MINOR PROJECT ON

Improved Fault-Location System for Railway

Distribution System Using Superimposed Signal

Guidance Under Dr. Shabana Urooj

UNDER-TAKEN BY:

Anjali wadhwani (11/IEE/003)

Dikshant (11/IEE/032)

Imtiyaz alam (11/IEE/045)

Jai bhim (11/IEE048)

ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION BY RAILWAY

Around 2.5 percent of the country’s total electricity consumption

Demand for electricity will grow by seven percent annually

In 2020 energy demand is projected 37,500 million kWh.

Electrified Route constitutes 31.33 percent of the total Railway Network

POWER SUPPLY

Indian Railways purchase power from various Electricity boards and other Electric Supply Authorities.

30 billion units per year of electricity is consumed.

out of which 10.4 billion units per year are used for electric traction purpose.

Indian Railways pays over Rs. 5,000 crores every year.

about 20 percent of total revenue budget .

INTRODUCTION

It is neutral non-effectively grounded medium-voltage network.

Based on tracing the superimposed signal.

It is able to identify the fault location in a fast and accurate way.

improved by employing the inject and fault-current detect sensor (IFCDS) to trace the fault signal and wireless to transmit detect information.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF FAULTS

Single line to ground fault

Short circuit fault

Non single-line-to-ground fault

AN EFFECTIVE FAULT-LOCATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

An apparent impedance-based scheme

The traveling-wave-based scheme

An artificial-intelligence (AI)-based scheme

Circuit tracing with a superimposed signal

FAULT LOCATION METHOD BASED ONTRAVELLING WAVES

It has better accuracy than impedance method.

Widely used in microprocessor based relays and fault recorders.

It calculates distance to fault by measuring traveling time of a surge from fault to bus bar.

Free from influences of fault resistance, line structures, transducers errors, etc.

Installed in AC and DC power system.

AN ARTIFICIAL-INTELLIGENCE (AI)-BASED SCHEME

An accurate fault distance and direction estimation based on application of artificial neural networks for protection of doubly fed transmission lines.

Uses the voltage and current available at only the local end of line.

Adaptive to the variation of fault location, fault inception angle and fault resistance.

CIRCUIT TRACING WITH A SUPERIMPOSED SIGNAL

Mainly aims at locating a single-line-to-ground fault in a neutral non-effectively grounded system, because of low fault current.

Through superimposing a locating signal and tracing it, the fault point can be determined.

For CTL fault location, the circuit tracing scheme is preferred.

Also called S-injection method.

ADVANTAGES

Simple principle

High reliability

Fast location speed (usually less than 15 min)

High accuracy (location error is less than 0.5 km).

PROPOSED FAULT-LOCATION SYSTEM RDN-FLS

The architecture is shown in Fig.

For introducing conveniently, the system is divided into three parts

(1) equipment

(2) communication subsystem

(3) work principle.

PRINCIPLE OF SINGLE-LINE-TO-GROUND FAULT LOCATION

PRINCIPLE OF THE NONSINGLE-LINE-TO-GROUND FAULT LOCATION

THANK

YOU