IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT

• The Tuesday and Wednesday lab sections will have a lab quiz next week

• The Thursday lab section (this section) will not have a lab quiz next week.

• People from the Tuesday and Wednesday lab sections are being required to take the lab quiz with the lab section they are registered for. If they attend lab on Thursday to avoid the lab quiz, they will receive a zero on the lab quiz.

• There is an announcement to this effect on the main course web page

( @ bioweb.html).

Nonvascular Plants

Bio 131 General Botany Lab

Phylum Hepatophyta

thallose liverwort gametophyte

air pores (causepebbly appearance)

note dichotomousbranching

rhizoids areunderneath

Phylum HepatophytaMarchantia,a thallose liverwort

photo by Ross Clark

Phylum HepatophytaThallose Liverworts

Marchantia gametophytes

Antheridiophores

Archegoniophores

Phylum HepatophytaThallose Liverworts

Marchantia gametophyte

cross sections

scales rhizoids(note pegs)

airpore

storage tissue (nonphotosynthetic)

storage tissue (nonphotosynthetic)

photosynthetictissue

photo by Ross Clark

photo by Ross Clark

Phylum HepatophytaThallose Liverworts

Marchantia gemma cups

gemmae

(found on top ofgametophyte)

gemma cups

gemmae

photo by Ross Clark

Phylum HepatophytaThallose Liverworts

Marchantiaantheridiophores

antheridial disk or splash platform

antheridia with spermwithin

photosynthetic tissue

Phylum HepatophytaThallose Liverworts

Marchantia

archegoniophores archegonial rays(archegonia hangunderneath)

venter

egg

neck

neck canal

rhizoidsarchegonia

Phylum HepatophytaThallose Liverworts

Marchantia Sporophyte

sporangium wall

meiospores (n) and elaters (2n)

calyptra

seta or stalk

foot

photo by Ross Clark

Phylum HepatophytaLeafy Liverworts

Frullania gametophytes

photo by Ross Clark

One of the obvious differences between leafy liverworts and mosses is that the leaves of leafy liverworts have dorsal and ventral lobes. The smaller ventral lobes are underneath the dorsal lobes, when you view the liverwort from above.

dorsal lobe

ventral lobe

Moss protonemata (Phylum Bryophyta)

Note the leafy moss gametophytes growingfrom the alga-like protonemata.

photo by Ross Clark

Phylum BryophytaMosses

protonema

This is from a prepared slide.Protonemata are normallybright green.

Phylum BryophytaMosses

Gametophytes and Sporophytes

(= sporangium; 2n)

(= stalk; 2n)

Note: Mosses do not have microphylls, because there is no vascular tissue.

calyptra (covering the capsule)

Phylum BryophytaHairycap moss

(Polytrichum)

Note: gametophytes (n) stalks (setae) – 2n sporangia (capsules) – 2n

photo by Ross Clark

Phylum BryophytaMosses

Mnium (= a moss genus) antheridia

This is the top of a malegametophyte.

antheridia

paraphyses= sterile structureswhich help to preservethe film of water

antheridial headleaves

All of these structures are haploid.

Phylum BryophytaMosses

Mnium archegonia

venter with egg within

neck and neck canal

paraphyses

All of these structures are haploid.

Phylum BryophytaMosses

Polytrichum capsule (= sporangium)

operculum (= cap)

peristome

columella

spores

a very well-worncapsule! (probably morethan a year old)

operculum

greenish-yellowmaterial consistsof the spores

Not a moss?!?Hey! . . . It’s Spanish Moss, a flowering plant (a bromeliad)

Spanish “moss” isn’t a moss,because it has flowers, fruitsand seeds.

That stuff that gets caught on yourfishhooks isn’t moss, either.

These aretrue leaves! (megaphylls)