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Improving Regional and Improving Regional and Ecosystem-Based Ocean Ecosystem-Based Ocean
ManagementManagement
Bob Tudor, DRBCBob Tudor, DRBC
Urban Coast Institute, Monmouth Urban Coast Institute, Monmouth UniversityUniversity
April 14, 2008April 14, 2008
Basin Facts
● Largest un-dammed river east of the Mississippi – 330 miles
● 13,539 square mile drainage
● 17 million water users
● Largest freshwater port in the world
● Three reaches included in National Wild and Scenic River System
● World class trout fishery in the tailwaters of the NYC reservoirs
● Tremendous economic significance for the region.
Why an integrated regional approach in Why an integrated regional approach in the Delaware River Basin and Near-shore the Delaware River Basin and Near-shore Coast?Coast?
Manageable environmental problemsManageable environmental problems Shared Resource/Shared Sense of RegionShared Resource/Shared Sense of Region Management Issues transcend political Management Issues transcend political
and jurisdictional boundaries and require and jurisdictional boundaries and require vertical and horizontal coordinationvertical and horizontal coordination
Partnering: Need to leverage talents and Partnering: Need to leverage talents and resources of multiple partners, including resources of multiple partners, including private sector corporationsprivate sector corporations
Ecosystem-based Ecosystem-based Management Management
Ecosystem Structure, Function, and Ecosystem Structure, Function, and Key Key ProcessesProcesses
Interconnectedness among Systems: Interconnectedness among Systems: 1.1. Air, Land, and SeaAir, Land, and Sea2.2. River, Estuary, OceanRiver, Estuary, Ocean3.3. Physical, Chemical and BiologicalPhysical, Chemical and Biological
Interconnectedness among Sectors Interconnectedness among Sectors and Institutions:and Institutions:
1.1. Ecology, Society, EconomyEcology, Society, Economy2.2. Government, Academia, Private, Non-profitGovernment, Academia, Private, Non-profit
DRBC: Ecological FlowsDRBC: Ecological Flows
Reservoir Management for Multiple Reservoir Management for Multiple Objectives: Water Supply; Flood Objectives: Water Supply; Flood Mitigation and Ecological FlowMitigation and Ecological Flow
Ecology Endpoints: Trout, Dwarf Ecology Endpoints: Trout, Dwarf Wedgemussel, Warmwater Fishes, Wedgemussel, Warmwater Fishes, Oyster Oyster
Partners: Feds, States, TNC, TU, Partners: Feds, States, TNC, TU, DRF,DRF,PDE, Academy of Natural Sciences PDE, Academy of Natural Sciences
Penta-PCB Load by Source CategorySept 2001 through March 2003
9.22
6.56
5.26
4.00 3.903.47
2.34 2.19
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
Non-PointSource Runoff
PointDischarges
Delaware atTrenton
Schuylkill ContaminatedSites (revised)
All OtherTributaries
Atmosphericwet and drydeposition
CSOs
Source Category
577-
da
y P
enta
PC
B L
oad
(kg
)
PDE: Delaware Estuary PDE: Delaware Estuary Operational NeedsOperational Needs
Top Six Operational NeedsTop Six Operational Needs
1. Strengthen 1. Strengthen Linkages Between Science and Linkages Between Science and ManagementManagement
2. Develop a 2. Develop a Conceptual FrameworkConceptual Framework Describing the Describing the EcosystemEcosystem
3. Implement an 3. Implement an Ecosystem ManagementEcosystem Management Approach Approach
4. Grow the 4. Grow the MonitoringMonitoring Infrastructure and Link to Improved Infrastructure and Link to Improved Indicators and GoalsIndicators and Goals
5. Improve 5. Improve DataData Coordination, Compatibility, Quality, Sharing, Coordination, Compatibility, Quality, Sharing, Access and ArchivingAccess and Archiving
6. 6. EducateEducate Public and Build Public and Build Identity Identity for Defining Traits and for Defining Traits and IssuesIssues
PDE: Delaware Estuary PDE: Delaware Estuary Technical NeedsTechnical Needs
1. 1. ContaminantsContaminants (forms, sources, fates & effects for different classes) (forms, sources, fates & effects for different classes)
2. 2. Tidal WetlandsTidal Wetlands (status, trends and relative importance of different (status, trends and relative importance of different types)types)
3. 3. Ecologically Significant Species & Critical HabitatsEcologically Significant Species & Critical Habitats (oysters, (oysters, benthos, horseshoe crabs)benthos, horseshoe crabs)
4. 4. Ecological FlowsEcological Flows (effects of flow changes on salt balance & biota) (effects of flow changes on salt balance & biota)
5. Physical-Chemical-Biological Linkages (e.g., sediment budgets, toxics & biota)
6. 6. Food Web DynamicsFood Web Dynamics (key trophic connections among functional (key trophic connections among functional dominant biota)dominant biota)
7. 7. NutrientsNutrients (forms, concentrations and balance of macro- and (forms, concentrations and balance of macro- and micronutrients)micronutrients)
8. Ecosystem Functions (assessment and economic valuation of ecosystem services)
9. 9. Habitat Restoration and EnhancementHabitat Restoration and Enhancement (science & policy) (science & policy)
10.10. Invasive Species Invasive Species (monitoring, management & control) (monitoring, management & control)
Number of Cells = 141
Main
Cha
nnel
Tribu
tarie
s to
Delaw
are
Rive
r (e
.g.,
Lehig
h)
Schu
ylkill
Rive
r &
Its T
ribut
aries
Chris
tina
Rive
r &
Its T
ribut
aries
Othe
r Trib
utar
ies
Main
Cha
nnel
Shall
ow S
ubtid
al
Inte
rtida
l Edg
es,
Shor
eline
s
Wet
lands
Main
Cha
nnel
Shall
ow S
ubtid
al
Inte
rtida
l Edg
es,
Shor
eline
s
Wet
lands
Main
Cha
nnel
Shall
ow S
ubtid
al
Inte
rtida
l Edg
es,
Shor
eline
s
Wet
lands
Physical 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a 6a 7a 8a 9a 10a 11a 12a 13a 14a 15a 16a 17a
Chemical 1b 2b 3b 4b 5b 6b 7b 8b 9b 10b 11b 12b 13b 14b 15b 16b 17b
Biological 1c 2c 3c 4c 5c 6c 7c 8c 9c 10c 11c 12c 13c 14c 15c 16c 17c
Physical 1d 2d 3d 4d 5d 6d 7d 8d 9d 10d 11d 12d 13d 14d 15d 16d 17d
Chemical 1e 2e 3e 4e 5e 6e 7e 8e 9e 10e 11e 12e 13e 14e 15e 16e 17e
Biological 1f 2f 3f 4f 5f 6f 7f 8f 9f 10f 11f 12f 13f 14f 15f 16f 17f
8g 9g 12g 13g 16g 17g
1h 2h 3h 4h 5h
1i 2i 3i 4i 5i 8i 9i 12i 13i 16i 17i
1j 2j 3j 4j 5j 6j 7j 8j 9j 10j 11j 12j 13j 14j 15j 16j 17j
Watershed Uplands**
Terrestrial
* Tidal buffers refer to upland areas immediately adjacent to tidal wetlands and shorelines that are at an elevation of less than 2 m above mean high tide. These are areas most susceptible to sea level rise and most important for managing the landward migration of shorelines and wetlands. ** Terrestrial areas are distinguished as being either riparian zone habitat (here termed "riparian buffers") or watershed uplands, which is here taken to include forests, meadows, and developed lands. The width of the riparian buffer will depend on the data source, with preference for the most widely adopted standards.
Aquatic
Approximately River Mile 58 to 82Approximately River Mile 82 to 133 Approximately River Mile 0 to 58
Pelagic
Benthic
Delaware River (above River Mile
133)
Other Rivers and Streams (below River Mile
133)
Conceptual Matrix for the Delaware Estuary Ecosystem
Socioeconiomic
Bay (>8 ppt)
Tidal Buffers*
Riparian Buffers**
Tidal Estuary
Freshwater
Nontidal Watershed
Freshwater (<1 ppt) Brackish (1-8 ppt)
Climate ChangeClimate Change Management Endpoints: Management Endpoints:
Drinking Water, DO, Sensitive Biological Communities, Drinking Water, DO, Sensitive Biological Communities, Phytoplankton Community CompositionPhytoplankton Community Composition
Drivers: Drivers: Sea Level Rise, Salinity Changes, Shifted Rainfall/Runoff Sea Level Rise, Salinity Changes, Shifted Rainfall/Runoff Patterns, Shifted Air Temperature and Solar RadiationPatterns, Shifted Air Temperature and Solar Radiation
Model Scaling and Linkages: Model Scaling and Linkages: Global Climate, Regional Climate, Regional Hydrologic, Global Climate, Regional Climate, Regional Hydrologic, Estuarine Hydrodynamic, and Regional Water QualityEstuarine Hydrodynamic, and Regional Water Quality
Scenario Assessment and ForecastingScenario Assessment and Forecasting Partners: NOAA (NWS,NOS,OAR); EPA; Rutgers; State Partners: NOAA (NWS,NOS,OAR); EPA; Rutgers; State
Resource Managers; PDEResource Managers; PDE
Investigator Affiliation Investigator Affiliation
A. Allen U.S. Coast Guard L. Atkinson Old Dominion University
A. F. Blumberg Stevens Institute of Technology
W. Boicourt University of Maryland
W. Brown University of Massachusetts
M. Bruno Stevens Institute of Technology
D. Chapman University of Delaware A. Cope NOAA Mount Holly WFO
A.Gangopadhyay University of Massachusetts
T. Herrington Stevens Institute of Technology
D. Holloway OPeNDAP E. Howlett Applied Science Associates
D. King University of Maryland J. Kohut Rutgers University
B. Lipphardt University of Delaware A.MacDonald Monmouth University
J. McDonnell Rutgers University J. Moisan NASA Wallops
J. O’Donnell University of Connecticut M. Oliver Rutgers University
O. Schofield Rutgers University H. Seim University of North Carolina
J. Titlow WeatherFlow Inc. D. Ullman University of Rhode Island
J. Wilkin Rutgers University R. Wilson SUNY, Stony Brook
W. Wittman Public Service Electric & Gas
M. Yarosh CIT
A. Voros NY/NJ COAST S. Glenn Rutgers University
Phased Deployment and Operation of the
Mid-Atlantic Regional Coastal Ocean Observing
System (MARCOOS)
30 Co-PIs, 20 Institutions
NWS WFOsStd Radar SitesMesonet StationsLR HF Radar SitesGlider AUV TracksUSCG SLDMB TracksNDBC Offshore PlatformsCODAR Daily Average Currents
MARCOOS Regional Theme 2: Ecological Decision Support - Fisheries
SST from Satellites Subsurface T from Gliders Forecast T from Models
Global Summer-Winter Temperature Difference Migratory Fish Populations
High Profile, Region Scale High Profile, Region Scale Problems (Problems (TechnicalTechnical and and InstitutionalInstitutional))
Ecological FlowsEcological Flows Contaminants: PCB LoadingsContaminants: PCB Loadings Consequences of Climate ChangeConsequences of Climate Change Sustainable FisheriesSustainable Fisheries Improve Improve DataData Coordination, Compatibility, Coordination, Compatibility,
Quality, Sharing, Access and ArchivingQuality, Sharing, Access and Archiving Grow the Grow the Monitoring and ModelingMonitoring and Modeling
Infrastructure and Link to Improved Indicators Infrastructure and Link to Improved Indicators and EBM Success Criteriaand EBM Success Criteria
Grow Institutional Capacity for Regional Grow Institutional Capacity for Regional Collaboration: DRBC, PDE, MACOORACollaboration: DRBC, PDE, MACOORA
Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts Ecosystem-based management implies that:Ecosystem-based management implies that:1.1. We have measurements of ecosystem condition, and We have measurements of ecosystem condition, and 2.2. We have scientifically sound criteria to judge whether the We have scientifically sound criteria to judge whether the
ecosystem is impaired or not.ecosystem is impaired or not. Current state of ocean management using biological criteria is Current state of ocean management using biological criteria is
very inadequate. (Example- no recognized measure of benthic very inadequate. (Example- no recognized measure of benthic community diversity and biomass to measure health of this community diversity and biomass to measure health of this significant resource component)significant resource component)
MACOORA is making good progress on physical/chemical data MACOORA is making good progress on physical/chemical data front, more help is needed on spatial and temporal trends of front, more help is needed on spatial and temporal trends of biological communities.biological communities.
Need to link physical/chemical data to biological data to better Need to link physical/chemical data to biological data to better assess cause and effect relationships of ecosystem assess cause and effect relationships of ecosystem impairment.impairment.
Regional collaboration is needed among state and federal Regional collaboration is needed among state and federal managers and academic researchers to develop systems-managers and academic researchers to develop systems-based monitoring, data management, and assessment based monitoring, data management, and assessment capacity. capacity.