Improvement and development of JINR Phasotron for Fundamental and Applied
Research
Project SADImprovement of Phasotron and Beam ChannelsCyclotrons for Radiation TherapyDesign and Development of Cyclotrons
SAD – Subcritcal Assembly at Dubna
BlanketBlanket
Vert. Vert. magnetsmagnets
ShieldingShielding
JINR, NIKIET, GSPI, VNIIM and MAYAK Project leader V.N. Shvetsov
Low power ADS prototypeMain components:-subcritical assembly- phasotron-660 MeV proton beam
2002 – 2006 Technical Design- subcritical assembly- proton beam channel- fuel element- building2007 – 2011 RealizationWork canceled by financial reason
Improvement of the JINR Phasotron and Beam Channels
• Renewal after fire:
- Phasotron Subsystems
- Beam for Radiation Therapy
- Muon and Pion Beam Channels
• Upgrade of Power Supplies for
Extraction System
• Main Coil Power Supply
Repair-and-renewal operations
Repair-and-renewal operations on the Phasotron and radiation therapy beam channel after fire in April 2005 have been carried out in 2005 – 2006. After remedial work on all Phasotron subsystems and the communications repair internal beam was obtained in June 2006.
The scope of work on the reconstruction radiation therapy beam channel
- damaged magnetic elements replacement
- power circuits connection to the power supplies
- water cooling communications connection
- each channel element testing under load
- vacuum seals replacement and pumping system setting up
- control and interlock systems cabling and adjustment
- magnetic measurements,
- channel magnetic elements alignment
- magnetic elements parameters optimization for the proton
beam transportation to the treatment room
External beam was transported to the treatment room in December 2006.
Beam Channel for Radiation Therapy
In the period from January 2007 to June 2009 230 patients with different tumors passed a course of proton therapy. During this period 16 proton therapy runs with full duration about 2200 hours have been carried out.
The main subject of the research carried out at Phasotron is a medico-biological and clinic study of the proton therapy efficiency for different tumors and development of new methods radio-therapy at medical beams.
JARUS (JApan_RUSsia)
Kyushu University (Japan)DLNP JINR (P.Evtoukhovitch, V.Kalinnikov, N.Khomutov, N.Kuchinskiy, A.Moiseenko, D.Mzavia, Z.Tsamalaidze)
There is a current interest in developing accelerator-driven systems (ADS) for transmuting long-lived radioactive waste into shorter-lived products. Studies of these technologies need new nuclear cross section data to improve theoretical predictions of particle production, shielding requirements, activation, radiation heating, material damage and radiation dosimetry. To address these needs, a program is under way to develop new evaluated nuclear data libraries for incident protons and neutrons between 20 MeV and 3 GeV. It is also important to validate and to improve theoretical models, since the nuclear data evaluations are based on the a combination of nuclear model calculations and measured cross section data.
2004 d2/ddE 92Nb and 12C 2008 232Th(p,px) and 232Th(p, dx)
2009 September – run with new elements. Results will be presented at 12th International conference on the nuclear reaction mechanisms (Varenna, Italy, August, 2009)
2 SSD (Si) and CsI (Tl)
4 plastic scintillators and BGO
Proton beam 360 MeV, intensity 108 p/secTarget – 77m
Beam-lines I-II ( and ) 2006 – 2009Repair-and-renewal operations Slow extraction systemTarget stationSecondary beam channels• 62 magnet elements, their power supplies, fire safety gauges and
vacuum system have been revised in 2006-2007 years;• Alignment of beam elements and their currents adjustment have
been performed in 2008-2009 years;
Beam-lines I-II had been put in operation 28 March 2009
The negative back-decay muon beam was obtained:• Momentum 90-125 MeV/c• Intensity 3-5*104 muons per second• Electrons < 7% in the muon beam
Pion and Muon Channels
Extraction System 3 kA Power Supply Upgrade
Old PS ВАКГ-3200 New PS ИПКО-3200
The beam extraction channel power supply system was designed at the end 70 years on the base of the industrial 12,5 kA and 3,2 kA rectifiers. More than 25 years system is used in the hard radiation environment, all its elements are out of date. New 3200А power supply IPKO-3200 was produced and put into operation in 2008. For the further increasing of reliability and pulsation reduction new current pulsation suppression systems should be developed for both extraction channel power supplies. Work is planned to be fulfilled in 2009 - 2010.
Main Coil Power Supply
Motor-Generators TPP- 5000
At present the Phasotron magnet power supply is realized by means of motor-generator (1 motor-generator in reserve). The generators are used since 1949 and currently have completely worked out their resources. We plan to replace motor-generators by thyristor power supply TPP-5000 which was purchased at the end 80 years. Preparation work is in progress. Test switching is planned at the end of 2009.
Cyclotrons for Radiation Therapy
Medico-biological and clinical research of the cancer patients treatment at JINR has a good progress. For further development in this field it is necessary to build an accelerator dedicated for this work. Because of that the main efforts of LNP accelerator physicists are concentrated on the design of cyclotrons for hadron therapy applications.
Cyclotron C220 2005 – 2007 Cyclotron C400 2006 – 2009 Cyclotron C235 V3 2007 – 2009
Cyclotron C220. Magnet
Calculations have been done for three variants of cyclotron magnet yoke. Variant 3 has been chosen.
Variant 1
Variant 3
Variant 2
Cyclotron C220 parameters
PARAMETER C-220
Energy of protons (MeV) ~220
Average magnetic field (T) At center At extraction radius
1.33 1.64
Extraction radius (m) 1.4
Magnetic field at extraction radius (T) hill valley
2.65 0.95
Gap (mm) valley hill
400 Constant 50
Number of sectors 4
Main coil ampere turn (kA)
340
Power consumption (kW) 170
Weight of magnet (T) 300
The physical consideration of proton cyclotron on the energy 220 MeV has been done. The calculations on the cyclotron with maximum energy 250 MeV are in progress.
Bmean, C200p, Iw=170kA
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
R [cm]
Bmea
n [T
esla
]
A.Vorozhtsov S.Kostromin Model 2
IBA – JINR Collaboration. C400
General propertiesaccelerated particles H2
+, 4He2+, (6Li3+), (10B5+), 12C6+
Injection energy 25 keV/Zfinal energy of ions,protons
400 MeV/amu265 MeV/amu
extraction efficiency 70 % ( by deflector)
number of turns 1700Magnetic system
total weight 700 tonsouter diameter 6.6 mheight 3.4 mPole radius 1.87 mvalley depth 60 cmbending limit K = 1600hill field 4.5 Tvalley field 2.45 T
RF systemradial dimension 187 cmvertical dimension 116 cmFrequency 75 MHzOperation 4th harmonicnumber of dees 2 dee voltage:center/extraction 80/170 kV
The present status of the C400 design
• Magnet yoke stress and strain calculations were done by fine elements analysis method;
• The isochronous magnetic field with adequate focusing characteristics and optimized extraction is obtained by computer simulation with the 3D TOSCA code;
• Beam dynamic simulations have been done with multiparticle tracking codes for the acceleration and extraction regions;
• Axial injection line, inflector and central region were designed;• RF cavity was designed by the CST Microwave Studio;• Ion losses due to residual gas interaction have been calculated.
The design review of the C400 cyclotron was successful. The group of international experts emphasized high quality of the research work done by the JINR. The project will be ready to begin construction in the nearest future.
IBA – JINR Collaboration. C235
• Magnetic Field and Beam Dynamics Calculations • Site Construction• Cyclotron Assembly• Magnetic Field Measurements and Tuning• Beam Test
In 2007 IBA and JINR have signed an agreement on common work for the modification of a serial IBA cyclotron C235 with a goal to improve design C235 and build a new cyclotron C235 V3 with internal beam losses ~ 15%.
Parameters of proton isochronous cyclotron C235Parameters of proton isochronous cyclotron C235
General parameters ValueProton energy, MeV 235Internal current, nA 300
Beam emittances, π∙mm∙mrad 12/11Magnetic field (min/max) T 0.9/2.9
Number of sectors 4Magnet diameter, m 4.3
Radius of beam extraction, m 1,08Elliptical hill gap, cm 9,6/0,9
Dee aperture, cm 2RF frequency, MHz 106.1 (4 harmonic)
Dee voltage, (min/max) kV 60/130Ion source PIG, internal
Electrostatic deflector field, kV/cm
170
Extraction efficiency, % 60Power, kW 446Weight, t 220
Magnetic Field and Beam Dynamics Calculations
• Losses in the extraction region. Recommendations were made on optimization of the geometry of the electrostatic deflector used for the beam extraction from serial proton therapy cyclotron C235. Realization of the new deflector increased efficiency of the extraction from 60 to 77%.
• Losses in the acceleration region. It was shown that the main reason of particle losses in acceleration region is radial component of magnetic field. JINR group proposed modifications in magnet system design which decrease sensitivity of cyclotron to radial component of the magnetic field. On the basis of this proposal IBA have developed the magnet system with the changed angle of spirality of the sectors in the extraction region in order to increase frequency of axial betatron oscillations from Qz=0.25 to Qz=0.4
Goal: Reveal the reasons of internal beam losses
SSDI* Project. C235 Site Design.Detailed design of:
shielding foundation – SSDI
shielding roof – SSDI
ventilation – SSDI
radiation safety – SSDI
fire alarm – SSDI
shielding walls – JINR
equipment positioning – JINR
pit – JINR
control room – JINR
cable and water lines – JINR
notches and false floors – JINR
* State Specialized Design Institute
Vault and Control Room
Project of Radiation Therapy Center in Dubna
Three treatment rooms: 1 equipped with gantry; 2 – with fixed beam.
Diagnostic and treatment ~ 1000 patients/year.
Cyclotrons Design and Development
• Cracow AIC-144 cyclotron was optimized including beam adjustment at the extraction region, increasing of the dee voltage to 53-54 kV and extension of the electrostatic deflector input radius. As a result of optimization the extraction efficiency was increased from 3% to 20%.
• Tver RIC-30 cyclotron proton beam intensity increasing by correcting of the mean magnetic field in the central region was proposed on the basis of measurements of the magnetic field in the cyclotron.
• RIKEN AVF Cyclotron Computer modeling of nitrogen, oxygen, and proton acceleration is in progress.
• PET Cyclotron prototype (Ep= 9 MeV) – a technical proposal is finished, vacuum and acceleration systems are under construction, magnet system is prepared for field measurements and forming.
Improvement of the JINR Phasotron and Design of
Cyclotrons for Fundamental and Applied ResearchScientific Program:
Improvement of the JINR Phasotron and beam channels.
Design of the cyclotrons for medical purposes.
Development of the cyclotron method for high-current beam acceleration.
Expected main results:
Commissioning of the main Phasotron magnet power supply TPP-5000. Commissioning of the new current pulsation suppression systems for the extraction channel power supplies. Beam channels ACS system upgrade. Beam extraction optimization.
Completion phase of cyclotrons C235 and C400 construction and tests.
Justification of the cyclotron C250 design.
Simulations of the high intensity beam dynamics.
Collaboration:Country City Institute or Laboratory
Belgium Louvain-la-Neuve IBA
Japan Wako RIKEN
Poland Cracow NINP PAS
Uzbekistan Tashkent INP UAS
