Improving Health and sustainability impacts of the edible oil sector in India: A qualitative policy analysis
SoledadCuevas,BhavaniShankar,Suparna Ghosh-Jerath,ShaunaDowns,Aafreen Ayaan,MarcusKeogh-Brown
Context: Production, import and consumption trends
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
1000
MT
TotalImports TotalProduction
IncreasedimportsIncreasedandunequalconsumption
Context: Production, import and consumption trends
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
1000
MT
Oil,Coconut Oil,Cottonseed Oil,Palm
Oil,PalmKernel Oil,Peanut Oil,Rapeseed
Oil,Soybean Oil,Sunflowerseed
SustainabilityinsupplyingcountriesConstraintstodomesticsectorexpansionNutritionandNCD
Context: Production, import and consumption trends
Context: Oil processing industry
Rapidlychangingindustry
ConsolidationandintegrationintolargerfirmsandprocessingunitsIncreasedinfluenceofglobalconsumerbrands
Context: Interacting policy interventions
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90% Jul-0
6 Feb-07
Sep-07
Ap
r-08
Nov-08
Jun-09
Jan-10
Au
g-10
Mar-11
Oct-11
May-12
Dec-12
Jul-1
3 Feb-14
Sep-14
Ap
r-15
Nov-15
Jun-16
TariffR
ate
CrudePalmOil RBDPalmolein
CrudeSoyabeanOil RefinedSoyabeanOil
Endofexportban
NewagriculturepromotionschemeNMOOP
Schemefordistribution
Exportban
What constitutes a desirable outcome?
Achieveasustainable,strongdomesticsectorforoilseeds,reducingimportdependency,whilepromotingabalancedconsumptionofedibleoilsaspartofahealthydiet
Policyanalysis.AdaptedfromGrindleandThomas(1991)
PolicyandregulationTechnologicalFinancial:costsandprofitsOrganizational,ownershipandpower
Characteristicsineachsegment
Methods
ValueChainanalysis
KeypointsforinterventionCoherence
Context
ProcessPolicycharacteristics
Opportunities/Challenges
Expertandstakeholderinterviews.Policydocumentanalysis
TargetingFormalandinformalfoodenvironments
Foodsecurityoriented
interventions
Agriculturalinterventions
Inoilseedsandoilpalm
Tariffsettingandtradepolicy
Key points for coherent intervention
TargetingFormalandinformalfoodenvironments
Foodsecurityoriented
interventions
Agriculturalinterventions
Inoilseedsandoilpalm
Tariffsettingandtradepolicy
Key points for coherent intervention
Typeofintervention Opportunities ChallengesNutrition-sensitiveAgriculturalinterventions
Substantialinvestmentinareasthatcanbeleveragedfornutrition.
Explicitaimforcoherencewithsustainabilityschemes(NMSA)
Perceivedhistoricalfailureandlackofconfidence
Somespecificcharacteristicsofpalmoilasacropandasaneconomicsector
TargetingFormalandinformalfoodenvironments
Foodsecurityoriented
interventions
Agriculturalinterventions
Inoilseedsandoilpalm
Tariffsettingandtradepolicy
Key points for coherent intervention
Typeofintervention Opportunities ChallengesCross-cutting Historyofsectoral
interventioncreaterelevantstructuresformonitoringandcoordination.
NCDprevention,foodsecurityandsustainabilitystillperceivedascompetingagendas
“confusing”scientificevidence
Key insights
• Nosinglepolicyinterventioncanaddressallissues• Advicetoconsumersaboutconsumptionofspecificoilsnothighlyeffective.• Instead,coherenttargetingofkeypointsalongthevaluechain:
1. Thereareopportunitiesforclimateandnutrition-sensitiveagriculturalpoliciesintheoilseedsector
2. Abroaderagendafortariffsettingcouldsupportotherinterventions
3. InitiativestoimprovefoodenvironmentsandcombatNCDaregainingtractionbutarefragmentedandnothighlyvisible.
4. Alignmentofshorttermfoodsecurityorientedinterventions(distributionandfortification)toensurethatshorttermobjectivesarebalancedwithlongtermgoalsinthesector.
References
• Hawkes,Corinna,andMarieTRuel.2012.‘ValueChainsforNutrition’.EditedbyShenggen FanandRajul Pandya-Lorch,73.
• Grindle,Merilee,andJohnThomas.1991.‘PublicChoicesandPolicyChange’.• ProductionSupplyandDistributionDatabase,USDA• Figure2.FattyAcidProfilesofCommonFatsandOils.Source:USDADietaryGuidelinesfor
Americans(USDA,2010)• Shankar,Bhavani,etal."Policiesforhealthyandsustainableedibleoilconsumption:a
stakeholderanalysisforThailand." Publichealthnutrition20.6(2017):1126-1134.https://www.flickr.com/photos/rainforestactionnetwork/5551933172https://www.flickr.com/photos/owenyoung/16729118691https://www.flickr.com/photos/-rhys-/70768600https://www.flickr.com/photos/dnaidoo/9446971081Doughnut,JeromePaz,https://flic.kr/p/7ifgC6https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/