Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.1
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms:
Updates to ASHRAE Standard 170
Course: PTP 3010AIA Provider #J877
Price Industries is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-AIA members are available upon request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA or any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.2
COPYRIGHT MATERIALS
This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws.
Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written
permission of the speaker is prohibited.
Price Industries, Inc., 2013.
Learning ObjectivesAt the end of this presentation, you should understand:
• What are the recent addendums for ASHRAE Standard 170 pertaining to patient spaces
• What is Addendum G to ASHRAE Standard 170• What is Addendum H to ASHRAE Standard 170• What is an Active Chilled Beam and how do it work• What is Displacement Ventilation and how does it work• How can displacement ventilation be used to provide
heating and cooling and reduce cost of heating and cooling patient rooms
• How can Active Chilled Beams be used to provide heating and cooling and reduce the cost of heating and cooling patient rooms
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.3
Introduction – Health Care Ventilation Standards
Displacement1. Overview2. Theory and Design Considerations3. Patient Room Example
Chilled Beams1. Overview2. Theory and Design Considerations3. Patient Room Example
Outline
Emerging Health Care Design TrendsHealth Care Ventilation Standards
ASHRAEStandard 170 – 2008
AIA 2006(Adopted by 42 States)
AIA 2010(Includes ASHRAE 170)
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.4
Emerging Health Care Design TrendsHealth Care Ventilation Standards
Recently published ASHRAE 170 addendums:
• Addendum G – Further definition of Air Diffusers for Patient Rooms (Displacement)
• Addendum H – Further definition of Recirculating Room HVAC units (Chilled Beams)
Single bed patient rooms Group A, Group D, or Group E
All other patient care spaces
Group A or Group E
All other spaces No Requirement
ASHRAE standard 170
Emerging Health Care Design TrendsHealth Care Ventilation Standards
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.5
Table 7 – 1, Notes(s) For single bed patient rooms using Group D diffusers, a minimum of six total air changes per hour shall be provided and calculated based on the volume from finished floor to six feet above the floor 6’- 0”
ASHRAE standard 170, Addendum G
Emerging Health Care Design TrendsHealth Care Ventilation Standards
Emerging Health Care Design TrendsHealth Care Ventilation Standards
ASHRAE standard 170, Addendum H
Table 7 – 1, Notes(a) The portion of the ‘Minimum Total ach’ required for a space that is greater than the ‘Minimum Outdoor ach’ required component may be provided by recirculating room HVAC units. Such recirculating room HVAC units shall:
(1) Not receive non-filtered, non-conditioned outdoor air,(2) Serve only a single space,(3) Provide a minimum MERV 6 filter for the airflow passing over any surface
that is designed to condense water….
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.6
DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION
History of Displacement Systems:
• Utilized in Europe for over 30 years
• Origins in industrial facilities
• #1 choice for industrial facilities in Europe
• Applied to commercial market in the 1980’s
• Becoming popular in North America
Displacement Ventilation
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.7
Review of Mixing systems:
• 55°F Supply Air
• Mix the entire space
• Diffusers drive air motion
• High velocity supply
Displacement Ventilation
Displacement Systems:
• 65-68°F supply air
• Low velocity
• No mixing in space
• Heat sources drive air motion
• Stratified heat, contaminants
• Only conditions the occupied zone
Displacement Ventilation
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.8
Energy Savings
• Heating, cooling and ventilation consume 42% of typical office energy
• Possible reductions with displacement:• Ventilation requirements
• Static pressures
• Heating requirement
• Cooling hours (economizer)
Displacement VentilationBenefits
Improved thermal comfort
• Warmer supply temperature
• Reduced face velocity
• Reduced draft risk
• Air drawn to heat sources
Displacement VentilationBenefits
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.9
Common Applications:
• Schools
• Theaters
• Casinos
• Airports
• Healthcare
• Halls & Conference Rooms
• Offices & Lobby Areas
• Restaurants & Cafeterias
• Industrial Spaces
Displacement Ventilation
Thermal Plumes:
• Heat sources drive air motion
Displacement Ventilation
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.10
Layout:
• Air is drawn to heat sources
• Cool supply air flows around:
- Complex geometries
- Furniture
- Obstructions
Displacement Ventilation
2-10 °F Cooling 0‐5 °F Heating 5 °F+ Heating
Heating with Displacement:
Displacement Ventilation
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.11
Heating with Displacement:• Perimeter Radiation
• Diffusers with Integrated Heat
• Radiant Ceiling Panels
• Fan Coil Units
Displacement Ventilation
Displacement Ventilation Velocity Profile
Displacement Ventilation – HealthcarePatient Room
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.12
Hospital Mockup• IAQ testing
• Tracer gas injected
• Test for:
• Ventilation effectiveness
• Contaminant exposure
Displacement Ventilation – HealthcarePatient Room
Hospital Mockup• IAQ testing
• Tracer gas injected
• Test for:
• Ventilation effectiveness
• Contaminant exposure
Displacement Ventilation – HealthcarePatient Room
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.13
Patient RoomOutsideCondition
Supply Type Airflow VentilationEfficiency
Summer
DF1W – Low Sidewall DV 80 1.28
DF1L – Overhead DV 80 1.14
SCD – Square Cone 80 0.65
Winter
DF1W – Low Sidewall DV 80 1.14
DF1L – Overhead DV 80 1.06
SCD – Square Cone 160 0.92
Displacement Ventilation – HealthcarePatient Room
AIR DISTRIBUTION METHOD OverheadDisplacement
Ventilation(low)
Displacement Ventilation
(high)
Supply Air Volume 290 190 190
Corresponding ACH 6 4 4
VENTILATION EFFECTIVENESS
1.24 1.41 1.27
Displacement Ventilation – HealthcarePatient Room
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.14
Waiting Room
Supply Type CFM ACH VE
SCD – Square Cone 1800 12 0.90
DF1L – Overhead DV 1200 8 1.09
DF1W – Low Sidewall DV 900 6 1.04
Displacement Ventilation – HealthcareHospital Waiting Room
Hydronic SystemsHistory and Introduction
• Started in Europe approx. 60 years agoo Metal ceilingso Radiant systems
• Seeking more capacityo Passive chilled beams
• Integration of ventilation systemo Active chilled beams
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.15
Air-Water Systems
THE GOAL
• Maintain occupant comfort
• Minimize energy consumption– Reduce fan energy
– Reduce heat loads from
equipment
CBS Newsletter, Fall 1994 http:/eetd.lbl.gov/newsletter/CBS_NL/n14/RadiantCooling.html
• Cooling and heating are moved more efficiently through water than air – less transportation power and less space required
• Still need ventilation air
Why Use Air‐Water Systems?
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.16
Applications
• Laboratories• Office Buildings• Hospital Patient Rooms and Ancillary Spaces• Pharmacies• Schools• Hotels, Dorms
Applications‐ Suitability
Legend:
■ Humidity is of less concern
■ Additional care to control building moisture
■ Humidity must be carefully considered
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.17
Air‐Water Systems
Latent vs. Sensible Cooling
Sensible cooling:• Removal of heat that causes a change in
temperature without changing water vapor content.
Latent cooling:• Removal of moisture in the air.
Condensation• Condensation formation generally takes a while,
not like a glass• Large surface area on which to condense
Room Side Cooling
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.18
Air‐Water SystemsWater is for Room Side Sensible Only Cooling
Humidity control• Airside to meet 100% of latent load
• Infiltration • Maximum occupancy• Other sources
• Maintain CHWS Temperature higher than dewpoint – 2 to 3 °F
• Controls• Monitor transport network and
humidity level
• Do not apply where humidity control can be lost
• Small retail, lobby areas, etc.
Air‐Water SystemsBenefitsEnergy Efficiency• Reduced system horsepower
• Wet side economization – “Free cooling”
Smaller Mechanical System• Lower floor‐to‐floor heights
• Smaller risers – increased tenant floor space
Reduced Maintenance• No moving parts, filters or electrical
• No drain pans
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.19
Air‐Water SystemsBenefits
Improved thermal comfort• Low draft risk
Improved indoor air quality• Effective when using 100% DOAS
Silent mechanical system• Water side of system has low noise
• Smaller Air side of system less noise than all air
HOW DO THEY WORK?
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.20
Chilled BeamsActive and Passive
• Convective heating and cooling
• Higher capacities than panels and sails
• Integrated airflow for Active Beams
• 2 types:o Passive Chilled Beam
o Active Chilled Beam
• Active beams induce room air• Dependent on primary airflow• Nozzle size
• 2 or 4 pipe coil• Linear or modular
Active Chilled Beams
Operation
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.21
Reduced primary air quantity• From 6 ACH to 2 ACH (100% OA)• Reduces fan power• Significantly reduces reheat requirement• Chilled beam chilled water return (62°F to 65°F)
can be used to provide reheat
Eliminates common return • Reduce hospital associated infection
Provides lower noise level & better healing environment
Active Beams in Health CareTheory and Design Considerations
Patient Room• 300 ft²• 2 ACH = 90 cfm, 6 ACH = 270 cfm• Internal Cooling Load: 6,000 btu/hr sensible, 400 btu/hr latent
Item Chilled Beam VAV
Required Airflow 90 CFM 270 CFM
Outside Airflow 90 CFM 90 CFM
Supply Temp 55 54
Required Pressure .52” 1.0”
Coil LAT 50 54
CHWS Temp 57° F to 62° F 45° F to 55° F
Active Beams in Health CarePatient Room Energy Example
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.22
Patient Room• Active Beam Selection
• 2’x8’ ‐ 6000 Btu/hr
Condition Result
Airflow 90 cfm
Sound NC 21 (@5”)
Pressure drop 0.55”
Water flow rate 1.35 gpm
Water head loss 6.9’
Active Beams in Health CarePatient Room Energy Example
Energy Comparison
Notes: 1 kw per hp, 1 kw per ton, $0.10 per kwh, $1.00 per therm
Item Chilled Beam VAV
Fan Power per Room 0.103 bhp 0.308 bhp
Reheat per year 20.2 therms 159.3 therms
Overcooling per year 129 ton hours 1017 ton hours
Fan heat savings 291.6 btu/hr 874.8 btu/hr
Energy Savings 3,110 kwh & 139 therms per year
Cost Savings per Room $450 per year
Active Beams in Health CarePatient Room Energy Example
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.23
Active Beams in Health Care
Jasper Memorial Hospital – Jasper, IN
Pharmacy section of hospitalHigh thermal comfortExpected to be used again in the
hospitalRenovation with low ceiling
heights
Active Beams in Health Care
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.24
Radiant Panels
• Primarily radiant heating/cooling – no airflow
• Quick response to load demand
• Used along perimeters or spot cooling interior
• 2 types: Linear (RPL) & Modular (RPM)
RPM
Hydronic Systems
Hydronic Systems
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.25
Chilled Sails
• Radiant and convective cooling
• Increased performance over panels
• Profiles and free area encourage convection
• Architectural integration
Hydronic Systems
Laboratory Office Conference Room
Hydronic Systems
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.26
Active Chilled Beams
Active and Passive BeamsCombination
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.27
Passive Beams
Laboratory AUDI Museum
Passive Beams
Hydronic Systems
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.28
Woods Lab, TN Bourne School, MA
Active Beams
Hydronic Systems
Hydronic Systems
Active Beam Performance• No NA test standards
• No NA rating program
• Currently tested to:
• DIN14037 – heated ceilings
• DIN14240 – chilled ceilings
• DIN15116 – active beams
• DIN14518 – passive beams
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.29
Hydronic Systems
Active Beam Performance
• Applicable Standards
– Capacity
• EN 15116
• ASHRAE Standard 200P– In development
• AHRI Standard 1240P– Mostly complete
Engineering Support
Mock ups help to evaluate design options
• Evaluate comfort, capacity, other
– Air velocity, temperature
• Identify opportunities to optimize the design
Improving the Healing Environment in Patient Rooms: Update to ASHRAE 170
Copyright 2013, All Rights Reserved - Price Industries, Inc.30
Questions?This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education
Systems Program
www.price-hvac.com