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Importance of Tourism Planning
- Aritro Dasgupta
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Tourism Planning
Tourism planning is the dynamic process of determining goals, systematically selecting alternative courses of action, implementing the chosen alternatives & evaluating the choice if it is successful
Takes in to account inter-related & inter-dependent components like – political, physical, economic & social elements
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Tourism Planning
Usually top-down approach but often bottom up as well
More on strategy side initially, less on tactical
Strives to achieve objectives by matching available resources & programmes with the needs & wants of people
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Importance of Tourism Planning
Experience of many areas has clearly demonstrated that on long term basis, planed approach to develop tourism can bring benefits without significant problems
Tourism complicated activity overlapping several different sectors of society & economy
Can avoid unexpected & unwanted impacts of faulty tourism planning
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Stages of Tourism Planning
Macro Level: concerned with tourism development policies, structure plans, facility standards & institutional factors
Micro Level: detailed plans for tourism attractions, resorts, urban, rural & other forms of tourism development
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Major Benefits of Tourism Planning
Gives overall direction to purpose of tourism in the area
Maintenance of natural & cultural resources
Integrating tourism within overall development policies & establish linkage between tourism & other sectors
Providing rational basis for decision making by public & private players in tourism sector
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Major Benefits of Tourism Planning
Making possible coordinated development of different elements in tourism sector; inter-relating tourist attractions, activities, facilities & services
Optimizing & balancing economic, environmental & social benefits of tourism
Providing physical structure to guide location, types & extent of tourism development of attractions
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Major Benefits of Tourism Planning
Offering baseline for continuous monitoring of progress of tourism development & keeping it on track
Providing framework for effective public & private sector cooperation
Guidelines & standards for preparing detailed plans
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Approaches to Tourism Planning
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Integrated System
Tourism planning must be an integrated system
Must balance supply & demand sides
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Demand Factors
International tourist markets Domestic tourist markets Residents’ use of tourist attractions,
facilities & services
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Supply Factors
Attractions & activities Accommodation Other tourist facilities & services Transportation Other infrastructure Institutional elements
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Institutional Elements in Tourism
Organizational structures like government tourism offices & private sector tourism associations
Tourism related legislation & regulations like standards & licensing, requirements for hotel and tour & travel agencies
Education & training programmes to enable students to work effectively in tourism sector
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Institutional Elements in Tourism
Availability of financial capital to develop tourist attractions, facilities, services & infrastructure and mechanisms to attract capital investment
Travel facilitation of immigration, customs & other facilities & services at entry & exit points
Marketing & promotion strategies to inform tourists about country/ region & induce them to visit those destinations
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Planning for Sustainable Development
Achieving sustainability i.e. long term development has now emerged as most crucial in the tourism industry
Concept emerged in the early 1980s Involves preservation of natural &
man-made tourist attractions so that tourism can be viable at the destination for as long as possible
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Planning for Sustainable Development
Not just reducing environmental degradation & footprint to the lowest level possible; also improving natural capital as that will ensure greater tourist returns
Preserving local cultural heritage as much as possible
Limiting chances of the commoditization of cultures
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Techniques in Sustainable Tourism Development
Environmental planning approach: environment carefully surveyed, analyzed & considered in determining type & location of development
Emphasizes community based tourism; properties owned/operated by local community; instills feeling of ownership & reduces environmental & cultural erosion; reduces revenue leakage
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Quality/ Niche Tourism
Offering of best facilities at exotic locales to niche target market only
Usually hyper expensive Focus on quality at all cost Greater product customization for
individual tourists & strong personal touch
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Long Range & Strategic Planning
Concerned with specifying goals & objectives over long range of time
10-20 years time span looking towards future
Need to take in to consideration future changes in climatic conditions, economic developments, political upheavals & social mores
Contingency plans a must as environment volatile
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Strategy & Policy
0-5 Years
5-10 Years
10-20 Years
Development actions
Development strategy
Long range policy & plan
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Tactical Planning
Tactics refer to the intricate details of narrow targets/projects
In tourism tactics involves details on accommodation, facilities, price range, cuisine etc.
Sometimes ignores the long term benefit in facilitating short term gains
Thus coordination between strategic policy makers & implementers becomes crucial
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Top-Down Tourism Planning
Decision making by top management of area usually political representatives, senior bureaucrats & hoteliers of big chains
Strategic long term planning Decisions made on basis of
extensive data collected & analysis conducted
Decisions made for whole sums rather than small units
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Advantages of Top-Down Tourism Planning
Long term plans can be implemented Broad strategy can be framed taking
into consideration various stakeholders
Greater good can be taken care of even if it results in some losses
Large areas can only be worked by this approach
Less time consuming during policy formulation
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Disadvantages of Top-Down Tourism Planning
Sometimes ignores ground realities In the name of greater good, populist
decisions made to appease majority or more powerful stakeholders
Minute details may be overlooked leading to tactical problems while executing the plans
Greater chances of corruption at the top among policy makers
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Bottom – Up Tourism Planning
Decision making by top management of area with extensive consultation with stakeholders i.e. local panchayat leaders, tribal chiefs, small business groups, consumer forums etc.
Short to medium term planning Decisions made on basis of
experience & gut feeling Decisions made for small units one
at a time rather than whole sums
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Advantages of Bottom-Up Tourism Planning
Nitty-gritty & intricate details carefully studied
Small stakeholder groups’ considerations taken in to account as more democratic approach
Ground realities better understood as local provide inputs
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Disdvantages of Bottom-Up Tourism Planning
Too much interference of small stakeholder groups may result in only narrow interest groups appeased at the cost of isolating other groups
Greater chances of corruption among stakeholders as they wield enormous power
To much focus on intricate details may ignore the bigger picture
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Thank You