Important communication talk - National...

Fermilab Program Pier Oddone, Fermilab

NAS Board of Physics and Astronomy, 2009

Outline

• State of the program and future evolution

Energy Frontier Cosmic Frontier Intensity Frontier

• Any other items the Board may want to discuss

P. Oddone, NAS Board on Physics and Astronomy2

The particle physics program

• We are after a unified and coherent framework to understand the world around us

• We have a beautiful and powerful “Standard Model” that organizes what we know and allows us to recognize the phenomena in nature that do not fit

• Multiple experimental approaches are essential


Three main thrusts

• The energy frontier: produce particles at highest energy

• The intensity frontier: the most particles for neutrinos and rare decays

• Cosmic frontier: study phenomena in nature


Fermilab: facilities and experiments


TevatronLHC

LHCLHC upgrades

MinosMiniBooNE

NOvAMicroBooNEMINERvA

LHCCLIC orMuon Collider?

Now 2015

LHCILC?

LBNEMu2e

Project X+LBNEMu2eν Factory

2012 2018

P AugerDM SearchesSDSS

P AugerDM: scalable?DES

JDEMDM searches

JDEM

Ener

gyIn

tens

ityC

osm

ic



TevatronLHC

LHCLHC upgrades

LHCCLIC orMuon Collider ?

Now 2015

LHCILC?

2012 2018

Ener

gy

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

Green curve: same rates as 09

Tevatron Performance: Run II from 2002 to 2009


FY09

FY10

FY08

FY07

FY05

FY03FY02

FY06

FY04

year year

Coming back very fast after a long shutdown

Int. Lum / week Total Luminosity

Ran ~20 months without a long shutdown

Initial instantaneous lum ~ 3 x 1032 cm-2s-1

Precision Higgs constraints


Now mH < 157 GeV @95%CL (mH < 186 GeV when LEP limit inclued)

with 10 fb-1 mH < 117 GeV @95%CL (δmW=15MeV, δmt=1GeV)

Tevatron and LEP2 (prel.)

mH = 87+35-26 GeV

The Higgs Search• Over the last years,

there’s been a dramatic infusion of people, effort and ideas, aimed at finding the Higgs


• The SM Higgs (if it exists) is being produced NOW

Just not that often & it’s buried in “backgrounds”

It will take luminosity, persistence and luck

SM Higgs Search Result: November


Update and new Tevatron combination expected for HCP conference in November

CDF Prelim. 2.0-4.8 fb-1 DØ Prelim. 0.9-5.0 fb-1

September 10, 2008

• The LHC has first closed orbit; 300 press outfits at CERN; hoopla everywhere


September 19th, 2008

• The demons take over: a quench at one of the splices leads to failure of a splice, arc that vaporizes vacuum pipe and six tons of superfluid helium spill and overpressure the many cryostats


The LHC repairs in detail

P. Oddone, NAS Board on Physics and Astronomy

Tracker Insertion: Dec’07CMS Detector


US involvement is huge!


Exp. Univ. Labs. % CMS 47 1 34%ATLAS 34 4 23%ALICE 11 3 4%LHCb 1 1%

The LHC provides a great opportunity to the US HEP community for the next two decades

LHC has been the largest investment in HEP over the last decade of both capital and human resources

It is important to continue to be a good partner to CERN


Lepton colliders beyond LHC

LHC Results

ILC Enough

ILC not enough

CLIC

Muon collider

or

or

By far the easiest!

P. Oddone, NAS Board on Physics and Astronomy

ILC/Project X technology at Fermilab

Vertical Test Stand

Horizontal Test Stand

1st cryomodule

17

Muon Collider R&D

• For a machine of greater energy than the ILC:

Together with the existing collaboration on muon collider and neutrino factory we have proposed to carry out feasibility study in the next few years

Several aspects require new technologies: mostly in capturing and cooling muon beams

Time scale for either CLIC or a muon collider is well beyond a possible ILC



Muon collider layout


4 TeV



Now 20152012 2018

P AugerCDMSCOUPPSDSS

P AugerP Auger North?DM: scalable?DES

JDEMDM searchesHolometer?

JDEM

Cos

mic

Intensity Frontier


MinosMiniBooNEArgoNeut

NOvAMicroBooNEMINERvA

Now 2015

LBNEMu2e

Project X+LBNEMu2eν Factory

2012 2018

Inte

nsity

Two avenues to real understanding !


Intensity frontier: the most particles

Allows the study of neutrinos and rare process

Sensitive to physics far beyond the LHC, but only indirectly

Need to measure multiple processes

LHC: direct production of heavy particles

Wonderful direct discoveries of physics beyond the Standard Model

Very difficult and often impossible to study how new particles couple to each other and to ordinary particles

Need both for a complete understanding

Interplay: LHC Intensity Frontier


LHC

nothing

Lots

Intensity Frontier

Only handle on the next energy scale

Determine/verifystructure of new physics. Anything beyond?

Example: early discovery at LHC

• ATLAS discovers strongly coupled SUSY

• A host of new particles: fit roughly some masses, make assumption on couplings


˜ q

˜ g

dark matter candidate χ01

χ01~

~

Missing ET

Large effects in kaon decay rates


d dW

Z

quarks

dd

WW

ν

νν

ν

s d quarkss

lepts

d

d d

squarks

dd

ν

νν

ν

s d squarkss

slepts

d

χ

χ

χχ

SM: ΚL π0 ν ν

BSM: ΚL π0 ν ν

For particular classes of SUSY

• Large effect on rare K decay modes highly suppressed with SM particles

• Much higher SM backgrounds in B and C decays


]4[]3[00

]2[151051

]1[

10

)CL %90( 670 04.0280

731 070850 )(

Experiment (SM)Theory )10( Ratio Branching Decay

<±→

±→

×

+++

.K...K

L

..-

ννπ

γννπ

Or models with extra dimensions


+ one sigma

Same for many other experiments

• Neutrinos LBNE

• Proton decay (same detector as LBNE)

• Charged lepton number violation experiments

• Other rare decays


Central to intensity frontier: neutrinos

• Only weak interactions: very small cross sections >> hard to study

• Need large flux of particles and massive detectors

• Complementary to LHC: measure neutrino parameters (new symmetries?), neutrino masses, matter-antimatter symmetry violation and surprises.

• Long base-line and high intensities


L = 1290 km

31 P. Oddone, NAS Board on Physics and Astronomy


Intensity frontier: DUSEL

Mu2e can probe 103 – 104 TeV


Compositeness

SUSY

Model Parameter

New PhysicsScale (TeV)

MEG Experiment

with Project X

pre-Project X

Ultimately will need Project X

• Provide the most powerful beam of neutrinos to the Homestake site for the highest parameter reach in neutrino physics

• Provide the most intense proton beams for muon, kaon, low energy neutrino physics and other possible applications – without affecting the neutrino program

• Develop Project X to serve as the front end of future facilities like a neutrino factory or muon collider


Evolution of the Project X concept

• Originally an 8 GeV pulsed linac (5Hz, 1 msec pulses) with accumulation in the Recycler storage ring and acceleration to high energy in the Main Injector


OriginalIdea

Project X and LBNE to Homestake

• 5% of the time line, the 2 GeV linac feeds a simple Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), 500m circumference, to strip, accumulate and boost the energy to 8 GeV

• Six pulses of the SAB are transferred to the recycler, filling the existing recycler, and every 1.4 sec transferred to the Main Injector for acceleration to high energies (60 GeV to 120 GeV)


2 MW toDUSEL

Project X and 8 GeV beams

• 8/14 RCS cycles are available for an 8 GeV program driven by a fast spill (single turn). An example is a much upgraded muon g-2

• Slow extraction as needed for rare processes is very limited from circular machines: only method is resonance extraction which is “rad dirty” and limits extraction to 10s of kW.


8 GeVFast spill

Project X and 2 GeV beams

• The greatest potential for rare processes comes from 2 MW continuous beam. Intensity experiments need continuous beam: pile up is the main limitation in pulsed beams


2 MW at 2+ GeV

Project X

• By a large margin, the best machine in the world at the intensity frontier for neutrino, kaon and muon beams

• Would maintain the vitality of the domestic US program by creating many physics opportunities; more than 1000 users

• Would develop and exercise the technologies to position the US to host a global facility at the energy frontier (or contribute to one elsewhere)

• Attract major international participation


In conclusion

• Fermilab together with the community are developing a vital national program that is complementary to the LHC

• This program fits within the financial envelope predicted for Office of Science in the next few years

• The program has flexibility: can adapt to future results and funding scenarios


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