In the Marriage of JB and HB: Supplemental Response Brief Addressing Recent U.S. Supreme Court...

8/13/2019 In the Marriage of JB and HB: Supplemental Response Brief Addressing Recent U.S. Supreme Court Decisions Filed

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No. 11-0024

In theSupreme Court of Texas

IN THE MATTER OF THE MARRIAGE OF J.B.AND H.B.

On Petition for Review from the

Fifth Court of Appeals at Dallas, Texas

SUPPLEMENTAL RESPONSE BRIEFADDRESSINGRECENT U.S.SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

GREGABBOTT

Attorney General of Texas

DANIEL T.HODGE

First Assistant Attorney

General

JONATHAN F.MITCHELL

Solicitor General

JAMES D.BLACKLOCK

Deputy Attorney General for

Legal CounselState Bar No. 24050296

OFFICE OF THEATTORNEY GENERAL

P.O. Box 12548 (MC 001)

Austin, Texas 78711-2548

Tel.: (512) 936-8160

Fax: (512) [email protected]

COUNSEL FOR RESPONDENTTHE STATE OF TEXAS

FILEDIN THE SUPREME COF TEXAS13 July 29 P4:50 BLAKE A HAWTHOCLERK


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Index of Authorities .................................................................................. iiiIssues Presented ......................................................................................... vSummary of Argument ............................................................................... 1

Argument .................................................................................................... 2I. Texas Law Prohibits Same-Sex Divorce; Only By

Holding Texas Law Unconstitutional Can This Court

Provide J.B. the Relief He Seeks. ............................................ 2II. United States v. WindsorHas No Direct Impact on This

Case; If Anything, it Reaffirms the States Authority To

Define and Regulate Marriage Within Their Borders. .......... 5III. J.B. Misinterprets Windsors Equal Protection and Due

Process Analysis. .................................................................... 11IV. Hollingsworth v. PerryDoes Not Impact This Case. ............ 20

Prayer ........................................................................................................ 22Certificate of Service ................................................................................ 24Certificate of Compliance ......................................................................... 25


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INDEX OFAUTHORITIES

CasesBexar Cnty. Sheriffs Civil Serv. Commn v. Davis,

802 S.W.2d 659 (Tex. 1990) ............................................................. 10

Camreta v. Greene,

131 S. Ct. 2020 (2011) ..................................................................... 21

Hollingsworth v. Perry,

133 S. Ct. 2652 (2013) ........................................................... 2, 20, 21

Lawrence v. Texas,

539 U.S. 558 (2003) ........................................................................ 14

Littleton v. Prange,

9 S.W.3d 223 (Tex. App.San Antonio 1999,

pet. denied) ........................................................................................ 8

Minnesota v. Clover Leaf Creamery Co.,

449 U.S. 456 (1981). ........................................................................ 10

Nevada v. Hall,

440 U.S. 410 (1979) ......................................................................... 19

Sosna v. Iowa,

419 U.S. 393 (1975) ........................................................................... 6

United States v. Windsor,

133 S. Ct. 2675 (2013) ............................................................. passim

Williams v. North Carolina,

317 U.S. 287 (1942). .......................................................................... 7


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Statutes1 U.S.C. 7 ....................................................................................... passim

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 207, 11 (repealed 2008) ....................................... 19

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 207, 13 ................................................................. 19

TEX.FAM.CODE 6.001 .............................................................................. 3

TEX.FAM.CODE 6.204 ............................................................ 3, 4, 8, 9, 12

TEX.FAM.CODE 6.204(b) .............................................................. 3, 11, 15

TEX.FAM.CODE 6.204(c)(1). ..................................................................... 3

TEX.FAM.CODE 6.204(c)(2) .................................................................. 3, 4

TEX.FAM.CODE 6.307 .......................................................................... 3, 4

Other Authorities

18 J. Moore et al., Moores Federal Practice 134.02[1][d](3d ed. 2011) ..................................................................................... 21

HOUSE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, H.J.R. 6 Bill

Analysis, 79th Leg., R.S. (April 25, 2005). ..................................... 14

Constitutional Provisions

TEX.CONST. art. I, 32 ......................................................................... 8, 12

TEX.CONST. art. I, 32(a)....................................................................... 3, 4


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v

ISSUES PRESENTED

1. Does a Texas court have jurisdiction over a divorce suitinvolving a same-sex couple who obtained a marriage license

in another state?

2. Does the U.S. Constitution permit Texas to define the legalinstitution of marriage as the union of one man and one

woman, and to provide the rights of marriagewhich

include divorceonly to those legally recognized

relationships?


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No. 11-0024

In the

Supreme Court of Texas

IN THE MATTER OF THE MARRIAGE OF J.B.AND H.B.

On Petition for Review from the

Fifth Court of Appeals at Dallas, Texas

SUPPLEMENTAL RESPONSE BRIEF REGARDINGRECENT U.S.SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

TO THE HONORABLE SUPREME COURT OF TEXAS:

As directed by the Court, Respondent the State of Texas

respectfully submits this brief in response to the supplemental brief

filed by Petitioner J.B. on July 18, 2013.

SUMMARY OFARGUMENT

The Texas Constitution and Family Code prohibit a Texas court

from treating a same-sex couple like a validly married couple, whether

in a divorce suit or in any other context. As a result, the only way this

Court could provide the relief J.B. seeks is by refusing to enforce Texas

law on grounds of unconstitutionality. If the Court takes this case, it


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cannot, as J.B. suggests, decline to reach the merits of J.B.s

constitutional attack on Texass marriage laws.

Those marriage laws are a valid exercise of the States well-

recognized authority to define marriage and to decline recognition to

out-of-state marriages that violate the Texass public policy. United

States v. Windsor does not alter the outcome. Its holding and its

reasoning apply only to the federal government, not the States. J.B.s

expansive reading of Windsor ignores large portions of the Supreme

Courts decision, which affirms the States traditional authority to

define and regulate marriage within their borders. Projecting

Massachusetts marriage policies into Texas, as J.B. urges, would

contradict the very principles of federalism on which Windsor relies.

Hollingsworth v. Perryis irrelevant to this case.

ARGUMENT

I. TEXAS LAW PROHIBITS SAME-SEX DIVORCE; ONLY BY HOLDINGTEXAS LAW UNCONSTITUTIONAL CAN THIS COURT PROVIDE J.B.

THE RELIEF HE SEEKS.

J.B. asks this Court to avoid ruling on his constitutional

arguments by holding that Texas law allows courts to grant divorces to

same-sex couples. To reach that result, this Court would have to ignore


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or rewrite article I, section 32(a) of the Texas Constitution and section

6.204 of the Texas Family Code. There is no ambiguity in these laws.

Their text is not open to interpretation. Texas courts cannot grant J.B.

a divorce because:

1) He is not married. TEX.CONST. art. I, 32(a) (Marriage

in this state shall consist only of the union of one man and

one woman.) Only married parties can divorce. TEX.FAM.

CODE 6.001.

2) The Family Code declares his Massachusetts marriagevoid, id. 6.204(b), which reinforces that he is not married in

this State and so cannot divorce. Void marriages can be the

subject of a suit to declare the marriage void, but not a suit

for divorce. Id. 6.307.

3) The Family Code prohibits courts from giving effect to his

Massachusetts marriage license, which is a public act [or]

record . . . that creates, recognizes or validates a marriage

between persons of the same sex . . . in any otherjurisdiction. Id. 6.204(c)(1).

4) Providing J.B. the legal protections and remedies of

divorce would give effect to a right or claim to any legal

protection, benefit, or responsibility asserted as a result of a

marriage between persons of the same sex . . . in any other

jurisdiction, in violation of section 6.204(c)(2) of the Family

Code. Id. 6.204(c)(2).

Texas voters and their elected representatives could not have made

their will clearer. J.B. and H.B. are not married in Texas, and courts

may not treat them as if they are married. As a result, they cannot get


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divorced. See States Br. at 4-10. Nor can a Texas court exercise

jurisdiction over a petition for same-sex divorce. Id.at 10-19.

J.B.s statutory-construction arguments never deal with the text of

the law.1 Instead, J.B.s lawyers sophistically claim that he is not

asking the court to give effect to a claim to any legal protection,

benefit, or responsibility resulting from his marriage; he is asking only

to dissolve his marriage. J.B.s Supp. Br. at 5. But if J.B. were really

just interested in dissolving his Massachusetts marriage, he would

dismiss his suit for divorce and file a suit to declare the marriage void,

which is the dissolution mechanism Texas law provides for void

marriages. SeeTEX.FAM.CODE 6.307. Of course, J.B. is not asking

only to dissolve his marriage. He wants a court to enforce the marital

protection[s], benefit[s and] responsibilit[ies] that courts enforce for

validly married parties in a typical divorce suit. Id. 6.204(c)(2); see

States Br. at 11-13 (describing many substantive and procedural rights

1 J.B. cites several cases in which this Court has held that, when faced with

multiple interpretations of a statute, the Court should choose the interpretation

that does not render the statute constitutionally suspect. J.B.s Supp. Br. at 5-6.

There are not multiple interpretations of article I, section 32(a) of the Texas

Constitution or section 6.204 of the Family Code. And in any event, the

unambiguous text of these laws does not render them constitutionally suspect. The

cases J.B. cites have no application here.


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available to married parties in divorce suits). In short, he wants Texas

courts to treat his void marriage just like they would treat the legally

valid union of one man and one woman. That is exactly what the Texas

Constitution and Family Code prohibit.

Because Texas law bars J.B.s claim, the only way he can obtain a

divorce is to convince the Court that the U.S. Constitution prevents the

Court from enforcing Texas law. Thus, in order to fully dispose of this

case, the Court should address and reject J.B.s constitutional attack on

the laws that bar his divorce claim.

II. UNITED STATES V. WINDSOR HAS NO DIRECT IMPACT ON THISCASE; IF ANYTHING, IT REAFFIRMS THE STATESAUTHORITY TO

DEFINE AND REGULATE MARRIAGEWITHIN THEIR BORDERS.

J.B. characterizes the holding of Windsor as follows:

[C]onstitutional principles of due process and equal protection are

violated when legally created same-sex marriages are treated

unequally. J.B.s Supp. Br. at 6. Nothing like that statement appears

anywhere in Windsor. What Windsor says is that Section 3 of the

federal Defense of Marriage Act, which establishes a federal definition

of marriage, violates basic due process and equal protection principles

applicable to the Federal Government. United States v. Windsor,133 S.


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Ct. 2675, 2693 (2013) (emphasis added). J.B.s expansive reading of

Windsor ignores and contradicts one of the key bases for the Courts

decisions: the States traditional authority in our constitutional system

to define and regulate marriage for themselves. Id. at 2689-2696.

According to the majority, regulation of domestic relations is an area

that has long been regarded as a virtually exclusive province of the

States. Id. at 2691 (citing Sosna v. Iowa, 419 U.S. 393, 404 (1975)).

The definition of marriage is the foundation of the States broader

authority to regulate the subject of domestic relations. Id.

These principles lead the Windsor majority to view Section 3s

federal definition of marriage as an unusual deviation from the

federal governments usual tradition of recognizing and accepting state

definitions of marriage. Id. at 2693. This unusual character of

Section 3 caused the majority to use careful consideration in

examining its constitutionality. Id. at 2692. The majority ultimately

concluded that Section 3 is unconstitutional because the federal

government had no reasonaside from what the Court considered a

desire to demean same-sex couplesto get into the marriage-defining

business. Id. at 2695.


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Unlike the federal government, Texas as a sovereign has a

rightful and legitimate concern in the marital status of persons

domiciled within its borders. Id. at 2691 (quoting Williams v. North

Carolina, 317 U.S. 287, 298 (1942)). The Windsormajority looks with

favor on a States engagement in a statewide deliberative process that

enable[s] its citizens to discuss and weigh arguments for and against

same-sex marriage. Id. at 2689. The Court described New Yorks

engagement in such a political process as follows:

These actions were without doubt a proper exercise of its

sovereign authority within our federal system, all in the way

that the Framers of the Constitution intended. The

dynamics of state government in the federal system are to

allow the formation of consensus respecting the way the

members of a discrete community treat each other in their

daily contact and constant interaction with each other.

Id. at 2692. The same could be said of Texass actions in 2003 and 2005,

when its citizens and legislators chose to codify the States historical

understanding of the marriage relationship. Nothing in Windsor

supports J.Bs rule that a States proper exercise of its sovereign

authority within our federal system must be commandeered by the

courts when it does not reach results that favor same-sex marriage.

Indeed, a court-imposed constitutional obligation to recognize same-sex


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marriages would short-circuit what the Supreme Court held up as an

important political process within the States, trampling on core values

of federalism undergirding the Windsor decision.

It was Section 3s departure from the traditional mechanisms

through which marriage policy is creatednot the substance of its

definition of marriagethat singled out Section 3 for constitutional

scrutiny. The Court criticized Section 3 for its lack of an identified

connection to any particular area of federal law. Id. at 2694. Unlike

federal law, however, Texas law has always been concerned with the

regulation of domestic relations, including the definition of marriage

and the extent to which the State will recognize marriages performed in

other States. And unlike the federal government, Texas has always

been empowered to define and regulate marriage under our

constitutional system. Article I, section 32 of the Texas Constitution

and section 6.204 of the Texas Family Code exercise that sovereign

power in a way that simply codifies the traditional understanding of

marriage that has always been the law in this State. See, e.g., Littleton

v. Prange, 9 S.W.3d 223 (Tex. App.San Antonio 1999, pet. denied)


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(recognizing the invalidity of same-sex marriage in Texas prior to the

2003 enactment of section 6.204 of the Family Code).

Unlike the federal governments selection of a federal definition of

marriage, a States choice of the traditional definition of marriage is no

unusual deviation from the usual tradition. Windsor, 133 S. Ct. at

2693. The usual tradition is for States to define marriage as a union

of one man and one woman and to refuse recognition to out-of-state

marriages that violate the States public policy. SeeStates Br. at 38-40.

The Texas marriage laws J.B. challenges are exactly the kind of

marriage regulations that, under Windsor, are emphatically the

province of the States.

* * *

J.B.s incomplete description of Windsors holding omits two vital

clauses: under Windsor, constitutional principles are violated when

legally created same-sex marriages are treated unequally by the federal

government out of a desire to demean same-sex couples. That holding

has no application to this case. Windsor deals only with Section 3 of

federal DOMA. No state laws were at issue in Windsor. And the

Courts lengthy discussion of States authority to define and regulate


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marriage leaves no doubt that the Court did not intend its opinion to

abrogate state marriage laws. [W]hen a state court reviews state

legislation challenged as violative of the Fourteenth Amendment, it is

not free to impose greater restrictions as a matter of federal

constitutional law than this Court has imposed. Minnesota v. Clover

Leaf Creamery Co., 449 U.S. 456, 461 n.6 (1981). This Court has

recognized this restriction on its ability to expansively interpret the U.S

Constitution. See Bexar Cnty. Sheriffs Civil Serv. Commn v. Davis,

802 S.W.2d 659, 665 (Tex. 1990) (Phillips, C.J.) (declining to expand due

process rights of public employees beyond those rights previously

identified in U.S. Supreme Court decisions). To interpret Windsor as

J.B. does would violate that rule by expanding Windsor beyond its

holding and creating federal constitutional rights never recognized by

the U.S. Supreme Court.

If nothing else, the Windsor opinions lengthy federalism

discussion suggests that a simpler opinion announcing the blanket

constitutional rule desired by J.B. could not garner the votes of five

Justices. If it could, there would have been no need to devote a large

portion of the opinion to emphasizing the principles of federalism that


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reserve to the States the authority to define and regulate marriage

within their borders. Indeed, this portion of the opinioncompletely

unmentioned in J.B.s briefmakes a strong argument against the rule

that J.B. advocates. At least one of the Justices in the majority must

have insisted that the Courts decision include a reaffirmation the

States authority over marriage in order to clarify that the Courts

holding did not constrict the States power. There is no other good

explanation for the way the opinion is written. This Court must not

adopt a federal constitutional rule that recently failed to garner five

votes on the current U.S. Supreme Court.

III. J.B. MISINTERPRETS WINDSORS EQUAL PROTECTION AND DUEPROCESSANALYSIS.

Windsor holds that Section 3 is unconstitutional because,

according to the majority, the law was motivated not by any legitimate

purpose but by a desire to demean those persons who are in a lawful

same-sex marriage. 133 S. Ct. at 2695. As a resident of Texas, J.B. is

not in a lawful same-sex marriage. See TEX. FAM. CODE 6.204(b)

(declaring out-of-state same-sex marriages void). Thus, even if

Windsors holding applied to the States as well as the federal

government, it would not require Texas to recognize J.B.s void


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marriage. This Courts concern with Windsors equal protection and

due process analysis should end there.

J.B. nevertheless asks this Court to take the Windsormajoritys

factual finding about thepurposeof a particular federal law enacted in

1996 and apply it, without further analysis, to Texas laws enacted in

2003 and 2005. He cites nothing from the legislative record to support

his inflammatory claim that Texans who supported traditional

marriage laws were motivated solely by a desire to demean same-sex

couples. And he offers no new responses to the States argument that

protecting and preserving the traditional institution of marriagenot

harming or demeaning anyoneis the purpose of article I, section 32 of

the Constitution and section 6.204 of the Family Code. The only

support J.B. offers for his claim that irrational animus motivated

these laws is the allegation that Texas openly admitted in briefing

that the purpose of the laws is to harm same-sex couples. J.B.s Supp.

Br. at 10-11. Nothing could be further from the truth. Here is the

supposed admission:

J.B. complains that voidance does not provide the same

robust property division rights that divorce does. Resp. at

28-30. But of course that is precisely the point of Texas

lawto limit the more robust protections of divorce to valid


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marriages, while providing only the more limited remedies of

voidance to void marriages.

States COA Reply Br. at 7. This is not an admission that a

constitutionally improper motive infects Texass marriage laws. The

passage states the obviousTexas law reserves the benefits of

marriage, including divorce, to validly married couples. The point of

doing so is to provide protection and support for the traditional

institution of marriage because of the unique role it plays in procreation

and child-rearing, not to demean relationships that do not qualify for

marriagesuch as friendships, business partnerships, cohabiting

heterosexual relationships, or same-sex relationships.2

In sending Texass constitutional definition of marriage to the

voters, the Legislature made abundantly clear that the purpose of the

2 Windsors characterization of the sentiments of traditional-marriage proponents

seems to indicate that, in the Courts view, theirs is a legitimate perspective that

should remain part of an ongoing political conversation within the States:

For marriage between a man and a woman no doubt had been thought

of by most people as essential to the very definition of that term and to

its role and function throughout the history of civilization. That belief,

for many who long have held it, became even more urgent, more

cherished when challenged.

133 S. Ct. at 2689. These are not the words of a Court that agrees with J.B. that

advocates of the traditional definition of marriage within the States seek to impose

invidious, constitutionally suspect discrimination on their fellow citizens.


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States marriage laws is to preserve and promote the special legal

status that has always been afforded to traditional marriage, not to

express irrational animus against same-sex couples:

A traditional marriage consisting of a man and a woman is

the basis for a healthy, successful, stable environment for

children. It is the surest way for a family to enjoy good

health, avoid poverty, and contribute to their community.

The sanctity of marriage is fundamental to the strength of

Texas families, and the state should ensure that no court

decision could undermine this fundamental value.

HOUSE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION, H.J.R. 6 Bill Analysis, 79th

Leg., R.S. (April 25, 2005). The Legislatures statement of intent

reflects former Justice OConnors observations that preserving the

traditional institution of marriage is a legitimate state interest, and

other reasons exist to promote the institution of marriage beyond mere

moral disapproval of an excluded group. Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U.S.

558, 579, 585 (2003) (OConnor, J., concurring).

Obviously, Texas law does not treat J.B.s void marriage like a

valid marriage. That does not mean the motivationbehind Texas law

was to demean same-sex couples. J.B. never fills the logical gaps in his

argument. He starts with the undisputed fact that Texas law does not

treat him the way it treats married persons. He characterizes this as


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impos[ing] inequality on him. J.B.s Supp. Br. at 10-11. He then leaps

directly to the conclusion that the purpose of the law is to demean him.

He provides no evidence for this conclusion. Instead, he seems to

assume that only irrational bigotry could have been the basis for a law

he does not agree with. That is no basis on which to overturn the

validly enacted will of the people of Texas. The State has provided a

rational justification for its laws that has nothing to do with harming or

demeaning anyone, and J.B. has not disproven it. SeeStates Br. at 29-

32. Nothing more is required under rational-basis review, which J.B.

agrees is the appropriate standard. SeeJ.B.s Supp. Br. at 8-9.

J.B. further claims that, under Windsor, Texas law violates the

Fourteenth Amendment by making his marriage second-class. J.B.s

Supp. Br. at 10. But J.B.s marriage is not second-class in Texas. It

does not exist. TEX. FAM. CODE 6.204(b) (declaring same-sex

marriages void). Windsors marriage, by contrast, was valid in New

York. By refusing recognition to her marriage, federal DOMA

effectively created two unequal classes of valid marriages within New

York. According to Windsor, the federal governments creation of a two-

tiered marriage regime in states like New York raise[d] a most serious


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question under the Constitutions Fifth Amendment. 133 S. Ct. at

2694. That concern does not apply in Texas, where there is only one

class of marriages for all purposesthe union of a man and a woman.3

Finally, J.B. misreads a key passage near the end of the Windsor

decision. Substituting his own words for the words actually used by the

Supreme Court, he reconstructs a paragraph from Windsor in a way

that appears to support his claim. See J.B.s Supp. Br. at 12. The

words he substitutes, however, change the meaning of the paragraph

and do not accurately reflect Windsors reasoning. Here is the full

paragraph from the Supreme Courts opinion:

The class to which DOMA directs its restrictions and

restraints are those persons who are joined in same-sex

marriages made lawful by the State. DOMA singles out aclass of persons deemed by a State entitled to recognition

and protection to enhance their own liberty. It imposes a

disability on the class by refusing to acknowledge a status

the State finds to be dignified and proper. DOMA instructs

all federal officials, and indeed all persons with whom same-

sex couples interact, including their own children, that their

marriage is less worthy than the marriages of others. The

federal statute is invalid, for no legitimate purpose

overcomes the purpose and effect to disparage and to injure

3 It is J.B.s proposed rule that would create a two-tiered system in Texas. Under

his reading of Windsor, same-sex couples who were married elsewhere and now

reside in Texas must be treated as married. Same-sex couples who have always

lived in Texas, on the other hand, would continue to have no claim to the rights of

marriage.


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those whom the State, by its marriage laws, sought to

protect in personhood and dignity. By seeking to displace

this protection and treating those persons as living in

marriages less respected than others, the federal statute is

in violation of the Fifth Amendment. This opinion and itsholding are confined to those lawful marriages.

Windsor, 133 S. Ct. at 2695-96.4 As used in this passage, the State

means New York, Windsors State of residence. Throughout its opinion,

the Court emphasizes New Yorks decision to recognize its residents

same-sex marriages as the triggering event that entitled Windsors

relationship to federal recognition. E.g., id. at 2689, 2694, 2695-96.

Twice the majority criticizes Section 3 of DOMA as depriving Windsor

and her partner of equal standing in their communitythe political

community of New York, which has elected to recognize their marriage

as the equivalent of a traditional marriage. Id. at 2691-2692, 2694.

J.B. ignores all of this, just as he ignores the majoritys lengthy

discussion of States authority to define and regulate marriage within

their borders. He seizes on a few lines near the end of the opinion, and

4 J.B. omits the paragraphs final sentence from the quotation he provides to this

Court. That sentence reflects the majoritys concern that litigants would attempt to

use its decision exactly as J.B. hastwisting a limited holding about the federal

government into a far-reaching imposition on the States prerogative to define and

regulate marriage within their borders. Presumably that is why J.B. omitted the

sentence.


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he makes creative use of brackets to twist the meaning of those lines in

his favor. On that basis, he claims that Windsor gives him a

constitutional right to demand recognition of his Massachusetts

marriage from a State that has chosen to preserve the traditional

understanding of the institution. That is not a tenable reading of the

Supreme Courts decision.

Under the Supreme Courts reasoning, the place of celebration is

not what bestows constitutional protection on same-sex relationships.

Windsor was married in Canada. Under the majoritys reasoning, it

was not Windsors Canadian marriage license that entitled her

marriage to federal recognition. Rather, the decision of New York

Windsors State of residenceto recognize her marriage gave rise to

constitutional protections. Certainly nothing in the majority opinion

indicates that Windsors Canadian marriage would have been entitled

to federal recognition had she moved to Alabama immediately after

obtaining it. Windsors case came out the way it did because she chose

to reside in New York, a State which recognizes its residents same-sex

marriages.


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Unlike Windsor, J.B. resides in Texas, where his marriage is not

recognized. Unlike Windsor, his claim is not that the law of his state of

residence entitles his Massachusetts marriage to constitutional

recognition. His claim is that the law of the State where his marriage

was created, Massachusetts, follows him wherever he goes and requires

any State in which he resides to recognize his marriage regardless of

that States marriage policies. There is no legal supportin Windsoror

elsewherefor this staggering proposition. See Nevada v. Hall, 440

U.S. 410, 423-24 (1979) (Full faith and credit . . . does not . . . enable

one state to legislate for the other or to project its laws across state lines

so as to preclude the other from prescribing for itself the legal

consequences of acts within it.)(citation omitted).5

* * *

J.B.s attempt to impose Massachusetts marriage law on Texas

finds no support in Windsor. Indeed, it flies in the face of Windsors

5 The improper projection of one States laws into another would be further

complicated by the absence of a residence requirement for marriage in States suchas Massachusetts. SeeMass. Gen. Laws ch. 207, 11-13 (repealed 2008) (former

residence requirement now repealed). Residents of Texas or any other State need

spend only three days in Massachusetts to obtain a same-sex marriage in that state.

Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 207, 13, 19. If Texas were forced to recognize Massachusetts

same-sex marriages, then as a practical matter Texass definition of marriage would

be eviscerated.


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repeated affirmation of the States primary authority to define and

regulate marriage. As Windsor observes, In acting first to recognize

and then to allow same-sex marriages, New York was responding to the

initiative of those who [sought] a voice in shaping the destiny of their

own times. 133 S. Ct. at 2692 (citations and quotations omitted). The

very same could be said of the decision of the people of Texas and their

elected representatives, who voted overwhelmingly to affirm the

traditional understanding of marriage and to recognize only marriages

between one man and one woman. The people of Texas have the same

right as the people of Massachusetts or New York to have a voice in

shaping their States destiny. Texans have spoken clearly. Their voice

commands that only the union of one man and one woman will be

recognized as a marriage in Texas. This Court should reject J.B.s

invitation to substitute the rule of judges for the will of the people. The

Supreme Courts decision in Windsordoes not require otherwise.

IV. HOLLINGSWORTH V.PERRYDOES NOT IMPACT THIS CASE.In Hollingsworth v. Perry, 133 S. Ct. 2652 (2013), the Supreme

Court vacated the Ninth Circuits decision and remanded with

instructions to dismiss the appeal of supporters of Californias


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Proposition 8, a ballot initiative that defined marriage in California as

the union of one man and one woman. The Court ruled that the

initiative supporters lacked standing to appeal the district court ruling

enjoining Proposition 8 even though the state government refused to

support the law. The Supreme Courts ruling does not address the

merits of the challenge to Proposition 8. It has no impact on this case.

J.B.s suggestion that this Court should follow the non-

precedential district court opinion in Hollingsworth reaches too far.

See, e.g., Camreta v. Greene, 131 S. Ct. 2020, 2033 n.7 (2011) (A

decision of a federal district court judge is not binding precedent in

either a different judicial district, the same judicial district, or even

upon the same judge in a different case. (quoting 18 J. Moore et al.,

Moores Federal Practice 134.02[1][d], at 134-26 (3d ed. 2011))). Also

overreaching is J.B.s conflation of the nationwide constitutional right to

same-sex marriage discovered by the district court in Hollingsworth

with the Supreme Courts limited holding in Windsor. As explained

above, when considered in its context and read in its entirety, Windsor

provides no support for the expansive constitutional rule J.B. asks this

Court to impose.


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PRAYER

The Court should grant the petition for review and affirm the

judgment of the court of appeals.


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Respectfully submitted,

GREGABBOTT

Attorney General of Texas

DANIEL T.HODGE

First Assistant Attorney General

JONATHAN F.MITCHELL

Solicitor General

/s/ James D. Blacklock

JAMES D.BLACKLOCK

Deputy Attorney Generalfor Legal Counsel

State Bar No. 24050296

OFFICE OF THEATTORNEY GENERAL

P.O. Box 12548 (MC 001)

Austin, Texas 78711-2548

Tel.: (512) 936-8160

Fax: (512) [email protected]

COUNSEL FOR RESPONDENT

THE STATE OF TEXAS


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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

On July 29, 2013, the foregoing was served via CaseFileXpress on:

James J. Scheske5501-A Balcones Dr., #109

Austin, Texas 78731

Counsel for J.B.


JAMES D.BLACKLOCK


30/30

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

In compliance with Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.4(i)(2),

this brief contains 4,475 words, excluding the portions of the brief

exempted by Rule 9.4(i)(1).


JAMES D.BLACKLOCK

Date post:	04-Jun-2018
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