Improving Data Centers’ Energy Reliability & Efficiency
December 2015
Background The challenges Alternative solutions SATEC approach Advantages Cases Summary
Data Centers Energy Challenges
Increased demand for On-line Clouding services Data center energy consumption per m² is ×15-20 times higher
compared with typical office Expected increase in Power consumption
While Worldwide demand for cleaner power generation solutions Reducing power consumptions by increasing efficiency (PUE)
70%
“Worldwide Data is set to grow 10-fold by 2020 from 4.4 zettabytes to 44ZB” (IDC)
Type of data centers
Corporate: In-House Data Center
Collocation: Hardware (servers), belong to customer Facility and internal systems maintenance – by provider
Managed/Hosting (“cloud”): Hardware may be owned by the customer or the provider Hardware can be separated (at rack/ server levels) or shared Provider operates storage, engineering, security, electricity etc.
Increase in outsourcing services
Tier 4
Most Common
Tier 3
Tier 2
Tier 1
Data centers Reliability & Availability Increased outsourcing services
Enterprise Corporation 99.995% Uptime 23.3 Minutes Downtime (Y) 2N+1 Fully redundant 96 Hour Power Outage protection
Large Businesses 99.982% Uptime 1.6 Hours Downtime (Y) N+1 Fully redundant 72 Hour Power Outage protection
Medium-size Businesses 99.749% Uptime 22 Hours Downtime (Y) Partial redundancy in Power and Cooling
Small Businesses 99.671% Uptime 28.8 Hours Downtime (Y) No Redundancy
Data Center – Common Metrics
Average PUE 2014 1.7 (down from 1.89 in 2011) “ uptime institute”
Data Centers Energy Challenges “Worldwide Data is set to grow 10-fold by 2020 from 4.4 zettabytes to 44ZB” (IDC)
Reliability Reducing investments
Density Efficiency (PUE)
Energy ~ 30% of Data Center OPEX
Improving Reliability Load Measurement and notifications – down to rack level Power Quality Measurements and alerts, at critical
locations “what if” testing procedures for measurement of loading
in case of failures
Improving Efficiency Measurement down to servers racks for accurate PUE
segmentation Measurement and Control of HVAC systme including
temperature and humidity levels
Improving DC Reliability and Efficiency
Limited energy information – energy metering at MCCBs only
Price of Smart PDU prevents wide deployment Lack of power quality monitoring
Existing solutions limitation
SATEC suggested approach Balancing between expensive Smart PDU and lack of information of board measurement level only
EM720 High performance
revenue meter + PQ & Transient
PM180 High performance
analyzer (PQ)
BFM II Energy + Rev. meter
Main Input Backup
ATS
UPS UPS UPS HVAC
Distribution Boards
UPS Switch Gear
~ ~
[N+1]
Generators
Real time PDU level load monitoring for loading and PUE segmentation
High Accuracy energy monitoring (utility check-meter, collocutors billing, losses)
Cost effectiveness Power Quality analysis Leakage current alerts HVAC optimization based on actual data at rack
level What-if analysis
Benefits
Distribution Switchboard Metering Scheme
Up to 200m
Temperature & humidity (Analog Inputs)
Up to 54 channels (27 racks)
Split/Solid Core High Accuracy Current Sensor
PDU’s
* BFM unit price based on 54 channel BFM II
Price comparison (CAPEX)
PDU Type Av. Unit price
Av Rack price (A-B)
Delta (from standard PDU)
Regular PDU 200 400 -
Metered PDU 700 1,400 1,000
Smart PDU 1,100 2,200 1,800
Regular PDU + BFM 200+150* 700 300
Error of Measurement (example)
Meter PDU SATEC BFM
Error for single metering point 2% 0.5%
The mean square error of measurement for 1 rack (2 metering points)
2.8% 0.7%
The mean square error of measurement for 1 cage (60 metering points = 30 racks)
15.5% 3.87%
Total Power Reading Error 5kW×30 racks×40% loading×%error ±9.3kW ±2.3kW
Billing error (one cage, one year, US$ 0.15/kWh): US$ 12,220 US$ 3,022
Delta charging per cage US$ 9,198
)()()()( 222 zUyUxUzyxU ++=++
Leakage current control
In advance info – to prevent shutdown and downtime
Leakage current control
Standard 6 pulse (2 pulse for 1~) rectifiers (UPS, server PS) cause harmonics. Modern AFE rectifiers reduce harmonics, but increase transients
Transient frequency are high and can pass-through UPS system “clean network” is not 100% “clean”
High end Power Quality systems upstream and downstream of UPS allow measurement of PQ
With advanced thresholds and logs, prevention action can be conducted and save $$$
Transient Harmonics
Downtime
DC in Russia – lost 20% of servers Finding – Automatic operation of servers at specific
time (acceleration of computing power) lead to over loading of transformation currents
Solution – constant measurement of racks levels + logs + thresholds could provide in-advance notification and save $$$ Down time (reliability)
PQ and Safety Issue
Investments for new DC =3000-5000 USD/m2
DC (1500 m2)= 3-5M$
PQ+ Fault Recorder+ High Accuracy Billing Meter= 3000 USD
Complete System for Power Quality Control needs 10-12k$ Investments 4-5 measured points
Real time PDU level load monitoring for loading and PUE segmentation
High Accuracy energy monitoring (billing, losses) Cost effectiveness Power Quality analysis Leakage current alerts HVAC optimization based on actual data at rack
level What-if analysis
Benefits