Nicknames Of Indian Cities General Awareness6Nicknamesare formulated for cities to showcase the citiesuniqueness or Strength or Distinction among other cities.So Indian cities also have been distinguished from other cities with their nick names. So here is thecomplete list of nicknames of Indian cities, which are tabulated State-wisewith respect to memorizing easily and also for the benefit of aspirants appearing forState Wise Selection Commission exams and other competitive exams.S.NoCity NameNick Names
1Hyderabad-Secunderabad (Telangana)Twin City
2Hyderabad (Telangana)City of Nizams, City of Pearls, Bangle City, Hitech City
3Tenali (Andhra Pradesh)Andhra Paris
4Guntur (Andhra Pradesh)City of Chillies, City of Spices
5Bhimavaram (Andhra Pradesh)Secon Bardoli of India
6Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh)Cultural City
7Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh)Fertilizer City, Pensioners Paradise, Second Madras
8Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh)Place of Victory, Land of Victory
9Amritsar (Punjab)Golden City
10Patiala (Punjab)Royal City
11Muzzaffarpur (Bihar)Lychee City
12Ahmadabad (Gujarat)Manchester of India, Boston of India
13Palanpur (Gujarat)City of Diamonds, Flower City
14Surat (Gujarat)Diamond City
15Bardoli (Gujarat)Butter City
16Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh)City of Lakes
17Mundi (Madhya Pradesh)Power Hub City
18Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir)City of Rivers
19Panipat (Haryana)City of Weavers, Eco-City
20Gurgaon (Haryana)Millennium City
21Allahabad or Prayag (Uttar Pradesh)Abode of the God, Sangam City, City of Prime Ministers
22Agra (Uttar Pradesh)Taj Nagari, Petha Nagari
23Varanasi or Benares or Banaras or Kashi (Uttar Pradesh)City of Temples, Holy City, Religious Capital of India
24Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh)Leather City, Manchester of the East
25Meerut (Uttar Pradesh)SportsCapital of India, Scissor City
26Luck now (Uttar Pradesh)City of Nawabs, City of Marbels, City of Elephants
27Mysore (Karnataka)Sandal Wood City
28Coorg (Karnataka)Scotland of India
29Auroville (Pondicherry)City of Dawn
30Jamshedpur (Jharkhand)Steel city, Pittsburg of India
31Dhanbad (Jharkhand)Coal Capital of India
32Udaipur (Rajasthan)Lake City, White City, Venice of the East
33Jaipur (Rajasthan)Pink City, City of Palaces, Paris of India
34Jodhpur (Rajasthan)Sun City, Blue City
35Jaisalmer (Rajasthan)Golden City
36Tezpur (Assam)City of Blood
37Bhuvaneshwar (Orissa)Temple City
38Cuttack (Orissa)Silver City
39Yavatmal (Maharashtra)Cotton City
40Mumbai (Maharashtra)City of Seven Islands, Gateway of India, Hollywood of India, City of Dreams
41Thane (Maharashtra)City of Lakes
42Nasik (Maharashtra)Grape City, Wine Capital
43Pune (Maharshtra)Deccan Queen
44Nagpur (Maharashtra)City of Orange
45Kolhapur (Maharashtra)City of Wrestlers
46Ichalkaranji(Maharashtra)Manchester of Maharashtra
47Bengaluru or Bangalore (Karnataka)Garden City, Electronic City, Silicon Valley, Space City, Pensioners Paradise
48Yercaud (Tamil Nadu)Poor Mans Ooty
49Vaniyambadi (Tamil Nadu)Leather City of South India
50Salem (Tamil Nadu)Mango City
51Namakkal (Tamil Nadu)Egg City
52Tiruchirappali or Trichy (Tamil Nadu)Rock Fort City, Energy Equipment & Fabrication Capital of India
53Nilgris (Tamil Nadu)Blue Mountains
54Chennai (Tamil Nadu)Gateway of South India, Detroit of Asia or India, Motor city of India,Bankingcapital of India, Autohub of India
55Madurai (Tamil Nadu)City of Festivals, Temple City, Sleepless City
56Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)Manchester of the South, Textile city of India, Capital of Kongu Nadu, Engineering City of India
57Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu)Pearl City, Pearl Harbor of India
58Rishikesh (Uttarkand)City of Sages, Yoga City
59Nainital (Uttarkhand)City of Lakes
60Mussorie (Uttarakhand)Hill Queen City
61Kollam (Kerala)Cashew Capital of the World, Prince of Arabian Sea
62Alappuzha (Kerala)Venice of the East
63Trivandrum (Kerala)City of Statues
64Kochi or Cochin (Kerala)Queen of Arabian Sea, Garden of Spices
65Kolkatta (West Bengal)City of Castles, City of Buildings
66Asansol (West Bengal)Land of Black Diamonds
67Darjeeling (West Bengal)The Queen of the Hills
68Durgapur (West Bengal)Ruhr of India
69Malda (West Bengal)Mango City
70Siliguri (West Bengal)Gateway of North East India, City of Hospitality
71Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh)Land of Rising Sun
72Dispur (Assam) (A locality in the Guwahati city, which is capital of Assam)City of Temples
73Guwahati (Assam)City of Eastern Astrology, City of Temples, Gateway of North East India
74Shillong (Meghalaya)Scotland of the East
75New Delhi (NCR-National Capital Region)City of Rallies
76Noida (NCR)IT Capital of NCR
Tricky Countries Capital List General AwarenessMemorizing list of the countrys capital is a tedious task. So most people memorize the important capitals of the world. But there issome countrys capital which confuses or tricks you in the examinations.So here I have listed outsome important capitals of the world countries that are easy, that confuses you often, that have more than one capital. I also have written some of the facts or notes which make you to remember the capitals easier. Thus thelist of tricky countries capital listare as followsS.NoCountriesCapitalNotes/Points to note for easy remembrance
1.SingaporeSingaporeSingapore is a small country expanded by land reclamation. Easy to remember.
2.Vatican CityVatican CitySmallest Internationally recognized Independent state by area and population. Easy to remember.
3.AustraliaCanberraLargest Inland city is Canberra. Most of the cities you heard of are in the coastal area like Adelaide, Melbourne, and Gold coast, Newcastle, Brisbane, Perth and Sydney. Canberra is a planned city after a settlement was made between rivals Sydney and Melbourne.
4.CanadaOttawaToronto is the most populous city and hosts Toronto stock Exchange. Toronto headquarters 5 largest banks. So Toronto is the commercial capital of Canada, not the national capital.
5.BelizeBelmopanThe only country in Central American to haveEnglishalso as National Language. Belize city is the largest city.
6.BrazilBrasiliaBrasilia was planned and founded in 1960, to move the capital from Rio de Janeiro to a central location.
7.Burma/MyanmarNaypyitawThe capital was moved from Yangoon (Rangoon) to give a strategic position centrally to provide stability to other areas of the country.
8.ChinaBeijingNot to be confused with Shanghai. As Shanghai is the world most populous city, global financial center and worlds busiest container port but not the capital of China.
9.El SalvadorSan SalvadorEn Salvador is the most populated district and also hosts most of the MNCs & Banks as its Head Quarters. It also has a World Trade Center.
10.GuatemalaGuatemala CityNot to be confused with Guantanamo detention camp, run by USA.
11.GuineaConakryIt is also called French Guineau. It was formerly a French colony.
12.Guineau-BissauBissauEasy to remember. Was formerly a Portuguese colony. It is also called Portuguese Guineau.
13.Equatorial GuineauMalaboOyala is the planned city and future capital which is under construction. Equatorial Guineau was formerly a Spanish colony.
14.EquadorQuitoQuito lies near the Earths Equator line.
15.GhanaAccraAccra lies near the Earths Equator line.
16.KazakhstanAstanaAkmola was renamed as Astana. It was formed only in 1997 after moving the capital from Almaty. Astana is the second coldest capital in the world. First new capital of 21st century. Astana is a Kazak title meaning Capital.
17.KuwaitKuwait CityEasy to remember.
18.LuxembourgLuxembourg CityEasy to remember.
19.NauruYarenNauru is the worlds second least populated state next to Vatican City.
20.PanamaPanama CityEasy to remember.
21.San MarinoSan MarinoEasy to remember.
22.South AfricaPretoria, Bloemfontein, Cape TownHas three capitals namely Capetown (Legislative), Pretoria (Executive) and Bloemfontein (Judicial). Pretoria is the de facto capital.
23.Sri LankaColombo, Sri Jayawardenepura KotteHas two capitals namely Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (Administrative) and Colombo (Commercial).
24.SwitzerlandBernBern is the de facto capital or Federal capital. Not to confuse with Zurich, Geneva and Basel.
25.TunisiaTunisEasy to remember. Housed the Arab League (League of 22 Arab nations) HQ from 1979-1990 during Egypts peace with Israel. In 1970-2003 also housed Palestine Liberation Organisation as it was bombed by the Israeli Air Force.
26.United Arab EmiratesAbu DhabiNot to be confused with Dubai, as it is the global hub for tourism, retail and finance. Dubai and Abu Dhabi are the only two emirates to have veto power over major matters in the UAEs legislature.
27.VietnamHanoiHo Chi Minh city is the largest city in Vietnam but not the capital.
28.United States of AmericaWashington D.CPlanned capital and selected by President George Washington. Not to be confused with New York city as it is the head quarters to United Nations, cultural and financial capital of the world. D.C stands for District of Columbia.
List of waterfalls in IndiaWaterfallHeightLocation
Kunchikal Falls455 meters (1,493 ft)Shimoga district, Karnataka
Barehipani Falls399 meters (1,309 ft)Mayurbhanj district, Odisha
Langshiang Falls337 meters (1,106 ft)West Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
Nohkalikai Falls335 meters (1,099 ft)East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
Nohsngithiang Falls315 meters (1,033 ft)East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
Dudhsagar Falls310 meters (1,020 ft)Karnataka, Goa
Kynrem Falls305 meters (1,001 ft)East Khasi Hills district, Meghalaya
Meenmutty Falls300 meters (980 ft)Wayanad district, Kerala
Thalaiyar Falls297 meters (974 ft)Dindigul district, Tamil Nadu
Barkana Falls259 meters (850 ft)Shimoga district, Karnataka
Jog Falls253 meters (830 ft)Sagar, Karnataka
Khandadhar Falls244 meters (801 ft)Sundargarh district, Odisha
Vantawng Falls229 meters (751 ft)Serchhip district, Mizoram
Penchalakona Falls219 meters (719 ft)Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh
Kune Falls200 meters (660 ft)Lonavla, Maharashtra
Soochipara Falls200 meters (660 ft)Wayanad district, Kerala
Magod Falls198 meters (650 ft)Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka
Hebbe Falls168 meters (551 ft)Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka
Duduma Falls175 meters (574 ft)Koraput district, Odisha
Joranda Falls157 meters (515 ft)Mayurbhanj district, Odisha
Palani Falls150 meters (490 ft)Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh
Lodh Falls143 meters (469 ft)Latehar district, Jharkhand
Bishop Falls135 meters (443 ft)Shillong, Meghalaya
Chachai Falls130 meters (430 ft)Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh
Keoti Falls130 meters (430 ft)Rewa district, Madhya Pradesh
Kalhatti Falls122 meters (400 ft)Chikkamagaluru district, Karnataka
Beadon Falls120 meters (390 ft)Shillong, Meghalaya
Keppa Falls116 meters (381 ft)Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka
Koosalli Falls116 meters (381 ft)Udupi, Karnataka
Pandavgad Falls107 meters (351 ft)Thane, Maharashtra
Rajat Prapat107 meters (351 ft)Hoshangabad district, Madhya Pradesh
Bundla Falls100 meters (330 ft)Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh
Shivanasamudra Falls98 meters (322 ft)Mysore, Karnataka
Agaya Gangai92 meters (302 ft)Tamil Nadu
Lower Ghaghri Falls98 meters (322 ft)Latehar district, Jharkhand
Hundru Falls98 meters (322 ft)Ranchi district, Jharkhand
Sweet Falls98 meters (322 ft)Shillong, Meghalaya
Gatha Falls91 meters (299 ft)Panna district, Madhya Pradesh
Teerathgarh Falls91 meters (299 ft)Baster district, Chhattisgarh
Kiliyur Falls91 meters (299 ft)Yercaud, Tamil Nadu
Kedumari Falls91 meters (299 ft)Udupi district, Karnataka
Muthyala Maduvu Falls91 meters (299 ft)Bangalore, Karnataka
Palaruvi Falls91 meters (299 ft)Kollam district, Kerala
Kuntala Falls45 meters (148 ft)Nirmal, Telangana
Important Rivers in India
Length of some important Indian RiversSl. No.RiverLength (km)
1Indus3,200
2Brahmaputra2,900
3Ganga2,525
4Godavari1,465
5Narmada1,312
6Krishna1,290
7Mahanadi890
8Kaveri760
State-Wise details of Rivers CoveredS. No. StateRiver
1Andhra PradeshGodavari & Musi
2BiharGanga
3DelhiYamuna
4GoaMandovi
5GujaratSabarmati
6HaryanaYamuna
7JharkhandDamodar, Ganga & Subarnarekha
8KarnatakaBhadra, Tungabhadra,Cauvery, Tunga & Pennar
9KeralaPamba
10Madhya PradeshBetwa, Tapti, Wainganga, Khan, Narmada, Kshipra, Beehar, Chambal & Mandakini.
11MahrashtraKrishna, Godavari, Tapi and Panchganga
12NagalandDiphu & Dhansiri
13OrissaBrahmini & Mahanadi
14PunjabSatluj
15RajasthanChambal
16SikkimRani Chu
17Tamil NaduCauvery, Adyar, Cooum, Vennar, Vaigai & Tambarani
18Uttar PradeshYamuna, Ganga & Gomti
19UttranchalGanga
20West BengalGanga, Damodar & Mahananda
Cities on River BankCityRiverState
ChandauliGangesUttar Pradesh
JajmauGangesUttar Pradesh
NaubastaPanduUttar Pradesh
NawabganjGangesUttar Pradesh
BithoorGangesUttar Pradesh
UjjainKshipraMadhya Pradesh
KolhapurPanchgangaMaharashtra
RajkotAjiGujarat
VadodaraVishwamitriGujarat
AgraYamunaUttar Pradesh
MathuraYamunaUttar Pradesh
New DelhiYamunaDelhi
AuraiyaYamunaUttar Pradesh
EtawahYamunaUttar Pradesh
JabalpurNarmadaMadhya Pradesh
HyderabadMoosiAndhra Pradesh
VijayawadaKrishnaAndhra Pradesh
BangaloreVrishabhavathiKarnataka
FarrukhabadGangesUttar Pradesh
FatehgarhGangesUttar Pradesh
KannaujGangesUttar Pradesh
MangaloreNetravati, GurupuraKarnataka
ShimogaTunga RiverKarnataka
BhadravathiBhadraKarnataka
HospetTungabhadraKarnataka
KarwarKaliKarnataka
BagalkotGhataprabhaKarnataka
HonnavarSharavathiKarnataka
GwaliorChambalMadhya Pradesh
GorakhpurRaptiUttar Pradesh
Luck nowGomtiUttar Pradesh
KanpurGangesUttar Pradesh
Kanpur CantonmentGangesUttar Pradesh
ShuklaganjGangesUttar Pradesh
ChakeriGangesUttar Pradesh
KolkataHooghlyWest Bengal
VaranasiGangesUttar Pradesh
AllahabadGangesUttar Pradesh
AhmadabadSabarmatiGujarat
PatnaGangesBihar
MalegaonGirna RiverMaharashtra
GuwahatiBrahmaputraAssam
CuttackMahanadiOrissa
SambalpurMahanadiOrissa
RourkelaBrahmaniOrissa
HaridwarGangesUttarkhand
PuneMula, MuthaMaharashtra
DamanDaman Ganga RiverDaman
MaduraiVaigaiTamil Nadu
ThiruchirapalliKaveriTamil Nadu
ChennaiCooum, AdyarTamil Nadu
CoimbatoreNoyyalTamil Nadu
ErodeKaveriTamil Nadu
TirunelveliThamirabaraniTamil Nadu
SuratTaptiGujrat
BharuchNarmadaGujarat
KotaChambalRajasthan
KarjatUlhasMaharashtra
NashikGodavariMaharashtra
MahadSavitriMaharashtra
RajahmundryGodavariAndhra Pradesh
NandedGodavariMaharashtra
NellorePennarAndhra Pradesh
SangliKrishnaMaharashtra
KaradKrishna,KoynaMaharashtra
Classification of Missile
Missiles are generally classified on the basis of their Type, Launch Mode, Range, Propulsion, Warhead and Guidance Systems.Type: Cruise MissileBallistic MissileLaunch Mode: Surface-to-Surface MissileSurface-to-Air MissileSurface (Coast)-to-Sea MissileAir-to-Air MissileAir-to-Surface MissileSea-to-Sea MissileSea-to-Surface (Coast) MissileAnti-Tank MissileRange: Short Range MissileMedium Range MissileIntermediate Range Ballistic MissileIntercontinental Ballistic MissilePropulsion: Solid PropulsionLiquid PropulsionHybrid PropulsionRamjetScramjetCryogenicWarhead: ConventionalStrategicGuidance Systems: Wire GuidanceCommand GuidanceTerrain Comparison GuidanceTerrestrial GuidanceInertial GuidanceBeam Rider GuidanceLaser GuidanceRF and GPS ReferenceOn the basis of Type:(I) Cruise Missile:A cruise missile is an unmanned self-propelled (till the time of impact) guided vehicle that sustains flight through aerodynamic lift for most of its flight path and whose primary mission is to place an ordnance or special payload on a target. They fly within the earths atmosphere and use jet engine technology. These vehicles vary greatly in their speed and ability to penetrate defences.ICBMCruise missiles can be categorized by size, speed (subsonic or supersonic), range and whether launched from land, air, surface ship or submarine.Depending upon the speed such missiles are classified as:1) Subsonic cruise missile2) Supersonic cruise missile3) Hypersonic cruise missileSubsonic cruise missileflies at a speed lesser than that of sound. It travels at a speed of around 0.8 Mach. The well-known subsonic missile is the American Tomahawk cruise missile. Some other examples are Harpoon of USA and Exocet of France.Supersonic cruise missiletravels at a speed of around 2-3 Mach i.e.; it travels a kilometer approximately in a second. The modular design of the missile and its capability of being launched at different orientations enable it to be integrated with a wide spectrum of platforms like warships, submarines, different types of aircraft, mobile autonomous launchers and silos. The combination of supersonic speed and warhead mass provides high kinetic energy ensuring tremendous lethal effect. BRAHMOS is the only known versatile supersonic cruise missile system which is in service.Hypersonic cruise missiletravels at a speed of more than 5 Mach. Many countries are working to develop hypersonic cruise missiles. BrahMos Aerospace is also in the process of developing a hypersonic cruise missile, BRAHMOS-II, which would fly at a speed greater than 5 Mach.(ii) Ballistic Missile:A ballistic missile is a missile that has a ballistic trajectory over most of its flight path, regardless of whether or not it is a weapon-delivery vehicle. Ballistic missiles are categorized according to their range, maximum distance measured along the surface of earths ellipsoid from the point of launch to the point of impact of the last element of their payload. The missile carries a huge payload. The carriage of a deadly warhead is justified by the distance the missile travels. Ballistic missiles can be launched from ships and land based facilities. For example, Prithvi I, Prithvi II, Agni I, Agni II and Danish ballistic missiles are currently operational in the Indian defense forces.On the basis of Launch Mode:(I) Surface-to-Surface Missile:A surface-to-surface missile is a guided projectile launched from a hand-held, vehicle mounted, trailer mounted or fixed installation. It is often powered by a rocket motor or sometimes fired by an explosive charge since the launch platform is stationary.(ii) Surface-to-Air Missile:A surface-to-air missile is designed for launch from the ground to destroy aerial targets like aircrafts, helicopters and even ballistic missiles. These missiles are generally called air defense systems as they defend any aerial attacks by the enemy.(iii) Surface (Coast)-to-Sea Missile:A surface (coast)-to-sea missile is designed to be launched from land to ship in the sea as targets.(iv) Air-to-Air Missile:An air-to-air missile is launched from an aircraft to destroy the enemy aircraft. The missile flies at a speed of 4 Mach.(v) Air-to-Surface Missile:An air-to-surface missile is designed for launch from military aircraft and strikes ground targets on land, at sea or both. The missiles are basically guided via laser guidance, infrared guidance and optical guidance or via GPS signals. The type of guidance depends on the type of target.(vi) Sea-to-Sea Missile:A sea-to-sea missile is designed for launch from one ship to another ship.(vii) Sea-to-Surface (Coast) Missile:A sea-to-surface missile is designed for launch from ship to land based targets.(viii) Anti-Tank Missile:An anti-tank missile is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily-armored tanks and other armored fighting vehicles. Anti-tank missiles could be launched from aircraft, helicopters, and tanks and also from shoulder mounted launcher.On the basis of Range:This type of classification is based on maximum range achieved by the missiles. The basic classification is as follows:(I) Short Range Missile(ii) Medium Range Missile(iii) Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile(iv) Intercontinental Ballistic MissileOn the basis of Propulsion:(I) Solid Propulsion:Solid fuel is used in solid propulsion. Generally, the fuel is aluminum powder. Solid propulsion has the advantage of being easily stored and can be handled in fuelled condition. It can reach very high speeds quickly. Its simplicity also makes it a good choice whenever large amount of thrust is needed.(ii) Liquid Propulsion:The liquid propulsion technology uses liquid as fuel. The fuels are hydrocarbons. The storage of missile with liquid fuel is difficult and complex. In addition, preparation of missile takes considerable time. In liquid propulsion, propulsion can be controlled easily by restricting the fuel flow by using valves and it can also be controlled even under emergency conditions. Basically, liquid fuel gives high specific impulse as compared to solid fuel.(ii) Hybrid Propulsion:There are two stages in hybrid propulsion solid propulsion and liquid propulsion. This kind of propulsion compensates the disadvantages of both propulsion systems and has the combined advantages of the two propulsion systems.(iii) Ramjet:A ramjet engine does not have any turbines unlike turbojet engines. It achieves compression of intake air just by the forward speed of the air vehicle. The fuel is injected and ignited. The expansion of hot gases after fuel injection and combustion accelerates the exhaust air to a velocity higher than that at the inlet and creates positive push. However, the air entering the engine should be at supersonic speeds. So, the aerial vehicle must be moving in supersonic speeds. Ramjet engines cannot propel an aerial vehicle from zero to supersonic speeds.(iv) Scramjet:Scramjet is an acronym for Supersonic Combustion Ramjet. The difference between scramjet and ramjet is that the combustion takes place at supersonic air velocities through the engine. It is mechanically simple, but vastly more complex aerodynamically than a jet engine. Hydrogen is normally the fuel used.(v) Cryogenic:Cryogenic propellants are liquefied gases stored at very low temperatures, most frequently liquid hydrogen as the fuel and liquid oxygen as the oxidizer. Cryogenic propellants require special insulated containers and vents which allow gas to escape from the evaporating liquids. The liquid fuel and oxidizer are pumped from the storage tanks to an expansion chamber and injected into the combustion chamber where they are mixed and ignited by a flame or spark. The fuel expands as it burns and the hot exhaust gases are directed out of the nozzle to provide thrust.On the basis of Warhead:(I) Conventional Warhead:A conventional warhead contains high energy explosives. It is filled with a chemi al explosive and relies on the detonation of the explosive and the resulting metal casing fragmentation as kill mechanisms.(ii) Strategic Warhead:In a strategic warhead, radioactive materials are present and when triggered they exhibit huge radio activity that can wipe out even cities. They are generally designed for mass annihilation.On the basis of Guidance Systems:(I) Wire Guidance:This system is broadly similar to radio command, but is less susceptible to electronic counter measures. The command signals are passed along a wire (or wires) dispensed from the missile after launch.(ii) Command Guidance:Command guidance involves tracking the projectile from the launch site or platform and transmitting commands by radio, radar, or laser impulses or along thin wires or optical fibers. Tracking might be accomplished by radar or optical instruments from the launch site or by radar or television imagery relayed from the missile.(iii) Terrain Comparison Guidance:Terrain Comparison (TERCOM) is used invariably by cruise missiles. The system uses sensitive altimeters to measure the profile of the ground directly below and checks the result against stored information.(iv) Terrestrial Guidance:This system constantly measures star angles and compares them with the pre-programmed angles expected on the missiles intended trajectory. The guidance system directs the control system whenever an alteration to trajectory is required.(v) Inertial Guidance:This system is totally contained within the missile and is programmed prior to launch. Three accelerometers, mounted on a platform space-stabilized by gyros, measure accelerations along three mutually perpendicular axes; these accelerations are then integrated twice, the first integration giving velocity and the second giving position. The system then directs the control system to preserve the pre-programmed trajectory. These systems are used in the surface-to-surface missiles and in cruise missiles.(vi) Beam Rider Guidance:The beam rider concept relies on an external ground or ship-based radar station that transmits a beam of radar energy towards the target. The surface radar tracks the target and also transmits a guidance beam that adjusts its angle as the target moves across the sky.(vii) Laser Guidance:In laser guidance, a laser beam is focused on the target and the laser beam reflects off the target and gets scattered. The missile has a laser seeker that can detect even miniscule amount of radiation. The seeker provides the direction of the laser scatters to the guidance system. The missile is launched towards the target, the seeker looks out for the laser reflections and the guidance system steers the missile towards the source of laser reflections that is ultimately the target.(viii) RF and GPS Reference:RF (Radio Frequency) and GPS (Global Positioning System) are examples of technologies that are used in missile guidance systems. A missile uses GPS signal to determine the location of the target. Over the course of its flight, the weapon uses this information to send commands to control surfaces and adjusts its trajectory. In a RF reference, the missile uses RF waves to locate the target.
List of Indian Missiles General AwarenessMissile NameOriginTypeRangeSpeed
Air-to-air missiles
Astra MissileIndiaAir-to-Air Missiles60 80 kmMach 4 +
K-100Russia & IndiaMedium Range air-to-air missile300400 kmMach 3.3
Surface-To-Air Missiles
Akash MissileIndiaMedium-range surface-to-air missile30-35kmMach 2.5 to 3.5
Barak 8Israel/IndiaLong Range surface to air Missile100 kmMach 2
Defense Missile
Prithvi Air Defense (PAD)IndiaExeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missileAltitude- 80kmMach 5+
Advanced Air Defense (AAD)IndiaEndoatmospheric Anti-ballistic missileAltitude- 30kmMach 4.5
Prithvi Defense Vehicle (PDV)IndiaExeo-atmospheric Anti-ballistic missileAltitude- 120km
Cruise Missiles
NirbhayIndiaSubsonic cruise missile(Ship, submarine, aircraft and land)1,000 -1500 kmMach 0.8
BrahMosRussia & IndiaSupersonic cruise missile(Ship, submarine, aircraft and land)290 kmMach 2.8 to 3 Mach
BrahMos IIIndiaHypersonic cruise missile(Ship, submarine, aircraft and land)300kmMach 7
Surface-to-surface missiles
Agni-IIndiaMedium-range ballistic missile (MRBM)700-1250 kmMach 7.5
Agni-IIIndiaIntermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM)2,0003,000 kmMach 12
Agni-IIIIndiaIntermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM)3,500 km 5,000 km56 km/s
Agni-IVIndiaIntermediate-range ballistic missile(IRBM)3,000 4,000 kmMach 7
Agni-VIndiaIntercontinental ballistic missile(ICBM)5000 8000KmMach 24
Prithvi IIndiaShort Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical)150 km
Prithvi IIIndiaShort Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical)350 km
DhanushIndiaShort Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical)350 600 km
Prahaar(Pragati)IndiaShort Range Ballistic Missile(Tactical)150 kmMach 2.03
ShauryaIndiaMedium-Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM)750 to 1,900 kmMach 7.5
Submarine Launched Ballistic Missiles
Sagarika (K-15)IndiaBallistic Missile700 1900KmMach 7+
K-4IndiaBallistic Missile3,5005,000 kmMach 7+
K-5IndiaBallistic Missile6,000 km
Anti-Tank Missile
NagIndiaAnti-Tank Guided Missile4km230 m/s
Helina(HELIcopter launched NAg)IndiaAnti-Tank Guided Missile7-8km
Nicknames of famous Personalities General AwarenessS.No Nickname Person
1Akbar of KashmirJainul Abdin
2Andhra KesariT. Prakasam
3AnnaC.N. Annadurai
4BabujiJagjeevan Ram
5Banga bandhuSheikh Mujibut Rahman
6Bard of AvonWilliam Shakespeare
7Bengal KesariAshutosh Mukherji
8Bengali Tiger,Punjab Kesari,Lal, BalLala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal
9Bihar KesariDr. Srikrishna Singh
10Bihar VibhutiDr. Anugrah Narayan Singh
11Bird man of IndiaSalim Ali
12C. R. / RajajiChakravarti Rajagopalachari
13Chacha,Pandit jiJawaharlal Nehru
14Deen bandhuC.F. Andrews
15Desert FoxGen Ervin Rommel
16Desh bandhuChitta Ranjan Das
17Desh Ratna, AjatshatruDr. Rajendra Prasad
18DeshpriyaYatindra Mohan Sengupta
19Enlightened OneLord Buddha
20Father ofEnglishPoetryGeoffery Chaucer
21Father of GujaratRavi Shankar Maharaj
22Father of MedicineHippocrates
23Father of the Local Self-GovernmentLord Rippon
24Father of the Nation,Bapu,MahatmaMahatma Gandhi
25Frontier Gandhi, Badshah KhanKhan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
26FuehrerAdolf Hitler
27G.B.SGeorge Bernard Shaw
28Grand Old man of BritainWillium E. Gladstone
29Grand Old man of IndiaDadabhai Naoroji
30Grand old man of Indian JournalismTushar Kanti Ghosh
31Grandfather of Indian FilmsDhundiraj Govind Phalke
32GurujiM.S. Golvalkar
33Haryana HurricaneKapil Dev
34II DuceBenito Mussolini
35Indian EinsteinNagarjuna
36Jana NayakKarpuri Thakur
37King MakerEarl of Warwick
38King Maker of Indian HistorySayyed Bandhu
39KuvempuK.V. Puttappa
40Lady with the lampFlorence Nightinga
41Li-KwanPearl Buck
42Little Corporal,Man of DestinyNapoleon Bonaparte
43Little MasterSunil Gavaskar
44LokmanyaBal Gangadhar Tilak
45LoknayakJayaprakash Narayan
46Machiavelli of IndiaChanakya
47Magician of HockeyDhyanchand
48Mahamana, Prince of BeggarsPt. Madan Mohan Malaviya
49Maid of OrleansJoan of Arc
50Maiden QueenQueen Elizabeth I
51Man of Blood and IronOtto Van Bismark
52Man of PeaceLal Bahadur Shastri
53Martin Luther of IndiaDayanand Saraswati
54Morning Star of India RenaissanceRaja Ram Mohan Roy
55MotherMother Teresa
56Mysore TigerTippu Sultan
57Napoleon of IndiaSamudra Gupta
58Neta Ji, Patriot of PatriotsSubhash Chandra Bose
59Nightingale of IndiaSarojini Naidu
60Parrot of India, Tota-e-hindAmir Khushro
61Poets PoetEdmund Spencer
62Prince of AutobiographyBabur
63Prince of BuildersShahjahan
64Prince of Martyrs, Sahid-e-AzamBhagat Singh
65Prince of Money MakersMuhammad bin Tughlaq
66Prince of PilgrimsHiuen Tsang
67Punjab KesariLala Lajpat Rai
68Quaid-I-AzamMd. Ali Jinnah
69RajashreePurushottam Das Tandon
70Sage of KanchiSankaracharya
71Scourage of GodChengiz khan
72Shakespeare of IndiaMahakavi Kalidas
73Sher-e-Kashmir,Lion of KashmirSheikh Mohammed Abdullah
74SparrowMajor General Rajinder Singh
75Strong (Iron) Man of IndiaSardar Vallabhbhai Patel
76Swar KokilaLata Mangeshkar
77TauChaudhury Devi Lal
78UdanpariP.T. Usha
79Uncle HoHo Chi Minh
80Vishwa Kavi,Kaviguru,GurudevRabindranath Tagore
81Young TurkChandra Shekhar
Large Dams in India Complete List General Awareness
Large dams of IndiaNote:Dam list taken from Water Resources Information System of India(india-wris.nrsc.gov.in)S.NoDam NameRiverStateHeight (m)Length (m)Storage capacity (MCM)
1Tehri DamBhagirathiUttarakhand260.55753540
2Lakhwar DamYamunaUttarakhand204451580
3Idukki DamPeriyarKerala1693661996.3
4Bhakra DamSatlujHimachal Pradesh167.64518.16
5Pakal Dul DamMarusudarJammu & Kashmir1673050.1254
6Sardar Sarover Gujarat DamNarmadaGujarat16312109500
7Srisailam (N.S.R.S.P) DamKrishnaAndhra Pradesh1455128722
8Ranjit Sagar DamRaviPunjab1456173.28
9Baglihar DamCHENABJammu & Kashmir143364.362428.28
10Chemera I DamRaviHimachal Pradesh140295391.3
11Cheruthoni (Eb) DamCheruthoniKerala138.386511996.3
12Pong DamBeasHimachal Pradesh132.591950.78570
13Jamrani DamGolaUttarakhand130.6465208.6
14Subansiri Lower HE (Nhpc) DamSubansiriArunachal Pradesh1302841365
15Ramganga DamRamgangaUttarakhand127.56302448
16Nagarjuna Sagar DamKrishnaAndhra Pradesh124.66486511561.3
17Kakki (Eb) DamKakkiKerala116.13336.19455.02
18Nagi DamNagiBihar113.5188410.8029
19Salal (Rockfill And Concrete ) DamChenabJammu & Kashmir11348728.5
20Lakhya DamLakhya holeKarnataka1081048273.79
21Sholayar DamSholayarTamil Nadu105.161244.18152.7
22Koyna DamKoynaMaharashtra103.02807.722980.68
23Idamalayar (Eb) DamIdamalayarKerala1023731089.8
24Supa DamKali NadiKarnataka101331.294178
25Karjan DamKarjanGujarat100903630
26Kulamavu (Eb) DamKilivillithodeKerala1003851996.3
27Koteshwar DamBhagirathiUttarakhand97.5300.588.9
28Lower : PPSP DamWest Bengal9531016
29Doyang Hep DamDoyangNagaland92462565
30Rihand DamRihandUttar Pradesh91.4693210600
31Indira Sagar (NHDC) DamNarmadaMadhya Pradesh91.465412200
32Warna DamVarnaMaharashtra88.81580974.188
33Bhatsa DamBhatsa and chornaMaharashtra88.5959976.1
34Pillur DamBhavaniTamil Nadu8835744.4
35Upper Kodayar DamKodayarTamil Nadu8816698.51
36Minimata (Hasdeo) Bango DamHasdeoChhattisgarh87554.53417
37Jakham Main DamJakham (mahi)Rajasthan87253142.02
38Teesta -V (NHPC) DamTeestaSikkim86.8176.513.5
39Lower Ghatghar DamMaharashtra86.144493.21
40Kallada (Parappar) (Id) DamKalladaKerala85.35335524
41Madupetty (Eb) DamPalarKerala85.34237.7455.23
42Parbati II DamParbatiHimachal Pradesh85101.56.55
43Chakra DamChakraKarnataka84570222.6
44Bandardhara DamParavaraMaharashtra82.352717312.6
45Lower Vaitarna DamVaitarnaMaharashtra82567.07204.98
46Ukai DamTapiGujarat8149277497
47Upper Aliyar DamAliyarTamil Nadu81315
48Aruna DamArunaMaharashtra80.41124093.378
49Upper Bhavani DamBhavaniTamil Nadu80419101.2
50Podagada DamPodagada77.54622300