• AnodizingTypeIIDOTIZE®

• AnodizingTypeIIIColoring

medical implant solutions

America

ImprovingthemechanicalpropertieswithTitaniumanodizing

Coatings

medical implant solutions

1. J Prosthet Dent. 2001 Jul; 86(1): 24-32“Implant abutment screw rotations and preloads for four different screw materials and surfaces“W.C. Martin, R.D. Woody, A.W. Miller

2. International Association for Dental Research, Congress 2002, San Diego, 0308”Torque to Loosen Surface Treated AbutmentScrews After Cyclic Loading”F. Falcao, P. Yaman, M.E. Razzoog, J.B. Dennison

3. 17th European Society for BiomaterialsConference, Barcelona 2002”Protein adsorption on spark anodized Titanium”P. Becker, A. Baumann, U. Beck, A. Kirbs, J. Rychly, F. Lüthen, H-G. Neumann

4. Ti 2003, Science and Technology, Vol. V,Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Titanium, Hamburg 2003; (ed. G. Lütjering, J. Albrecht), 3339-3344"Spark Anodization on Titanium and TitaniumAlloys"P. Becker, A. Baumann, F. Lüthen, J. Rychly, A. Kirbs, U. Beck, H.-G. Neumann

5. Technical Paper (Unpublished) 2005 ”Ti6Al4V with Anodization Type II: BiologicalBehavior and Biomechanical Effects”A. Baumann, N. Zander

F-DO

TIZE

-050

906-

EN

Since 1998 DOT GmbH has anodisedseveral million osteosynthesis productsand joint replacement implant compo-nents with the DOTIZE® procedure andcolouring process.

The Type II and III Titanium anodising in medical technology applications havebeen approved both in the EuropeanUnion and in the USA.

Improvement of the mechanical propertieswith Titanium anodising

Results

Bibliography

CoatingsCoatings

Technologies If necessary, pickling in an acid bathtakes place, in order to guarantee auniform quality of the implant surfaceto be anodised.Subsequently, the anodising is per-formed in dilute acid. The Titaniumoxide film that is produced works as an optical interference filter. By varying

the thickness of the coating all thecolours of the rainbow can be produced. The standard colours produced are red,blue, yellow and green. Customers canalso specify a larger range of colours. Depending upon the selected colour thelayer thickness is 20-200 nm.

Advantages at a glance • Improves identification of implants

• Cosmetically appealing

• Inhibition of the release of Aluminium and Vanadium ions

medical implant solutions

DOT GmbHCharles-Darwin-Ring 1a18059 RostockGermany

Tel: +49 (0)381- 4 03 35-0Fax: +49(0)381- 4 03 35-99info@dot-coating.dewww.dot-coating.de

DOT is one of Europe’s leading providers of medical coating solutions for orthopedicand dental implants and instruments and also their cleanroom packaging.

We also manufacture implants and products for regenerative medicine for dentaland orthopedic applications.

Our comprehensive supply chain concept makes us an ideal medical technologypartner. Our activities help restore the health of patients worldwide and thus make amajor contribution to the improvement of their quality of life.

TypeIIanodization(DOTIZE®)

In searching for procedures to improve the internal fixation characteristics of osteosynthesis and Titanium joint re-placement implant components, it was determined that the Type II anodizing procedure, which had been originally developed in the USA for aerospace ap-plications, provided excellent properties in that environment.Adapting this technology to the require-ments of the orthopedic industry, this electro-chemical surface treatment exhibits a decrease in the cold weld-ing of osteosynthesis products (e.g. between bone nail and - screws), and

an improvement in the fatigue strength. Additionally, there is an increase in the abrasion and corrosion resistance, as well as a decreased protein adsorption during the immediate, post-operative interaction process between the blood and the implant surface, thereby reduc-ing the adherence of osteoblasts.This suppresses the subsequent bone growth onto the implant. This effect reduces the complications related to the removal of bone nails, screws and plates after successful fracture healing.

Idealsurfacesforosteosynthesisandjointreplacementimplantcomponents

Background

Advantagesataglance

Coatings

The anodizing of Titanium alloys is a standard surface treatment with both osteosynthesis and joint replacement implant components. Type II anodizing modifies the biological and biomechanical characteristics of the implants.

• Easier removal of the implants after

fracture healing

• Improved fatigue strength of the

implants

• Higher pre-loading of threaded con-

nections is possible

• Reduction of the inflammation and

allergy risk by reducing the release of

Aluminum and Vanadium ions

• Improves identification when com-

pared to untreated stainless steel

• Reduction of the risk of cold welding

Type III anodizing (color anodizing) primarily changes the cosmetic charac-teristics of the implant. Both anodizing procedures are offered by DOT America.

Technology

Background

Characteristics

Coatings

The DOTIZE® anodizing procedure devel-oped by DOT, replaces the thin natu-ral oxide film present at the implant surface, with a thick oxide coating. This is achieved through an electric spark discharge produced on the surface of the implant while it is immersed in an electrolytic bath containing a strong alkaline solution. The discharge melts

the implant surface and the oxide layer becomes an integral part of the base material. Most Titanium alloys used for medical applications are suitable for the DOTIZE® procedure.The implant dimensions are not changed by the surface treatment. Micro-pores and -cracks in the base material are reduced by this process.

In the search for procedures to improvethe mechanical characteristics of osteo-synthesis and joint replacement implantcomponents manufactured from Titani-um, anodising procedures, which hadbeen originally developed in the USAfor aerospace applications proved to bevery suitable.

Adapted to the requirements of theorthopaedic industry, these electro-chemical surface treatments causeamong other things a decrease in thecold welding of osteosynthesis products(e.g. between bone nail and - screws),an improvement in the fatigue strengthand an increase in the abrasion andcorrosion resistance. Furthermore ano-dising can decrease protein adsorption

during the immediate post operativeinteraction process between the blood and the implant surface, therebyreducing the adherence of osteoblastsand suppressing the subsequent bone

growth onto the implant. This effectreduces the complications related tothe removal of bone nails, screws and plates after successful fracture healing.

Background

Technologies

The anodising of Titanium alloys is astandard surface treatment with both osteosynthesis and joint replacementimplant components. Whilst, in prin-ciple, Type II anodising modifies thebiological and biomechanical charac-teristics of the implants, Type III ano-dising (colour anodising) only changes

the cosmetic characteristics of theimplant. Both anodising procedures are offered by DOT GmbH.

The DOTIZE® anodising procedure, devel-oped by DOT replaces the thin naturaloxide film present at the implant sur-face by a thick oxide coating. This isachieved through a spark dischargeproduced on the surface of the implantwhilst it is immersed in an electrolyticbath containing a strong alkaline solu-tion. The discharge melts the implantsurface and the oxide layer becomes

an integral part of the base material.Practically all Titanium alloys used formedical applications are suitable for the DOTIZE® procedure. The implant dimensions are not changedby the surface treatment. Micro-poresand -cracks in the base material arereduced by the procedure.

Ideal surfaces for osteosynthesis and joint replacement implant components

Coatings Coatings

The DOTIZE® procedure conforms to the standard AMS 2488 (Aerospace Material Specification).

Characteristics

Background The principal purpose of the colouranodising is the identification of partsduring a surgical procedure (colouredsize marking). Applications cover dentaland orthopaedic implants as well asosteosynthesis products such as screws,

plates or instruments. As an additionaleffect the colouring reduces the releaseof Aluminium and Vanadium ions fromthe Titanium alloy.

Type II anodisation (DOTIZE®)

Type III anodisation (colouring)

Coating thickness Max. 5 µm

Ongrowth behavior Up to 19% reduced colonisation of the implants with bone cells caused byreduced protein absorption

Wear resistance Increased resistance to wear compared with untreated Titanium alloys

BiocompatibilityCorrosion resistance

Good biocompatibility.The corrosion resistance is up to 44% higher than with untreated Titanium

Fatigue strength Increase of up to 15% in the fatigue strength compared with untreated basematerial

Advantages at a glance • Easier removal of the implants afterfracture healing

• Improved fatigue strength of the implants

• Reduction of the risk of cold welding

• Higher pre-loading of threaded connections is possible

• Reduction of the inflammation and allergy risk by reducing the release of Aluminium and Vanadium ions

• Improves identifiability when compared to stainless steel

TypeIIIanodization(coloring)

The principal purpose of the color anod-izing is the positive identification of parts during a surgical procedure (col-ored size marking). Applications cover dental and orthopedic implants as well as osteosynthesis products like screws,

plates and instruments. As an additional effect the colored oxide layer reduces the release of Aluminum and Vanadium ions from the Titanium alloy.

Advantagesataglance • Improves identification of implants

• Cosmetically appealing

• Inhibition of the release of Aluminum

and Vanadium ions

TheDOTIZE®procedureconformstothestandardAMS2488(AerospaceMaterialSpecification).

Coating thickness Max. 5 μm

On-growth behavior Up to 19 % reduced colonization of the implants with bone cells caused by reduced protein absorption

Wear resistance Increased resistance to wear compared with untreated Titanium alloys

BiocompatibilityCorrosion resistance

Good biocompatibility The corrosion resistance is up to 44 % higher than with untreated Titanium

Fatigue strengthIncrease of up to 15 % in the fatigue strength compared with untreated base material

F-An

odiz

ing-

2611

14-E

N

DOT is one of Europe’s leading providers of medical coating solutions for orthopedic and dental implants and instruments.

Our comprehensive supply chain concept makes us an ideal medical technology partner. Our activities help restore the health of patients worldwide and thus make a major contribution to the improvement of their quality of life.

medical implant solutions

America

DOT America, Inc.335 South Towerview DriveColumbia City, IN 46725

Phone: 260-244-5700Fax: 260-244-5701info@dot-coatingusa.comwww.dot-coatingusa.com

If necessary, pickling in an acid bath takes place, in order to guarantee a uniform quality of the implant surface to be anodized.Subsequently, the anodizing is per-formed in dilute acid. The Titanium oxide film that is produced works as an optical interference filter. By varying the

thickness of the coating all the colors of the rainbow can be produced. The standard colors produced are red, blue, yellow and green. Customers may also specify a larger range of colors. Depend-ing upon the selected color the layer thickness is 20-200 nm.

Since 1998 DOT GmbH has anodized several million osteosynthesis products and joint replacement implant compo-nents with the DOTIZE® procedure and coloring process.

The Type II and III Titanium anodizing in medical technology applications have been approved both in the European Union and in the USA.

Coatings

Technology

Results

Bibliography

medical implant solutions

1. J Prosthet Dent. 2001 Jul; 86(1): 24-32“Implant abutment screw rotations and preloads for four different screw materials and surfaces“W.C. Martin, R.D. Woody, A.W. Miller

2. International Association for Dental Research, Congress 2002, San Diego, 0308”Torque to Loosen Surface Treated AbutmentScrews After Cyclic Loading”F. Falcao, P. Yaman, M.E. Razzoog, J.B. Dennison

3. 17th European Society for BiomaterialsConference, Barcelona 2002”Protein adsorption on spark anodized Titanium”P. Becker, A. Baumann, U. Beck, A. Kirbs, J. Rychly, F. Lüthen, H-G. Neumann

4. Ti 2003, Science and Technology, Vol. V,Proceedings of the 10th World Conference on Titanium, Hamburg 2003; (ed. G. Lütjering, J. Albrecht), 3339-3344"Spark Anodization on Titanium and TitaniumAlloys"P. Becker, A. Baumann, F. Lüthen, J. Rychly, A. Kirbs, U. Beck, H.-G. Neumann

5. Technical Paper (Unpublished) 2005 ”Ti6Al4V with Anodization Type II: BiologicalBehavior and Biomechanical Effects”A. Baumann, N. Zander

F-DO

TIZE

-050

906-

EN

Since 1998 DOT GmbH has anodisedseveral million osteosynthesis productsand joint replacement implant compo-nents with the DOTIZE® procedure andcolouring process.

The Type II and III Titanium anodising in medical technology applications havebeen approved both in the EuropeanUnion and in the USA.

Improvement of the mechanical propertieswith Titanium anodising

Results

Bibliography

CoatingsCoatings

Technologies If necessary, pickling in an acid bathtakes place, in order to guarantee auniform quality of the implant surfaceto be anodised.Subsequently, the anodising is per-formed in dilute acid. The Titaniumoxide film that is produced works as an optical interference filter. By varying

the thickness of the coating all thecolours of the rainbow can be produced. The standard colours produced are red,blue, yellow and green. Customers canalso specify a larger range of colours. Depending upon the selected colour thelayer thickness is 20-200 nm.

Advantages at a glance • Improves identification of implants

• Cosmetically appealing

• Inhibition of the release of Aluminium and Vanadium ions

medical implant solutions

DOT GmbHCharles-Darwin-Ring 1a18059 RostockGermany

Tel: +49 (0)381- 4 03 35-0Fax: +49(0)381- 4 03 35-99info@dot-coating.dewww.dot-coating.de

DOT is one of Europe’s leading providers of medical coating solutions for orthopedicand dental implants and instruments and also their cleanroom packaging.

We also manufacture implants and products for regenerative medicine for dentaland orthopedic applications.

Our comprehensive supply chain concept makes us an ideal medical technologypartner. Our activities help restore the health of patients worldwide and thus make amajor contribution to the improvement of their quality of life.