Microbes in Agriculture

MicrobiologyCourse Instructor: Mohammad Manzur Sharif Sayeem.

Presented by

S. M. Jahid Mostofa

ID: 2015-1-77-033

What is microbes?

Microbes, or microorganisms are minute living things that are usually unable to be viewed with the naked eye.

Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses are examples!

Chemical in AgricultureFarmers use -Chemical Pesticides.Chemical fertilizers.In the last century, chemical fertilizers were used in agriculture. Farmers were happy of getting increased yield in agriculture in the beginning .But slowly chemical fertilizers started displaying their ill-effects such as: Polluting water.Destroying micro-organisms and friendly insects Making the crop more able to the attack of diseases.

Microbes in Agriculture

Microbes are harmful but some microbes are useful for our day to life.

Microbes in agriculture used as-Bio-control agent.Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer.

Biological control agents

First coined by Harry Smith in relation to the biological control of insects.

Biological control agents are◦Pollution free.◦Host specific.◦Expensive.

Biological control agents

BacteriaPseudomonasXanthomon

as

Herbicides/weedicides

Fungi

Beauveria Aphids, mealybugs , mites, white flies.

Phytophthora

Milk weed in citrus orchard.

Trichoderma

Soil bone plant pathogen

Biological control agents

Fungi DactylariaArthrobotrys

Nematodes

Protozoans

NosemaGrasshoppers, Caterpillars,

Crickets.

VirusesNPV(Nuclea

r Polyhedrosi

s Virus)

Gypsy moths,Caterpillars.

Aphid Milkweed Mealy bugs

Gypsy moth White fly

PseudomonasXanthomonas

Use as Herbicides.Suspension of such bacterial spores on

the plant.Not harmful for major crops.Weeds to be controlled.Ex- P. Protegens

Weed killed with herbicides

Beauveria

Use spore sprayed on affected crops .

Can be used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests such as aphid, mites ,mealy bugs, whiteflies, and many other insects.

Ex- Beauveria bassiana

PhytophthoraPalmivera

Pathogen for milk weed.Use spore sprayed on affected

crops .Ex- Phytophthora infestans

Trichoderma

Very important and famous for soil bone plant pathogen.

Generally grows in its natural habitat on the root surface and so affects root disease in particular.

Can also be effective against foliar diseases

Ex-T. harzianum, T. hamatum

DactylariaArthrobotrys

Make traps.Nematodes come this trapThey will effectively killed.Ex- A. oligospora

Arthrobotry

NosemaIt is available in powder fromIt is poisonous.Grasshoppers, Caterpillars, Crickets

eat the tender part of plants.They die because of nosema.

NPV(Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus)

It is also available in powder fromUnable to affect humans in the way it

affects insectsIt is transferred from insect to insect

through crystals in all of their bodily emissions.

Kill Gypsy moths, Caterpillars.

Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer

Pest can control by bio-control agents but what about the fertility of soil.

When palnt production or crops production is not enough chemical fertilizer can switch over biofertilizer.

It is nothing but either bacteria or blue green algae or some fungus.

These microorganism should be-

I. Fixers.II. Phosphate solubilizers.

N2

Biological fertilizer/ Biofertilizer

1Freeliving Fixing bacteria

2Freeliving

FixingBGA

3Symbiotic

FixingBacteria

4Symbiotic

FixingBGA

5

Micoriza

Azotobacter

Clostridium

Bacillus polymyxa

Nostoc

Anabaena

Aulosira

Rhizobium-Root

nodules in legumes.

Anabaena Azollae in

Azolla

Ectmicoriza

Endmicroriza

N2 N2 N2 N2

Free-living Fixing bacteria

• It is available in powder from• Convert atmosphere nitrogen into

nitrate and nitrite.• Increase the nitrogen contain of soil.Azotobacter

Clostridium Bacillus polymyxa

N2

Free-livingFixing BGA

Make special cells called heterocysts.

Heterocysts are cells that are terminally specialized for nitrogen fixation.

Use only paddy fields.By dead Nitrate and ammonia will

be available.Nostoc, Anabaena, Aulosira

N2

Symbiotic Fixing Bacteria

It is well known biofertilizer.Always associated with roots of

legumes plants.Take nitrogen from the air into

Ammonia which acts as a natural fertilizer for the plants.

Need higher amount of nitrogenRhizobium-Root nodules in legumes

N2

Symbiotic Fixing BGA

•Make special cells called heterocysts.

Heterocysts are cells that are terminally specialized for nitrogen fixation.

Use only paddy fields.Anabaena Azollae in Azolla.

N2

Mycorrhiza

Mycorrhizas are commonly divided into ectomycorrhizas (external surface of root) and endomycorrhizas (inside the cell).

They can absorb more amount of calcium, magnesium, Water and most important phosphate.

EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM

Developed by Prof. Higa in 1982. Was used in agriculture and

environment field.

EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM

Complex microorganism solution. It contains mainly 3 species such as

Lactic acid bacteria, Yeast, Phototrophic Bacteria.

Collected from food industries and nature

EM IN AGRICULTURE

Enhances the photosynthetic capacity of crops

Develops resistance of plants to pests and disease

Improves physical, chemical and biological environments of the soil and destroy soil born pathogens and pests

Microbes in AgricultureBio-control agent are

expensive ,safe then chemical pesticides.

Biofertilizers are cheap ,safe and renewable resources rather than chemical fertilizers.

At last microorganisms play an important role in Agriculture.

THANK YOU