IMPORTANT IDEAS - BIG RED LIVE · defeated France and many local rulers to extend their control...

Name _____________________ Date ________

IMPERIALISM: EUROPE REACHES OUT

• History l(E) Identify major causes and describe the major effects of ... European

i~perialism. . .. . . '" ~ • HlstOry 8(C) Identlfy the major polltlcal, economlC, and soclal motlVatlOns .

that influenced European imperialism. • History 8(0) Explain the major characteristics and impact of European imperialism. • Geography (16) The student understands the impact of geographic factors on

major historic events and processes.

COVERED IN CHAPTER 16

• Geography (A) Locate places and regions of historical significance directly related to major eras and turning points in world history.

• Geography (8) Analyze the influence of human and physical geographic factors on major events in world history ... including the opening of the Panama and Suez Canals.

• Geography (C) Interpret maps, charts, and graphs to explain how geography has influenced people and events in the past.

• Culture 24(8) Describe the major influences of women such as ... Queen Victoria during major eras of world history.

• Science, Technology, and Society 28(8) Explain the roles of military technology, transportation technology, communication technology, and medical advancements in initiating and advancing 19th century imperialism.

In this chapter, you will learn about the spread of European imperialism in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. You will also learn how, through imperialism, European ideas and practices had a far-reaching impact on the rest of the world.

0- What were the causes of the "New Imperialism"?

()- How did imperialism have different characteristics in different places?

0- Was the overall impact of imperialism good or bad?

SOCIAL STUDIES TERMINOLOGY IN THIS CHAPTER

• Itttperialistlt • Leopold II • ~oxer Rebelliot1

• Sepoy Mutit1y • Cecil Rhodes • Meiji Restoratiot1

• "New Itttperialisttt" • Opiuttt Wars • "lt1fortttal" Itttperialisttt

• "Scratltble for Africa" • "Spneres of lt1fluet1ce" • Pat1attta Cat1al

• Suez Cat1al • Taipit1g Rebelliot1 • Spat1isn-Atttericat1 War

• ~erlit1 COt1feret1ce • "Opet1 Poor" Policy • Mot1roe Poctrit1e

UNLAWFUL To PHOTOCOPY256

Name _____________________ Date _________

UNLAWFUL To PHOTOCOPY CHAPTER 16: Imperialism: Europe Reaches Out 257

- IMPORTANT IDEAS A. With better rifles, improved medicines, steamboats, telegraph lines and rail

roads, European countries could expand into the interior of Africa, across the Pacific, and into the established societies of Asia for the first time. These new technological developments led to a wave of "New Imperialism."

B. A variety of political, economic, and social motivations encouraged imperialism in the late 19th century. 1. New European countries like Germany, Italy and Belgium wanted colonies

to show they were equal to older European states. 2. European countIies also competed in the "Scramble for Africa" to preserve

the balance of power. 3. European countries sought colonies to obtain resources and to find markets

to sell their manufactured goods. 4. Many European imperialists looked to dominate Africa and Asia as part of

their duty to spread what they saw as their superior civilization and culture. C. Imperialism had different characteristics and effects in different regions. In

India, Africa, and Southeast Asia, European countries established formal rule over colonies. They brought European technology, medicine, and civilization to those areas , but at the cost of suppressing local cultures, taking their resources, and using many local people for forced labor.

D. In both China and Latin America, European powers forced local groups to grant them special trading privileges and other economic benefits, but they did not directly take over local governments.

E. In some areas, European powers faced fierce local opposition to their imperialist ambitions.

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM Imperialism refers to the political and economic control of one area or country by another. In ancient times, countries like Persia and Rome built large empires by conquering their neighbors. In the 15th century, European nations developed the first overseas empires in the Americas. In the 19th century, the European Great Powers suddenly acquired vast colonial empires in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.

European countries had invested great efforts building colonial empires in the Americas from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The independence of the United States and Latin America had therefore represented a great setback for European imperialism. European rulers questioned the value of colonies if they would suddenly declare independence just when they became valuable to the mother country. Even so, imperialism never totally died out, even in the early 19th century. It continued in India, South Africa, the East Indies, and several other places.

Name Date _________

258 MASTERING THE TEKS IN WORLD HISTORY UNLAWFUL To PHOTOCOPY

THE BRITISH IIRAJ" (REIGN) IN INDIA During the 18th century, the British had defeated France and many local rulers to extend their control throughout much of the Indian subcontinent. British rule brought many changes. Some older customs, like the suicide of widows when their husbands died, were stamped out. The first railway in India was built in 1853. Muslims and Hindus lived peacefully together. European missionaries spread Christianity. British schools and colleges opened. English became the language of the government. Despite the benefits brought by the British, many Indians were still upset by this challenge to their traditional ways.

ARABIAN SEA

T\CEYLOO.r-I' ____--.,

U Miles 750

THE SEPOY MUTINY (1857) The British were able to control India because Indians were divided among themselves. The British had better weapons and used trained Indian soldiers, known as "sepoys." In 1857, a large number of sepoys rebelled. The rebellion quickly spread, but the British crushed the revolt using loyal Indian soldiers. After the mutiny, the British government took over formal control of India and abolished the East India Company. India officially became a British possession. Queen Victoria of England became the Empress of India.

THE IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE During two centuries of British rule, many aspects of Indian life changed:

Government. The British provided a single system Economic. The British built roads, bridges, and railof law and government, unifying India. They pro roads and set up telegraph wires. However, India's vided jobs, increased educational opportunities, cottage industries, in which products were made by and introduced English as a unifying language. people in their homes, were hurt by competition with

British manufactured goods.

IMPACT OF BRITISH RULE IN INDIA

Health. The British built hospitals, introduced new Social. Indians were looked down upon by the British medicines, and provided famine relief. At the same and their culture was treated as inferior to European time, health care improvements led to a popula culture. Indian workers provided the British with inextion explosion without a similar increase in eco pensive labor - working for long hours, often under nomic opportunities. terrible conditions.

Name ________________________________________ Date ________________

UNLAWFUL TO PHOTOCOPY CHAPTER 16: Imperialism: Europe Reaches Out 259

. APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Make two separate charts listing the advantages and disadvantages of British rule in India. Consider both the Indian perspective and the British perspective.

Advantages

Indian Perspective:

British Perspective:

Disadvantages ·

Indian Perspective:

British Perspective:

OTHER BRITISH COLONIES Britain also held several other colonies outside of India. It took Cape Colony, on the tip of South Africa, from Holland, as well as several islands in the West Indies. They also continued to hold on to Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Singapore.

OTHER EUROPEAN COLONIES At the end of the Napoleonic Wars, France regained some of its colonies in the West Indies, as well as some trading posts on the coast of West Africa and India. In the 1830s, France conquered Algeria in North Africa. The French also intervened in Indochina in the 1860s. Meanwhile, the Dutch continued to rule over the Dutch East Indies. Spain held onto its few remaining colonial possessions in the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerto Rico.

1HE "NEW IMPERIALISM" At the end of the 18th century, imperialism appeared to be on the decline. Britain had lost most of its colonies in America, and Spain and Portugal had lost most of Latin America. A hundred years later, the world witnessed a new wave of imperialism. From 1880 to 1900, almost every comer of the Earth came to be claimed by European powers. Africa, for example, was suddenly divided up like a cake to be eaten by hungry European powers.

THE CAUSES OF JJNEW IMPERIALISM" Why did European imperialism suddenly revive? New technological developments, based on the Industrial Revolution, made the "New Imperialism" possible. The steamboat made it possible to go upstream, reaching the interior of Africa and other places previously too difficult to reach. The telegram made it possible to communicate with new settlements deep in the interior regions of Africa and Asia. Later, imperial powers built railroads to ship goods and raw materials to and from their colonies. New medicines, like quinine to treat malaria and antiseptics, and a better understanding of disease made it possible to explore the tropics with less risk. Military technology like rifles could be used to control local people.

Name Date _________


There were many motives for imperialism. New countries such as Belgium, Gennany, and Italy sought colonial empires of their own to establish their power on the world stage. Even older colonial powers like France and Britain joined in the scramble for colonies. Britain seized control of Egypt to protect the Suez Canal, which provided the shortest route from Britain to India.

European powers were also anxious to preserve the "balance of Power" between themselves. European powers also hoped to obtain natural resources and markets to sell their goods.

Finally, imperialists such as Rudyard Kipling spoke of the "White Man's Burden" - the duty of Europeans to spread their culture to areas of Africa and Asia.

A cartoon depicts Britain devouring Africa.

ECONOMIC MOTIVESTECHNOLOGY European industries needed raw materials to keepNew technology - such as steamships, rifles, their factories busy. Industrialists sought new martelegraphs, and better medicines - made it poskets in which to sell their manufactured goods.sible to penetrate deeply into Africa, Asia, and the

Pacific nations for the first time.

REASONS FOR RENEWED INTEREST IN IMPERIALISM

SOCIAL MOTIVESPOLITICAL MOTIVES Europeans wished to acquire colonies to demon Many Europeans believed in Social Darwinism - the strate their power. European countries also sought theory that some societies were more successful to preserve the balance of power among them because their cultures were superior. Other Europeans

wanted to spread Christianity.selves. When one country obtained a new colony, others felt it necessary to do the same.

In some places, imperialists met with fierce local resistance. The British fought wars in the Sudan, South Africa, and elsewhere to gain control.

APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

There were two different time periods when imperialism occurred. The first wave of imperialism lasted from 1500 to 1800. The second wave, "New Imperialism," generally lasted from 1870 to 1950. In the space below, describe some of the differences between these two periods of imperialism:

Name __________________ Date _______


~LEARNING WITH GRAPHIC ORGANIZERSr-.J '& 0

During the "New Imperialism," Europe brought an additional nine million square miles, one fifth of the world's land area, under imperial rule. Complete the graphic organizer below describing the causes of the "New Imperialism."

Military TechnoLogy Medical Advances

Political Motivations Social Motivations

Communication Technology

THE IINEW IMPERIALISM"

Economic Motivations

Name Date ________


1HE ((SCRAM8LE FOR AFRICA"

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA: 1898

In 1870, Europeans still controlled very little actual territory in Africa. France had acquired Algeria in the northwest in the 1830s, and Britain controlled South Africa. Otherwise, European activity was mainly limited to coastal trading ports. Communities in the interior of sub-Saharan Africa still remained isolated. They represented an immense diversity of cultures with many different types of political structures.

Over the next twenty years, this picture changed dramatically. European powers engaged in a "Scramble for Africa" (1870-1890), during which most of Africa came under their control. In the 1850s and 1860s, European explorers mapped out the interior of Africa for the first time.

In the early 1880s, a local revolt threatened European use of the Suez Canal. This canal, completed by French engineers in 1869, provided the shortest route from Europe to East Africa, India, and East Asia. It became the lifeline between Britain and its colony in India. The British quickly moved to put down the revolt and take over Egypt. Next, British troops took over the Sudan.

Other powers - France, Italy, Germany, and Belgium - eyed British actions jealously. They wanted parts of Africa for themselves. Diamonds, gold and other valuable resources were also discovered in Africa in the late 19th century. In 1884, at the Berlin Conference, Bismarck and other European leaders divided up the remaining parts of Africa. By 1890, only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia remained independent. (Morocco was under French influence).

MAJOR IMPERIAL POWERS The major European powers with colonies in Africa were Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Portugal, and Italy. The French acquired much of Central Africa and Northwest Africa above the Sahara. King Leopold II of Belgium ruled the Congo in the center of Africa as his private estate. He treated the natives harshly, killing millions to increase production on his rubber plantations.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Name ______________________ Date _________


The British established colonies in West Africa and along almost the whole length of East Africa from Egypt to South Africa. Cecil Rhodes, a leading British imperialist, planned to build a railway down the eastern side of Africa from Cairo in Egypt to Capetown, South Africa. Germany took Tanganyika, Cameroon, Togo and Southwest Africa.

THE LEGACY OF Cecil Rhodes IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA

Before the arrival of European imperialists, boundaries in Africa were loosely defined. They reflected territories inhabited and controlled by different ethnic and tribal groups. In their "Scramble for Africa," European powers paid no attention at all to existing tribal boundaries. Wherever possible, they established mining operations or cultivated cash crops to be sold to Europe. Native Africans were used as a cheap workforce. Europeans also introduced advanced Western technology and ideas. Imperialism thus had both positive and negative effects on Africa.

POSITIVE EFFECTS NEGATIVE EFFECTS

European medicine and improved nutrition increased the life-span of Africans. This led to an explosion in the population.

European domination led to an erosion of traditional African values and destroyed many existing social relationships.

Europeans introduced modern transportation and communications, such as telegraphs, railroads, and telephones.

African peoples were treated as inferiorto Europeans. Native peoples were forced to work long hours for low pay under horrible conditions.

A small minority of Africans received improved education and greater economic opportunities. Some served as administrators or in the army.

Europeans divided Africa artificially, ignoring tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries. This has led to continuing tribal conflicts in many African nations.

ACTING- AS AN AMATEUR HISTOf{JAN* Look up one modem country in Africa today in your school

library or on the Internet. Then prepare a brief report describing the impact of imperialism on that country.

* Prepare a short biography on a prominent explorer (Richard Burton, Isabella Eberhardt, Mary Kingsley, Samuel Baker), imperialist (David Livingston, King Leopold II, Cecil Rhodes), or resistance-fighter against imperialism (John Chilembwe, Messali Hadj, Henri Barbusse) .

Name Date ________


"INFORMAL" IMPERIALISM Even in areas where they did not establish direct rule, European powers often dominated an area's economy. Historians refer to this as "informal" imperialism.

THE EUROPEAN POWERS AND CHINA In China, European powers faced a different situation than in India or Africa. For thousands of years, China had been united under its powerful emperors. Nevertheless, China had remained isolated from the world. By the 1830s, it lacked the military technology it needed to oppose Western imperialism.

Western nations showed an interest in China because its huge population offered a potential market for European manufactured goods. It also possessed valuable raw materials and produced local goods sought by Europeans. In China, European powers therefore developed a system of "informal" imperialism. China's local rulers remained in power, but they became subject to foreign pressure.

THE OPIUM WARS (1839-1842) In the 1800s, Great Britain began selling opium in China to obtain money to buy tea. The government of China tried to stop this practice by sentencing Chinese opium dealers to death. The British reacted by declaring war. With their superior gunboats, the British were able to fire on Chinese coastal towns. China was defeated and was forced to continue the sale of opium. This damaged the Chinese economy, and created chaos and political instability in China. China was also forced to open several "treaty ports," giving the British new trading privileges. The British established several "spheres of influence" - areas of China under their exclusive economic control. A flood of cheap British textiles hurt Chinese industry. Other European countries soon followed the British example, demanding their own spheres of influence in China.

Increasing European interference was extremely unpopular in China and weakened the prestige of the ruling Qing (or Manchu) Dynasty. The defeat of the Chinese army in the Opium Wars proved to the Chinese that they were no longer the "Heavenly Middle Kingdom." Manchu rulers faced a series of major revolts. Millions of Chinese were killed when China's rulers put down the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864) with European help.

PACIFIC

OCEAN

'JAPANESE

~Taiwan

Name ____________________ Date ________


AMERICA'S 1I0PEN DOOR" POLICY Fearing it would be shut out of China's profitable trade, the United States proposed equal trading rights for all nations in China in 1899.

BOXER REBELLION (1899-1900) A Chinese group, calling themselves the "Boxers," rebelled against the spread of foreign influence in China. Hundreds of foreigners living in Chinese cities were killed during riots led by the Boxers and their supporters. An international force, composed of troops from foreign powers, finally crushed the Boxer rebellion.

The United States played a key role in suppressing the rebellion because of the large number of U.S. ships and troops in the nearby Philippines. However, the United States sought to preserve China as an independent country. American policy prevented European powers from further dividing up China, and kept it "open" to trade with all nations.

APPLYING WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Captured Chinese "Boxers" were forced to wear neck collars.

* If you were living in China dming this period, would you have joined the Boxer movement? Explain your reasoning.

* Make your own timeline showing key events in 19th century Africa and China.

1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900

THE OPENING OF JAPAN Another Asian country to face Westerners in the late 19th century was Japan. Fearing foreign influences, Japan's rulers had cut Japan off from European trade in 1639. Japanese citizens were forbidden to travel to other countries, and foreigners were banned from Japan, except for one Dutch outpost.

Name Date ________


THE UNITED STATES OPENS JAPAN In 1853, the United States government sent a naval squadron commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan. In addition to requesting better treatment for shipwrecked sailors, the Americans sought to develop new markets and to establish a port where their ships to China could stop to obtain supplies. Fearing the

The arrival o/the Commodore Perry.example of what happened to China, Japanese leaders opened their doors to American trade. Within a few years, the British, Russians, and Dutch negotiated similarly favorable treaties.

THE MEIJI RESTORATION (1868-1912) The Japanese samurai and daimyos (nobles) criticized the Shogun, the Japanese ruler, for opening Japan to the West. Under this criticism, the Shogunate collapsed. The Japanese emperor, who had been a mere puppet for over a thousand years, was suddenly "restored" to power.

Emperor Meiji, the new ruler, was convinced that Japan had to adopt Western ways if it was to escape future domination by the Western powers. He sent scholars to other countries to learn advanced technologies and foreign customs, and received visits from foreign ministers. Steamboats and railroads were built and a new constitution was decreed. Japan became the first nonWestern country to successfully copy and adapt Western ways.

LATIN AMERICA Although Spain had lost most of its colonies in the Americas in the early 19th century, it kept control over Cuba, Puerto Rico, and a few other islands in the Caribbean. Cubans rebelled against the harsh conditions of its sugar cane workers in the 1890s. A Spanish army was sent to Cuba to crush the rebellion with brutal force. Many Americans were sympathetic to the plight of the Cuban rebels.

In 1898, the battleship U.S .S. Maine was mysteriously blown up in Havana harbor, killing 250 American sailors. The United States declared war and quickly defeated Spain. As a result of the Spanish-American War, America acquired its first colonies - Puerto Rico in the Caribbean and Guam and the Philippines in the Pacific. Cuba became independent in name, but fell under American influence.

Emperor Me~ii

Name _____________________ Date _________


Americans also annexed Hawaii as part of their new colonial empire. Many Americans opposed taking colonies, but others argued it was necessary to copy the imperial powers of Europe.

Meanwhile, the independent nations of Latin America - in Mexico, Central America, and South America - became dependent on both Great Britain and the United States for their trade and economic prosperity. Latin American elites studied in Europe and sold their cash crops there. Britain invested heavily in Latin America. Although no longer colonies, Latin America became part of a system of "informal," or economic, imperialism. Sometimes military strong men, known as Caudillos, were needed to keep order while maintaining trading ties with Europe.

~-----l U.S. POSSESSIONS IN THE PACIFIC 1---------. N

W--¢--E S

U.S.S.R.

ASIA

CHINA

MIDWAY IS.

)i~867

WAKE ISLAND iit 1899

Pac i fie

JOHNSTON ISLAND 1898

The Panama Canal. The operation of "informal" imperialism was especially illustrated in the case of Colombia. American ships that sought to travel between the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Oceans had to go 16,000 miles around the southern tip of South America. The United States sought easier access between these two oceans by building a canal across the narrow isthmus of Panama. This would cut the length and time of the journey. But Panama was still a part of Colombia. The government of Colombia asked a high price for permission to build the canal.

American President Theodore Roosevelt encouraged Panamanian rebels to declare their independence from Colombia in 1904. Roosevelt protected the rebels, who gave rights to the Panama Canal Zone - a ten-mile strip of jungle through the center of Panama - to the United States on advantageous terms. The United States then applied advanced technologies to dig the canal, which took ten years to complete. Protection of the canal became an important strategic priority for the United States. On the basis of the Monroe Doctrine (1823) and its need to protect the Panama Canal, American Presidents repeatedly sent armed forces to intervene in the Caribbean area in the early 20th century.

Name Date _______


~-rLEARNING WITH GRAPHIC ORGANIZERS~ Complete the graphic organizer below by describing the characteristics of European imperialism and its impact on various regions of the world.

India Sub-Saharan Africa Southeast Asia

FORMAL ~ : ~

THE IMPACT OF IMPERIALISM

~

INFORMAL '"

China Japan Latin America

Name _____________________ Date _________


CHAPTER STUDY CARDS ------------------------------~------------------------------~

Characteristics of Imperialism

"* "Old Imperialism" • India. Ruled by the British. • Southeast Asia. French, Dutch, Spanish

established colonies there. "* Africa: "Scramble for Africa"

• Britain takes Egypt to keep control of the Suez Canal.

• Berlin Conference (1884-1885). • King Leopold II. Belgian Congo.

"* "Informal" Imperialism • China. Opium War and establishment of

spheres of influence by European powers. • Latin America. Britain and United States

dominated the economy of this area.

ICauses of IINew Imperialism" I

I"* New technologies made it possible: I

I

• Military Technology: rifles. I I

• Medicines: quinine used against malaria. I

• Transportation: steamboats and railroads. • Communication Technology: telegraph and ~ telephone made communication easier.

"* Motives for Imperialism: • Political. European countries competed

for power and colonial empires. • Economic. European nations wanted nat

ural resources and markets for goods. • SociaL. European nations wanted to spread

their culture and civilize Africa and Asia.

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING" Directions: Put a circle around the letter that best answers the question.

Use the poem and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

The White Man's Burden

"Take up the White Man's burdenSend forth the best ye breed-Go, bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait, in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-Your new-caught sullen peoples, Half devil and half child .... "

- Rudyard Kipling, 1899

1 This stanza from Kipling's poem is most closely associated with the belief that it was the duty of Western powers to A preserve traditional African and Asian cultures ( Hist 8(C) )

B teach non-European peoples how to produce manufactured goods C protect existing African and Asian economies D introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-European peoples

2

Name Date ________


gXAMINE the question. This question tests your ability to interpret a poem written during the period of European imperialism. Kipling's poem states that it is the duty of Europeans to govern and impart their culture to others. .!SECALL what you know about European imperialism. You should remember the political, economic and social moti vations behind the "New Imperialism." Kipling's poem was used to justify empire-building and the benefits of spreading European "civilization" during the Victorian Age. If you .6PPLY what you know to these choices, you will find that the best answer is Choice D.

Now try answering some additional questions on your own.

Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

Which area of the world came under the direct control of European powers during the late 19th century? F (1) H (3) (Geog 16(A» )

G (2) J (4)

3 One similatity between the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China was that both were A reactions to fonus of European imperialism ( Hist 8(0) )

B movements to establish greater democracy C efforts to restore trade monopolies D struggles to Westernize their cultures

4 During the late 19th century, which geographic factor attracted European imperialists to South Africa? F smooth coastlines H navigable rivers (Geog 16(8»)

G natural resources J temperate climates

5

7

Name _____________________ Date _________


Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

"Our celestial empire [China] rules over ten thousand kingdoms! Most surely do we possess a measure of godlike Majesty which you cannot fathom! Still we cannot bear to slay or exterminate without warning, and for this reason we now make known to you the laws of our land. If the foreign merchants of your nation desire to continue their commerce, they must obey our [laws], they must cut off the source from which the opium flows, and on no account make an experiment of our laws in their own persons! Let [Queen Victoria] punish those subjects who may be criminal, do not endeavor to conceal them, and you will secure peace and quiet to your possessions, and together enjoy the blessings of peace and happiness. What more complete [happiness] than this!"

- Chinese High Commiss ioner Lin Zexu 's letter to Queen Victoria

What event followed when this letter failed to settle differences between Britain and China? A revolt of Panama C Opium War ( "1st 8(D) )

B Congress of Vienna D Sepoy Rebellion

Use the graph and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

6 Which statement is best supported by the data in the graph? F In 1870, most European

nations had colonial empIres.

G An increase in Europe's birth rate led to overseas expansIon.

H European colonial areas increased greatly from 1870 to 1914.

J By 1914, Germany controlled the most land area. ( "1st 1(E) )

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM: 1870-1914 14---- --- --- ----------

Ul QI

E 12

< ~ 10 - --1 W ~ ~ g 8 ---1 00 ~ ~ 6 ...J .2

4 'E :§. 2.

o Great Britain Gelmany France Russia

NATIONS AND THEIR EMPIRES

What was the principal reason for the success of European interference in China in the late 1800s? A Europeans had superior military technology. ( STS 28(8) )

B Europeans respected Chinese laws and customs. C Many Chinese adopted European religious practices. D Most Chinese respected Europeans as having a more advanced civilization.

9

Name Date ________


8 One result of the Opium War was that China F adopted democratic reforms ( H;st 8(0) )

G gained control of Hong Kong H regained control of Manchuria J was divided into "spheres of influence"

Use this passage by a British government official and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

"I agree with you that there is something absurd in the sudden scramble for colonies, and I am as little willing to join in as you can be; but there is a difference between wanting new [territories] and keeping what we have. Both Natal and the Cape Colony would be in danger if any foreign power chose to claim the coast between the two, which is virtually ours, but not by any formal tie that other nations are bound to recognize."

- Lord Derby

In this passage, Lord Derby argues that it may be necessary for Britain to take new areas of Africa A to preserve the balance of power in Europe ( H;st 8(C) )

B to protect some areas Britain already owns in Africa C to obtain new natural resources for British industries D to spread the British way of life to the people of Africa

Use the illustration and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.

10 Which slogan best reflects the point of view of Cecil Rhodes depicted in this cartoon? F "Speak softly, but carry a Big Stick." (H;st 8(0) )

G "Embrace African Diversity." H "Unite All Africans." J "Connecting Constantinople to Cairo."

The Rhodes Colossus

11 During the nineteenth century, Europeans improved roads, built bridges, and put down railroad tracks in their colonies primarily to A obtain raw materials for their industries ( STS 28(8) )

B provide high paying jobs for their colonists C impress the colonists with their technological superiority D help missionaries to spread the Christian religion

12 "All great nations ... have desired to set their mark upon barbarian lands, and those who fail to participate in this great rivalry will playa pitiable role in time to come." This statement best supports the concept of-F commumsm H industrialization ( H;st 8(C) )

G human lights J imperialism

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IMPORTANT IDEAS - BIG RED LIVE · defeated France and many local rulers to extend their control...

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