Date post: | 16-Apr-2017 |
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Environment |
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Importance of Alternative Fuels
Prepared By
Mukesh KumarAssistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering DepartmentIEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
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Two hundred years ago, the world experienced an energy revolution that launched the Industrial Age. After two hundreds years, the industrialized world's thirst for energy had increased tremendously, that causes a serious energy crisis.
Introduction
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
Sources of energy
Non-renewableOilNatural gasCoal
RenewableSolar energyHydro powerBiofuelBiomassTidal energyWind energyGeothermalNuclear energy
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Energy Scenario
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
WORLD'S TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY
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% Oil Consumption in Different Geographical Region
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
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Crude Oil Reserves of India
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
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World Current Situation
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
Accelerated consumption of fossil fuels
Energy issues
global warming issues
Air quality issues
7Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
Renewable energy production in India
Wind energy-11.46%
Solar power-83.54%
Small hydro power -2.20%
Biomass power-1.96%
Major contributor states
Rajasthan-17%
Jammu & Kashmir-13%
Gujrat-8%
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Energy Security and Environmental benefits
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Fast Depletion of Fossil Fuel Reserves
Substitute to Diesel Fuel
Minimum /Without Engine Modifications
Renewable
Less Pollute/Eco-friendly
Decentralizing of production of fuel
Reduce the transportation cost
Self reliance in fuel to farmers
Need of Alternative Fuels
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
9Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
Resource of straight vegetable oils
Non-edible oils Edible oils
Karanja oilMahua oil
Neem oil
Cottonseed oil
Mustard oil
Sunflower oil
Coconut oil
Peanut oil
Soyabean oil
Jatropha oil
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Palm Coconut Jatropha curcas Rapeseed/
Mustard seed Sunflower Corn Soybean Peanuts Algae Used restaurant oil Animal fats
Bio-diesel feed stock
10Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
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Biodiesel
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Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. vegetable oils (edible or non- edible oil) and animal fats.
Biodiesel is produced from oils or fats using trans-esterification after mixing the oil with methanol and sodium hydroxide.
These oils and fats are made up mainly of triglycerides. when reacted chemically with lower alcohols in presence of a catalyst result in fatty acid esters.
Biodiesel can be blended in any ratio with petroleum diesel fuel. Its higher Cetane number improves the combustion even when blended in the petroleum diesel
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
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Biodiesel CO2 CycleNo CO2 Released ; No global warming
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
Use in Cars and TrucksOil Crops
Renewable CO2
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Inputs: ◦ Vegetable Oil / Fat (“Feedstock”)◦ Methanol/Ethanol◦ Catalyst - “Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide”◦ Water
Outputs:◦ Biodiesel◦ Dirty Water◦ Glycerine (by-product)
Biodiesel Production
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
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Sustainability Pollution threat Reduction of green house gas emissions Regional (rural) development Improved social structure & agriculture Rural electrification Job creation
Advantages of biodiesel
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
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Higher production cost.Biodiesel is more likely than petroleum
diesel to attract moisture.Poor low temperature properties.Requires rapid change of filters. Methanol is used in the biodiesel production
which is made from natural gas, a fossil fuel.
Mechanical Engineering Department, IEC Group of Institutions, Greater Noida
Disadvantages of biodiesel