children's folkdance from around the worldat 2 p.m. Cost is $1.50 for children and IH members. $2general admission.

in the Alumni Hall of the Towne Building.The Administrative Assembly Brown Bag Seminar

series presents Faculty Senate Chairman Walter Waleson Governance as Seen hi the Faculty in the Harrison-Penniman-Smith Room of Houston Hall at I p.m.

25, Tuesday.Blood Drive: The Universty Hospital moves its blooddrive to Hill House.Lecture: The School of Medicine hosts Dr. Barry L.Fanburg of the pulmonary division of the NewEnglandMedical Center and Hospital on Interactions Betweenthe Pulmonary Vascular Surface and the CirculatingBlood at 12:30 p.m. in th physiology library on thefourth floor of the Richards Building.Movie: Coppola's The Conversation will be shown in theStudio Theatre at 8 and 10 p.m. by the Penn FilmAlliance. Admission is $2.

Music: The University Wind Ensemble will perform atHill House at 7 p.m. Free.

Seminar: The Center for the Study of Aging will hostDean George Gerbner of the Annenberg School ofCommunications on Aging as a Social Role in theWistar Institute Auditorium at 4 p.m.

Colloquium: The graduate group in epidemiologypresents Mary Monk, department of community and

preventive medicine of New York Medical College onHypertension and Psycho-social Factors at noon inRoom Ill of the Nursing Education Building.

The Archaesus Theatre Ensemble, a

Washington D.C. professional theatre com-

pany, brings its distinctively delightful Ridicu-

Ie,iism'.s.'. to the Harold Prince Theatre on

Sunday, March 23, at 2 p.m.

ihe Penn Composers Guild will present newworks inthe Prince Theatre of the Annenberg Center at 8 p.m.

24, MondayColloquia: The Annenberg School of Communicationspresents Scott Ward, professor of marketing at theWharton School on Television Marketing andFamilyConflict: When. Where. Win and How at the Annen-berg School Colloquium Room. 4 p.m.The department of history and sociology of science

presents Professor Peter Weingart of the UniversitatBielefeld on The Ambivalent Public of Science andTechnology: Indicators of a Crisis of Legitimation,Smith Hall Seminar Room 107.4 p.m. Coffee will beserved at 3:30 p.m.

Seminar: The department of chemical and biochemicalengineering will host Dr. John Brady of StanfordUniversity on The DeformationandBreakup ofSlenderDrops in ExtensionalFlow: Inertial Effectsat 3:30 p.m.

College Hail.

28, FridayAlumni Event: Mask and Wig hosts Class Night at itsclubhouse. 310 5. Quince St.. with a performance ofDaze A Vu at 6:30 p.m. Admission, including show anddinner, is $20.Continuing Education: The continuing medical educa-tion program sponsors a course on Therapy inNeurology in Dunlop Auditorium of the MedicalEducation Building. Dr. Austin Summer is the coursedirector.

20 March 1980

Kintner Advocates Strong Defense

(continued from page 3)

it is reponsibile for the tabling of the SALTII Treaty, a move that Kintner does not seeas serious as others do. He does not believethe treaty furthers the interests of the UnitedStates, as much as it provides the Soviet

Union a means of seriously hampering our

own strategic position."The central argument to be applied to the

treaty is: does it enhance our security or not?I would argue that it does not," he said.

In his Chicago speech last fall, Kintner

explained his doubts about the treaty:"...while this treaty is not totally insignifi-

cant, by any means, its terms alone cannot

tell us much about the future of the strategicbalance, about the vitality of NATO, orabout the chances of peace and war.

"These critical issues will be decided

independently of what the Senate does with

the SALT Treaty... the importance ofSALTcan be assessed only within the fullercontextof America foreign policy, writ large; it is

simply impossible to judge the impact or themerits of SALT II in a vacuum."

Kintner would not totally abandon the

treaty, despite its imperfections."Our problems arise more from our own

inadequate strategic planning than from theSALT II Treaty. Consequently it will takemore than money to provide for America'sfuture security. We need to develop a moresuitable and more credible strategic doctrineand equip ourselves with the weaponsneeded to sustain it.

"Maybe after the situation in Afghanistanis settled, consideration of the treaty can

resume."The principle of coexistence, as fostered

by detente, "was at least encouraging."Kintner said. "Talking with each other isessential.

"We and the Soviets are people living on

the same earth," he added. "Although we are

deeply divided on many issues, the first

thing, the most important thing, is that wenot blow the world apart." -CA. V.

Yeshiva Decision

(continued from page 5)

faculty is the university. The Court majority

gave conclusive weight to the influence oftheYeshiva faculty upon university decisions

regarding personnel and educational policy.It rejected the arguments ... that facultydecisions are not based on the interests ofthe

particular administration but on concerns

regarding educational quality, and that

faculty decisions are generally endorsed bythe administration not because the facultyare managers but rather because of the

faculty's special competence as professional

employees," Gorman wrote.

Clyde W. Summers, Jefferson B. Ford-

ham Professor of Law, concluded that the

decision "is based on a premise that is a

perverse and primitive conception of collec-tive bargaining, one that assumes that

employer and union should be antagonistic.

"They view collective bargaining in a

schoolboy stereotype of cowboys andIndians," he said. "with employer and

employees battling it out rather than findingcommon interests on which to make amutual decision."

Summers explained that a "civilized and

mature" interpretation of collective bargain-ing should work to give employees a share inthe decisions of management. "Indeed, thewhole objective of collective bargaining isfor the employee to have a voice in decisions

that otherwise are made by management," hesaid.

Yet the Supreme Court determined that

faculty who have a voice in management can

have no collective bargaining, he noted.

In fact, however, "if collective bargainingsucceeds, it will result in a sharing of

authority which is characteristic of a mature

university system of self-governance."

Summers said he thought the decision

could have one of a numberofconsequences."The case may have very little conse-

quence because the decision is based on what

the court saw as being a method of self-

governance at this particular university," he

explained."In the next case [similar to this one], we

may find out how little voice the faculty

actually have in many of these decisions,"

Summers observed. "Few schools have the

kind of self-governance system that theCourt believed Yeshiva to have."

Additionally. Summers said, the decision

could effectively destroy university systemsof self-governance. "by putting it to the

faculty: you can have a system of self-

governance or a union, but not both," hesaid.

Summers believes that on any campuswith a "full and adequate system of self-

governance, you don't need collective

bargaining because you have everything thatcollective bargaining could offer."

Yet on those campuses without that well-

developed system. "collective bargaining is

appropriate."But he added, that one of the goals of

collective bargaining should be the establish-ment of a system of self-governance.

-CA. V.

7

The People's Light and Theatre Companybrings Abelard and Heloise to the StudioTheatreofthe Annenberg Centeron March 23at 8 p.m.

Discussion: Interacts will host a discussion of theproduction of Lose Letters on Blue Paper after the playat 9:30 p.m. in Annenberg Auditorium.Movies: International Cinema presents Koko. TheTalking Gorilla at 4p.m. in the International House for$I. followed by Imposters at 7:30 p.m. and The StudFarm at 9:30 p.m. Admission is $2 for each screening:director Rappaport wil discuss his Imposters alter it isshown.

Music: The Penn Singers production of The Mikadocontinues at the Zellerbach Theatre with performancesat I p.m. and 8 p.m.

Theatre Workshop: The Theatre Workshop 251 willpresent a program of student works in the StudioTheatre of the Annenberg School at 8 p.m.

29, SaturdayDance: The Penn Dane and Mime troupe will performin the Harold Prince Theatre at 2 and 8 p.m. Admissionis $2 for students: $3.50. general admission.Demonstration: A rose pruning demonstration will besponsored by the Morris Arboretum at the Academy ofNatural Sciences from 1-3 p.m.

Music: The Penn Singers stage the light opera TheMikado in the Zellerbach Theatre at 8 p.m.

Symposium: The Veterinary School hosts a felinesymposium at the University Museum. Call Ext. 4234for more information.

Continuing ExhibitsSir Peter Shepeard: CJlieered Works in the Faculty ClubLobby. Monday through Friday. 9 a.m.-9 p.m.The Shadow Catcher: ES. Curtis in the UniversityMuseum. Tuesday through Saturday. 10 a.m.-5 p.m..Sunday I p.m.-5 p.m.Urban Encounters at the Institute of Contemporary Artin the Fine Arts Building. Mondays. Wednesday-Friday. 10 a.m.-5 p.m., Tuesday. 10 a.m.-7:30 p.m.,weekends 12-S p.m.

Costume Exhibition in the Annenberg Center Lobbythrough March 29.

20 March 1980

Clearing the Fog in Academic Journals:Scholarly Writing Occludes Decipherability

Academic researchers write their resultsinan incomprehensible form, and it's becausetheir colleagues prefer it, according to aprofessor at the Wharton School.

In a study comparing management jour-nals, J. Scott Armstrong, associate professorof management, found that "the harder thejournal was to read, the higher its prestigewas ranked" by a sample of academiciansand graduate students.

Armstrong's article- Unintelligible Re-search and Academic Prestige: FurtherAdventures ofDr. Fox-came about duringa period when his own colleagues werediscouraging him from rewriting manu-scripts to make them easier to read. He thencame upon a hypothesis called the "Dr. FoxPhenomenon.""Dr. Fox was an actor who presented a

paper at three different medical confer-ences." Armstrong explained. "It was apaper on the use of computers in medicalscience. The speech contained things whichwere self-contradictory, meaningless refer-ences, and irrelevant bits of information-acarefully written script.

"Dr. Fox was well-received at all theseconferences, despite the fact that his speechmade no sense at all. People were asked atthe end what they thought of it and on thewhole they thought it was a rather goodspeech. Although they didn't completelyunderstand everything he had said, Dr. Foxcertainly knew his stuff."According to Armstrong, researchers

perceive that there is some advantage tousing big words and impressing people withdifficult language. "Dr. Fox," it seems, holdstrue for written as well as oral communica-tion.

In ranking 10 management journals for"prestige," Armstrong's sample rated thehardest to read the highest, and the easiest toread the lowest. Readingease wasjudged bythe Flesch Reading Ease test, which ratesrandomly chosen 100-word samples usingsentence length and word length as guides.Armstrong also took some sample para-

graphs from already-published works andrewrote them, changing only readability.For example the following "difficult" pas-sage:

to increase the probability ofkeeping a

customer in queue, theserver should attemptto influence the customer's initial subjectiveestimate ofthe mean service time togivehimthe impression that it is small, or attempt to

convince the customer that his time value ofservice is large.

is rewritten to read:You are more likely to ensure that a

customer waits in a queue f you can get the

person to think that he will not have long towait. Another way to do it is to get the

customer to think he will obtain much

benefit by waiting.

Respondents were then asked to rate thesamples for "research competence." The"easy" passages were consistently describedas less competent than the "moderate" or"difficult" versions of identical findings.Armstrong feels the biggest reason that

academic research is usually presented in anunintelligible form is that "there is nomotivation for the researcher to change."Academicjournals, he claims, prefer the lessreadable versions.

"I met somebody at Penn," he said,relating an anecdote from the study, "whohad worked on a paper, sent it out forpublication after it was in its fifth draft andgot back a rejection. Hethen decided to sendin the first draft, which was very hard tounderstand, to the same journal. And thatpaper got accepted."The study also suggests that researchers

may not feel it is worth the extra time-andrewriting can often take longer than anoriginal draft-to increase readability. The"publish or perish" dilemma of collegeprofessors is certainly a factor. Not only areacademicians forced to turn out a largevolume of published research, Armstrongsaid, but they publish in the "hot" fieldswhether they want to or not.

Readability can be improved in manyways. One means is lowering the use ofjargon in papers, which Armstrong claimscan be done without much lengthening ofsentences. Another method is simply chang-ing style, eliminating useless phrases andoverwriting. The bible for this type of

editing, The Elements of Style by WilliamStrunk and E.B. White, is a book whichArmstrong feels too many academicianshave not read.Not surprisingly, Armstrong's conclu-

sions have received only modest support.The Journal of Consumer Research askedfor 25 copies of the study to give to its"referees"-the people who choose thearticles. But, according to the study "fewjournals even list clarity of writing as acriterion in their instructions to authors."

Based on his research, Armstrongfeels it isunlikely that any clarity improvements injournals will be initiated by researchers."Clear communication of one's research,"researchers have been conditioned to feel, "isnot appreciated." The answer, then, is forjournals to stress readability in their articleselection.Armstrong suggests that each paper

submitted to a journal should have itsreadability calculated, and that this index beused in the review process. Then, he suggeststhat all articles published would appear withtheir readability indices. "This will help thereader to be aware that a failure tounderstand (the article they are about toread) may be due to poor writing," he said.And how easy is Armstrong's research to

read? His last book rated a 13 on theGunning Fog Index, another statisticalreadability system. The rating was equal tothat of the Wall Street Journal.The Gunning Fog Index for this article is

13.76.-Steve Fried

Penn Sophomore Dies; CriticallyInjured in Fall From Dorm Window

Thomas Crafton Keller, 19. Durham,N.C.. a sophomore at the University, diedTuesday afternoon at 12:30 p.m.. afteraccidentally falling from a dormitory Fridayevening.

University authorities said Keller, aresident of King's Court at 36th andChestnut Sts., had misplaced his keyandwasattempting to get into his locked room byclimbing out a friend's window next doorand through the window of his room.

Keller slipped and fell two and one halfstories to the sidewalk on the 36th St. side ofthe building.

Dr. Sam Fager, director of student healthservices, said Keller suffered head injuries

and underwent emergency brain surgery atthe Hospital of the University of Pennsyl-vania shortly after the accident, whichoccurred at 10:43 p.m.He was a sophomore in the Faculty of Arts

and Sciences. His father, Thomas, is dean ofthe business school at Duke University andhis mother, Margaret, was a recent unsuc-cessful candidate for mayor of Durham.

Keller will be buried at 2:30 p.m. today inMaplewood Cemetery in Durham. Serviceswill follow the burial at the First Presbyter-ian Church of Durham. The family hasasked that contributions be sent to thechurch in the deceased's name in lieu offlowers.

20 March 1980

Indirect Costs and theProvost's ResearchContingency Fund

By now, everyone is aware that the indirect cost

recovery rate for sponsored research is increasingfrom 55 percent to 65 percent for fiscal year 1980-81. In a number of cases, this will decrease the

available direct cost funds to principal investiga-tors to an extent that can seriously affect theconduct of their research programs. To mitigatethe negative effects on research of this rise inindirect costs, the Provost has established a

contingency fund to be administered by the Vice

Provost for Research.The new indirect cost rate will be applied to all

research awards which allow full recovery of suchcosts and which have a start date ofJuly I, 1980orlater. Existing awards (except USPHSgrants) andthose with start dates prior to July I. 1980 will bear

indirect cost at the rate approved in the award.

The contingency fund will be used only to

supplement sponsored research projects in theformer category for which additional fundingcannot be obtained from the sponsor to cover theincreased indirect costs. Principal investigators ofaffected projects should submit requests to Louis

Girifalco. 106 College Hall. The request should

contain the amount of money needed, a calcula-tion of how that amount was determined, the

specific use to which it will be put, and the

expected starting date of the award. The maxi-mum amount that can be allocated for each

sponsored project is 7 percent ofthe modified totaldirect costs ofthe program prorated for the periodbeginning with the award dateand endingon June

30. 1981.Awards which do not provide for full recovery

of indirect cost, provide for separate funding ofindirect cost, e.g. USPHS grants, or the amount ofwhich can be increased to cover the increased

indirect costs, will not qualify for support from the

contingency fund.It is important to note that the Provost's

research contingency fund will exist only in fiscal

year '80-'8l. Given the increasingly stringentfinancial condition of the University. the possibil-ity of establishing such a fund for future years is

highly uncertain.All deans, directors, department chairmen and

principal investigators are therefore urged to planfor fiscal year '81-'82 with the recognition that

high indirect costs will continue to be a growingproblem.Louis A. GirffialcoVice Provost for ResearchMarch 12. 1980

Effort Reporting

The accompanying article was prepared byAlfred F. Beers as the report of the A-21

Committee on Effort Reporting. Mr. Beers waschairman ofthe committee that designed the effort

reporting system which will be implemented on

July I. The committee included faculty, staff andacademic administrators. Its central concern wasto accommodate faculty views and needs to the

20 March 1980

greatest extent possible while still complying withthe requirements of OMB A-2l. I think theCommittee on Effort Reporting has performingwell given the nature of the federal requirements.

In conjunction with this report I would like toaddress several important issues that have beenraised by members of the faculty. Thefirst ofthesefocuses on the difficulty of completing the effort

report. Theform itself is simple enough, but it callsfor a compartmentalization of the intellectual lifethat is alien to the way we work. Many of us havetrouble separating our work from weekends andvacations and find it ridiculous to tryto accuratelyseparate teaching from research. In filling out theform, the only pragmatic answer is to make thebest estimates possible. This necessitates acceptingthe lack of precision that comes from trying to

separate overlapping and intertwined activities.We can do no more.A second issue is the use that might be made of

the data collected on the efforts as a tool for

supervision and appraisal within the University.This is most probably a remote danger. Depart-ment chairmen and deans know the faculty ratherwell, and the information on their activities iseither known to them or can easily be estimated.Effort reports will provide little that is new in this

regard. Furthermore, the faculty is intimatelyinvolved with University governance. Both the

governing structure and the tradition of the

University provide extensive protection againstarbitrary exercise ofadministrative authority. The

University administration will certainly be recep-tive to additional protection if it is needed.A possible use of the effort reporting system

would be in academic planning on an aggregaterather than individual basis. The effort reportscertainly provide data that could be an input into

planning and could have an impact on generalacademic decisions. To theextent that this is done,it will be necessary to recognize the degree ofarbitrariness in the dataand totakedue account ofall the academic qualitative factors. Whether ornot the results are beneficial depends on thewisdom of the people involved. In planning, thishuman factor is always present, and effort

reporting will neither add nor substract from it. Itwould simply provide another data base that mustbe used with care and judgment.

Another issue is the requirement that facultymembers complete effort reports whether or notthey receive support from federal funds. If this isnot done we stand to lose significant amounts ofmoney, and all academic and research programsare bound to suffer. The University administra-tion has therefore taken the position of encourag-ing everyone to comply witheffort reporting, eventhough we find it a distasteful and an unwarrantedintrusion into our internal affairs. To do otherwisewould put too much at risk.

Effort reporting is a result of federal require-ments of financial accountability. The fundamen-tal problem is that the manner in which this

requirement is implemented is not fully compati-ble with the way universities work. If there is asolution to this, it lies in the continuing negotia-tion between universities and government. Wemust convince legislators and agency personnelthat methods can be found to satisfy the require-ments of financial accountability without impos-ing unnecessary burdens on faculty, decreasingfaculty productivity or stifling creativity.

It is important to recognize that the administra-tion and staff, as well as the faculty regard effort

reporting with disfavor. All of us wish it woulddisappear. For over two years, the organizationsmentioned by Mr. Beers have fought for theUniversity position on A-2I. The result is betterthan it would have been without these negotia-tions but still is unsatisfactory in many respects.Our hope is that, as we continue our work forimprovements, government will gain a greaterappreciation of the nature of universities andrefrain from damaging the conditions that makeour contributions possible.The issue of the use of effort reports within the

University is an important one for the faculty. Ihave therefore asked the Senate Committeeon theFaculty to advise the administration on areasonable policy.Louis A. GirifakoVice Provost for ResearchMarch 11, 1980

Provost Vartan Gregorian102 College Hall/CO

Dear Provost Gregorian.In compliance with your directive of May 18.

1979. the Task Force on Faculty Time and EffortReporting has completed its work and submitsthefollowing report recommending an appropriatemethod for documenting salary charges forfaculty and professional staff to Federal grantsand contracts as required by Section J-6 (Com-pensation for Personal Services) of the OMBCircular A-21 regulations.

Section J-6 of OMB A-21 states that aninstitution has the option of adopting either asystem of monitored workload or a system ofpersonnel activity reports to account for thedistribution of salaries and wages of professorialor professional staff, whether such salaries andwages are charged direct or are required to bedistributed to more than one activity for purposesof allocating indirect costs. Section J-6 alsorecognizes that "in the use of either method, it isrecognized that, because of the nature of workinvolved in academic institutions, the various andoften interrelated activities of professorial andprofessional employees frequently cannot bemeasured with a high degree of precision, thatreliance must be placed on reasonably accurateapproximations, and the acceptance of a degree oftolerance in measurement is appropriate."

After examining both options, the committeerecommends that the Personnel Activity (Effort)Report System be adopted and implemented as ofJuly I. 1980 in order to support charges toresearch related to activities as well as to supportvarious components of indirect cost, for thefollowing reasons:

I. Our current system can be more readilyadapted to the Personnel Activity Report concept.

2. The Personnel Activity Report Systemprovides better accountability and auditability.

3. The Personnel Activity Report System canbe used uniformly for all categories of personnel.

4. The Personnel Activity Report Systemrequires less documentation and administrativedisruption to the faculty member.

5. The Personnel Activity Report System doesnot require the faculty member to predict thenature of his departmental effort in advanceof thebeginning of each semester.(continued on page 10)

(continued from page 10)

Having recommended a course of action to

satisfy the Section J-6 standard of OMB A-21, the

committee has discussed and offers some pertinentfacts with the hope that the University communitywill better understand the rationale for what manyof our colleagues have referred to as: "bureau-

cratic. paper producing, time consuming non-

sense." Indeed, since March 6, 1979. when the finalversion of OMB A-21. "Cost Principles forEducational Institutions," was published in theFederal Register. there has been much discussion

by faculties and administrators of this nation's

major research universities over several of the

Principles and their perceived impact on facultylifestyle.

Nevertheless, the University is bound to complywith the final A-2l cost principles unless or until

such principles are eliminated or changed, or risk

the loss of all Federal funding. The Association of

American Universities, the American Council onEducation, the Association of American Medical

Colleges, and the Council on GovernmentalRelations of the National Association of Collegeand University Business Officers along with other

interest groups have succeeded in tempering what

might have been an even more restrictive docu-

ment and will continue to press for further

changes. For now, however, we have little

alternative but to comply with the existingregulation. At risk for Pennsylvania is approxi-

mately $85 million, the precipitous loss of whichwould he disastrous to the institution and its

programs.The form of the new effort reporting to be

utilized by the University, will be familiar to most

faculty, since under Federal Management Circu-

lar (FMC) 73-8. (the current regulations) the

standing faculty have been completing a similar

type of annual effort report, albeit only for

indirect cost calculation purposes. The new effort

report will be required once for each semester andwill cover direct research, instructional andclinical activities as well as indirect activities.School, departmental and central administrative

personnel will be designated and trained to

minimize the additional paperwork effect on the

faculty, thereby making the additional adminis-

trative burden as innocuous as possible. However,

to be sure, these support personnel cannot sign a

faculty member's report nor allocate his/hereffort.

Finally, it would be temptingfor faculty with no

direct sponsored research activity to decide not to

report their effort. However, their committee

work, and other institutional support activitieswithin their department. school or University.generate funds from indirect cost recovery fortheir school and the University. These unrestrictedfunds are vital to the continuation of Universitysupported research. Consequently, all faculty and

professional personnel will be encouraged to

complete periodic effort reports.OMB A-2l. with its principles for identifying

faculty, administrative and staff effort throughPersonnel Activity (Effort) Reporting, is indeedwith us and will be effective July I. 1980. The

University will do all it can to minimize its impactin every affected area; however, there will beadditional administrative effort, paperwork, audit

requirements. etc. Failure to comply places all of

our programs at risk. We ask the Universitycommunity's cooperation. their forebearance. andtheir good will in the months ahead.

Task Force on Faculty Time and Effort

Reporting:Jacob Abel, Marstin Alexander, A/fred Beers

(Chairman). Kenneth Campbell. James Ferguson.Stephen Gale. Robert Lucid, Dennis Doughertt(ex-officio). Louis Girifalco (ex-officio). Anthonyl4erritt (ex-officio)

Senate Committee on Academic Freedom and Responsibility

Last fall I asked the Senate Committee on

Academic Freedom and Responsibility to con-sider whether the effort reporting which the

University intends to require of faculty and staff

represents a problem with respect to academicfreedom. Since the response of the Committee

may be of more than casual interest to manymembers of the faculty and staff, it is reproducedbelow.Walter D. WalesChairman. The Faculty Senate

Dr. Walter 1). Wales. ChairmanThe Faculty SenateBox 12 College Hall CO

Dear Walter:

In your letter to me of 20 November 1979

concerning "the draft effort-reporting forms (andinstructions) which the University is planning tointroduce on July I. 1980 in response to CircularA-2l from the Office ofManagement and Budget"

you stated "... I believe the most useful specificfunction that the Senate Committee on AcademicFreedom and Responsibility could perform would

he to comment on whether the use of these forms

presents a problem with respect to academicfreedom."The members of the committee have read the

documents you sent us and at a meeting on 20December 1979 came to the unanimous conclu-sion that although the reporting is a nuisance and

is undignified. it does not appear to us to be initself a violation of academic freedom. However,because the concept of "100% of the activity forwhich ... [one] is compensated by the Universityand which is required in the fulfilment of.. [one's]

obligations to the University" is so vague, and

because the faculty member must sign a document

attesting to the accurate division of this undefinedtime among several activities in spite of the factthat it is virtually impossible to allocate effortbetween say, research and preparation for

teaching when these overlap, as they so often do,or even between research or preparation for

teaching and consulting when they overlap, the

faculty member becomes a hostage to futureadministrators who may he far more venal thanthose we have become accustomed to or who mayfind themselves in a political climate very hostileto academic freedom. This constitutes a very realthreat to academic freedom.We are also concerned that the informationcan

he misused or misinterpreted if it is used in anypart of the faculty evaluation process. We believe

that the forms should be used for no other than

their prime purpose and should be destroyed oncethe information has been collated. Such destruc-tion would remove the threat we have discussed.However, if for some reason, such destruction isnot possible. the reports should he kept separatefrom the records of individual faculty members.Unfortunately that is minimal protection and if areason for the preservation of the indivdualrecords is overriding, that reason should be madeclear to the faculty and the professional staff.

We are gravely concerned that the requirementthat those who receive all of their Universitystipend from grant funds should spend 100% oftheir time on their funded research removes from

participation in the collegial process many of themost distinguished members ofthe collegiate, anddiminishes the vitality of the collegial form of

University governance which is in itself a bulwarkfor academic freedom. Furthermore, insofar asthe system of University governance is germane to

academic freedom,the development of a reportingsystem to comply without wide participation offaculty itself constitutes a dimunition of academicfreedom.We are also deeply concerned that the environ-

ment created by the implementation of A-2ltransforms the nature of University participationin the research process from that of a partner in

joint ventures with the sponsors to that of a vendorof services, a role not wholly consistent with thefundamental idea of a university. We therefore

urge the administration to explore the possibilitythat the major universities might act together to

resist this encroachment on our activities.In the meantime, we strongly recommend that

the University administration, to assure coopera-tion. carefully explain to all faculty and profes-sional staff the necessity for complying with the

reporting requirements until those requirementscan he satisfactorily modified.Robert F. DaviesChair, Senate Committee onAcademic Freedom and Responsibility

Members of the Committee: Paul Bender. RobertF. Davies, Alan C. Aors, Morris Mendelson.Ericj,i Miller. Phyllis LI Rackin. Ralph S.Spritzer Clyde W. Summers, and Susan M.Rachts'r.

Next week ALMANACwill examinesomeofthe fiscal and academic implications of OMBA-21.

20 March 1980

The following listings are condensed from thepersonnel office's bulletin of March 13. Because ofthe delay occasioned by printing schedules, theselistings should not be considered official. Somepositions may no longer be available.

Bulletin boards at several campus locations listfull job descriptions. New listings are posted everyThursday. Bulletin board locations are: FranklinBuilding: outside personnel office. Room 130;Towne Building: mezzanine lobby; VeterinarySchool: first floor, next to directory;Leidy Labs: firstfloor, outside Room 102; Anatomy-ChemistryBuilding: near Room 358; Rittenhouse Lab: eaststaircase, second floor; LRSM: first floor, oppositeelevator; Johnson Pavilion: first floor, next todirectory; Logan Hall: first floor, near Room 117;Social Work/Caster Building: first floor; RichardsBuilding: first floor, near maliroom; Law School:Room 28, basement; Dietrich Hail: first floor, outsideE-108.For further information, call personnel services,

Ext. 7285. The University i an equal opportunityemployer. Where qualifications include formaleducation or training, significant experience in thefield may be substituted. The two figures in salarylistings show minimum starting salary and maxi-mum starting salary (midpoint). Some positionslisted may have strong internal candidates. if youwould like toknow more abouta particular position,please ask at the time of the interview with apersonnel counseloror hiring department represen-tative. Openings listed without salaries are those inwhich salary is yet to be determined.

Administrative/Professional

Accountant 1(2694) S I0.375-S14.375.Accountant 1(2875) $!O.375-S14.375.Accountant 111 (2876) $14.850420.550.Assistant Director (2831).Assistant Director II (B0222) $14.850-S20.550.Assistant Director Annual Giving 11 (2870) $14,850-$20,550.

Assistant Director, Textbooks (2887)Assistant Director for Utilities (2789)$18,625-$26,250.Associate Development Officer III (2541) $18.625-526.250.Associate Director (B113) 514.850-520.550. No longeraccepting applications.Associate Director of Athletics (2710) $21,450-S30.225.Business Administrator I (B235) Establish and main-tain budgets for research contracts, grants, and sectionpayroll administration: provide reliable reports: variousbusiness and financial related duties: reports to financialadministrator (degree in accounting or business admin-istration: 2-3 years experience in University accountingsystem: some hospital experience preferred) $10,375-S14.375.

Career Counselor (2631) $1 2.900-S 17.850.Coordinator of Summer Sessions and Institutes(HI 12). No longer accepting applications.Deputy Director (02651).Director of Admissions and Financial Aid (2798)S16.125-S22,725.Director of Communications (2724) S28,325-$39.950.Director of Student Services (2799) $12.900-S17.850.Director, Upperciass Admissions (2752) $12,900-S 17.850.Editor (2905) production and editing of weekly journal ofrecord for University faculty and staff, containingopinions, campus newsand general information (collegegraduate: minimum 3-5 years experience in newspaper.magaline. public relations or similar field) $16,125-S22.725.Executive Assistant for DevelopmentandUniversityRelations (2772) 524,650-534,750.

Financial Analyst (2824) $l4.850-S20,550.Foreman, Repair and Utility (2689) SI 2.900-517.850.Heating/Ventilating Instrumentation Control Fore-man (2790) 512.900-517,850.Junior Research Specialist (4 positions) S10.375-5 14.375).Junior Research Specialist (2321) performs experi-mentswith early embryos of laboratory animals: collectsembryos, prepares media: cultivates embryos andembryo cells in vitro: separates proteins by electro-phoresis: mathematical tabulation of data and micro-manipulation of embryos: use of radioisotopes to

20 March 1980

identify the utili,ation of various metabolic substrates(B.S. or M.S. preferred: ability to learn quickly andwork well independently) 510.375-514.375.Librarian 1(2767) $1 l.250-$lS.850.Programmer Analyst ti $14.850-520.550.Programmer Analyst It (2909) provides technicalanalysis, design and programming support for variousbusiness, financial, and student systems: heavy usercontact (B.A. in computer science or equivalent: 2-4years experience in COBOL or PL/ I experienceutili,ing an IBM 370 MVS. CICS network and TSOenvironment: knowledge of JES. 2. VSAM and MARKIV preferred) $14.850-520.550.

Project Manager (2433) $16.125-S22,725.Regional Dctor of Admissions (2592) $14,850-$20,550.Research Specialist I (B247) responsible for operationand care of gas chromatography apparatus; heartperfusion studies and performance of experiments dataanalysis and writing papers: investigation of metabolicchain aminoand ketoacids in different tissues includingheart, liver, and brain synaptosomes and their interac-tion with other metabolic pathways: performance ofanalytical assays and general laboratory maintenance(B.A. with at least 3 years experience: interest inmetabolic regulation: experience with gas chromato-graphy) $11,250-S 15.850.Research Specialist lii (2 positions) $ 14,850-$20.550.Research Specialist IV (B0223) 518.625-526,250.Senior Systems Analyst 516.1 25-522,725.Superintendent of Construction and Repairs (2690)S14,850-S20,550.

Supervisor, Mechanical Systems (2791) $14,100-5 17.850.

Part-Time Positionsin Administrative/ProfessionalResearch Specialist 11 (2727) Hourly wages.Sixteen part-time support staff positions are listedon campus bulletin boards.

Support Staff

Administrative Assistant (B259) general administrationof lab including financial matters: secretarial skills(knowledge of medical terminology: typewriting skills:dictaphone experience: at least one year experienceworking with grants) 57.975-510.150.Administrative Assistant II (B253) sets up and main-tains fiscal records: reponsible for writing and imple-menting procedures for fee collections and maintainsadministration of out-patient care (45 wpm: at least oneyear University experience in professional fee collec-tions office) S7.975-$10,150.Admissions Assistant (2 positions) (2877) $8,625-S 10,950: (2889) 57,975-Sl0.lSO.Admissions Assistant (2899) responsible for mail.transfer admissions, telephone inquiries. counter inquir-ies: typing: respond to correspondence and maintainown files: assist in all phases of admissions work(experience in admissions work: excellent typing)$7.975-5 10. 150.

Animal Laboratory Technician (B238) Union wages.Assistant for Temporary Student/Medical Records(2879) completion and maintenance of fiscal and studentrecords: provides assistance to student; faculty/ staffregarding registration, student records and fiscalprocedures (high school graduate: some college and; orU of P records experience preferred: good clerical.typing skills: mathematical ability) S7.975-SlO.150.Assistant to LossPreventionSpecialist (2855) $6,850-S8,775.

Clerk 111 (2880) 56.875-58.750.Coordinating Assistant (2 positions) $8,625-$10,950.Electrician I (2794) perform necessary duties inconjunction with the operation of the University'selectrical system (experience in 3 phase power systems,electrical construction and installation of electricalconduit) Union wages.Electron Microscope Technician II (A913) $9,650-S12.225.Electronic Technician I (Bl44) 58.575-510.850.Engineer (2854) Union wages.Executive Secretary to the Vice President (2782)$10,000-S12,725.Herdsman I (B90) $5.500-57.025.Junior Accountant (02846) $7.975-S 10, ISO.MCST Operator (2482) 57.425-S9.450.Office Automation Operator (B220) 57.375-59.375.

Project Budget Assistant (B249) prepare periodicstatements on the status of current and expiredcontracts: prepare and maintain certain originalrecords, time records, salaries paid and projected; verifyexpense allocation into various accounts: responsiblefor preparation of periodic and final records andreports: maintain associated files (2 years of college withsome accounting coursework: some experience at theUniversity: typing of 60 wpm: knowledge of Universitybudgetary systems) 57,975-5 10.150.

Project Budget Assistant (2913) maintain expenditurerecords associated with research grants and contracts:verify expense allocations: prepare journal vouchers,requisitions, periodic reports. (aptitude for figures:bookkeeping experience) 57.975-S 10.150.Receptionist (B242) 55.900-57.525.Receptionist, Medical/Dental (B258) answers incom-ing calls and relays them to appropriate lab: responsiblefor departmental mail and office photocopying; typingof correspondence, manuscripts and grant applications(good typing skills) S6.875-S8,750.Repairs Expeditor (2776) S7,975-$10.150.Research Laboratory Technician I (A971) $7,575-$9,600.Research Laboratory Technician II (B200) S8.575-$10.850.

Research Laboratory Technician II (B251) performread ioimmunoassays and general laboratory research(BS. in some science, laboratory experience preferred)$8,575-S 10,850.Research Laboratory Technician III (3 positions)$9.650-$12,225.Research Laboratory Technician Ill (B252) performsgastric analysis on patients: draws blood for samples:keeps technical records for study and help establishprotocols: responsible for materials! equipment (B.S. orBA. in life sciences) $9.650-$12,225.Research Technician Ill (B0227) S9.650-$12.225.Residence Hall Clerk (2873) $5,570-S7,088.Secretary 11(9 positions) 56,875-$8.750.Secretary III (12 positions) S7.425-S9,450.Secretary IV (2901) arranges all appointments, confer-ences. meetings and travel arrangements: attendsmeetings, takes minutes: handles correspondence: draftsletters: (accurate shorthand or use of dictation equip-ment: accurate typing: minimum 4-5 years experienceand knowledge of the University) S8.625-$lO.950.

Secretary, Medical/Technical (6 positions) $7,975-$10,150.Secretary/Technician, Word Processing (2809)S7.975-$ 10. 150.Secretary/Technician, Word Processing (2896)

l.exitron word processor operator: transcribes and copytypes volume production of varied materials: proof-reads: revises: maintains appropriate logs and files(accurate typing, high school graduate with businesstraining: formal and or on-the-job word processingtraining) 57.975-Sb0.150.Stack Attendant (2857) Union wages.Stack Attendant (2879) Union wages.Statistical Assistant (2874) $8,626-S 10,950.Technician I (B92) $7.575-S9.600Technician, Physical Laboratory II (B-0169) $8,575-$10,850.

Technician, Veterinary (2 positions) (2864) responsiblefor work involving all general nursing services in theMedicine. Surgery. Out-Patient. Emergency. IntensiveCare and Isolation Sections ofNew Bolton Center LargeAnimal Hospital (graduation from accredited school ofveterinary nursing or 5 years work-related experience):(2911) responsible for work as directed for thesupervision of all general nursing services in surgerysection and operating room for New Bolton CenterLarge Animal Hospital: assist in guidance and educa-tional programs for nursing students (graduation fromaccredited school of veterinary nursing or 5 years work-related experience) $9.650-$12,225.

Text Supervisor (2886) S9,275-$11,800.Utility Person (2900) installs and relocates laboratoryequipment and makes minor repairs and performsroutine maintenance duties: sets up and operates audio-visual teaching aids: may perform emergency janitorialservices: maintains departmental directories and direc-tional signs: sorts and redirects mail: receives anddistributes equipment and supply deliveries: responsiblefor security of assigned areas (high school graduate; 2)cars related experience: ability to lift heavy objects:mechanical aptitude) Union wages.

A Capitol Tour!" The Institute of Contemporary Art willhost a special tour of the Capitol inHarrisburg including a special reception atthe Governor's home in honor of theInstitute's Made In Philadelphia Ill exhibiton April 20. The exhibition is in theGovernor's home from April 1 until May 23and features the works of Philadelphiaartists.The tour costs $50 per person, including

transportation and brunch. For moreinformation, contact the ICA at Ext. 7108.

Annenberg Center Artsfest" The Annenberg Center and Inter-Acts arehosting Artsfest 80, a festival of the arts atthe University through March 29. Musicalevents include the Penn Singers' presenta-tion of The Mikado and the University WindEnsemble in concert. Theater productionsinclude Bloomers' spring production, LateBloomers and the haunting love story. LoveLetters on Blue Paper. Film screenings rangefrom a Gene Kelly double feature to FrancisFord Coppola's thriller. The Conversation.For more information on Artsfest, call Ext.7038. For ticket information, call Ext. 6791.

'Hay Fever' Slated" The McCarter Theatre Company produc-tion of Hay Fever will replace ArthurMiller's Up From Paradise at the AnnenbergCenter. Starring Celeste HoIm, Hay Feverwill play the Zellerbach Theatre April 22-27.

The producers of Up From Paradise haveindefinitely postponed the productionbecause of funding problems; it will notappear on the Annenberg Center Series Zschedule.

Shakespearean Dance" Collegium Musicum and the CambridgeCourt Dancers will combine to perform thedances found in Shakespeare's plays onMarch 22 and 23.

Shakespeare and the Dance will beperformed in the Zellerbach Theatre of theAnnenberg Center on March 22 at 8 p.m.Sunday's show is at the Bluett Theater of St.Joseph's College at 3 p.m. Admission is $4for the general publicand $2 for students andsenior citizens. Call Ext. 6791 for reserva-tions for the Saturday show or Ext. 6244 forthe Sunday performance.The Cambridge Court Dancers are one of

the few Renaissance Dance troupes inAmerica. The shows are sponsored by theDepartment of Music.

Handel With Care" President Martin Meyerson and ProvostVartan Gregorian will sponsor a perfor-mance of Handel's Judas Maccabeus by thePennsylvania Pro Musica, Friday, March21, at 8 p.m. in St. Mary's Church, 3916Locust Walk.

Black Symposium" The Afro-American Studies, program'ssixth annual spring symposium will addressNew Black Middle Class Prospects March27-28. The symposium features eight well-known speakers ranging from writers ToniMorrison and Frank Yerby to Harvardprofessor Martin Kilson, as well as panelscomposed of national and local academicfigures.The panels and speakers will discuss the

prospects of the new black middle classwhich has been developing since the 1960s.The group is termed "new" to distinguish itfrom the older, community-service-orientedblack bourgeoisie. It will be held in theMembers' Lounge of the InternationalHouse. Call Professor Joseph Washington,Jr., director of the Afro-American StudiesProgram, Ext. 4965, for more information.

Weight Control Study" Subjects are needed for a study of newweight control medication. Participantsmust be at least 18 years old and between 10and 30 percent overweight. The study willextend over a 13-week period, and partici-pants will receive their treatments free ofcharge. Assistant professor of psychiatryMicheal Pertschuk is conducting the study.Call 662-3503 at HUP for information.

Cancer Grants" Through a grant from the American Can-cer Society, the University Cancer Centerwill provide support for biomedicalresearch throughout the University with"seed money" grants ($3,000-$5,000 maxi-mum) for the exploitation of new develop-ments in cancer research. Applications willbejudged on the basis of scientific merit andthe role that research support will play inthedevelopment of new research. Priority isgiven to new investigators. If funds permit,limited consideration will be given toestablished investigators embarking on anew direction.The Scientific Review Committee of the

Cancer Center will review applications andestablish priorities. Interested facultymembers are invited to obtain applicationforms from Ralph Czachowski, Administra-tor, University of Pennsylvania CancerCenter, 7 Siverstein/G12 (Ext. 3910 atHUP). The deadline for all applications isApril 15. Awards will be for a one yearperiod, not renewable, and will be effectiveJuly I.

Sigma Xi Nominating" Nominations for Sigma Xi, the scientificresearch society, are now being accepted.The deadline for applications is April I.Please send nominations and requests fornomination forms to Professor George G.McDonald, 358 Anatomy-Chemistry/G3.

Non-tenure Seminar" The Research Committee of the Univer-sity Council will sponsor a symposium onNon-Tenure Alternatives /br ResearchPersonnel: Present Status. Use and Abuseon March 21. 2-4 p.m.. College Hall Room2(X).

Robert Zemsky, director of planninganalysis and associate professor of Americancivilization will discuss The Incidence and/)i.strihuiion of Non-Tenure A((ruing Per-sonnel. Nicholas A. Kefalides. director of theconnective tissue research institute andprofessor of medicine, biochemistry andbiophysics, will address the issue of TheVieit,oint from the Institutes and Centers.

Faculty Senate Chairman Walter Wales,professor of physics. will speak on TheViewpoint of the Faculiv Senate. Louis A.(jirifalco, vice-provost for research andprofessor of materials science and engineer-ing. will round-off the speaker's programwith Some Unanswered Questions.A discussion of the talks will follow the

speakers. Panelists for the discussion are:Joseph Bordogna, associate dean for gradu-ate education and research. School ofFngineering and Applied Science, anddirector of the Moore School: James F.I)avis. associate dean of FAS and adjunctassociate professor of chemistry: James J.Fergurson. Jr.. associate dean for the Schoolof Medicine, and professor ofbiophysics andbiochemistry: and Richard C. Clellandassociate dean of the Wharton School andprofessor of statistics and operationsresearch.

Howard Myers, chairman of the researchcommittee of the University Council andprofessor of pharmacy will present theconcluding remarks, and Raymond S.Berkowit,. professor of electrical engineer-ing. will moderate the symposium. AllUniversity personnel are welcome.

Musical Treasures" An autograph manuscript of Johannes

Brahms, the only recorded copy of acollection of revolutionary songs publishedin Philadelphia in 1795. and the first editionof the full score of Joseph Haydn's Sym-phony No. 64 in A major are among themusical treasures from the Library's collec-tions which will be on exhibition in theRosenwald Gallery. 6th floor. Van PeltLibrary this month. The exhibition issponsored by the Music Department andorganized by Professor Otto E. Albrecht.

20 March 1980