1

Improving safety oversight through technical cooperation and transparency of information

2

Strengthening aviation safety oversight through technical cooperation

The overall level of compliance with ICAO standards remains unsatisfactory

It is the responsibility of the international aviation community to assist those States which are unable to discharge their safety obligations

Particular attention should be given to States with unresolved ‘Significant Safety Concerns’ (SSC)

The pooling of resources through regional organisations can constitute an efficient means of strengthening safety

The coordinating role of ICAO is of paramount importance The newly developed ICAO policy on regional governance is

particularly welcome

3

Strengthening aviation safety oversight through enhanced transparency

Transparency in safety performance is fundamental to a safe air transport system. It is also an essential pre-requisite for a sound mutual recognition system

Progress in the promotion of transparency was achieved through the procedure of disclosing the USOAP information to the public

In Europe, transparency is further pursued through a procedure for establishing a list of unsafe airlines

The listing of unsafe airlines has proved to be effective in correcting significant safety deficiencies and serves as a strong incentive to worldwide air carriers and civil aviation authorities to continuously improve safety

4

Relationship between transparency and enforcement

It is also the responsibility of the international community to take action in cases of persistent disregard for aviation safety

Action needs to be taken to minimize the continuing aviation safety risk to the travelling public

Europe also calls for the disclosure of unresolved SSCs not only on the ICAO secure website but also in the public domain, while ensuring that passengers are informed of an increased safety risk

It is also proposed that no new airline designator codes should be issued by ICAO to airlines under the responsibility of a State with an unresolved SSC

The criteria for the application of the SSC procedure are worthy reviewing

5

Proposals for the Conference

Call upon the contracting CSs, regional organisations, donors and ICAO to more actively coordinate their technical cooperation efforts giving particular priority to regional cooperation projects

Call upon ICAO to convene a series of meetings to identify support for States with unresolved SSCs

Invite CSs to agree to make public unresolved SSCs and to call upon ICAO to bring to the attention of CSs and Regional Organisations all significant-safety infractions of the Convention

6

Proposals for the Conference

Call upon ICAO to give urgent consideration to communicating to the traveling public information about the way States are discharging their safety obligations

Recommend ICAO procedures are developed not to issue airline designator codes to airlines under the responsibility of a CS subject to an unresolved SSC

Call upon ICAO and CSs to review SSC criteria in view of USOAP findings, their severity, the level of effective implementation of SARPs and relevant differences filed against ICAO SARPs

7

Development of a new “State Safety Management” annex

8

There is a need to document more clearly the various safety tasks which lie with States by bringing them in a new Annex to the Chicago Convention “State Safety Management”

SSP Framework: ICAO Annexes 1, 6, 8, 11, 13 and 14. Consistency and clarity would be better served if these provisions were not scattered in such way

The new Annex offers an opportunity to resolve current terminological inconsistencies and to clarify the SSP concept and its relationship to the industry mandated SMS provisions and the “critical elements” of a State Safety Oversight System

9

Contents of the new Annex

State Safety Programme provisions and its relationship to the 8 critical elements of a State Safety Oversight System

High-level Safety Management System requirements. Industry-specific SMS mandates should remain in

their respective Annexes Measures in Chapter 8 of Annex 13 concerning

accident prevention Specific provisions dealing with investigation

activity should remain in Annex 13 to give visibility as well as reflect the independence of the safety investigation process

10

Proposals for the Conference

For the next Assembly, recommend that ICAO Council, taking into account its cost-effectiveness, studies the opportunity of creating a new Annex to the Chicago Convention entitled “State Safety Management”

11

Safeguarding flight data and locating/recovering on-board recorders

12

Following recent accidents French BEA established a Flight Data Recovery Working Group to look into new technology to safeguard flight data to facilitate the location and recovery of on-board recorders

Items of reference were to: Propose solutions to enhance the recovery of flight data after

an accident Asses the technical feasibility of each solution Present the advantages and disadvantages of each solution Present the degree of “maturity” as well as the cost of each

solution The Flight Data Recovery Working Group did not cover legal

aspects

13

Within the framework of the AF447 investigation, the BEA issued safety recommendations based on the work done by the Working Group, settled on three areas for significant improvements in safety: Increasing the transmission time and range of the

ULB beacons The sending of data on initialisation The installation of deployable recorders

AIG2008 agreed to recommend the implementation of Paragraph 5.12 and associated Attachment E

14

Proposals for the Conference

Recommend ICAO to evaluate changes in flight data recording and protection and propose changes in the appropriate Annexes It could be done by the FLIRECP panel,

transformed to also address data protection and other topics raised by AIG2008

15

Permanent communications with aircraft over oceanic areas

16

Loss of AF447 highlighted that non-permanent communication may adversely impact on the timely launching of search and rescue

phases aircraft wreckage recovery

Potential of improved surveillance and route conformance monitoring Enhance flight safety and efficiency

17

Proposals for the Conference

Call on ICAO to:

undertake a comprehensive review of potential short term enhancements to flight tracking and route conformance monitoring capabilities ADS-C and CPDLC capabilities through satellite

communications. review means and procedures which mitigate HF

communication reliability issues over the high seas review the use of modern communication technologies in

case of emergency explore longer term solutions to those issues, taking

account existing regional initiatives OPTIMI

report by the Council to the 37th Assembly

18

The application of safety management principles to the design of flight deck activities

19

Information from many sources provides evidence of breakdown in flight deck activities leading to serious events or unsafe situations

Despite the interventions, based on applied human factor research (i.e. SOPs, CRM), to the design of flight deck activities, proper and effective checklist and SOP design continues to be an industry concern

The application of safety management principles to flight deck activities has a promising potential to protect against safety vulnerabilities during high workload phases of flight operations

20

Application of safety management principles should encompass two aspects Flight crew training:

Need for broad implementation of Threat and Error Management (TEM) training

Flight deck activities design and standardization: Checklist design Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for checklist execution,

including flight crew briefings Flight deck procedures and their relationship to the external flight

environment The design criteria for certification of warning systems (i.e. TOWS,

LWS) Flight crew training addressing the essential role checklists play

and the need for strict adherence to the procedures established to support their execution

21

Proposals for the Conference

Propose that ICAO addresses and supports the need for broad implementation of the principles of TEM training for flight crews and;

With the support of a group of experts from States and industry stakeholders, ICAO: studies the application of safety management principles and

methodologies for the design and implementation of checklists and flight deck procedures, as well as for the certification criteria of warning systems, with a particular emphasis to the critical phases of flight operations

develops guidelines applicable to such an application develops as necessary standards and recommended practices

on the subject

22

Future pilot training

23

EASA Pilot training conference (1)

The EASA International Training Conference identified the following concerns about current pilot training: Good organisational safety culture needs to be encouraged Growing body of evidence that over-reliance on automatics

can lead to dependency, complacency and confusion Highly automated aeroplanes mean:

fewer opportunities for manual flying skills to be used positive impacts on: safety, operational and fuel efficiency

and reduction of emissions The ability to recover from unusual aircraft attitudes should be

optimized

24

EASA Pilot training conference (2)

Other topics addressed: Training methods;

Prescriptive training=> competency and evidence-based training

Pilot selection Instructor training Analysis of incidents and accidents to identify

training needs “Negative” training should be better understood

and clear guidance made available

25

Need for further work

Lack of detailed quantitative data to better understand the part played by pilot

training in accidents and incidents To continue with analyses that may help identify

other courses of action that will prove to have safety benefits The exchange of relevant safety information plays

an important role Multi-crew Pilot Licence (MPL) implementation has

been poor and its review is needed Threat and Error Management (TEM) training

should be encouraged

26

Proposals for the Conference

Recommend to ICAO the establishment of a working group to:a) Seek a global consensus on the approach for

future pilot training, reviewingi. Rules for MPLii. Work done in evidence-based and competency-

basedb) Review requirements to guard against the loss of

manual flying skillsc) Support the need for broad implementation of

Threat and Error Management training for pilots