Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
JOURNALISM AND THE PERIODICAL PRESSIN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN
Newly commissioned essays by leading scholars offer a comprehen-sive and authoritative overview of the diversity, range and impact ofthe newspaper and periodical press in nineteenth-century Britain.Essays range from studies of periodical formats in the nineteenthcentury – reviews, magazines and newspapers – to accounts ofindividual journalists, many of them eminent writers of the day.The uneasy relationship between the new ‘profession’ of journalismand the evolving profession of authorship is investigated, as is theimpact of technological innovations, such as the telegraph, thetypewriter and new processes of illustration; contributors go on toconsider the transnational and global dimensions of the British pressand its impact in the rest of the world. As digitisation of historicalmedia opens up new avenues of research, the collection reveals thecentrality of the press to our understanding of the nineteenthcentury.
joanne shattock is Emeritus Professor of Victorian Literature atthe University of Leicester. Her books include Politics and Reviewers:the Edinburgh and the Quarterly in the Early Victorian Age (1989); theOxford Guide to British Women Writers (1993); and as editor, TheCambridge Bibliography of English Literature 1800–1900 (Cambridge,1999), Women and Literature in Britain (Cambridge, 2001), and TheCambridge Companion to English Literature (Cambridge, 2010). She isthe editor of The Works of Elizabeth Gaskell, 10 vols. (2005–06), andco-editor with Elisabeth Jay of Selected Works of Margaret Oliphant, 25vols. (2011–16). She is Past President of the Research Society forVictorian Periodicals and was Founding President of the BritishAssociation for Victorian Studies (2000–03).
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
6.1 Charles Jameson Grant, lithographed page of the Caricaturist –A Monthly Show Up (London: Steill, 1 August 1832). Author’spersonal collection.
page 92
6.2 Charles Jameson Grant, wood engraved illustration for the PennySatirist, Vol. 1, No. 48 (London: B. D. Cousins, 17 March 1838).Author’s personal collection.
93
6.3 Charles Jameson Grant, wood engraved print for the PoliticalDrama, No. 2 (London: Drake, n.d. [?1833]). Author’s personalcollection.
94
6.4 William Heath(?), wood-engraved masthead for the New Figaro,No. 3 (London: Berger, Steill and Purkiss, 31March 1832). Author’spersonal collection.
99
7.1 John Tenniel. ‘The British Lion’s Vengeance on the Bengal Tiger’.Punch 33 (22 August 1857), pp. 76–77. Wikimedia Commons.
113
7.2 George Du Maurier. ‘Carry in her White Frock, Erect as a LittlePillar’, for Carità, by Margaret Oliphant. Cornhill Magazine 34(July 1876). Full-page illustration, facing p. 1. Courtesy of TorontoPublic Library.
115
7.3 ‘The War: The Surrender of Sedan’, Illustrated London News(17 September 1870), 285. Courtesy of Toronto Public Library.
116
7.4 ‘Facsimile of Sketch: Surrender of Sedan’. The Pictorial Press:Its Origin and Progress, by Mason Jackson. London: Hurst andBlackett, 1885, p. 318. Courtesy of Toronto Public Library.
117
7.5 Gertrude D. Hammond, The Yellow Book. The YellowBook 6 (July 1895), 119. The Yellow Nineties Online.Ed. Dennis Denisoff and Lorraine Janzen Kooistra. RyersonUniversity.
124
10.1 ‘ZuluWar Illustrations’, Illustrated London News, 9 August 1879,p. 125.
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11.1 Visitors to the Crystal Palace watching Augustus Applegath’shigh-speed, steam-driven press printing the Illustrated LondonNews; Illustrated London News, 31 May 1851, 502.
184
11.2 Masthead of the Expositor; 7 December 1850, 81. 184
11.3 The Building Committee’s proposal for a large domed brickstructure to house the 1851 Exhibition; Illustrated London News,22 June 1850, 445.
190
11.4 Paxton’s design as presented in the Illustrated London News,6 July 1850, 13.
191
11.5 The double-page illustration of the opening of the GreatExhibition on 1 May 1851; Illustrated London News, 3 May 1851,350–51.
193
12.1 ‘Young Commercial Operations’, Melbourne Punch I (1856), 22. 204
12.2 ‘Departure of Mr Punch from Gravesend; Arrival of Mr Punch inAustralia’, Melbourne Punch I (1856), 1.
209
12.3a ‘An Editor’s Room in Melbourne’.Melbourne Punch I (1856), 69. 215
12.3b ‘To Editors and Others’. Melbourne Punch I (1856), 73. 216
12.4 Title page, Sydney Punch IV:87 (20 January 1866). 221
16.1 Masthead, Review of Reviews London Edition, April 1893. Author’spersonal collection.
292
16.2 Masthead, Review of Reviews Australasian Edition, August 1893.Author’s personal collection.
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Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
juliette atkinson is Lecturer in English at University CollegeLondon. She is the author of Victorian Biography Reconsidered: A Studyof Nineteenth-Century ‘Hidden’ Lives (2010). Other publications includearticles on the Victorian reception of Dumas père, the London Library’sstock of French fiction and the activities of the Burlington Arcadeforeign bookseller William Jeffs. Her book French Novels and theVictorians is forthcoming in 2017.
laurel brake is Professor Emerita of Literature and Print Culture atBirkbeck, University of London. Author of Print in Transition (2000)and Subjugated Knowledges (1994), she has co-edited the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition, www.ncse.ac.uk/, a digital edition of sixnineteenth-century periodicals; the Dictionary of Nineteenth-CenturyJournalism (2009) with Marysa Demoor; and W.T. Stead: NewspaperRevolutionary (2012) and a special issue on Stead in 19. www.19.bbk.ac.uk/. In 2015, she co-edited The News of the World and the British Press,1843–2011, with Chandrika Kaul and Mark Turner. She is now writingInk Work on Walter and Clara Pater and editing an edition of WalterPater’s journalism.
geoffrey cantor is Professor Emeritus of the History of Scienceat the University of Leeds and Senior Honorary Research Fellow inthe Department of Science and Technology Studies, UniversityCollege London. Between 1999 and 2006, he co-directed, with SallyShuttleworth, the SciPer (Science in the Nineteenth-CenturyPeriodical) Project. His publications include Religion and the GreatExhibition of 1851 (2010); he co-authored Science in the Nineteenth-Century Periodical: Reading the Magazine of Nature (2004) and editedThe Great Exhibition: A Documentary History, 4 vols. (2013).
iain crawford is Associate Professor of English and Faculty Director ofUndergraduate Research and Experiential Learning at the University of
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
Delaware. His current book project examines the relationship betweenCharles Dickens and Harriet Martineau and its implications for theformation of Victorian journalism and the emergence of the professionalwoman author. Work from this project has appeared in Nineteenth-Century Literature and the collections Charles Dickens and the Mid-Victorian Press 1850–1870 (2012) and Dickens and Massachusetts: TheOther America (2015). He is President of the Dickens Society.
fionnuala dillane is Lecturer in Nineteenth-Century Literature atthe School of English, Drama and Film, University College Dublin. Shepublishes in the fields of Victorian print culture, genre history, memorystudies and gender. Recent work is forthcoming in Researching theNineteenth-Century Periodical Press: Case Studies (2017), and in theJournal of European Periodical Studies (2016). Her monograph BeforeGeorge Eliot: Marian Evans and the Periodical Press (2013), joint winnerof the Robert and Vineta Colby Prize for 2014, was published in paper-back in 2016.
john drew is Professor of English Literature at the University ofBuckingham, where he has taught since 1998. He is the author ofDickens the Journalist (2003); the editor, with Michael Slater, of TheUncommercial Traveller and Other Papers, 1859–1870 (2000); and direc-tor of the Dickens Journals Online project (www.djo.org.uk). He haspublished numerous articles and book chapters on aspects of Victorianjournalism and Dickens’s connections with the mid-Victorian press. Heis editing Hard Times for Oxford University Press’s relaunchedClarendon Press edition of the novels of Charles Dickens and sits onits editorial advisory board.
abhijit gupta is Professor of English at Jadavpur University, andDirector, Jadavpur University Press. He is co-editor, along withSwapan Chakravorty, of the Book History in India series, of whichfour volumes have been published: Print Areas (2004), Moveable Types(2008), New Word Order (2011) and Founts of Knowledge (2016). He wasassociate editor for South Asia for the Oxford Companion to the Book(2010). He has completed an electronic database and location register ofall books printed in Bengali from 1801 to 1867 and is currently at work onthe 1868–1914 period. His other research areas include science fiction andfandom, graphic novels, crime fiction and physical cultures.
martin hewitt is Pro Vice Chancellor and Dean, Faculty of Arts, Lawand Social Sciences at Anglia Ruskin University. He has published
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
widely on mid-Victorian urban culture, Victorian culture institutions(including lectures and libraries) and on the historiography of VictorianStudies. He has served as editor of the Journal of Victorian Culture and asHon. Secretary of the British Association for Victorian Studies. Hismost recent study is The Dawn of the Cheap Press in Victorian Britain.The End of the ‘Taxes on Knowledge’, 1849–1869 (2014). He is currentlydeveloping a project on Victorian generations.
lorraine janzen kooistra is Professor of English and Co-Director ofthe Centre for Digital Humanities at Ryerson University in Toronto,Canada. A specialist in Victorian illustration, her publications includeThe Artist as Critic: Bitextuality in Fin-de-Siècle Illustrated Books (1995),Christina Rossetti and Illustration: A Publishing History (2002) andPoetry, Pictures, and Popular Publishing: The Illustrated Gift Book andVictorian Visual Culture (2011). She is co-editor of the electronicresource The Yellow Nineties Online (www.1890s.ca), which publishessearchable editions of fin-de-siècle aesthetic magazines.
graham law is Professor in Media Studies at the Graduate School ofCulture and Communication Studies, Waseda University, Tokyo. He isone of the editors of The Public Face of Wilkie Collins: The CollectedLetters, 4 vols. (2005); among his publications on Victorian literatureand media are Serializing Fiction in the Victorian Press (2000) and (withAndrew Maunder) Wilkie Collins: A Literary Life (2008).
brian maidment is Professor of the History of Print at Liverpool JohnMoores University and President of the Research Society for VictorianPeriodicals. His most recent book is Comedy, Caricature and the SocialOrder 1820–1850 (2013). He is currently completing a study of RobertSeymour and Regency print culture.
james mussell is Associate Professor of Victorian Literature at theUniversity of Leeds. He is the author of Science, Time and Space in theLate Nineteenth-Century Periodical Press (2007) and The Nineteenth-Century Press in the Digital Age (2012). He is one of the editors of theNineteenth-Century Serials Edition and W.T. Stead: NewspaperRevolutionary (2012).
barbara onslow was educated at Oxford and Manchester Universities.Although most of her career has been spent in higher education, lately atReading University, her first job was as a journalist on a regional eveningnewspaper. She is the author ofWomen of the Press in Nineteenth Century
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
Britain (2000) and has published widely on the work of womenjournalists. Her blog Victorian Page includes material on annuals(www.victorianpage.com).
linda h. peterson (1948–2015) was Niel Gray Jr. Professor of Englishat Yale University. Her books include Victorian Autobiography (1986),Traditions of Victorian Women’s Autobiography (1999) and Becominga Woman of Letters: Myths of Authorship and Facts of the VictorianMarket (2009). She edited the Cambridge Companion to VictorianWomen’s Writing (2016).
simon j. potter is Reader in Modern History at the University ofBristol. He is the author of News and the British World: The Emergenceof an Imperial Press System, 1876–1922 (2003) and editor of Newspapersand Empire in Ireland and Britain (2004). He has written articles on therelationship between the media, empire and ‘globalisation’: on Britishpopular imperialism and the press: and on the interface between imper-ial history and global history. His published work on broadcastinghistory includes Broadcasting Empire: The BBC and the British World,1922–1970 (2012).
deeptanil ray received his Phd from Jadavpur University, Kolkata,and is currently Assistant Professor in the Department of English,The Neotia University, India. He is working on the history of news-papers and periodicals in colonial and postcolonial India. His broaderinterests are in the interplay of politics, economics, technology,colonialism and culture in non-Western encounters with the mediumof print.
mary l. shannon is Lecturer in the English Department at theUniversity of Roehampton, London. She is a graduate of the Universityof Cambridge and holds a PhD from King’s College London. Her bookDickens, Reynolds and Mayhew on Wellington Street: The Print Culture ofa Victorian Street was published in 2015 and won the Robert and VinetaColby Prize for 2015. Her current project is on sound in nineteenth-century print culture and visual culture.
joanne shattock is Emeritus Professor of Victorian Literature at theUniversity of Leicester. Her books include Politics and Literature:The Edinburgh and the Quarterly in the Early Victorian Age (1989);the Oxford Guide to British Women Writers (1993); and as editor, TheCambridge Bibliography of English Literature 1800–1900 (1999),Women
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
and Literature in Britain 1800–1900 (2001) and the CambridgeCompanion to English Literature 1830–1914 (2010). She edited The Worksof Elizabeth Gaskell (2005–6) and is general editor with Elisabeth Jay of theSelected Works of Margaret Oliphant, 25 vols. (2011–16).
david stewart is Senior Lecturer in Romantic Literature, NorthumbriaUniversity. He has published widely on Romantic-period literature andculture, with articles in Essays in Criticism, the Keats-Shelley Journal,Romanticism, Studies in English Literature and the Review of EnglishStudies. His work focuses on the intersections between literary andpopular culture in the early nineteenth century, with a particular focuson periodicals. His monograph Romantic Magazines and MetropolitanLiterary Culture was published in 2011.
john stokes is Emeritus Professor of Modern British Literature atKing’s College London and Honorary Professor of English andDrama at the University of Nottingham. Together with MarkW. Turner, he has edited two volumes of Oscar Wilde’s journalismfor Oxford English Texts (2013).
mark w. turner is Professor of English at King’s College London. Hispublications includeTrollope and theMagazines (2000),Backward Glances(2003) and two volumes of Oscar Wilde’s journalism for the OxfordEnglish Texts complete works series, co-edited with John Stokes in 2013.Recently he has co-edited, with Laurel Brake and Chandrika Kaul, Newsof the World, 1843–2011: Journalism for the Rich, Journalism for the Poor(2015), and he is one of the editors of the journal Media History.
catherine waters is Professor of Victorian Literature and PrintCulture at the University of Kent. She is the author of Dickens and thePolitics of the Family (1997) and Commodity Culture in Dickens’sHousehold Words: The Social Life of Goods (2008). The latter mono-graph was awarded the 2009 Robert and Vineta Colby Prize by theResearch Society for Victorian Periodicals. She has been working on anArts and Humanities Research Council-funded project investigating thewriting of the Victorian special correspondent, ‘Journalism on theMove: The Special Correspondent and Victorian Print Culture’.
joel h. wiener is Emeritus Professor of History at The City Universityof New York. He has written widely on aspects of modern press history.His books includeTheWar of the Unstamped (1969), Papers for the People(1988) and The Americanization of the British Press, 1830s–1914 (2011).
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I would like to thank my fellow contributors to this volume for sharingtheir expertise and enthusiasm for their subjects and for their profession-alism and good humour at all times. At Cambridge University Press, LindaBree first proposed the project and has been enthusiastic throughout. I amgrateful to Anna Bond, Chloe Harries and Lisa Sinclair for guiding thebook through the production process. Various libraries have made avail-able original copies of newspapers and periodicals from which the illustra-tions are taken. These include the library of the Institute of HistoricalResearch, University of London; the University of Toronto Library; andthe State Library of Victoria. For specialist advice relating to individualchapters, thanks are due to Barbara Cantor, Ann Donahue, MichaelLobban and Jonathan Topham.
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
with the Unitarian movementLa Belle Assemblée, women’s magazine, monthly
1808 Examiner, weekly, Leigh Hunt first editor1809 Quarterly Review, founded in response to Edinburgh Review,
published by John Murray, Tory1811 Reflector, edited by Leigh Hunt1814 New Monthly Magazine, published by Henry Colburn
Steam-powered Koenig presses installed at The Times1815 Newspaper Stamp Duty increased to 4d per sheet
British Lady’s Magazine1817 Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine established by publisher
William Blackwood, Tory, monthlyBlack Dwarf, radical, reformist weekly published byT. J. WoolnerThe Scotsman, weekly newspaper, Whig, published inEdinburgh, daily from 1855
Literary Gazette and Journal of Belles Lettres, Arts, Sciences etc,launched by Henry Colburn, weekly, edited by William Jerdan
1818 Kaleidoscope, weekly literary magazineDig-darshan, first Bengali periodical, launched by JoshuaMarshmanSamachar Darpan, first Bengali newspaper, weekly
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Calcutta Journal, launched by James Silk Buckingham1819 Newspaper Stamp Duties Act redefined taxes on newspapers
Indicator, edited by Leigh Hunt1820 London Magazine, monthly, edited by John Scott
John Bull, Tory weekly newspaper founded and edited byTheodore HookEtonian, school magazine 1820–4
1821 New Observer, weekly Sunday paper, became Sunday Times 1822Sambad Kaumudi, weekly Bengali newspaper, bi-weekly from1830
Manchester Guardian weekly, bi-weekly from 1836
Relaunch of New Monthly Magazine, edited by ThomasCampbellDuncombe’s Miniature Caricature Magazine establishedDeath of John Scott in a duel with J. H. Christie, representativeof Blackwood’s Magazine
1822 Mirror of Literature, Amusement and Instruction founded by JohnLimbird, weeklyBell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle, illustrated weeklynewspaperSamachar Chandrika, weekly Bengali newspaper, bi-weekly from1829
Jam-i-Jahan-Numa, first printed Urdu or Hindusthaninewspaper on the Indian subcontinentMirat-ul-Akhbar, weekly, Persian-language newspaper publishedin Calcutta, ended 1823
Bell’s Life in London and Sporting Chronicle, weekly, first sportsjournalForget Me Not, first British annual issued by Rudolf Ackermann(November 1822 for 1823)
1823 Friendship’s Offering and Literary Souvenir, annualsMechanics’ Magazine, illustrated popular science weeklyLancet, weekly, edited by Thomas Wakley, campaigned formedical reformKnight’s Quarterly Magazine, published by Charles Knight,1823–4.
1824 Westminster Review, quarterly, established by Jeremy Benthamand James Mill, radical, Utilitarian
Cambridge University Press978-1-107-08573-2 — Journalism and the Periodical Press in Nineteenth-Century BritainEdited by Joanne Shattock FrontmatterMore Information
L’Echo britannique, translated articles from English periodicals,competitor of Revue britannique
1825 The Glasgow Looking Glass, later the Northern Looking Glass,caricature magazine, folioRevue britannique, monthly, published translations from Englishperiodicals
1826 Amulet: A Christian and Literary Remembrancer, annual1827 Foreign Quarterly Review1828 Athenaeum, literary weekly
Spectator, weeklyKeepsake, annual, published by Charles Heath
1829 London Review, quarterly, only 2 issuesRevue de Paris (April), weeklyRevue des deux mondes (July), published twice monthly
1830 Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, monthlyThe Looking Glass, monthly, almost entirely graphic content
1831 Poor Man’s Guardian, radical, unstamped weekly newspaperFigaro in London, radical comic weekly, illustrated, edited byGilbert À BeckettThe Caricaturist, illustrated satirical magazine, edited byC. J. GrantRevue des deux mondes, French, published twice monthlyDrawing-Room Scrap-Book, annual, published by Henry FisherEnglishman’s Magazine, illustrated monthly, April–October onlyJournal des connaissances utiles, monthly
1832 Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal, weekly, included fictionSambad Prabhakar, Bengali daily newspaper, conservativePenny Magazine, weekly, edited by Charles Knight for Societyfor the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, illustratedTait’s Edinburgh Magazine, monthly
1833 Magasin pittoresque, and Musée des familles, cheap weeklies,modelled on the Penny MagazineDublin University Magazine, monthlyBook of Beauty, annual, published by Charles Heath
1834 Everybody’s Album and Caricature Magazine, edited byC. J. GrantPolitical Drama, illustrated weekly, radical
1835 British and Foreign Review, quarterlyComic Almanack, illustrated, published annually
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1836 Dublin Review, monthlyNewspaper Stamp Act cut stamp from 4d to 1dLa Presse and Le Siècle, French daily newspapers, published somefiction
1837 Northern Star, Chartist, weeklyPenny Satirist, radical, weekly, illustratedCleave’s London Satirist and Gazette of Variety, radical weeklypaperFinden’s Tableaux, annualLe Commerce, liberal newspaper, published literary criticismBentley’s Miscellany, illustrated, monthly, founded by publisherRichard Bentley, edited by Dickens, serialised fiction
1838 Era, Sunday paper, included sport, theatre, music hall reports aswell as news
1839 Art Journal, illustrated monthly, initially the Art-Union,renamed Art-Journal
1840 Newspapers obtain right to report Parliamentary debates1841 Punch, comic miscellany, weekly1842 Illustrated London News, weekly
Lloyd’s Weekly Newspaper, Sunday newspaperBuilder, illustrated weekly magazineFamily Herald, penny weekly, featured fiction and poetry
1843 Illuminated Magazine, monthly, contained coloured woodcutsTattwabodhini Patrika, radical Bengali monthly, reformistagendaNews of the World, weekly Sunday newspaper
1844 Telegraph first used in Britain (to report the birth of the Princeof Wales)North British Review, quarterlyHood’s Magazine and Comic Miscellany, monthly, publishedpoetry and fiction
1845 Douglas Jerrold’s Shilling Magazine, monthlyBritish Quarterly ReviewProspective Review, quarterlyLondon Journal and Weekly Record of Literature, Science and Art,weekly, edited by G. W. M. Reynolds
1846 Daily News, Dickens first editorMitchell’s Newspaper Press Directory issued, appeared annuallyfrom 1856
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Reynold’s Magazine, changed title from fifth issue to Reynold’sMiscellany. Edited by G. W. M. Reynolds. Illustrated pennyfiction weeklyDouglas Jerrold’s Weekly Newspaper
1847 Howitt’s Journal, monthly, founded by William and MaryHowitt from the People’s Journal
1848 Rambler, Catholic weekly, monthly from 1848, bi-monthly from1859
New York Press Association established1849 Association for the Repeal of the Taxes on Knowledge (ARTK)
formedHenry Mayhew reports on ‘London Labour and the LondonPoor’ in the Morning ChronicleEliza Cook’s Journal, weekly, some signed articles
1850 Reynolds’s Weekly Newspaper. Sunday newspaperLeader, radical weekly paper founded by Thornton Hunt andG. H. LewesHousehold Words, weekly miscellany founded by CharlesDickens, published by Bradbury and EvansGerm, illustrated magazine founded by Pre-Raphaelitebrotherhood, 4 issuesExpositor: AWeekly Illustrated Recorder of Inventions, Designs, andArt-Manufactures, illustrated, weekly
1851 Paul Julius Reuter sends financial information by telegraphbetween London and the ContinentIllustrated Exhibitor, weekly, published by CassellBibidhartha-sangraha, Bengali monthly, modelled on cheapBritish miscellanies, printed in colour
1852 Englishwoman’s Domestic Magazine established by Samuel andIsabella Beeton, illustrated, monthly
1853 Repeal of advertisement dutyLondon Quarterly Review
1854 William Howard Russell dispatched to the Crimea to cover thewar as a ‘special correspondent’ for The Times
1855 Repeal of newspaper stamp dutyNational Review, quarterly, successor to Prospective Review,edited by Walter Bagehot and R. H. HuttonSaturday Review, weeklyJournal pour tous, serialised French and English fiction
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English Woman’s Journal, monthly, promoted by Langham Placewomen’s group
1859 All the Year Round, successor to Household Words, weeklymiscellany, ‘conducted’ by DickensOnce a Week, miscellany, published by Bradbury & EvansMacmillan’s Magazine, monthly, house magazine of Macmillanpublishers, first of the ‘shilling’ monthly magazines, signedcontributionsBentley’s Quarterly Review (4 issues only)
1860 Cornhill Magazine, monthly, priced at one shilling, housemagazine of Smith, Elder and Co.; emphasis on serialised fiction,illustrated, edited by W. M. Thackeray.Temple Bar, shilling monthly, focus on serial fiction in responseto Cornhill, edited by G. A. SalaGoodWords, weekly, monthly from 1861, published by AlexanderStrahan, serialised fictionNational Reformer, founded by Charles Bradlaugh, weekly,radical
1861 Repeal of excise duty on paper, the last of the so-called Taxes onKnowledgeSixpenny Magazine: A Miscellany for All Classes and All Seasons,published translations of French serial fiction
1862 Home and Foreign Review, quarterly, derived from RamblerBow Bells, penny weekly magazine aimed at lower-middle-classreaders; absorbed Reynold’s Weekly Newspaper in 1869
1863 Reader, weekly, published by MacmillanLiterary Times, literary weekly, 11 issues onlyBamabodhini Patrika, Bengali periodical directed to womenreaders
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1866 Atlantic cable laid, facilitating transatlantic journalismContemporary Review, monthly, published by AlexanderStrahan, edited by James KnowlesBelgravia, shilling monthly, edited by Mary Elizabeth Braddon
1867 Saint Paul’s Magazine, shilling monthly, edited by AnthonyTrollopeTinsley’s Magazine, shilling monthly, illustrated, house magazineof Tinsley Brothers, publishers, edited by Edmund YatesNew York Evening Telegram founded
1868 Press Association (UK) foundedWalter (Hoe) Web Rotary Presses introduced at The TimesAmritabazar Patrika, Bengali weekly newspaper, later bilingualand then daily English language publication
1869 Newspapers, Printers, and Reading Room Act abandonedregistration and sureties for newspapersAcademy, monthly, specialist academic journalNature, general scientific weeklyGraphic, weekly (daily from 1890), illustrated, rival of IllustratedLondon News
1870 Post Office Act required registration of newspapers intended fortransmission through the post
1871 May’s British and Irish Press Guide issued1872 Bangadarshan, Bengali literary periodical, serialised fiction,
political articles1873 Tillotson’s Newspaper Literature Syndicate established,
syndicated fiction in newspapers in Britain and Europe1874 World, weekly newspaper founded by Edmund Yates, featured
celebrity interviews and society gossip1876 Chicago Daily News founded1877 Nineteenth Century founded, edited by James Knowles, monthly,
advocated signatureTruth founded, 6d weekly, edited by Henry Labouchère
1880 St James’s Gazette, daily evening paper, rival of Pall Mall Gazette,edited by Frederick Greenwood
1881 Newspaper Libel and Registration Act transferredresponsibility for registration to the registrar of Joint StockCompaniesEvening News, London evening newspaper selling for ½ d,intensive reporting, purchased by Harmsworth brothers in 1894
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Tit-Bits, penny paper consisting of extracts from otherpublications, published by George Newnes
1882 Scottish Review, quarterly1883 National Review (II), quarterly1884 Society of Authors founded
National Association of Journalists (later the Institute ofJournalists) foundedSell’s Dictionary of the World’s Press founded
1885 W. T. Stead publishes ‘Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon’ inPall Mall Gazette
1886 Lady’s World, monthly, launched by Cassell, retitled Woman’sWorld (1887) with Oscar Wilde as editor
1887 Matthew Arnold uses the term ‘New Journalism’ in his essay ‘Upto Easter’ in the Nineteenth Century (May 1887)
1888 Institute of Journalists founded (formerly National Associationof Journalists)Observer, later National Observer (1890), weekly, edited byW. E. HenleyFinancial Times, initially titled London Financial Guide, thriceweekly, then six days per week, printed on pink paper from 1893
Star, daily evening newspaper, edited by T. P. O’Connor, firstdaily to include regular political cartoons
1889 New Review, monthly1890 Speaker, weekly review, Liberal1891 Daily Graphic, first daily illustrated paper1892 Review of Reviews, monthly, founded by W. T. Stead
Strand Magazine, monthly, illustrated, published by GeorgeNewnes
1893 Westminster Gazette, evening daily founded by George NewnesSketch, first weekly illustrated entirely by photographicprocesses, edited by C. K. Shorter
1894 Society of Women Journalists foundedYellow Book, quarterly, illustrated, edited by Henry Harland andAubrey Beardsley (1894–5), published by John Lane and ElkinMatthews
1896 Daily Mail founded by Harold and Alfred Harmsworth, sellingfor 1/2dCosmopolis, monthly, contributions in French, German andEnglish
