In the

~upreme <!Court of tbe Wniteb ~tate~ - ---:-:-----.

I L, '\, L lJ

J~ N 1 q 1972

OTIS LOPER,

Petitioner,

vs.

GEORGE J. BETO, DIRECTOR, TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,

Respondent.

Pageo 1 thru 32

) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

I l' • '

No. 70-5388

Weoh1ngton, D, C, January 13, 1972

HOOVER REPORTING COMPANY, INC. 0fficial 'R,_,po,urs

Wubiagtoo, D. C. 546-6666

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20

pl:rpo5e~ and vill remain valid until ;:;et aside hy th-'!

prcper. pos:.:-convic·•·ion stc"te of federal p·~oceedings.

Q y ,. sn' ·c t11::.i;. a proper proc~~d5 :r~ in I hich

to set ·cho;a. aside?

MR, r,~· TE~: Your Hono0:·, <;c.?t·:.:ing to this in the

nis\:1:ic:.: r.ou;. t . , 1,;~9,. -the u: . .-'.i: o1; hahC"as corpus :.:hat was

file was u t ··o get ·:e15n"" f .. cm the 194"1 Texas conviction.

C' u-c: t•. derltin;i- -~ i: c:1.~ir wa~ .in•,alid practice?

r-n. D.1'1.R;)Etl. II" <.:.hi:. ·1e .. nserteil that: the four

Cl ·; d he in-:.:··cc'uced evide,1ce, as much as he had,

to p:-:-o·, that, namely .1 )OU!: b,o of them, the transcript of

the prac<>cu.:.rg_ or t1'e docket cnt.:-i~s--about three of them

h a-: a ~1 v:,:.

I~- DAl:DE?7 : Yes.

Q ;.a nothing about the fou-:-U1.

r l~. Di\P.DE ., : · 2s ii t.ha:: • s ~:tght nr. Justice.

Q :a n 't J:h,;i·:: t!'t"".! in Burgett"' They hacin 't

be. cff'c.i.e'...ly end conclut:".vely set aside by some other court

l re ~i e -oroc a ir '1 began, :i an' t that true?

th Cou

: n,.e 1

{. J nm·: Yc6, ,r.r • .Jusi.:ice.

1 '

in, 'y coulcln't the Cou:c-c here have said,

tl,ai:: thcs p:cio:=- convict::.om: were invzilid ,

7uiJty o .. wa1:1 convict.ed 11ithout counsel?

t. ">A:'U) ".11• .()11, as was hel 1 by the District Court,

21

i;h Dist ict <'ourt c id th co victions 1 r valid. The Fifth

c· C 0 c · in th i o ·nion th t nc th_ liandi q

d n of Wai~ riqh!:, r: ch 1 s s · x years prior

t his qoi g • trial in l<" 9 i·;: d · d no hin'l toward getting

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0

do

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t 11· tt, he dint hP.vo to--in Bur tt, ..;_.;a.,,;.;..;;.:.

~- g ~'=• r.

rn. DA:1DE~: That' ':rue, w 111·• say ng that

snot pply.

Q 11, it b ~ra on the point you ,;ire now rnakinq,

o ·n' t it• 11 yLe cl e ovei:all decisicm doc-an' t apply hut in

... t

h h d i'ono noth::.n, ··.ndepcndently until ho initiated

lii:icr"'tion to ci<i rt -.:hat t-ho pri.ors 11e1·e invali<'l,

er um 1 rnict kc~?

D D.N: Y -, c.'1·, y u Ie .:orr ,..t. -rn that

c , ac:, I 1mcior=tana, this , <111 used £,;,r enhance-

:I ir. oro for ·:'lc.rn to br5 ng in tho original inoiCl1'ent,

t y < 1 0 ,.1 .. d tl :- o or tl ree prio,·s which was a part

o .. t r P' cc-0 ~d · ngs. ::n our cese, th5 s waa for itn))Elachment

e lo e, r,d it '4 !3 no·:: nP<"!P!lS.iry ·~o show other than

h t C valid convictionEi, i::!.Lt in the State of Texas,

t l. .a, it ~as po_, issihle to i peach any witn ss

t took .h r·L nd on i,>rior convicticnc or indictment o::-

··'on er complr . .'nt, so in tnis pa:..i:icular case, if they

h n v bro t in the pr· 01: · nd · ctm nts in which he would not

have had an attorney cb:i,e:;:, w:; could have impeachea him

·,, ·;; :,."'g a< ·.n 194·1. 'I"-is lau was not changed until

Q In 'l'exa J, chC'n, you don''.:: ha\•e to show final

22

-ju· gn''}nt o convic i ,1,, o:.: t leas l: yon did no·l: at that time?

·in. DARDE,,: 111 19 7, no, Mr. ,Justice.

o r lCi-17 ii:.:. :nan uas ind .. ct0t'l ard acquitted, you

could si'O'"' h:1, indic-.:el?

MR. Dl'RDl !· 'lei:, •r. J·usticc.

Q n1.1t w:1a'· . 1er Jr•~ ~ou·t.:l. h,ve nho.m, the fact

h --c yot c' ·.d pi:.::port to . how p:.:evicus convictions, not

jt q'· nc ic: i~ '· ? Yot1 dio 't !.ey tndicted for <:his or that,

OU ·a · ~en .::o v·~,::·· t1, thrcuc;;h (:,:oss-exam:i.nntion,

',; tha ?

l ~:. DJ\" )EN: "cg, r,;r. Justice.

v r yr, ''1:/ :. t is a d5.ffcre'1c:e he·cween what io

:h , ~t.~ n u"ing it in trir c~re and when it is

oh iy f.., e har--:imeni::, is that right,

n. DAr~EN: Y~s, ~r. Justice.

Q J- it }.s hJ cHfference, ~-hEn the jury fiiced the

ti t'na,; w .s the differe,rC!e?

:m. l l'IR"lEN: Oul· c-on.:en~ion--

(' II" · t t.-u • ~h -~ it is two year,; -::o life ::.n this

• D l'DEN: "'IO ·o d ath.

23

Q 0 0 h , d t jury c, n fi:< frora

t' di fr nt from w1'ere the

ury c eh n t"l B nt ?

m. '>!\RD : •·t i n nd~tor- 11 en ancem nt, i:.: they

n th_ p··io.:- c n ictio v lid. T~ n i~ i reand tory.

; .

;

R.

Q

•.n:, "

B t 'ti pe :a .,,

I ,.

'd get r le 7

~N: Y !'l , ·• r.

Q yo, £3~ilicr wit, trr 'Uc~ case?

# ... 1. D : t t~ink i read ·t pr"or t~

Q 1 , i 1,:,• re d the Cot r-.: -,f !'.ppeals decision

.. r:o

1 ek by thii; Court, that <'hcision

of . ppeals con ·med here, ri quired that the case

0 ' 0 n'i:c c ec~use the sent~ncing body, in

t ca ~e ~udgc, ~av~ consideration to prior convictions

• t , =-~ im, li unde·: Gi ~on aqainsi i .-nwriqht. ---- .. ---· o r re th scn'i:cr.ciag hocy \oils the jury and it certainly

• d h fore i . thC'S..J -~?r convict.:.ons, dic:n•t it?

r R. r-1'· D~ ·:: " i'l i... true, your Honor.

0

c,-, r_ of

u~5.ng ,'lat I r-c y :' s a correct descri'.t)tion of

p als da ~i .:.on i '1 ~ucke r and this Co'.l~ t' s

·,. ol'.', 1 o c. t "u .::1i k that at le.- t:. tl--is should go hack

'1 nc an 1t1ac r T ·:as procea ro, I suppose that

24 me.:.ns :1 ~~-1 t:,:-ial. hsca-.i.se the ju;:y docs perform both

i'ut ctiou; in '1'£'Xc,B, is ·1:hal:; right?

rm. D \. DBi , "les, yom: Honor.

Q oo"'~ the jury sti 11 perform 1:he function of sen-

{·" c int, as it die" :;.n i9 4 7 ·;,;h£. i th.i.s cc.1se uas tr .i.ed?

1:R. DA .tE.N: ~7E'11, the stcitu·ce has br,en changec, to

, , ri.i: thf" PE l::i. i::ir,ncr oJ..· D~fe11c1ant ·i:o mak<: a recuest to b.ve

" ..;u l ': ·ir,l o:: v:o have tl,e :; 11cg~ sent::an:::e, depend:cnq on what

i:- W" -res tn i'u.

Q rf ii:: were sent hack Eor re•·uentencinq, now,

•hat WC"uld bi:- ·:he> Me, .11.mism 0£ re-sen·cencinq under presert.

r R. D:"-""IDFN: 1n .:; ence, prchah·.v H: would he qiven

nol:t,-., · i:r:lca! or peJ:mi.·;;~ed 'i.co plead for .-.i1y sentence less

· un 50 year~.

e, f" woulu h ve ·th,~ optj_on of <' trial 6n penal t.v

only?

l'R. l')A'\D '."4: '! s, sil.·, What we are sc1ying, Loper>.

r. ; tried to a,:c.e,rrpli :1 bo';h in the lCJwer courts and this

C ,urt··-t~;.i <'')t:.rt i<i )einq :~C'ti tioned l:c- uet nside the Texas

t•, •• 1 • • c:ti , a t?llc! th..:-e Mississippi corv'.ctions a11d the one

' c.:n" !'3 cc co:.v~ctio·1. nc "Pondent !..Ubri:·.ts that this Court

in .;c,.. · rl ,::in >:hi c cru~stion prE's ... i,ted hy the l.>eti ::ioner,

t t'l:lc _____ o,: the Yiscia~ ipp:. convictions, the

'I - ·r, co ulc'·ion cnc'l in or-:ler to rc;,ch the quc»:.:ion

25

q 1 ."tion p ... nteo ard tie qu tier whlcr

I') rt n aue;t

<'!11th re is r. c r;c .:1 c:>n ove:i: y,. v 1v·r, t 11 rricr vo·u

convic ··ic:ns for ire cl H t pt• pc • h ior c-onvi.cciom::

v li~ nd ~r 1•n o Jnti :?t a i e th~o~·::-l:t tre ~rorer

., occ Jing.

U"l e ... · ·Ju• ~<'\! , n · -:>f onpoi +- "nt c,f coun!'lel,

.,rio ,. , • r, 1 ve· "l"''lin ic :it, :"• · c 1 was decicled in 1 Clf; ~,

th. St~te of T nn E I he State of i(issiosippi requ;i.rea

ppo·r· it of c 1n~ 1 for ·r1i~en·c Jp<'n requeat, a"ld the

-:cc-ord is s·U ent in th:i fl e~ s to whether oi.· not Loper was

in it rd t"1nt i:h co·Jrt hadknowlC' iq of tl•is ana the

r cord ir ile t o w!.E ·1,.r or n"t h had made a ~ec;ues;;

and that t i 1 ec;,i:. i:t tad b .en der,ied.

On the form of i~pe chient, O+-is Loper took the

st,.r 1 to c! •n th. a""':C:ttl t. lie also deni d that anythincr was

""ln'f 11i th 1 • com;-il ; nir q , i tness wr n 1-ta left for to1m,

.-. t 1 t i 'f n ,t· g h. d happened to +h..- ccmplainina witness,

s c m by ;;:'1,. llcGcc. hoy. In t·1is we feel that Harri~

' . t '

I,; • 1 < rplicl'h-o in that whc>, a defendant

;t le' to t !:!!.:' f• , h ia to ta::ce the truth and

:>i or.ly dj Loper deny tt,e aauault, hut he

l o "l 'J. n ali1>i t' a+ noti ing was w!"or-q \1ith the complain-

; · t,. i , whic'1 fou~d no·.: to be true on the testimo~y

• .:). c,-, end 1 -:, t if anvth"nq '1ad happened, such as

tre assault, .i.~ Has th\" Hcr.<:'12 hov.

Q Tc}",_, in this ca!' thc?rf> was r:o c1'a11E>nqe t.o

1i· , :.c i o,c:1ch ldm was hr,::.na chalJ.enm!o ano

I have o -i.ff .i.<•uH:y fl<'~ i1,q how th i,,- ii" l i '<e

11n. DA ~;•~. 01 e , .;; us inq the nrior ,:;ta ;::,,menti::

th t ,, " nc-t c: m:c? u 1ae:c • - -Q T at'f -ight.

1 n. l' ;im1• And _;_t we- use trc? f;ame le">aic r,ere,

we a::e \'.'lll·i~ • at mt u-i-m l'"tf elE"ii convi ctl on, i ,troclucP.o t:o

---·--· 0 .. r;.,r.:hn, i. , onder if I con:er..tlv un<"e:.:stoon

v 11 y, \Tcr -:, · 1 e c io ~ Ju .. t ·.ce wh,:,n hf' , slreii rou if i:hil'I

,n_ k o: _,. nt en ~0, "1<'1at p:cocec'w ?Fl woulo nov 1-r-

" e d.; '1 V<' \ ;:..iy?

, • ') 1 )F ·,1: It would depend oy, what t'lie nP.fennant

to o, ,,.. ~he • o. nc,t I e wan ten to plean for a lAR!'ler

( itrrc- c r

p

C '' -'-, C , t .f i:hh: Cot·rt \ ere to sav it hail

r · 'lCC, the PE>-ci i:icr .: wouJ.d have t1'e C

' C a u J, ut ·1t a new trial"?

R. DJ\!" N: vour Honor, :r t:l•in'·, ''r. Justice,

C O. •

27

0 t h C oicr? l h l C'l'l ,'l 't h C

J ( . I , he t- c-'10i e <'f I a i.,a n

' ,.. . q'it?

n r t'1 h i +-, ~llf P on thp

cc n

') y h 1 t I a:l •m h t ,~ q j ,'l .. ,, t

c r,t· t· n llv hif!II r; "'ti. 1 n' ·: ,; ar d hut t},e v<>rn ~ct

h s ~o do i~ re-~ertenco hirr.? o 'J 'lty cl', l "'

er tC' c-<l.

V t '1

T a •

• •'1\ J) I: •'• is t ould "c , 1 on pro tune, ·ju101'1Pnt

Q w 11 , '·he ,.. t nee, 11 ,nld h i'.'lvalirl hu< the crm-

lcl o l e. LE

uU 1c hava to h vc a '1ew b·l;,l? Aren't there

OC U.C''l it~ 'or re•.,(n

r

n. :1A~Dl-.N, To, tt,is, vour T ono , coulrl CO!'IP unner

•1 judcrn rt.

O , st ai1 a-opccr,mce heforn a jt1oetP for. srmtencina

h .i· ·t, • 1· ri l'

m ., i: yn.,.

'" hecr oaro· c.1 no,?

A v r-, as of SE'p ··e,m'1er, vo11r ITonor.

Q •:i:. r ·,rc'len, ti• I undP.rsl·a c'I vou +-o s~v th/\t. in

,r _ or ,ll o _h e p1·ior ccnvictioni caE" 1, th2 recoi-n

dn~- not o 1 ~c-thE' or ot this P t;;,t.' c, t'-'r waivPc1 the riaht

to c 1r l?

1 • n ,RY", • "' i ii corrP.cc "our 'lnnor. 'T'h<"r<" if'

l'O I • r .:h

ai,rl in the Stat:e of

1.is.Jiss' p :,_ a!: <-h~t t ·'<le, '>r i.:hu1:: he w,s inr'lia•>nt aml that th?

Q Tt. ... t is r.o~ in dispute>.

Mi?. DAf<l)'F:N: ,·7eJ.l, h<'> c2me ::.n, in the hearircr in

1969 in Hou to:'!, :'.11 ti1c "'ir.trict Ccur.: ar •: saic'I 'l.hat rP cc"1lc'ln 'v-

wl i cl• is ))oinc<:'r1 ou·.:. in our J,rie-f,

la'. , " ,al, s :l r,:,quc:-r-t for counsel. 'lhif' the reco;,•,1 is silf>n•:·

t '!'"'Ol".

O no E'VirJ,,nce i.:s to whethe:!'.' or not he «an

t-o ,1 n~ 1?

:.,R. DAR,nN: The l."'JCOrd is nilen+ •

.,_ D P~ ,N: Y ,;, Fir..

fJ , ,., 1, !'>a·..: d:i.r1 he oav'l >iil h.> sav anvthincr ahout

co-:-pun?

~1· 'i',e 0rl" tl•im1 1 rernenh~r, ~r. Ju,e,tice,

i ·r, t ~ir r~t woivP C'>UI' P.1, h0 ~ic'I not have funo~ to

.,oyc l.

"I ~lt C c1 • -:::ontain--

2<1

R, nARPF p 11 this ~ta statel'IPnt in th€>

p· ., 0 'la .. m• int.

('}, t, l,% s lll'I ?

nr,.np .,, (' , • 11t tl' Pi t i .. t ,Tudqc, c'I • ,i not

h l.~ 1 l•io t ·t' and h ld • 'l thc-<1<' co i Ct:i OJ'II':

1• e li

Q 0 C Ul . , t Coli· 0 p E' l -1.i.cl pr "(> <1 0

cl C'. cl t l q • q1c tio "d .. · .. nC'i.:' It ·jur.t S!li •t he, lcl , ,

t t ti, ,. or <"Ol'' i. +- ;· l' PV · f inval ·ci, cz-n I

0 i _ C 1 pUr" NI n'"' it?

y I

PAR" • • i

t J

, i 'it cltl un ler i "PP.1!.Ct!llent,

, ' mi t r .. or convi.c- ·ion for i~•Pe>achmP.r>+-

• X in 11")47 pe .. 1.i.ti:P<'I ,,uc;, furt'1er.

;.,: Y.. r. C hnn:i. t: ,, w'!io is rais ina pArh ~nr: a 1 terna-

tively 'l I" r·o c-r qu~~tlon, and that )F.I thet in 11. -::nse such

., r, t'i

iP t

f 11

I' ~1, her tl'e 'Ury ir ,?OS"'. the sentPnce

_h 1 ·t , 'l<lc. , '.Ir: in I ost ·j11rii;cli,:tiori:1, that in 'l'exas

<'·re

n

t c s, then tlw eviclence of il'lr>PachriPnt

r ch o, wl ~t the f'our··. has naiil is not

p V"0 t ~. t -~ s, it qo s to enlinnce the, puni!lh!11ent or at

"lat re orP c n sav that itdi.0 not increasP

t C nt.

'1. Ai).~: e ta} the position that it rlid not,

r. i' u ~, h s-cl on~ e facts. In their hrief thev

30

po·Lrt C'Ut th"ltonly 'i::hc- e.i.gh-.::-year-old i,; the only one that

:: ,:,J.ica't:eii C :.;;.s r.op 'r, t·1e neienr1ant. llnfort.unatfll", in

these .:ypes c.-f "'e::< C'rimes, there are onlv two people ai:ouna,

Bu•i: she ;,Jso te:?-.::if-'ed ,:hc',t this is the !<am?. th.i.nq '.:hat he

..,ad do·•e the ; -&, '>efcr.e uhen she •,,as livinc: ; i(:h hPr qrann-

;,e:..·eni:~ in Alaha~a, cmd ti a:: ht> threatener1 hP'.L' anil she di<'l

not te'l 1:·,, ,fv1t hu<'l happened, and o:inallv ·i:ola ther,, ·that

shr> hcd "all'n on a ~ti.cl< to hu;:t 'ier,;elf. "'his testimonv

c ,t1':. an3 i +-h this, a lc-'iq w:'..'ch t.he fa :::i:. th;:i.t he wa:,;

• e ,J, .. l jury has now a 1,rior offense which coulc1 ·jus.-

1:lfy c~,. S'l ,,e-1.rr;.

,'r c nly tilinq he -:::a·· a 1•:a!l, "No, r c1idn't no it

h t if i. i: 'l ' ned, ';h:; '''cGn,. hoy did it.·• 1'here is nothina

'~ i: . rec'lrc' ch .'t: she ··s the ~1cnee hoy was even pr.-r.ent a·:: t."nt

l-iC'"S" on il"qt..-t <l, l<l47, or that i:he bov was present tl'-at

Fi.-id 1y lrnf ,i::

rt is ?U:t posi ti ..,n that he }las not a·ctackec'! or

o• d ~h ''l convici:ions in tJ-oc:: propE'r ::ourt hv qoina hack

·0 1., ,.. r•,ict n i cour·c. .;-, -~"-r-ore, t'1e ·jurv in the i:;tatP, ano

,1 1 "Er .. l D · '!tr' e .. : Cc urt, the Fifth Circuit, !'lhouln he

}' .. rl

F. r»rF rus '!CB EUFGF.R, Than)< vou. Mr, n~i:den .

r. Caba 1i,i,e:, do you have anvt· i n<T furthnr?

Tl .. , A,'("J}lENT OP J(")Jm r. C'\FAN:i:ss, F.SO.

ON B , . ,F l")F PET!"'IONT:'R

3].

n.c,, r. ~, f ,Tu~t-ice.

o o r t reen am .imo,~p,ssion nr

r, t r g t-t Co ·t orrrctlv. wer" tallrina

'lt""n t~~r • c for re- ~ntincira which

t:O ffl ·1 11 c ior o,. li i ti er thP corocpt of'

t,, or c ic'i n f l atric~ l to a ~itu~tlon of

n ,c c" o . ncr pi;.. i hrn,;nt.

C Bu,: i+-t more h:r:o dly t1, 11 that, ant'l it:

p ,, · c m r -o, .• t"·1~in o ld not J • ati,::factorv in a

£. 1 r- e t·. .i.n lid ta' ntm1 v •rncl?' i1r~rot'11ccc'I

cc uOC o ,l'J l:i entC',cina of Otii; Loper

bu '"O s C' ict·on of u· 1 on the prir., ry offen r. . It

to n 0 1' u.c , ti at the reauir re nt. is -,ot

r •(l nt re bu a oi~ 1\C of th convict · 011 anc1 '! sinplv

r nt r ng ha· oi.11t o~n;:d in c~l'lci I hnd not mnrlo rnv-

Cl. le •

-;_., - ,:.:.:.nl, to you have ..1nv ic'lea i,here the

. \. ac of now?

1,R. C:'\Tl.1\t! ·, 3· n,:,, i.tr, ,lur:ticc, I c~o not. I'm

0 ·' C ~er Ir. LOO)r 1,ow.

0 She W«8 •_qh;: y ara old in l < 4 7, right?

Q Mr. Cahan:.ss, do I u.,dcrstand that Loper ie new

on pa..:ole?

R. CA fil-?IS3: Ye--:, :!:', Jtl!.tice, he ~qas paroled anrl

i

i h .. t o

'ch 't I

f .il'

r · n

n l-

32

r "l nrn or r in lvpqi;, , "'nxas.

u

icing · 41

t.::> ny a 011t w at tre nr()(' aui:-e

t r lilnitati~n upon

i

?,o, 1 •• Justice, t rlon't, l 'n not

.Jld h u c,r • oula 1, li ve ti,at "'t>xas

~o h pr c dur s i~ a c A 'i et i , for rP-r-P.ntP.ncina

wil:hou - ·

q .. !ons.

• ·h r

1 t

t ithoul: a nc tri· ·?

R. CAD,N!SS: ~, for full C n~i,~raLion.

T'1 • 's all :;: h ve, unl ss the Cour.t han further

• CH "En ,1lJS"' c. JlURn: : Mr, C' 1hanivs, you actco

Court in th· s c· sc.

R. CJ\D llI.'.'S: Ven, yc:.ir Honor.

CnIP.F Jt,J' .i.C'B BURC"F.'1: We want to thank vou for

c t- i.h l cou t ano your asnist<1nce to thP.

r nt d I ~r .

is .JJ, ittccl.

(n e .. upon, at 1•32 o'c:..oc1', a.in. tr<? cave waR

t" ,'ti:; 1 )