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Improving official statistics in EU for the purposes of emission inventories and climate analysis
Júlio Cabeça, EurostatTask Force on Climate Change related Statistics
Geneva, 19-20 November 2012
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 2
Contents
Eurostat & ESS: role & mission
The inventory process at EU level
The role of Eurostat (data provider) in the inventory
process
Eurostat as user of inventory data
Improving synergies
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 3
Eurostat
Statistical authority of the Union Its mission is to provide the European Union with a high-
quality statistical information service It shall develop, produce and disseminate European
statistics in accordance with the statistical principles of:– Professional independence– Impartiality– Objectivity– Reliability– Statistical confidentiality– Cost-effectiveness
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 4
The European Statistical System
Partnership between– the Community statistical authority, which is the Commission
(Eurostat),– and the national statistical institutes (NSIs)– and other national authorities responsible in each Member
State for the development, production and dissemination of European statistics
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 5
Structure of Eurostat
7 Directorates:– A: Cooperation in the European Statistical System;
international cooperation; resources– B: Corporate statistical and IT services– C: National accounts, prices and key Indicators– D: Government finance statistics (GFS)– E: Sectoral and regional statistics
• E2: Environmental Accounts and Climate Change• E3: Environment and Forestry
– F: Social statistics– G: Global business statistics
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 6
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 7
The EU GHG inventory system
MS1 MS2 MS3 …
EEA
DG CLIMA
UNFCCC
Eurostat
JRC
Improve quality
Harmonise
Evaluate
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 8
The EU GHG inventory system
MS1 MS2 MS3 …
EEA
DG CLIMA
UNFCCC
Eurostat
JRC
Improve quality
Harmonise
Evaluate
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 9
Reference approach (Tier 1)
Top-down approach, straightforward method Uses country’s energy supply data (combustion of mainly
fossil fuels): Estimates CO2 emissions from based on national energy
balance (own production coal, oil, gas + imports – exports) by fuel type without information on activities
Easy/quickly after basic energy balance sheet is available Tool for cross-checking /comparing emission estimates of
CO2 with the sectoral approach (QA/QC) Rough idea of consumption: assumption that everything put
on the market is also consumed i.e. combusted Part of the oil and oil products is not combusted but used for
the production of plastic products etc.
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 10
Reference approach (Tier 1)
Reference approach:– Monthly statistical data reference approach (on a monthly
basis Eurostat only receives supply side data) Sectoral approach (Tier 1):
– Data provided by the consumers (industry, households, etc)– If good quality data, better and more realistic results– More data demanding and more difficult to implement
– Annual statistics can be used for both approaches as they contain supply side data and consumption data from final consumers
Tier 2/Tier 3 approach: detailed technology-based method
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 11
Early CO2 emission estimates
Project "Production of early CO2 emission estimates from
energy statistics"
– Calculation of early CO2 emission estimates (4 to 5 months
after the end of the reference year) using monthly cumulated
energy data
– Evaluation of a trend method to estimate early CO2 emissions
– Project extended
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 12
Analysis of GHG Emission Trends
DG CLIMA's project (JRC):– Objective: development of a method to systematically and
quantitatively analyse the influence of the main emission drivers on emissions trends
– Econometric approach– All GHG emissions excluding LULUCF, for EU27 & MS– Sectoral detail:– all sources (except LULUCF);– sources covered by the EU ETS) & other sources if possible– individual sectors (e.g. transport, power, buildings,
manufacturing industry, chemical industry, agriculture…)
Problem: (short) length of the time series
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 13
Industrial processes sector
Reference approach for the industrial processes sector:– Study if PRODCOM database may serve as an alternative /
complementary information source which would enforce the quality control and would provide a quality assured database
– Explore if PRODCOM data can be used for gap-filling the EC inventory where no country estimate is available for a particular source category
– Verification tool of the reported country data for QA/QC purposes.
Problems: – Confidential data– Sales vs. production
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 14
MS1 MS2 MS3 …
EEA
DG CLIMA
UNFCCC
Eurostat
JRC
Improve quality
Harmonise
Evaluate
The EU GHG inventory system
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 15
MS1 MS2 MS3 …
EEA
DG CLIMA
UNFCCC
Eurostat
JRC
Eurostat as user of inventory data
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 16
MS1 MS2 …
EEA
DG CLIMA
UNFCCC
JRC
Eurostat as user of inventory data
Eurostat
MS3
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 17
Eurostat as user of inventory data
Eurostat
UNFCCC
DG CLIMA
JRC
EEA
MS1 MS2 … ONS1 ONS2 …
Environmental Accounts
Nat
iona
l A
ccou
nts
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 18
Air Emissions Accounts
Reporting tables:– Air emissions by industry (NACE Rev. 2 – A*64):
• … Agriculture
• …• …• …
Services• …
– Household air emissions:• Transport• Heating/cooling• Other
– Bridging items
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 19
Air emissions accounts
Bridging items:Total air emission accounts (industry + households)
Less national residents abroad
– National fishing vessels operating abroad
– Land transport
– Water transport
– Air transport
Plus non-residents on the territory
+ Land transport
+ Water transport
+ Air transport
(+ or –) Other adjustments and statistical discrepancies
= Total emissions (pollutant X) reported to UNFCCC/CLRTAP
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 20
Residence vs. territorial principle
Residents Non-Residents
National Territory
Emissions on national territory by resident units
Emissions on national territory by non-resident units (foreign tourists, foreign transportation enterprises, foreign fishing vessels, embassies, etc.)
Emission inventory
Rest of the World
Emissions by resident units operating abroad (tourists, transportation enterprises, fishing vessels, embassies, military operations, etc.)
Air emissions accounts
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 21
Air Emissions Accounts
Regulation No. 691/2011 Time series:
– 1995-2007: NACE Rev. 1.1– 2008 onwards: NACE Rev. 2
Connected with National Accounts (Supply and Use, Input-Output Tables)
Modelling to obtain consumption approach: emissions embedded in imported goods consumed in EU– Other environmental extensions to SUIOT
Change from NACE Rev. 1.1 to NACE Rev. 2:– Break of times series– Decrease in detail of economic activities relevant to
environment (information lost)
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 22
Other work of Eurostat
Other modules in Reg. 691/2011:– Environmental taxes (annex 1)– Material Flow Accounts (annex 3)
To include in the future:– Environmental protection expenditure
• CEPA1: Protection of ambient air and climate (mitigation)– Environmental Goods and Services– Energy accounts
– …
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 23
Environmentally-extended SUIO
Ee-SUIOT framework incorporates DPSIR model at different stages:– Economic activity (e.g. output, GVA, employment)– Data on environmental pressures (GHG, other air pollutants)– Indicators– Responses (e.g. mitigation, adaptation, environmental taxes,
changes of consumption patterns) Incorporate environment into the macro-economic and
sustainable consumption and production policies
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 24
Improving synergies
Eurostat
UNFCCC
DG CLIMA
JRC
EEA
Env Ag ONS ONS ONS
Environmental Accounts
Nat
iona
l A
ccou
nts
Env Ag EnvAg
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 25
Improving synergies
Eurostat
UNFCCC
DG CLIMA
EEA
Env Ag ONS ONSEnvAg
National level
World level
UNSD
Data sourcesData exchange
Data exchangeHarmonisation
ClassificationsStandards
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 26
Improving synergies
Eurostat
National level
World level
UNSD
Data sourcesData exchange
Env Ag
Env Ag ONS
ONS
EEA
DG CLIMA
UNFCCC
Data exchangeHarmonisation
Policy questionData needs
ClassificationsStandards
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 27
Summary
EU GHG inventories (mostly) under responsibility of DG CLIMA, EEA and national Environmental Agencies
Eurostat contributes with data (e.g. reference approach) Eurostat publishes data on Air Emissions Accounts (which
address other policy questions and complement inventories) Environmental accounts link environmental pressures with
economic activity and to responses Need to intensify links between two networks:
– Statistical system– Environmental agencies
Better align classifications of UNFCCC and ISIC (NACE) Important to understand what are the policy questions and
data needs
19-20 Nov 2012 Improving official statistics 28
Thank you…
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/environmental_accounts/introduction