In this issue Strive for excellence · English monarchy and ensured its survival as a ceremonial...

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JANUARY 2003 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033

THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN

VEMAThe oldestcirculating

Greeknewspaper

outsideGreece

Neurologist awarded with

Gold Cross PAGE 10/30

Kythira:Aphrodite�s

birthplace revisitedPAGE 19/39

IOC president callsAthens' progress

'outstanding'PAGE 23/43

In this issue...

FEATURE

ATHENS 2004

TRAVEL

Top Greek High School Graduates in NSW and VIC

Strive forexcellenceBy Denise Galathris and Olga Hatzopoulos

The 2002 Year 12 Higher School Certifi-cate has passed and a collective sigh ofrelief can be heard all over Australia fromstudents and their stressed families. To cel-ebrate their achievement, we have compiledlists of Greek Australian students who haveachieved exceptional marks in their courses.They show the benefits of dedication andhard work and are an inspiration to otherstudents.Please note that this is not a complete list ofstudents in their final year. We apologisefor any possible omission of students in thelists below, which is entirely unintentional.If we have missed someone you know,please contact us and we will print the stu-dent�s name in the next issue. All studentshowever should be congratulated on theirhard work, not only those listed below.

NSW Honour Roll

Below are all the students who haveachieved a mark of 90 or above in any oneof the 113 official subjects for the HigherSchool Certificate designated by the NSWBoard of Studies. Please note that �Exten-sion� subjects are higher-level subjects,�Continuers� in language subjects showthat the student studied the language beforethe HSC year and �Beginners� are thosestudents who have not studied the languagebefore.

Nicholas Adamopoulos (Trinity Grammar School)English Extension 2 1 unitPatricia Anastasi (Roseville College)

Ancient History 2 unit, Business Studies 2unitEleni Andreou (St George Girls High School, Kogarah)Chemistry 2 unit, Mathematics Extension 12unit, Mathematics Extension 2 2unit,Modern History 2 unitAnastasia Andressakis (St John�s College, Dubbo)Studies of Religion 1 1 unitEmmanuel Androulidakis (Port Hacking High School)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit, ModernGreek Extension 1 unitChristian Angelopoulos (Newington College Stanmore)Ancient History 2 unit, Business Studies 2unit, Mathematics 2 unit, MathematicsExtension 1 2 unit, History Extension 1unitKristel Antoniou (Danebank School For Girls)Business Studies 2 unitInformation Process and Technology 2 unitMathematics 2 unitBelinda Athanasoulas (Kingsgrove High School)Business Studies 2 unit, English Advanced2 unitJoshua Augustinus (Fort Street High School, Petersham) Mathematics 2 unitSam Christodoulides (Trinity Catholic College Auburn)General Mathematics 2 unitFotis Comino (Marist College Kogarah)Mathematics Extension 1 2 unitMichael Coursaris (Marist College Kogarah)Chemistry 2 unit, Mathematics Extension 12 unit

Nicholas Damianakis (The Scots College)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitZoe Daskalopoulos (SCEGGS Darlinghurst)Mathematics 2 unitDiana Demetriou (Port Hacking High School)Mathematics 2 unit, Textiles and Design 2unitAdriana Elizabeth Edmeades(MLC Burwood)Ancient History 2 unit, English Advanced 2unit, Modern History 2 unit, History Exten-sion 1 unitSofia Evangelinidis (SCEGGS Darlinghurst)Ancient History 2 unit, General Mathemat-ics 2 unit, History Extension 1 unit, FrenchContinuers 2 unit, German Beginners 2 unitAngela Nicole Evanges (Blakehurst High School)Ancient History 2 unit, English Advanced 2unit, Legal Studies 2 unit, Mathematics 2unitGeorge Fanos(Georges R. College, Oatley Sen. Campus)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit, ModernGreek Extension 1 unitMelanie Fentoullis(Kambala High School)Biology 2 unit, Chemistry 2 unit, EnglishAdvanced 2 unit, Mathematics Extension 12 unit, Mathematics Extension 2 2 unit,Physics 2 unitRenee Fountas (Beverly Hills Girls High School)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit, ModernGreek Extension 1 unit

Cont. page 9/29

Top Modern Greek students reveal their secret of success (Pages 16/36 & 17/37)

JANUARY 2003The Greek Australian VEMATO BHMA2/22

22 JANUARY

1901- Queen Victoria diesThe death of Queen Victoria on January 22,1901, ends an era in which most of herBritish subjects know no other monarch. Her63-year reign, the longest in British history,saw the growth of an empire on which thesun never set. Victoria restored dignity to theEnglish monarchy and ensured its survival asa ceremonial political institution.

24 JANUARY

1965- Winston Churchill diesSir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, theBritish leader who guided Great Britain andthe Allies through the crisis of World War II,dies in London at the age of 90.

26 JANUARY

1950-Republic of India bornOn January 26, 1950, the Indian constitutiontakes effect, making the Republic of India themost populous democracy in the world.

28 JANUARY

1986- Challenger explodesAt 11:38 a.m. EST, on January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger lifts off from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Seventy-three seconds later, hundreds on theground stared in disbelief as the shuttleexploded in a forking plume of smoke andfire. Millions more watched the wrenchingtragedy unfold on live television. There wereno survivors.

12 FEBRUARY

1999- President Clinton acquittedOn February 12, 1999, the five-weekimpeachment trial of Bill Clinton comes toan end, with the Senate voting to acquit the president on both articles of impeach-ment: perjury and obstruction of justice.

On February 12, 1999, then USPresident, Bill Clinton, was acquittedon both articles of impeachment: per-jury and obstruction of justice, for hisaffair with Monica Lewinsky, a 21-year-old unpaid intern.

What�s newDID YOU KNOW? The chicken is one of thefirst domestic animals, appearing in Chinaaround 1400 BC. Chicken are descendants ofthe red jungle fowl (gallus gallus spadiceus)that lives in Asia.

Today in history Presentation of the 2004 Olympic Games TorchAn olive leaf is the symbol of theOlympic torch that will carry themessages and values of the 2004Olympic Games throughout theworld. The Olympic torch is consid-ered to be one of the most powerfulsymbols of every Olympic Games.

The ATHENS 2004 Olympic Torch was pre-sented by IOC President Dr Jacques Roggeand ATHENS 2004 President Mrs GiannaAngelopoulos-Daskalaki, during an event atthe new Convention Centre of theOrganising Committee for the OlympicGames.

The ATHENS 2004 President, referring tothe choice, stressed: �Our final choice wasreceived with enthusiasm by theInternational Olympic Committee, whichjudged that it constitutes a consistent contin-uation of the image of the 2004 OlympicGames we have promoted until today andthat it genuinely conveys the spirit of con-temporary Greece.

What we sought and found above all was thedirect and authentic way in which the torchwill reflect Greece as well as the values ofpeace and hope in every place to which ittravels�.

The IOC President, after reminding that �in1936, Yannis Ketseas and the then organiserof the Berlin Games, Carl Diem, thought thatit would be a good idea to adopt this traditionof ancient Athens and to introduce it to theCeremonies and protocol of the OlympicGames�, added: �Very soon the first torchrelay, between Olympia and Berlin, touchedall the world and became a very powerfulsymbol�.

Referring further to the torch, but also to thetorch relay and their significance, Dr Roggestressed that �it is also a strong, importantmessage, one of the few events in whichordinary citizens can participate and becomeprotagonists in the Olympic Games�. Hereminded that �the flame will traverse fiveContinents and during this course 15 to 20thousand torch runners will participate,anonymous citizens of all countries who arealso protagonists of the Games�.

The ATHENS 2004 Olympic Torch,inspired by the olive leaf, a traditional tree ofthe Greek landscape, a symbol of the State ofAthens, a part of the olive wreath which wasthe ultimate honour for the Olympic cham-pions of antiquity and the symbol of theAthens Olympic Games, for the first timewill traverse all five continents. It will carrythe messages of heritage, celebration, humanscale and participation and will highlight theunbreakable link between Greek history and

the modern Olympic Games.

The design of the torch is based on the prin-ciples of ergonomics, with its proportions of68 cm in height and its weight of 700 gramsrendering it user-friendly, since the torch will

be used both for the 2004 Olympic and theParalympic Games. The choice of its materi-als (metal and wood) reflects the sense ofbalance between man and nature.

Invitations to undertake the artistic andindustrial design of the torch were sent to 21sculptors and designers throughout Greece,out of which 13 eventually participated.Artistic design accounted for 60% of thefinal choice and technical specifications for40%.

After the approval of the proposal by theInternational Olympic Committee, AndreasVarotsos, an Industrial Designer, was noti-fied that his design was chosen as the officialATHENS 2004 Olympic Torch. During thepresentation of the torch, Mr Varotsos stated:

�I would like to stress that it is a great hon-our for me to be given the opportunity to par-ticipate in this major event, in which thewhole of Hellenism has invested! I tried toincorporate in the torch as many elements ofGreek civilisation as possible, aimingthrough it to develop a dialogue among peo-ple, which is the basic objective of theOlympic Games and the Olympic Idea�.

Prior to the unveiling of the torch a videowas screened on the history of the TorchRelay and the history and symbolism of theOlympic flame, and finally on the design,creative inspiration and the idea behind theATHENS 2004 Olympic Torch.

The GreekAustralian Vema

The oldest circulatingGreek newspaperoutside Greece

The ATHENS 2004

Olympic Torch

JANUARY 2003 The Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 3/23

Letters to the Editor , not exceeding 250 words, can be mailed to The Greek Australian Vema, P.O.Box M59 Marrickvil le South, NSW 2204

or e-mailed to: [email protected]

The biggest Church news over the past two weeks has been the apparently unfruitful attempt ofthe Greek government to act as mediator between the schismatic community groups in Australia andthe Ecumenical Patriarchate.

Consequently, there was a fair dose of high-level correspondence between the Deputy ForeignMinister, Mr Mangriotis, and Archbishop Stylianos in recent days. Vema is therefore pleased to beable to publish in this month�s issue the article of the Primate of the Greek Orthodox Church inAustralia written, as our readers will see, in the aftermath of that correspondence.

The tone of the article has understandably passed through the phase of �frustration� into the modeof �anger�. Anger that speaks on behalf of the majority of Greek Australians, who are decent andprogressive people, and who are tired of the same old plot. Anger that we are all using energy thatwould certainly be far better spent on education, mission, welfare etc. Anger that a handful of indi-viduals are quite prepared to jeopardize the future of an entire community because of personal ambi-tion. To this end, they have thrived on the back of several myths surrounding the whole sad saga.

Myth 1: The whole of the Greek Australian community is split down the middleReality: The problem essentially exists in Adelaide and Sydney (with a tinge in Melbourne,Wollongong and Newcastle). It does NOT exist in Brisbane, Perth, Canberra, Darwin or Tasmania.

Myth 2: The problem stems from an inflexible Archbishop who is not prepared to dialoguewith these groupsReality: The schismatic issue predates the arrival of His Eminence to Australia, so why is heascribed the blame? In any case, he is a man who has for decades been involved with official dia-logues with other Christian denominations for years, so why are they pretending that he is againstdialogue?

Myth 3: The issue is not about principles, but merely about the Church wanting power andmoney Reality: The Church (Archdiocese) leadership is not seeking property titles, and any Church build-ings of the old schismatic communities that were to come under its responsibility would, for practi-cal reasons, be more likely regarded as liabilities rather than assets.

Someone once rang the Sydney offices of the Archdiocese saying, �I know, the issues behind thescenes must be very complex...� etc., to which the reply was given: �No, in actual fact the issues arenot complex. They are quite straightforward - the schismatic groups have people dressed in blackwho are masquerading as priests, but who were never properly ordained. Therefore they cannot per-form valid sacraments. Furthermore, the Church cannot be true to herself without pointing this dan-ger out to other people.� Full stop. So these people have thoroughly earned the title of �schismatics�,since schism literally means to tear in two.

It took about four decades to get here, but people are finally putting the shoe on the right foot. Itis not the Church which is divisive, but they who pretend to be the Church. How dare they! No won-der our frustration has turned to anger. And now they have realized that they have dug themselvesinto a hole so deep that they cannot see the way out. They know that no other Canonical OrthodoxChurch - not only of this country, but of the world - recognizes them. Hence the desperate visitrecently of several schismatic leaders from Sydney and Adelaide to the Patriarchate inConstantinople. However it was a visit that even their own members knew nothing about.

Without any exaggeration or spite, one could say that they are a miniature mirror image of theoccupied area of Cyprus. For, regardless of Raouf Denktash� attempts over many years to establishthat area as an independent nation, the fact remains it is not recognized by any other country on earth,other than Turkey. In the same way, the only people who recognize any ecclesial dimension of theschismatic �Greek Orthodox Communities� are merely the people who formed them in the firstplace. They, like Denktash, do not want a �solution�, but only �recognition�. And now the free GreekCypriot side has received acceptance into the European Union, much to the chagrin of their TurkishCypriot neighbours who are now demonstrating in protest against their own leader. They know nowthat they cannot expect to prosper while living an old lie.

While Denktash rejects proposals for re-unification of the island, he demands direct recognitionfrom the EU on his own terms. The schismatic Australian leaders meanwhile run to Constantinoplehoping, in vain, to bring home their own brand of recognition, while rejecting previous proposals forre-unification with the local Church. Are we missing a parallel here?

Perhaps all that is left is for Orthodox Christians to pray for them. Surely the prayers of 700,000can affect the hearts of a few.

Dimitri [email protected]

It�s all Greek to meA new year has begun, and the Vasilopittacut.

On the 1st day of January, being away fromhome over the holidays, we attended DivineLiturgy at the Greek Orthodox Church clos-est to where we were staying. Living in alarge city, we�re used to travelling, so it wasa delight to only have to go a kilometre orso to attend Church. Of course, everySunday we could easily find a Church clos-er to us than 35 kilometres away, and, infact, we probably pass at least six GreekOrthodox Churches on that trip every week.We�re not the only ones who journey a longdistance to attend this parish, and comparedto several people our trip is a mere hop, skipand a jump. So what makes this particularparish Church so inviting? Exactly what was lacking at the Church wevisited on St Basil�s Day, making it souninviting. In a word, English.

As many people do, I took some readingmatter away with me for the holiday season.As well as a biography that had been rec-ommended to me, I also took a booklet con-taining a community profile, derived fromthe 1996 Census, of Australians born inGreece. Not your usual holiday readingfare, I grant you, however one point in thesummary came to mind as I sat in Churchon St Basil�s Day.

In Queensland, in 1996, Australian-bornGreeks outnumbered Greek-born. So how, Ifound myself wondering, did I manage, in2003, to be sitting in a Church, in theSunshine State, listening to a Liturgy of StBasil, chanted and spoken entirely in theGreek language?

In the 1996 census it�s clear that when itcomes to maintaining Greek language, thenumbers were admirable. A quick lookaround any Church on any given Sundaywould clearly show, though, that this couldnot have been due to Church attendance byyoung Australian-Greeks.

On the flip side, although over two-thirds ofthose who spoke English, spoke it well orvery well, Greeks performed poorly inEnglish proficiency compared to others liv-ing in Australia from non-English speakingbackgrounds. Ideally, of course, in order tofully participate in both cultures, Greek andEnglish-speaking, competent bilingualismis necessary.

Similarly, bilingualism needs to be the prac-tise, not merely the stated aim, of ourChurch in Australia, if everyone is to begiven a chance to participate fully.

Would those Australian-Greeks who speakno English at all (in 1996, 2.9% ofAustralia�s Greeks born in Greece) be dis-advantaged if our services were bilingual?Many see the Orthodox Church in Australiaas an exclusive club catering for those whospeak only Greek. As such in the past,whom have we excluded? Besides our chil-dren, I mean. At a guess, friends, strangers,and all of those who lie somewhere inbetween.

Talking Point

by Ann Coward

Believing Harry Potter casts a devilish spellover children, leading members of the influen-tial Cyprus Orthodox Church demanded thelatest Harry Potter film be banned from localcinemas.

The Alithia daily quoted Paphos BishopChrysostomos and a suffragan bishop as say-ing the latest film, Harry Potter and theChamber of Secrets, "promotes sorcery andwitchcraft".

The Paphos Bishop told Alithia the movie"familiarised children with evil, witchcraft,occultism, demonology and cultivated fear".Suffragan Bishop Vassilios of Trimithountacalled on parents to "protect" their childrenfrom the Harry Potter craze.

Nevertheless, Cypriots are still flocking to seethe film and the series of books, translated intoGreek, are also selling like hot cakes on theisland.The film's distributors told AFP the Chamberof Secrets had far outsold the first film, HarryPotter and the Philosopher's Stone.

A high-level church committee dealing inissues of heresy reportedly discussed the"satanic effects" of the Harry Potter phenome-non recently, and the subject is expected to topthe agenda when the church synod meets nextmonth.

The church's highest body is expected toappeal to the authorities to ban the film and

withdraw the widely popular Harry Potterbooks from the market, the Paphos Bishopsaid.

The bishop was not immediately available forcomment to AFP, and it was not known if hehad read any of the books or seen the film.The stand by the Cyprus Church follows sim-ilar reaction by the Greek Orthodox Church,which also argues that the series about anacademy for budding wizards sets a bad exam-ple for children, pushing them towards satanicweb sites.

AFP

EditorialDID YOU KNOW? The world's first stonelighthouse was the Smeaton Eddystone,built just south of Plymouth, England in1756 by John Smeaton, the "Father of CivilEngineering." It was lit with only 24 candles.

�S� is for schism

Cyprus Church leaders want Harry Potter banned �It promotes sorcery and witchcraft�,

says Paphos Bishop Chrysostomos

JANUARY 2003Greek Australian VEMATO BHMA4/24

By Olga Hatzopoulos

On Wednesday 11th December 2002, St Euphemia Col-lege High School of Bankstown, New South Wales,held its annual Presentation Night, which had many dig-nitaries in attendance, including Father Apostolpoulos.

The evening began with a welcome addresses by theMC of the evening Mr Chris Zogopoulos, followed byPresidents Mr Peter Theo OAM. Mr Theo used hisspeech to highlight the many achievements of the col-lege in the year 2002, while giving inspiration to thegraduating students. He told them that St Euphemia�sCollege�s first University graduates would be complet-ing their studies that year, one of whom had alreadystarted employment as a primary school teacher in thecollege.

Following Principal Mr Hirakis� address, Dr ZafVoulalas and Mrs Anastasia Prevezanos inducted theSchool prefect body of 2003. William Soulis and Pene-lope Aligianis are both captains, with NicoletaKarakominakis and Chris Pierou as vice captains. Pre-fects Eleni Sereti, Nicholas Efstathiou, Helen Psali-dakis, Spiro Mavraidis, Melissa Djurjevic, KyriacosPhylactou and Sophie Dakis follow them. These stu-dents were elected because they are thought to be anexample of the hard working students that attend StEuphemia, and will lead by that example.

On the night there was a number of special presenta-tions. Retiring P&F President, Mr Lambros Wassef,received an award, which acknowledged all his hardwork done as president while P&F Vice-President, MrsD. Spanos also received an award with him.

Boris Miladinovic was the recipient of $500 for thehighest UAI in the 2001 HSC Examinations, which waspresented by Mr Peter Theo OAM. Boris should be con-gratulated on such a great achievement and the greatstandard he has set.

Mr Theo was a busy man on the night, also handing outthe NSW Parliamentary Awards on behalf on Memberfor Bankstown Mr Tony Stewart. He also joined schoolprincipal Mr Hirakis in presenting Georgia Pierou withthe school Dux award for 2002. Georgia was addition-ally presented with the AHEPA Award for ModernGreek.

Other merits awarded were the Reuben F. Scarf Awardto Kostas Papamihalakis, Sportsman and Woman of theyear to Chris Yiangou and Katie Orfanos respectively,School Service and Principal�s Medals and the top threeacademic placegetters for each year, awarded by eachyears advisors.

Miss Michelle Omeros, the head teacher of the TASdepartment of the college, presented a special Designand Technology award to three lucky students, MariaHadjikyriacou, Katie Orfanos and Michael Charalam-bous. Maria and Katie also have the honour of their pro-jects being selected for an exhibition at the PowerhouseMuseum in Sydney.

But it was not only a night of Prizes. Entertainment wason offer as well. Year Eight Modern Greek performedthe play �Paramoni Hristougenon� followed by YearNine Modern Greek�s play �Ta Xefteria�. The Greek Dancing troupe performed also, under theinstruction of Mrs Gourvelos, while the school choirtopped off the night under the instruction of Mr HectorNavarro.

It was an entertaining evening and everyone at StEuphemia College High wish all their graduating stu-dents continued success, whether they choose to do fur-ther study or join the workforce.

What�s newDID YOU KNOW? Traffic lights wereused before the advent of the motorcar.In 1868, a lantern with red and greensignals was used at a London intersec-tion to control the flow of horse buggiesand pedestrians.

St Euphemia College High School Presentation Night

Premier Carr appoints two leading Greek-Australians

to Powerhouse postsTwo leading members of theGreek-Australian community tookup new appointments at Sydney�sPowerhouse Museum.

�It is a great delight for me toannounce that Nicholas Pappas, acurrent member of the Power-house Trust, is to take on the roleof President,� said the Premier andMinister for the Arts, Bob Carr.�Dr Pappas has been a valuedmember of the board since hisappointment in 1999.�I am delighted he has acceptedmy invitation to take the helm ofthe Powerhouse board.�Dr Pappas, a Sydney lawyer witha PhD in economic history, wasinstrumental in bringing the price-less Greek antiquities exhibition tothe Powerhouse during the 2000Olympic Games,� the Premiersaid.

The Premier also welcomed to thePowerhouse Trust Mr MarkBouris, executive chairman ofWizard Financial Services, thecompany he founded in 1996.�Mr Bouris has a wealth of corpo-rate, financial and IT expertise,�Mr Carr said.

Mr Bouris began his appointmenton January 1, 2003.The Premier thanked outgoing

Powerhouse Trust President, MrMarco Belgiorno-Zegna AM, whohas served at the museum since1997.Mr Carr said Mr Belgiorno-Zegna�s presidency coincided withan exciting period of growth forthe museum, including theappointment of a new director, theadoption of a new corporate imageand two of its most successfulexhibitions - Star Wars and theGreek Antiquities.The Powerhouse Museum and theSydney Observatory form theMuseum of Applied Arts and Sci-ences, which is governed by anine-member board of communityrepresentatives, appointed by thePremier as Minister for the Arts.

Premier Bob Carr

2002 School DUX, Georgia Pierou with Fr MichealApostolopoulos, Mr Peter Theo OAM and School

Principal Mr H. Hirakis

Design & Technology Award recipients, M. Char-alambous, Katie Orfanos and Maria Hadjikyriacou

AHEPA Award winner, Georgia Pierou, with Mrs Lynch

The School Dance Group

Best UAI 2002 student, Boris Miladinovic, with Principal Mr H. Hirakis and President Mr Peter

Theo OAM

JANUARY 2003 Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 5/25

Our Primate�s View

It is extremely upsetting and dishearteningthat during these major Feast Days of Chris-tendom and at the outset of the New Year weare compelled to write bitter truths, raisingissues which are self-explanatory, in order tocensure the unforgivable superficiality,deceitfulness, and insincerity of individualswho aspire �to carve their own history� out ofthe life of the Greek people in Australia.

And in the first instance of course we refer tothe Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs ofGreece, Mr Ioannis Mangriotis who, itappears, has inherited the self-importanceand irrelevance of his predecessor Mr Niotis,thinking like those before him who, by�tricks� befitting apprentice magiciansattempted to �plant� Mr Vertzayias as ourrepresentative in their notorious SAE (Coun-cil for Greeks Abroad), that they could alsoreinstate their protected few Schismatics�behind the back� of the Canonical Prelate ofthis region - in other words the Archbishop ofAustralia - as if he were merely an �AssistantBishop� of the Patriarch of Constantinople,and an inexperienced and uninformed one atthat.

Of course, the Ecumenical Patriarchate, inaccordance with the Holy Canons, knowsvery well the inviolable authority of eachPrelate within his Eparchy (Region), as it alsoknows what is and what is called a �Schism�.Therefore, there is no room for anyone toplay games �where one should not play�.

We have chosen as the title of today�s articletwo very simple words so that we might gostraight to the heart of the problem, forthose who pretend they do not remember ordo not understand.

�DIRECTION� (eftheia) and �RESPONSI-BILITY� (efthyni) are neither incidentalwords nor unrelated. One derives etymologi-cally from the other, which is why one cannotstand without the other. Just like the adjective�good� (kalos) is derived from �goodness�(kalosyni), in the same way �eftheia� (direc-tion) is derived from �efthyni� (responsibili-ty). It appears that Mr Mangriotis unfortu-nately either does not want to know, or doesnot know, or in any event does not respectthis �moral equation�. And it is true that onerequires �bravery� in order to see things asthey are and not as they �suit� one to be. Pol-itics is an especially �noble� ministry and isnot exercised painlessly and irresponsibly.

However let us now examine the précis ofwhat actions the Deputy Minister did notcarry out (though he should have) and whatactions he did engage in (though he shouldnot have), thus provoking us to censure himpublicly today, during this critical hour inwhich the Greek Government has justassumed the Presidency of the EuropeanUnion for the next six months.

If the Deputy Minister were truly interestedin assisting the return of whichever Schis-matic groups to the Canonical Church fromwhich they broke away ruthlessly and irrev-erently at the beginning of the 1960�s, it was

crucial for him to have engaged in the fol-lowing fundamental and self-evident proce-dure:

1. In the first instance he should haveread up on the history and the �feats� of theSchismatics over the previous 40 years now,as well as the earnest attempts of our Arch-diocese during that period aimed at leadingthem to an elementary �knowledge of God�and to a sincere dialogue.

2. He should have declared to theSchismatics that he knows what a minute,almost incalculable, percentage they repre-sent today amidst the huge number ofGreeks in Australia who have organizedthemselves, after the Schism of 1960, intomore than 130 populous Communities andParishes (not only with magnificent Church-es and Holy Monasteries, but also with Parishand Cultural Centres, Philoptochos Ladies�Auxiliaries, Youth Groups, Senior CitizensGroups, imposing Australia-wide chains ofInstitutions such as the �St Basil�s� network ofHostels and Nursing Homes, the recognizedfull-time Greek Orthodox Bilingual Colleges,the tertiary Theological College of �StAndrew�, etc). During these past 40 yearswhat have the so-called �Community� fac-tioneers (Koinotikoi) managed to arrayagainst these works, given that along the way

they have utilized the assets accumulated bythe pious Church members of the past, aswell as the continuous grants from both theGreek and Australian Governments? Every-one knows what they have managed toachieve: only contentions, slander, pseudo-sacraments and pseudo-priests!

If the would-be peacemaker Mr Mangriotiswere to have merely reminded them of allthese basics, demonstrating to them their true�stature�, perhaps he might have broughtthem somewhat to their senses, so that theirregistered �stamps� might not haveexpressed such audacity, and they in turnmight have repented to the degree of shameand to that elementary sense of decencywhich has always characterized Greeks. Butwhat hope of such sensitivities? And yet,such a prudent and honourable methodicalapproach would have caused unspeakablejoy to all of us. Like the joy �in heaven overjust one sinner who repents� (see Lk15.10).

3. Since he was taught EcclesiasticalLaw at Law School, Mr Mangriotis shouldhave declared to the Schismatics that whenthe Church names persons �Schismatics� itis not using a term created by Stylianos, butthe definitive language of the EcumenicalCouncils which so refers to those who have�scissored� or �torn� the unity and thepeace of the people of God. And thesecrimes have always been accompanied bythe �anathema� of St Paul (see Gal. 1.8-9).

For this reason precisely such crimes withpseudo-priests and pseudo-sacramentscannot be overcome cursorily but by sincererepentance and by genuine rectification.Otherwise, both God and His faithful peopleare provoked.

4. Last year, whilst accompanying the

President of the Hellenic Republic to Aus-tralia, Mr Mangriotis was able to see and hearat first hand how unjust and patently obviousthe slander contrived against the Archdioceseby the Schismatics of Lakemba was. Duringthat visit, though they have shrunk consider-ably, the Schismatics employed all means,with their new President Mr Angelopoulos(behind the scenes always!) thoroughly coor-dinating all the relevant activities, as wasobvious from the staged and expensivenotices and articles even in Athenian news-papers. Upon his return to Greece with MrStephanopoulos, Mr Mangriotis should have�balanced� his own actions, comparing themresponsibly to all that was said and done herepublicly by Mr Stephanopoulos. Otherwise,such a degree of �bilingualism� is belittling tothe notion of State even in the eyes of themost naive.

5. Instead of the Deputy Ministerresponsibly applying all of the aforemen-tioned obligations with regard to this issue,and in continuation coming prepared withexplicit and specific facts and proposals,before meeting in the first instance with theArchbishop of Australia, indeed at a timemutually agreed upon, he hastened to a rele-vant meeting and discussions at the Patriar-chate of Constantinople, �completely unbe-known to us�, under the pretext of a supposed

pilgrimage by the three representatives of theso-called �Federation of Greek Communitiesin Australia� and the �Autocephalous��Church�, on the occasion of the HolyEpiphany.

6. The climax however of the naivetyand insincerity of Mr Mangriotis was hisattempt at the last minute to �track down� theresponsible Archbishop of Australia, even aslate as 2-1-2003, via the mobile phones (!) ofthe Consul General for Greece in Sydney, MrDamianakis, in order to �speak urgentlywith the Archbishop on an importantissue�! But they were significant Holy Daysand the writer was in Melbourne with his twoAssistant Bishops tending to pastoral obliga-tions and presiding at festive events. For thisreason the writer notified the ambushingglory-hunter Mr Mangriotis via Mr Dami-anakis that �the Archbishop does not dealwith official matters over the phone�.Instead of coming to his senses and becomingmore serious in his further attempts, he sent afax whose entirely irrelevant content wewould not wish to publicize here out of bothcompassion and pity for the responsibilitieswhich he has conducted so irresponsibly todate, as far as our issues in Australia are con-cerned, assisted always by Mr Dollis who,unfortunately, though from Australia himself,does know better than anyone what is whatand who is who in Australia.

7. By choosing the �crooked� path,instead of the �direct� path, and simultane-ously having believed that with an unaccept-able ambush by phone, especially on publicholidays and major Feast Days, he could sub-sequently claim that the uncouthly forged ini-tiatives which had �the blessing� of theresponsible Prelate in Australia, he commit-ted what was the most unforgivable and infu-riating part of this whole sorrowful �farcicalcomedy�.

Now, as for the representation ofthe three Schismatics who went to the Ecu-menical Patriarchate, led by Mr Mangriotis,supposedly �to solve� their own problemwhich for 40 years has remained unsolvedand well-known to all, it would be a luxuryto discuss here respect for direction andresponsibility. They are judged and will bejudged (they are already being judged, as wehear) by their Committees which alwaysboast about their democratic persuasionsand procedures.

As for Mr Angelopoulos alone,whom we had received with affection andpatience two or three times at our CentralOffices (as a private individual and as Man-ager of Olympic Airways), even though hehad already been elected President of theSchismatics in Sydney, we have to say that hehas been a complete disappointment to us.His response to our responsible and officialletter which we sent him protesting about allthat the Newspapers were attributing to himduring the visit to Australia and New Zealandby the President of the Hellenic Republic,was entirely different to what he had indicat-ed verbally in person. And more seriously,he avoided denying what the Newspaperswere attributing to him, which is enough forus to determine what roles he had played.

We cite here two relevant letters sothat every intelligent and well-meaning per-son might judge for themselves the sincerityand the honesty of those Schismatics pur-portedly desiring to return to the CanonicalChurch.

LETTER OF THE ARCHDIOCESE

Mr George AngelopoulosManagerOlympic AirwaysSydney

Dear Mr Angelopoulos

I am writing on behalf of His Eminence tostate that whatever you, either personally orwith other persons from your �schismaticCommunity� (whose numeric and moral�strength� you know better than anyone else),literally forged during the official visit by thePresident of the Hellenic Republic is, in theleast, dishonourable and unacceptable.

It would suffice for you to carefullyperuse the lie-riddled Newspaper articles,secured by known means through pen-push-ers of questionable standards, to see howmany direct quotes they attribute to you.

It is your right to hold whateverambitions you desire and to pursue them bywhichever means your conscience approves.However, the brazen defamation of the over-whelming majority of Greeks in New SouthWales - whom, unfortunately, your �Commu-nity� deceives and provokes continuously - isnot your right. Consequently, do not furtheroccupy the time, not even five minutes, ofHis Eminence Archbishop Stylianos of Aus-tralia, who has exhausted his patience withyou honourably and forthrightly in his relent-less struggle for the truth and the commongood.

In conclusion I declare to you that,should you have the nobility to retract by wayof a public statement in the same Newspa-pers, both here and in Greece, all the false anddefamatory nonsense of your continually and

Cont. page 10/30

By ArchbishopStylianos

of Australia

�DIRECTION� AND �RESPONSIBILITY�

JANUARY 2003 The Greek Australian VEMATO BHMA6/26

What�s newDID YOU KNOW? A fresh egg will sink inwater, a stale one will float. Can't rememberif an egg is fresh or hard boiled? Just spinthe egg. If it wobbles, it's raw. If it spins eas-ily, it's hard boiled.

Channel 7�s Aristos entertains HACCI

By Con Berbatis

Channel 7�s personality chef Aris-tos Papandroulakis was the starentertainer in Perth�s new HellenicClub from 7-8pm, 27 November.The cocktails evening was led byMr Tony Rompotis, the 2002 pres-ident of the Hellenic AustralianChamber of Commerce and Indus-try of Western Australia (HACCIWA). Tony recounted develop-ments at HACCI�s national meetingheld 15-16 November in Brisbaneand the Gold Coast .2001 NUGAS president Marie Botsis and sister Kristinawho won the inaugural Michael G Kailis Leadership awardin February 2002 were joined by new members JohnNovatsis ( Advanced Pest Control), Angie Papadopoulos(sports manager), Christina Vosnakos ( Sealanes wholesaleseafoods) and Paul and Eleni Fitzpatrick applauded Aris-tos� funny reminiscences.HACCI WA usually rests in December and January but theresults of HACCI�s national meeting, HACCI WA�s newwww.hacci.org.au website with e-newsletter capability andthe newly elected 2003 committee mean busy times.

�Oceanus� lunch with Ambassador

On Friday 29 November, HACCI vice president Bill Evan-gel (solicitor, Evangel Taylor) and wife Eleni hosted alunch for Australia�s Ambassador to Greece Mr StuartHume, in �Driftwood Wines, Tom Galopoulos� spectacular�Oceanus� restaurant on Perth�s City Beach. Perth�s newVice-Consul, Mr Petros and Mrs Benekos, Dr PatriciaKailis director of the M G Kailis Group and other guestsdiscussed trade initiatives which made WA the State trad-ing most with Greece .

�The changing face of Greek Americans�

HACCI�s 2001 president Con Berbatis is touring the USA. In Washington DC�s Capital Hilton Hotel, 150 peoplecame to the American Hellenic Institute Foundation�s(AHIF) conference on �The Future of Hellenism in theUnited States� . They heard experts speak on the key issuesfacing Greek Americans. AHIF President Gene Rossidesannounced AHIF�s Hellenic Heritage Lifetime Achieve-ment Award to writer-publisher Christopher G. Janus The keynote address was delivered by famed military andGreek American sociologist, Professor Charles Moskos ofNorthwestern University. The dinner proceedings set thefoundation for the seven targeted conference sessions andconcluding remarks on Saturday. Pointing to both �good news and bad news,� Dr. Moskosdiscussed the demographic challenges that face any immi-grant group and its descendants in struggling to maintaintheir cultural identity. After three waves of Greek immigra-tion to the U.S. (1890-1924, post-WWII to 1965, and 1966-1980), immigration has tapered off significantly to levels ofjust 1,000-1,200 people per year, fertility rates are down,the immigrant population is aging and intermarriage hasbecome the rule rather than the exception. Despite these challenges, Dr. Moskos affirmed Hellenicculture can be preserved as a natural companion to Ameri-can ideals, offering a number of suggestions: �The focusshould be on a vibrant core of affiliated and organizedGreek Americans who draw upon themselves and findthemselves either or both spiritually hungry and commu-nally hungry. And that includes people with a partial Greekancestry as well as those with no Greek ancestry. Bybecoming more Greek in a secular sense, people will findthemselves more in tune with the Greek Orthodox Churchin a sacred sense. And by opening up to the broader com-munity, the Church itself will bring more people into con-tact with Greek ethnicity. Otherwise, I think we�ll end up ina situation where our children are neither Greek nor Ortho-dox.�

Channel 7�s Aristos

Papandroulakis

IT is not unknown for bishops to be poets but two contempo-rary archbishops are acclaimed practitioners. Rowan Williams,Archbishop of Canterbury, is one. The other is StylianosCharkianakis, Primate of the Greek Orthodox Church in Aus-tralia, whose latest English-Greek anthology, Australian Pass-port, follows 27 earlier collections of published poetry.

Born in Crete in 1935, Stylianos is the son of a leader of theresistance to the German invasion in 1941. One day there camethe report that his father had been executed, but not before hehad killed the officer in charge with a shovel.

�My mother heard the tragic news,'' recalls Stylianos. �But wedid not see my father. [The execution] took place outside thevillage and I only remember my mother taking the blade of anaxe and cutting off all her hair.�He would later, as a man, write a poem on his mother's gesture,Slaughtered Hair. �I saw my mother's tears and anguish, and Iremember people coming to our house to express their sympa-thy, and I was ashamed - I was only five years old - that I couldnot cry.�

His father was not oriented spiritually, says Stylianos, but as achild �I heard from his mother that he had wanted to become apriest and was forever making imitation vestments out ofnewspapers.� Not so his son, who even at 13 or 14 �neverthought I would become a priest''.He remembers in elementary school being bored by mathe-matics and physics but ``whenever we had philologicallessons, poetry, prose, stories,I loved the sounds, the melody of the words, the taste. Like thetaste of bonbons in the mouth, so I had bonbons in my ears.''He also remembers that some of the poems `àccompanied mein the long nights when I could not sleep''.

At that time he was afraid of the darkness. But his mother wassleeping in the same room with her youngest child, born 40days after his father was killed, beside her.When Stylianos could not sleep, he would become �very cun-ning, pinching my brother secretly so that my mother was thenawakened [to] pacifyhim and I had some company. And in those nights of lonelinessand darkness I remember those poems in my ears.�

Stylianos began writing poems when he was 14 1/2, the firstabout sunset on the Hellespont in Constantinople (now Istan-bul) where he had gone to study.It was 1978, however, before his poems were first published asa collection. And that was only after another poet had said tohim, �Father Stylianos, you have an armament of words weothers don't have, the Bible, the tradition and the fathers. Youhave all these things in your hands. You are not entitled to keepthem for yourself.�

Words to him, he says, �are not just signs for meanings - theyare my daughters. I treat them as if I were a physical father offemale creatures who are exposed to so many dangers today, tobe abused, to be mutilated, to be somehow betrayed, put in painbecause they are the vulnerable sex. Women ... have alwaysbeen mistreated throughout history. And as the words are mydaughters, I say, �Please be careful with the words.If you don't treat them properly, they will disappear.��

An emphatic man, Stylianos is a passionate talker, command-ing attention. He has a vision of poetry restored to its rightfulplace in the hierarchy of values.He believes that many people, although they aspire to be cul-tured, do not have a deep access to real poetry. They look atpoets pejoratively, he suggests, believing �poets are fanciful,peculiar. But they cannot see that to be drunk by poetry is asacred situation, a privilege, a special grace from above.''

Because poetry is not achievement, he says. If it were, �I wouldwrite every day, the same number of poems.'' Instead, hebelieves poetry �comes from above�, that he is �only the vehi-cle receiving it. As has been said, Ì did not make my poems,they made me.��The poet is the person who is moved by fear and by fondness

of others. �We have suffered the sacred things, not just experienced them.Experience is not enough. Suffering is necessary.

�That is why the words of Victor Hugo, the great French poet,are important: �You cannot see God unless with tears in theeyes.' Withouttears, you can't see God, you can't come close to God. This isnot pessimism or fatalism -- it is sensitivity because tears areinstruments for making the heart and the dead alive again. It isthe watering of creative things.�That is why, by their tears, �the desert fathers made the desertblossom like a lily. And you see, they made out of the desert awhole city.�

For Stylianos, the most important poems are those that speakabout the quality of poetry. �This stupid Archbishop of theGreeks is not just wasting his time writing verses but he isexpressing, in a kind of confession, his experiences in thiswonderful country of ours. Everything in this country inspiresme.�In a strange way, he says, �though I was not born here andthough my language is not English enough and not Australianenough, everything I have experienced here for 28 years now -I have lived nowhere else so long - has become my own body.�So that even though I did not have the privilege of being bornin this country, as a citizen of this country and serving in thiscountry, and having experienced all the varieties of life thiscountry offers, I try to honour my passport, as it were.�

He also believes that a poet is never a true poet unless he is alsoa prophet. �Prophecy is the quintessence of poetry becausepoetry is about what happens beyond the visible, beyond exist-ing, tangible things. And poetry is the endeavour to express bythe least, the most. You concentrate, you deepen, and throughthis moment or stigma, the point is directed to the heart ofthe whole.�

The poetic impulse can often be spontaneous, he says, arriving�while watching a football game or attending an official func-tion. Suddenly an inspiration or some taste comes to me [and]I note them down. But I never write things that I cannot con-trol. As I write, I have the feeling in my whole consciousnessbut I do know what everything means.�

Which helps explain why he is no fan of surrealistic verse. �Iam not writing riddles,� he says. �Life has riddles enough. Idon't want to create enigmas. As a priest, I have to treat every-one as children of the same mother and not just write for intel-lectuals or to have my works interpreted.�I must give them good and effective food, just as I give themholy communion. I must serve the intellectual and the non-intellectual, the illiterate as well as the educated.�

A stimulating interview given by His Eminence Archbishop Stylianos to Rev James Murray ofTHE AUSTRALIAN newspaper (11-1-2003) is reprinted for the benefit of our readers, withkind permission from THE AUSTRALIAN.It combines personal history with a passion for poetry and the priesthood.

His Eminence, Archbishop of Australia, Stylianos


118509

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The slashing in net value offarm production by a mas-sive 80 per cent due to thedrought is of concern forbattling producers, theNational Farmers� Feder-ation (NFF) said recently.The official economic fore-caster yesterday predictedthe average Australianfarm would lose more than$50,000 this financial yearas the drought slashes pro-duction and drives upcosts.The Australian Bureau of Agriculturaland Resource Economics (ABARE), in itslast commodities forecast for the year, saidthe drought would cut net farm produc-tion 80 per cent to just $2.15 billion.Total farm exports are tipped to fall 13 percent to $27.1 billion.NFF president Peter Corish said it wasobvious that ABARE had reassessed itsfigures and found the situation had wors-ened in the past three months.�The most striking figure is the 80 percent in net value of production, and that�scause for concern,� he said.Mr Corish said the sharp drop in profit

and cash incomes was not quite as bad asit looked.�Most farmers had a good year last year,so they�ve come off a high and that�s madethe situation worse,� he said.Two out of every three Australian farmersare now suffering a drought on their prop-erty.ABARE said broadacre farmers shouldexpect their cash incomes to fall 61 percent to $43,000 from $110,600.On a farm basis, it said the average broad-acre farm would move from a profit of$51,800 to a loss of $54,000.

AAP

Facts & StatsDID YOU KNOW? The highest bridge inthe world can be found in theHimalayan mountains. Called the BailyBridge, it is 5,602 m (18,379 ft) abovesea level but only 30 metres (98 ft) long.

The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)released an atlas which illustrates the deathrates experienced in different regions of Aus-tralia, for a range of major causes of death. The maps in the Atlas show that remote areasof Australia experienced higher death ratesthan the more densely populated areas forcancer, diabetes mellitus, and several other

major leading causes.The information in the atlas is based on morethan half a million (512,945) registereddeaths in Australia between 1997 to 2000.

Australian Statistician Dennis Trewin said theremote areas of the Northern Territory record-ed the highest average annual rates of deaths

for malignant neoplasms (cancer), ischaemicheart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases,chronic lower respiratory diseases andinfluenza and pneumonia, while the Kimber-ley in Western Australia had the highest deathrates for accidents, diabetes mellitus andintentional self harm (suicide). �Death rates by gender show males have

higher levels of death in most of the maincauses of death,� he said.�Health services planners, demographers,researchers and social geographers in govern-ment and private organisations will find theatlas a very valuable resource for understand-ing relationships between cause of death andlocation.�

Mortality atlas reveals higher death rates in remote Australia

Workers had less bargaining power and man-agers were in a stronger position than before,a business academic said recently.An Institute of Public Affairs survey of enter-prise bargaining agreements in the construc-tion and food industries found that EBAs inthe sectors were poor.In its capacity to manage index, the right-wingthink-tank singled out EBAs in the construc-tion industry, which it claimed had left busi-nesses with little formal capacity to manage.But Professor Russell Dean, associate dean ofSydney University�s economic and businessfaculty, told ABC radio that the generalisedclaims were wrong.�There are still pockets in those industrieswhere unions and workers still have ... consid-erable bargaining power but to say that thoseentire industries are without management con-trol are quite misleading,� he said.�Workers these days do not have the bargain-ing power they once had except in particularareas where they still have a degree of clout.�Managers in a sense have regained their pre-rogative in many cases, in fact, across the

board these days managers are in a farstronger position than they would have been.But Workplace Relations Minister TonyAbbott, who launched the index last month,backed the findings.�In the end if management have no right tomanage, or no effective capacity to manage,it�s a moot point whether the industries inquestion can survive,� he said.�Behind all the talk of freedom and flexibility,there are still a lot of very restrictive practisesformalised in these agreements.�

AAP

80pc drop in farm product value a concern - NFF

Two out of every three Australian farmers are now sufferinga drought on their property

$2 million a weekto keep detainees happy

Taxpayers are reportedly spending $2 milliona week keeping the 1,326 asylum seekers inAustralian detention centres occupied withyoga classes and entertainment equipment.The Daily Telegraph says the money, from thecommonwealth�s allocation for border protec-tion, is being spent to improve conditions, ser-vices and programs.The paper says documents from the Immigra-

tion Department show how the federal gov-ernment is looking to redouble its efforts tokeep detainees happy amid criticism of deten-tion centres.The money has been spent offering detaineespay television, sporting and gymnasiumequipment, sewing machines, computergames, DVDs and yoga classes.

AAP

Workers have less bargainingpower, says academic

�Workers these daysdo not have the bar-gaining power theyonce had�, states asso-ciate dean of SydneyUniversity�s economicand business faculty,Professor Russell

Drought could end buffalo industry in southern states

The drought could spell the end for the fledg-ling buffalo industry in the nation�s southernstates.Buffalo herds in Victoria are now being sold-off or killed-off as producers, unable toafford feed or a place to agist their animals,leave the industry.The industry is concentrated on the NorthernTerritory, with some producers trying toestablish themselves closer to niche restau-rant and gourmet food markets in Victoriaand NSW.President of the Australian Buffalo IndustryCouncil Milton Stevens said the drought wasjust making the situation worse for those pro-ducers in southern states.He said in one case a Victorian buffalofarmer faced a $50,000 hay bill just to keephis animals alive through the next fewmonths.The farmer decided to sell-off his holdings.Other farmers have trucked their herdsthrough to the Northern Territory to sell theminto the Brunei market.Mr Stevens said buffalo farmers also facedlarge legislative hurdles which made ittougher for them to survive the drought.�You�ve got to be licensed to have buffaloagisted on your property, so most farmersjust don�t do that,� he said.

�It means that if you want to keep your stockand agist them, there�s nowhere to sendthem.�We�ve got more people wanting to get outof buffalo than getting into it.�Mr Stevens said those likely to survive wereproducers who sold direct to restaurants,made their own smallgoods or suppliedgourmet foods such as mozzarella cheese.He said apart from the drought the industrywas suffering from substantial meat substitu-tion and marketing problems.In some cases retailers believed they weregetting quality meat which instead werecheaper and heavier cuts, Mr Stevens said.The Northern Territory remains the focus ofthe buffalo industry, with exports throughSouth-East Asia the mainstay of producers.

AAP


In last month�s Vema I rashlypromised to state and explain theprinciples which the OrthodoxChurch employs to guide would-beinterpreters of the Bible. So, heregoes.

The discipline which seeks to determine cor-rect principles of interpretation of the Bible isknown as biblical hermeneutics. Hermeneutics is to be distinguished from exe-gesis, which is the discipline that is concernedwith the actual practice of interpretation ofScriptural texts. So hermeneutics, as theory ofinterpretation, determines the principles whichshould be followed by exegetes as they roll uptheir sleeves and get down to the actual task ofinterpretation. We will, however, be concernedprincipally with hermeneutics.

Now, no council of the Church has ever laiddown a set of hermeneutic principles to whichexegetes are bound. However, the Church hasa very strong hermeneutic tradition, whichoverall enjoys the highest authority.

Christianity inherited both Jewish and Graeco-Roman hermeneutic principles. In the paganworld, hermeneutics was originally developedin order to discern ways of extracting the hid-den meanings encoded within Homericmythology. The Jews, on the other hand, developedhermeneutic principles in order to discern thespiritual meaning which lay beneath the sur-face of the literal meaning of Old Testamenttexts.

Jewish exegetes could be extremely literalist,particularly with respect to legalistic injunc-tions.

But this literalism was balanced by an insis-tence that biblical texts were open to a myriadof different modes of interpretation in additionto a literalist legalistic reading. Indeed, thisrichness of diverse meaning, for OrthodoxChristians as for Jews, is a major feature of

Scripture as Scripture. One late Jewish workgoes so far as to declare that there are no lessthan 70 such modes of interpretation!Two general Jewish forms of interpretationshould in particular be noted, midrash andpesher. The term midrash can simply refer tobiblical commentary in general, but it is morespecifically used to refer to the application ofbiblical texts to contemporary situations. Infact, whenever preachers seek to show how ascriptural passage has practical relevance tothe personal lives of their congregation, or tocontemporary social ills, they are recontextu-alising the biblical text in the tradition of rab-binical midrash.

Pesher, which is particularly extensively usedin the famous Dead Sea Scrolls, involves thespiritual interpretation of a passage of Scrip-ture as applying to ultimate destiny. Often thisdestiny will be construed as the end of theworld, but it might also be construed as theMessianic age to come. The New Testamentwriters, aware of the existing rich hermeneuticlegacy, proceeded to adopt it as their own.However, they adopted it in the light of therevelation in Christ, since Christ is the fulfil-ment of the Messianic vision of the Old Testa-ment.

Although in its development hermeneutics isby no means the easiest philosophical and the-ological discipline to study, at base Orthodoxhermeneutics is very straightforward. It isessentially an elaboration and systematisationof the hermeneutics of Christ Himself asrecorded in the Gospels, supplemented byinsights to be gleaned from the authors of thebooks of the New Testament.

How the Fathers of the Church developedhermeneutics on the basis of the New Testa-ment itself will become clear as we proceed toexamine five closely interrelated fundamentalprinciples or rules. I will examine these principles in what I hopeis the best expository order; certainly theyshould not be thought of as being hierarchical-ly arranged.

The actual wording of the principles is alsomine but I have been guided by the wordingused by hermeneuticians of the past.

I have simply tried to express, as clearly as Ican, the hermeneutics of the New Testamentitself and that of the consensus of patristiccommentators, which was definitely estab-lished at least by the early fifth century.

Principle 1. The Bible is a wholeand is uniformly inspired.

This principle is in two parts. Firstly, it assertsthat the Old and New Testaments constitute aunity. The same is true, from a Christian per-spective, of the Church; the Church of the OldTestament is simply the pre-incarnationalChristian Church, the Church of the New Tes-tament is the New Israel.

With the coming of the Saviour, the pre-incar-national Church found its fulfilment and theOld Testament became the first part of theChristian Bible. Between the two Testaments, together withwhat are called the Deuterocanonical Books orthe Old Testament Apocrypha, there is a con-tinuity, for all the books of the Bible speak ofthe one revelation of God, the revelation of theHoly Trinity by, through and in Christ.

Secondly, our principle asserts that the Bible isassumed to be uniformly inspired throughout.If we acknowledge that the New Testament isdivinely inspired, and that the Bible constitutesa seamless whole, then obviously it followsthat the Old Testament and the Deuterocanon-ical Books must also be divinely inspired.

But is the entire Bible uniformly saturatedwith the Holy Spirit? Obviously not. WhatChristian reader could possibly think that thefirst chapter of the Gospel of John, for exam-ple, is of no greater spiritual power, andreveals no more of the mystery of our salva-tion, than the historical and legalistic books ofthe Old Testament?

However, one and the same God and one andthe same revelation speak through every bookand every passage of the Bible, from Genesisto the Apocalypse. Consequently, the only sound rule for thehermeneutician to adopt, even if it is in factgrounded in a partial fiction, is that the Biblemust be assumed to be uniformly inspired. If this rule is not adopted, then exegetes wouldbe likely to judge the Bible either by their ownindividual spiritual responsiveness to particu-lar books and passages, or by their personalsuccess, or lack of success, in arriving at satis-fying interpretations.

It is well known that in early Christian timestwo major schools of hermeneutics and exege-sis developed, centred on Alexandria and Anti-och respectively. The Antiochenes placed-much more stress on the literal meaning of

texts and adopted a more rigorous exegeticmethodology than the considerably less con-strained Alexandrians.

Their failure, in terms of their own often overstringent methodology, to interpret certain pas-sages of the Old Testament, and indeed wholebooks, led some Antiochenes to proposeexpelling parts of the Old Testament, includ-ing the whole of Job and the Song of Songs,from the canon of Scripture.

Clearly such de-Scripturising is totally unac-ceptable, and not surprisingly the Churchresoundingly rejected it. If an exegete fails to provide an adequate inter-pretation of a given text then the failure is thatof the exegete, or of their methodology, or ofthe background knowledge available at thetime. In fact, Alexandrine exegetes were oftenable to provide satisfactory interpretations ofpassages the Antiochenes in question wishedto discard.

Orthodox hermeneutics maintains that theentire Bible is open to interpretation in thelight of the revelation in Christ, whether or notexegetes are able to arrive at convincing inter-pretations. Where exegetes of one age mightfail, those of a later might succeed. As St Ephrem the Syrian wisely observed, weshouldn�t be greedy and rush to drink the foun-tain of Holy Scripture dry.

From our first principle, an important sub-principle follows:

Sub-Principle 1/1. Scripture is to be inter-preted by Scripture.

If the Bible is a whole and uniformly inspired,it follows that Scriptural passages can be inter-preted with the aid of other passages of Scrip-ture, irrespective of where the latter are situat-ed in the Bible. So, subject to constraints imposed by otherhermeneutic principles, Old Testament textscan be used to elucidate New Testament texts,and vice versa. Which takes us to:

Principle 2. The entire Bible is tobe interpreted Christocentrically.It is this principle, arguably the key to Ortho-dox hermeneutics, which differentiates tradi-tional Christian hermeneutics and exegesisfrom that of Judaism and both Christian fun-

Windows to OrthodoxyBiblical Interpretation in Five �Easy� Steps: Part 1*

Questions & Answers

The answer to your question is �theChurch.� The central core of the serviceshas remained basically unchanged through-out the centuries. This core preserves the

essential elements of the sacraments and services.

But, there have been long traditions of varied sources,which contributed to the specific makeup of the ser-

vices. They have also developed differently in differentplaces of the Church, so we have liturgical traditionswhich vary one from another, such as the Syrian,Jerusalem, Egyptian and Constantinopolitan traditionsin the East and the African, Galican, Celtic and Romanliturgical traditions in the West.

One of the most significant influences on the formationof the services is the monastic tradition. Monastic spir-ituality has had a determining effect on the structure ofthe whole cycle of worship and a great deal with its con-tent.

Source: �The Orthodox Church: 455 Questions and answers�, by Stanley S. Harakas

***

If you have any questions about the Orthodox faith whichyou would like answered in the VEMA, send them to

VEMA - Q. & A.P.O.Box M59 Marrickville South,

NSW 2204or email them to: [email protected]

Who makes up the special ser-vices such as Holy Week, mar-riage, etc.?

Q

A

By Guy Freeland

JANUARY 2003 Greek Australian VEMA TO BHMA 9/29DID YOU KNOW? It is believed that Christ-mas was chosen on 25th December in attemptto weaken the hold of a Pagan god. For a verylong time Christ�s birth was celebrated onmany different days, and in fact not even theexact year of his birth is known!

FeatureDID YOU KNOW? Tea is said to have been dis-covered in 2737 BC by a Chinese emperorwhen some tea leaves accidentally blew into apot of boiling water. The teabag was intro-duced in 1908 by Thomas Sullivan of NewYork.

Cont. from previous page

damentalism and modernism. The breathtakingly boldclaim is that the whole Bible is inspired by Christ, sinceChrist is the eternal Logos or Word, and also speaks ofChrist, the Messiah foreshadowed by the Old Testa-ment. So, the Bible is both by Christ and about Christ!In other words, Orthodoxy�s understanding of the Bibleis totally Christocentric. (Although it would be equallytrue to say that its understanding is totally Trinitarian,since Orthodoxy always speaks of Christ in relation tothe Father and the Holy Spirit.)

In Orthodoxy, everything is experienced and under-stood by, through and in Christ. The objective of Ortho-dox spirituality is to become one with Christ; and thatmeans to become deified. For Orthodox, the Truth isnot comprised of a set of theological propositions, butis constituted in the very person of the incarnate God-man who said: �I am the Way, the Truth and the Life�(John 14:6). Orthodoxy reads all Scripture, togetherwith the writings of the Fathers and the liturgical textsetc, through the centre of our being, faith and salvation;that is, Christ.

Christ is the centre of all of salvation history, not in thesense that the incarnation occurred at the mid-point oftime, but in the sense that all of time � past, presentand future � is brought together in the person of theeternal Son of God.

In reading the Scriptures Christocentrically, the Churchis doing nothing more nor less than Christ Himself did,as can be verified by numerous passages of theGospels. Thus, what is perhaps the most beautiful of allthe Sunday Resurrection Gospel readings, the story ofthe meeting of Luke and Cleopas with Christ on theroad to Emmaus (Luke 24:12-35), tells us how Christ�beginning with Moses and all the prophets, ... inter-preted to them in all the Scriptures the things concern-ing Himself� (verse 27). And the two travellers say toone another, after Christ had left them, �Did not ourhearts burn within us while He talked to us on the road,while He opened to us the Scriptures?� (verse 32).

Similarly, Christ says to the Jews after the healing ofthe paralytic (John 5:39): �You search the Scriptures,because you think that in them you have eternal life;and it is they that bear witness to me.� And He adds(verse 46), �If you believed Moses, you would believeme, for he wrote of me.�

Today we do not have Jesus to open the meaning of theScriptures concerning Himself in person, as He did forLuke and Cleopas. Since the first Christian Pentecost,it is the Holy Spirit, sent by Christ to guide the Church,who opens the Scriptures for us, and makes Our Lordpresent in our hearts and in the liturgy and mysteries ofthe Church.

The most important task of the Orthodox Old Testa-ment exegete is, as we can see, to reveal how the textdoes indeed foreshadow the incarnation and the full-ness of the revelation in Christ. In this way, the Old andthe New Testament can be shown to constitute a singlebody of divinely inspired Scripture.

But while the Church claims the Old Testament in itsentirety as its own as Christian Scripture, it in no waydenies, as I pointed out in the December issue of Vema,Judaism�s coexisting �Native Title� to the Old Testa-ment. The distinction between Judaism�s and Chris-tianity�s (non conflicting) claims to the Old Testamentis reinforced by the fact that the Orthodox Church hasalways accepted the Greek Septuagint (the translationof the Old Testament made in Egypt for Greek speak-ing Jews and the version usually quoted by the NewTestament writers) as authoritative in preference to theHebrew text.

Next month we will examine Principles 3 and 4.

*Guy Freeland assisted in the teaching of Biblical Hermeneutics at St Andrew�s

Theological College in 2002.

Top Greek High School Graduatesin NSW and VIC

Cont. from page 1

Maria Frangeskou (Georges R. College,Oatley S. Campus) Business Studies 2 unitStavroula Galankis (J J Cahill MemorialHigh School) Modern Greek Beginners 2unitHelena Gamvros (Kambala High School)Ancient History 2 unit, Business Studies 2unit, English Advanced 2 unit, EnglishExtension 1 1 unit, General Mathematics 2unit, History Extension 1 unitRenee Adriadne Gav (St Ursula�s CollegeKingsgrove) Modern Greek Beginners 2unitChrysoula Georgopoulos (St GeorgeGirls High School, Kogarah) EnglishAdvanced 2 unit, English Extension 2 1unit, Visual Arts 2 unitMaria Gialouris (Kambala High School)Business Studies 2 unitKimon Giannopoulos (Newington Col-lege Stanmore) Ancient History 2 unit,Business Studies 2 unit, History Extension1 unitAlexandra Horiatopoulos (InternationalGrammar School), English Extension 2 1unitMaria Maryanne Kalianotis (BankstownGrammar School) General Mathematics 2unit, Visual Arts 2 unitLaura Kepreotis (Green Point ChristianCollege) English Advanced 2 unit, ModernHistory 2 unitIrene Kervanos (Beverly Hills Girls HighSchool) Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitAndrew Kilazoglou (Concord HighSchool) Mathematics 2 unitIrene Alexandra Kintominas (MLC Bur-wood) Ancient History 2 unit, EnglishAdvanced 2 unit, Modern Greek Contin-uers 2 unit, Modern Greek Extension 1 unitNikolas Kontoulas (Davidson HighSchool) Industrial Technology 2 unitRebecca Kougellis (Brigidine College StIves) Economics 2 unit, Studies of Religion1 1 unit, Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitNicholas Koulouris (Newcastle HighSchool) Modern Greek Beginners 2 unitNektaria Kounavis (Oakhill College Cas-tle Hill) General Mathematics 2 unit, Stud-ies of Religion I 1 unitHarry Nathan Labrakis (BankstownGrammar School) General Mathematics 2unitChristopher Lacherdis (Waverly College,Our Lady�s Mount) Mathematics 2 unitPeter Magdapoulos (Marist College,Kogarah) Engineering Studies 2 unit,Mathematics 2 unit, Mathematics Exten-sion 1 2 unitJohn Peter Mallios (Caringbah HighSchool) Business Studies 2 unit, GeneralMathematics 2 unitEleni Ann Manetakis (Abbotsleigh HighSchool) Modern History 2 unitEvan Manolios (Sydney GrammarSchool) Ancient History 2 unit, Biology 2unit, Chemistry 2 unit, Mathematics Exten-sion 1 2 unitAthena Yiota Maroulis (Mosman HighSchool) English Extension 2 1 unit, Tex-tiles and Design 2 unitAndrew Mastoris (Waverly College OurLady�s Mount) Modern Greek Beginners 2unitToby James Medaris (Blaxland HighSchool), Business Studies 2 unitFotios Mihas (Parramatta High School)

General Mathematics 2 unitMaxine Mitsopoulos (St Mary�s SeniorHigh School) Dance 2 unitCassandra Erene Moscos (RiversideGirls High School) Textiles And Design 2 unit Elizabeth Moulas (Kingsgrove HighSchool) Business Studies 2 unit, LegalStudies 2 unit, Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitAlexandra Moulos (Barker College,Hornsby) General Mathematics 2 unitCaitanya Mourtzakis (Lindisfarne Angli-can School) Music 1 2 unitAndrew Michael Nicholas (CaringbahHigh School) Business Studies 2 unit, Eng-lish advanced 2 unit, Mathematics 2 unit,Software and Development 2 unitNicolas Nicolaidis (St Paul�s High School,Booragul) Mathematics Extension 1 2 unitKatrina Nicolis (Kingsgrove HighSchool) Business Studies 2 unit, ModernGreek Continuers 2 unitKatherine Pandelis (Blakehurst HighSchool) General Mathematics 2 unitAngela Panigiris (St Spyridon College, S.Sc., Maroubra) Business Studies 2 unit,History Extension 1 unitAndrew Jack Pantelas (Holy Cross Col-lege, Ryde) Mathematics Extension 1 2unitAndreana Papadopoulas (RiversideGirls High School) Modern Greek Begin-ners 2 unitNicholas James Papafotiou (All SaintsGreek Orth. Grammar School) ModernGreek Continuers 2 unitMichael Papandrea (Bossley Park HighSchool) Industrial Technology 2unitEmanuel Isidor Papapetros (CranbrookSchool) Mathematics 2 unit, MathematicsExtension 1 2 unit, Physics 2 unitChristos Papaspirou (St Euphemia Col-lege) Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitChristina Rebecca Patra (Sydney�s GirlsHigh School) History Extension 1 unitFaye Patronis (The Austr. Inst. Of MusicSec.College) Music 1 2 unitEmma Petroulas (Sydney Girls HighSchool) Ancient History 2 unit, Mathemat-ics 2 unitGeorgia Pierou (St Euphemia College)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit, ModernGreek Extension 1 unitYiannis Pipertzis (Caringbah HighSchool) Mathematics 2 unitTania Pistolis (Sefton High School) Gen-eral Mathematics 2 unitConnie Poulos (George R. College, Oat-ley S. Campus) Business Studies 2 unit,Mathematics 2 unit, Accounting 2 unitVasileios Primikiris (Kingsgrove HighSchool) Mathematics 2 unit, Modern GreekContinuers 2 unit, Modern Greek Exten-sion 1 unitSteve Proimos (Blakehurst High School)Mathematics 2 unitManos Roumanis (Arthur Phillip HighSchool, Parramatta) Modern Greek Contin-uers 2 unitMelanie Sallis (Beverly Hills Girls HighSchool) Food Technology 2 unitFani Fiona Sarris (Kingsgrove NorthHigh School) Modern Greek Continuers 2unit, Modern Greek Extension 1 unitSasha Savvides (Kambala High School)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitAnna Sioukas (Kingsgrove High School)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit

Maria Souris (Macarthur Girls HighSchool) Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit,Modern Greek Extension 1 unitVicky Spichopoulos (St Clare�s College)English Extension 1 1 unitLianna Genevieve Stamparidis (StSpyridon College Senior School) BusinessStudies 2 unit, John Stavliotis (Christian Brothers H.School, Lewisham) Economics 2 unit,Inform. Processes and Technology 2 unit,Mathematics Extension 1 2 unit, Mathe-matics Extension 2 2unitAndy Stavroulakis (St Spyridon CollegeS. School, Marouba) Mathematics 2 unitLauren Stefanou (MLC Burwood)Indonesian Continuers 2 unitIlias Tagaroulias (Cardiff High School)Mathematics 2 unitChristala Theocharous (Randwick GirlsHigh School) Dance 2 unitDaisy Theodoropoulos (MLC Burwood)Ancient History 2 unit, Economics 2 unitEnglish Advanced 2 unit, MathematicsExtension 1 2 unitMaria Theoharis (Liverpool Girls HighSchool) Modern Greek Extension 1 unitDespina Trian (Port Hacking HighSchool) Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit,Modern Greek Extension 1 unitEmma Tseris (St George Girls HighSchool, Kogarah) Latin Continuers 2 unit,Latin Extension 1 unitIrini Tsiouharas (Riverside Girl�s HighSchool) Legal Studies 2 unitIrene Tsolakas (St Ursula�s CollegeKingsgrove) Business Studies 2 unitLouisa Elena Videlis (Bethlehem College)English Extension 1 1 unit, English Exten-sion 2 1 unitAndrew Visperas (Marist College Page-wood) Mathematics 2 unitPanayiota Vlachogianis (St George GirlsHigh School, Kogarah) Modern GreekContinuers 2 unit, Modern Greek Exten-sion 1 unitJessica Voutos (St Spyridon CollegeSenior School, Marouba) Modern GreekContinuers 2 unitAlexander Xenakis (Caringbah HighSchool) Business Studies 2 unit, Engineer-ing Studies 2 unit, Mathematics 2 unit,Mathematics Extension 1 2 unitAnastasia Xenos (Casimir Catholic Col-lege) Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitMaria Yiasemides (Danebank AnglicanSchool for Girls) Biology 2 unit, EnglishAdvanced 2 unit, Legal Studies 2 unit,Mathematics 2 unit, Mathematics Exten-sion 1 2 unit, Modern History 2 unitKonstantina Yiomelakis (KingsgroveNorth High School) Modern Greek Contin-uers 2 unit, Modern Greek Extension 2 unitMichelle Zabetakis (Danebrook AnAnglican School for Girls) Modern GreekExtension 1 unitAnthony Zafirakos (Sydney Boys HighSchool) Mathematics Extension 1 2 unit,Mathematics Extension 2 unitClaire Zouroudis (Kambala High School)Business Studies 2 unit, Geography 2 unit,Information Process and Technology 2 unitSamuel Constantine Zouroudis (SouthSydney High School, Maroubra) AncientHistory 2 unit, Economics 2 unit, EnglishAdvanced 2 unit, Mathematics Extension 12 unit, Mathematics Extension 2 2 unitSource: Sydney Morning Herald, 21 December 2002

Cont. page 16/36


FeatureDID YOU KNOW? Aspirin had becameknown as a preventative medicine in thefight against heart attacks, strokes and,lately, cancer. It also went into space in thefirst-aid kit of the Apollo 11's lunar module.

By Denise Galathris

On 26 November 2002, the Archdio-cese of Australia awarded ProfessorMichael Anthony the Gold Cross ofthe Greek Orthodox Archdiocese ofAustralia, in a ceremony that alsocelebrated the name day of Archbish-op Stylianos. In this annual event,which was held at the Palais in Leich-hardt (NSW), the Archdiocese recog-nises its Greek Orthodox members inboth their ecclesiastical and profes-sional achievements.

In 1949 Professor Anthony, who has origins inConstantinople, travelled to Australia with hisfamily to avoid conscription in the Civil Warof Greece. Professor Anthony, who was only17 years old at the time, claimed that when hearrived in Australia he had two choices.

�Those days you chose between law and med-icine�, he claimed in a recent interview.

He chose medicine, which he studied at theUniversity of Sydney from 1951 to 1956.During this period Professor Anthony studiedClassical Greek, because Modern Greek stud-ies was not offered as an elective. He was ableto maintain his knowledge of the ModernGreek language despite not studying it afterarriving to Australia.

�One could never forget his mother tongue�, hestated.

In a career in medicine that spans from 1978 to1996, Professor Anthony rose to the status ofProfessor of Neurology at the University ofNew South Wales whilst accumulating a myr-iad of scientific achievements. Milestones inhis career include his research into migrainewith Dr James Lance, the first Professor ofNeurology in Australia, from 1963 to 1996.Professor Anthony conducted laboratorywork, which ultimately contributed to the dis-covery that the reduction of serotonin is amajor cause of migraine. Serotonin is a sub-stance in the brain that acts as a �neurotrans-mitter�, that is a chemical involved in thetransmission of nerve impulses between nervecells. Consequently the research was used bythe pharmaceutical company, Glaxo, to pro-duce the drug Imigram, which acts as sero-tonin.

In the 1970�s Professor Anthony, together withDr Brian Sommerville, discovered that estro-gen in the female contraceptive pill leads to thedeterioration of migraines in some women.For his scientific distinctions Professor Antho-ny was awarded an OBE (Order of the BritishEmpire) in 1976 and the Harold Wolff Prize ofthe American Headache Society in 1969.

Professor Anthony has also been tireless in hisinvolvement with the Greek OrthodoxChurch. He has served as President of theChristian Enosis in Sydney for 47 years and aslay preacher of the Archdiocese since 1971. In1972 the Patriarch named him Preacher of theGospel. He is currently serving on the Boardof St Andrew�s Theological College and theGreek Orthodox Central Board of Education.He has also been a member of the Board of theProviCare Foundation, as well as the Board ofSt Basil for 27 years until his retirement lastyear.

Apart from medicine and religion, ProfessorAnthony is interested in European and espe-cially English history. He is also a prolificreader of syntax and morphology. He is par-ticularly concerned with the correct use ofwords in both the Greek and English lan-guages, stating that it does �not sit very well�when you listen to people �misuse� and �mis-spell words�.

According to Professor Anthony there hasbeen no antithesis between religion and med-ical science in his life. Rather it has been asymbiotic relationship. He describes religiousfaith as something �beyond rational, logicalapproach� and �beyond reason� that has notimpeded on his work in neurology. Religionhas demonstrated to him that we must �trustand believe in people in our daily lives�.

Professor Anthony is currently Emeritus Pro-fessor of Neurology at the University of NewSouth Wales and the Prince of Wales Hospitalin Randwick.

Neurologist Receives Gold Cross

Professor Micheal Anthony, receiving the Gold Cross of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, from His Eminence, Archbishop Stylianos

SYDNEY�S GIFT TO ATHENS 2004 OLYMPIC GAMES

A major exhibition of Australian indigenousculture will visit Athens during the 2004Olympic Games, the Premier and Ministerfor the Arts, Bob Carr, has announced today.The exhibition - 60,000 years in the making:Indigenous Australia now - includes rareworks from Sydney�s Powerhouse Museumand Museum Victoria in Melbourne.

�This collaboration between two of Aus-tralia�s leading museums provides a superbopportunity to show to the world the won-derfully rich history of Aboriginal and TorresStrait Islander cultures,� Mr Carr said.�In 2000, the Greek Government sent to the

Powerhouse Museum one of the most signif-icant exhibitions ever to visit Australia -1,000 years of the Olympic Games - trea-sures of ancient Greece.�I am delighted to be able to send in return anexhibition of works by the world�s oldest cul-ture, the indigenous peoples of Australia.�Museum Victoria�s 19th and early 20th cen-tury collection will complement the morecontemporary works from the Powerhousesuch as film, fashion, dance, music anddesign.�Both Sydney and Melbourne share the hon-our of being Olympic cities and boast largenumbers of Australians of Greek back-

ground,� Mr Carr said.Last month Mr Carr announced the appoint-ment of Powerhouse trustee Nicholas Pap-pas, to the role of president of the Power-house Museum Trust. The Powerhouse Museum and the SydneyObservatory form the Museum of AppliedArts and Sciences, which is governed by anine-member board of community represen-tatives, appointed by the Premier and Minis-ter for the Arts.

Dr Pappas was instrumental in bringing theGreek antiquities exhibition to the Power-house in 2000.

Cypriots show solidarity on reunification plan Pacifists from both sides of divided Cyprussaid they planned to build a "message in a bot-tle" mountain outside the home of the TurkishCypriot leader to press their demand for reuni-fication of the island.

Turkish Cypriot leader Rauf Denktash, 78, hascome under increasing pressure to resign afterhe failed to sign a preliminary agreementbased on the reunification plan drawn up byUN Secretary-General Kofi Annan.Greek Cypriot peace groups launched a cam-paign to support their Turkish Cypriot fellowsin the capital's main square by collecting sig-natures for a petition and written messages forthe bottles.

"This is in support of the initiative in the northwhere people are being asked to write a sen-tence for peace, put it in a plastic bottle andgive it to the organisers," said organiser NicosAnastasiou."They will then collect them and create a'Mountain of Peace' ... all the bottles will becarried by lorries outside Mr Denktash's houseand piled higher than the house," he said,adding that the bottles could be recycled later.Both Turkish Cypriot and Greek Cypriot lead-ers were invited to sign the preliminary agree-ment based on the UN plan during the Euro-

pean Union summit in Copenhagen in Decem-ber when Cyprus was given the green light tojoin the EU.The EU would prefer a united island to enterin 2004 but will accept the Greek Cypriotswithout a solution, which would leave the

dwindling Turkish Cypriot population side-lined.

Cyprus has been divided since 1974 whenTurkey sent in troops in response to anAthens-backed Greek Cypriot coup.Isolated after 30 years of non-recognition ofDenktash's breakaway state, impoverishedTurkish Cypriots feel they will be left behindas Cyprus enjoys the fruits of EU membership.Since Copenhagen, opposition to Denktashhas been growing.

On December 26, some 30,000 protesters tookto the streets demanding Denktash resign andthe Annan plan be signed. It was the largestdemonstration ever held in the north of theisland, whose population totals only 200,000.Another demonstration took place last week.Maria Hadjipavlou, a representative of the bi-communal women's group Hands Across theDivide collecting signatures today, said: "We,as women, are saying that we want a solutionnow on the principles of equality and reconcil-iation and progress for all. We believe theAnnan plan gives us a big opportunity to builda Cyprus where division and partition will beeliminated."

Reuters

Since Copenhagen, opposition to Rauf Denk-tash (pictured) has been growing


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Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia

St. EuphemiaGreek Orthodox College

HSC RESULTS 2002

During 2002, the fifth group of students from St. Euphemia College sat for the NSW HSC. The group contained only 47 students and it is with great pride that we announce some of their exceptionalachievements: Christos Papaspirou, Georgia Pierou, Anthony Valasiadis, Katrina Kotsidis and Maria

Hadjikyriacou received UAI�s above 80

While the above students have received particular mention, we aknowledge the efforts and achievementsof all our students in the HSC and wish them the best for the future.

More than 85% of our students will gain a university placement.Congratulations to All Saints and St. Spyridon Colleges for their ongoing outstanding performances in the HSC.

Students of St. Euphemia College have continued to achieve outstanding results, affirming the motto of our College:

�STRIVE FOR EXCELLENCE�For information call: (02) 9796 8240

Modern GreekKostas Papamichalakis

Christos PapaspirouGeorgia Pierou

Harry Pikis

Mathematics 2U

Christos PapaspirouMatenia Rossides

Anthony Valasiadis

Many students attained excellent results above 90%

in various subjects:

Business Studies 2UAnthony Valasiadis

Christos Papaspirou(UAI 91.45)

also 90% in Modern Greek

Anthony Valasiadis Katrina Kotsidis Maria Hadjikyriacou Harry Pikis(also 90% in Modern Greek)

Georgia Pierou(UAI 90)

also 96% in Modern Greek

Kostas PapamichalakisModern Greek

90%

116914


ÉÅÑÁ ÁÑ×ÉÅÐÉÓÊÏÐÇ ÁÕÓÔÑÁËÉÁÓ

ÅËËÇÍÏÑÈÏÄÏÎÏ ÊÏËËÅÃÉÏÁÃÉÁÓ ÅÕÖÇÌÉÁÓÁÐÏÔÅËÅÓÌÁÔÁ HSC 2002

ÊáôÜ ôç ó÷ïëéêÞ ÷ñïíéÜ 2002, ç ðÝìðôç ïìÜäá ìáèçôþí áðü ôï ÊïëëÝãéï ôçò Áãßáò Åõöçìßáò, ÝäùóååîåôÜóåéò ãéá ôï NSW HSC. Óôçí ïìÜäá Þôáí ìüíï 47 ìáèçôÝò êáé ìå ìåãÜëç õðåñçöÜíåéá

áíáêïéíþíïõìå ìåñéêÝò áðü ôéò åîáéñåôéêÝò åðéäüóåéò ôïõò: ×ñÞóôïò Ðáðáóðýñïõ, Ãåùñãßá ÐéÝñïõ,Áíôþíçò ÂáëáóéÜäçò, Êáôñßíá Êïôóßäç êáé Ìáñßá ×áôæçêõñéÜêïõ ðÝôõ÷áí UAI�s ðÜíù áðü 80.

Áí êáé ãßíåôáé åéäéêÞ ìíåßá óôïõò ðáñáðÜíù ìáèçôÝò, åêôéìïýìå ôéò ðñïóðÜèåéåò üëùí ôùí Üëëùí ìáèçôþí ìáò óôï HSC êáé ôïõò åõ÷üìáóôå ôï êáëýôåñï óôï ìÝëëïí.

ÐåñéìÝíïõìå üôé ðåñéóóüôåñïé áðü ôï 85% ôùí ìáèçôþí ìáò èá ìðïýí óôï ÐáíåðéóôÞìéï. Óõã÷áñçôÞñéá åêöñÜæïõìå ðñïò ôá ÊïëëÝãéá Áãßùí ÐÜíôùí êáé Áãßïõ Óðõñßäùíïò ãéá ôéò óõíå÷åßò åîáéñåôéêÝò åðéäüóåéò ôïõò óôï HSC.

Ïé ìáèçôÝò ôïõ Êïëëåãßïõ ôçò Áãßáò Åõöçìßáò óõíå÷ßæïõí íá ðåôõ÷áßíïõí åîáéñåôéêÜ áðïôåëÝóìáôá, åðéâåâáéþíïíôáò ôçí áñ÷Þ ôïõ Êïëëåãßïõ ìáò:

�ÔÅËÅÉÏÉ ÃÉÃÍÅÓÈÅ�Ãéá ðëçñïöïñßåò ôçëåöùíåßóôå: (02) 9796 8240

Modern GreekÊþóôáò Ðáðáìé÷áëÜêçò

×ñÞóôïò ÐáðáóðýñïõÃåùñãßá ÐéÝñïõ

×Üñõ Ðßêçò

Mathematics 2U

×ñÞóôïò ÐáðáóðýñïõÌáôÝíéá Ñùóóßäç

Áíôþíçò ÂáëáóéÜäçò

Ðïëëïß ìáèçôÝò ðÝôõ÷áí åîáéñåôéêÜáðïôåëÝóìáôá, ðÜíù áðü 90%

óå äéÜöïñá ìáèÞìáôá

Business Studies 2UÁíôþíçò ÂáëáóéÜäçò

×ñÞóôïò Ðáðáóðýñïõ(UAI 91.45)

åðßóçò 90% óôá ÍÝá ÅëëçíéêÜ

Áíôþíçò ÂáëáóéÜäçò Êáôñßíá Êïôóßäç Ìáñßá ×áôæçêõñéÜêïõ ×Üñõ Ðßêçò(åðßóçò 90% óôá ÍÝá ÅëëçíéêÜ)

Ãåùñãßá ÐéÝñïõ(UAI 90)

åðßóçò 96% óôá ÍÝá ÅëëçíéêÜ

Êþóôáò Ðáðáìé÷áëÜêçòÍÝá ÅëëçíéêÜ

90%

116915


Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of AustraliaGreek Orthodox Parish & Community of St George Thebarton & Western Suburbs Inc.

ST GEORGE COLLEGE"Forever Excelling"

YEAR 12 - RESULTS OF THE CLASS OF 2002"High expectations being fulfilled"

Congratulations to all students & teachers for results achieved in 2002

For the 2003 school Year there is still a small number of vacancies acrossall year levels from Pre-entry to Year 12.

For further information please contact our College on (08) 8159 8100

Ãéá ôç ó÷ïëéêÞ ÷ñïíéÜ ôïõ 2003 õðÜñ÷åé ïñéóìÝíïò áñéèìüò êåíþí èÝóåùíóå üëåò ôéò ôÜîåéò, áðü íçðéáãùãåßï ùò ôç 12ç ôÜîç.

Ãéá ðåñéóóüôåñåò ðëçñïöïñßåò åðéêïéíùíÞóôå ìå ôï ÊïëëÝãéü ìáò óôïôçëÝöùíï (08) 8159 8100

Julie Haddad � Dux of the School

❒ Tertiary Entrance Ranking (TER) Score of 96.40.

❒ Arabic (continuers) 20Business Studies 17Desktop Publishing 17Electronic Publishing 16English Communications 18French (continuers) 18

Eleftheria Zambounis

❒ Perfect score of 20 in:

Modern Greek (continuers) 20

Recipient of the "Australian Hellenic Educational Progressive Association" (AHEPA) Prize for Modern Greek.

An overview of Year 12 results for 2002:❒ All Year 12 students successfully met the requirements of the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE).❒ All students studying Modern Greek received grades of A or B with 7 out of the 10 students receiving 19 and one receiving 20.❒ There were only two perfect scores of 20 awarded in Modern Greek in 2002 of which one and the top South Australian student was from St George College.❒ 60% of all grades achieved by our students were A or B.❒ The total number of A or B grades achieved collectively by our Year 12 students was higher than the State average.

We congratulate all of our Year 12 students for their achievements and pray that their future is blessed, productive and focused on doing the will of God.

Julie's achievements and the quality of teaching and learning that occurs at St GeorgeCollege become more impressive if one considers the fact that Julie arrived in Australia

from Lebanon only months prior to commencing her Year 12 studies in 2002.

Graduation Ceremony 2002The 2002 Graduation Ceremony forour Year 8 to Year 12 students washeld on Monday, 9th December2002 at our Performing Arts andSports Centre. The GraduationCeremony was attended by HisGrace Bishop Nikandros ofDoryleon, the Consul General ofGreece Mr Emmanuel Papadoyior-gakis, the Chairman of the Board ofGovernors Mr Basil Taliangis AMC, Univ Flin and members of theBoard of Governors, the Presidentof our Parish and Community MrEvan Christou OAM, the Consulfor Education Mrs Maria Athana-siadis and many other invited guestsas well as parents, staff and studentsof our College.

Our Guest Speaker for the 2002Graduation Ceremony was MissSevasti Dimanopoulos, the Dux ofthe College for 2001 who spoke tostudents about some of the chal-lenges that may be faced by them as

they embark on further studies,training or employment.

The 2002 Graduation Ceremonywas organised to acknowledge andto celebrate the "academic", "sport-ing" and "service to others"achievements of our students witha particular focus and emphasis onfarewelling our Year 12 studentswishing them a productive citizen-ship that is always conducted onthe principles and values of ourOrthodox faith.

The 2002 Graduation Ceremonywas also organised to showcasesome of the activities that weundertake at our College andequally important to thank the evergrowing number of parents whoare convinced that the future oftheir children can best be securedthrough the quality teaching andlearning offered at St GeorgeCollege.

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SMOKING: THE CHOICE IS YOURS

So, the New Year has arrived and you havemade that New Year�s resolution to STOPsmoking! Well! It�s not too late...it�s noteasy...but it can be done. So reconsider...youneed to be motivated. Now, it�s time! Time toQuit Smoking!!!

It�s your choice whether to keep smoking ornot. Deciding what to do involves weighing upboth sides of the matter. You need to considerthe good and the not-so-good aspects of smok-ing to make an informed decision.

The good thingsabout smoking

We all know that you smoke because you findit enjoyable and you find it relaxing. It goeswell with a drink. It peps you up! It helps youkeep your weight down! It calms your nerveswhen you�re under pressure or have deadlinesto meet. Smoking keeps you awake when youfeel sleepy. Smoking stops the boredom. Itsimply gives you something to do to pass thetime, for example, while you wait for a train orbus. You know smoking helps you think!When you�re trying to figure out a problem orcomplete a job, a cigarette can help you getover this hurdle. Smoking boosts your confi-dence. It gives you something to do with yourhands when you might feel a bit socially awk-ward!

The not-so-good thingsabout smoking

You know the not-so-good things about smok-ing. You know that regular smokers arehooked on their habit! Nicotine is the drug intobacco that causes the addiction. If yousmoke in the first half hour of waking up, youraddiction to nicotine may be strong.

Smokers often have cravings for a cigarettewhich increases during stress. Not only do yousmoke for pleasure, but you smoke to relievethe cravings; that is you smoke to relieve theunpleasant withdrawal symptoms. Smokingcan easily become quite a habit , particularly ifit is strongly linked with daily activities such

as drinking coffee or alco-hol or using the telephone.

You know smokingreduces your fitness. Youcan feel breathless whenclimbing stairs or walking.This can occur because thecarbon monoxide gas incigarette smoke reducesthe oxygen level in thebody and causes you to tiremore easily whenever youexert yourself.

If you have a heart condition and you smoke,you are more likely to have chest pain (angina)because of the lower oxygen level. Yourbreathing may also be affected by the damageto your lungs from the tar in cigarette smoke.

You know smoking ages your skin. Smokersdevelop deep and shallow lines on the cheeksand lower jaw and the face develops gauntnessand a yellow colour.

You know smoking smells unpleasant. It canalso reduce your sense of taste and ability toenjoy food. Smoking can affect other people,often your relatives and friends are not happyabout your smoking. Children, asthmatics andallergy sufferers can be badly affected bysmall amounts of smoke.

You know smoking harms your health. It caus-es coronary artery disease, strokes and circula-tory problems, and can increase your risk ofcancer, particularly lung cancer. Did you knowthat smoking can also cause cancer of thethroat, mouth, stomach, pancreas and kidney?On the positive side, your risk of developinglung cancer decreases greatly when you stopsmoking!

Smoking can reduce fertility in both men andwomen. Smoking when pregnant is a greatconcern. It can cause miscarriage and the babyis likely to be born premature or be under-weight.

Weigh upthe pros and cons

So, now you know there are good and not-so-good things about smoking. It�s time for you toweigh up in your own mind your feelings

about smoking. A goodstart is to write down the�advantages� and �disad-vantages� about smoking,and in the process listeverything you like aboutsmoking and then every-thing you dislike aboutsmoking. Spend time con-sidering which side is moreimportant to you in thelong term.

Time to quit

After weighing up the pros and cons, you maycome to the decision to �quit�, but you mayhave concerns about quitting.

I know you are concerned that you have triedto quit before and failed.Well, most people have to attempt to quit sev-eral times before they reach their non-smokinggoal. Treat each setback as a learning experi-ence. Show your friends that you can do it!

I know that you�re concerned that you�re moti-vated , but when you are with your friends, andthey smoke, they will make you feel like a cig-arette as well. Be ready for your friends reac-tions.Some will try to undermine your effortsbecause they have their own guilt about smok-ing and this helps them feel better! Others willmake fun of your efforts for similar reasons.Sometimes you may need to avoid these peo-ple for the first few weeks, but alternativelyyou can challenge them to join you. It�s goodto stop smoking with a friend! Some peoplewill be very supportive and most will respectyou in the long run when you achieve yourgoal.

So, you don�t really have the willpower. Ofcourse you do! Willpower is the will to changeand a measure of the strength of your desireand confidence to stop smoking!

When you start to quit, you will get irritableand feel sick as the withdrawal symptomsbegin in your body as the nicotine starts to dis-appear. But, all the nicotine will have left yourbody within three to four days and it takes tento twelve days for your body to adjust.

Using nicotine replacements, (such as tablets,patches or gum) increasing your exercise, eat-

ing fresh fruit and vegetables and drinkingplenty of water, can help during this difficulttime. Your body will adjust and this period ofreadjustment is brief.

Think of the advantages of stopping smoking.You will feel like a new person, free of addic-tion. You will smell and feel better! The worryof smoking will be off your shoulders.

BECOME A NON-SMOKER

Now that you have considered the good andbad things about smoking and understand theadvantages of being a non-smoker, youroptions really are clear. There is no argument!It�s time to stop smoking. Your doctor can helpyou do it. Talk to your doctor today! To getstarted, you need a plan. Your doctor will dis-cuss your nicotine dependence and discussyour smoking pattern and habit. Think aboutyour smoking. When, where and why yousmoke. Are you an �automatic smoker�? Doyou light cigarettes without thinking about it?If this occurs, you have a well-practised habit!But don�t worry, with hard work you too cangive up smoking. Keep a diary, writing downevery cigarette you smoke over a 24 hour peri-od. This is a good way to begin breaking yourold habit!

In your diary record:1. The time each cigarette is smoked2. Your mood at the time3. The situation you are in4. A possible substitute for each cigarette, forexample, a piece of fruit, a walk, a glass ofwater.If you are on the telephone and need to dosomething with your hands, doodle on a padwith a pencil. Think about what you can doinstead of smoking!

It is not easy to give up smoking. It requireshard work. Set your �Quit Date�. Preparebefore you quit. Make small changes in yoursmoking habit! Reduce the number of ciga-rettes you smoke each day. Smoke only half ofeach cigarette. Start your first cigarette later inthe morning. Each time you feel like a ciga-rette, delay having it.

Start making small changes to your smokingpattern today.The decision is yours to talk to your doctortoday. Most doctors are keen to help theirpatients stop smoking.

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Gov't scientists battle to unlock secrets of deadly pathogen

Giant beakers filled with blood clutter coun-tertops and extra refrigerators cramp the hall-ways at the US government's main researchcentre for West Nile virus.Scientists at the Centres for Disease Controland Prevention have had to sharply shift thefocus of their work toward the sometimes fataldisease that is spreading across most of thecountry.The individual labs within the white buildingare packed with beakers of blood and otheranimal specimens that may carry the virus.Former offices have been relocated to tempo-rary structures outside to make room for extralab space. Lab officials say their workloadincreased dramatically since West Nile virusfirst appeared in a few dozen US cases in

1999. Already this year, more than 3,500human cases of the mosquito-borne illnesshave been confirmed. And recently CDCnoted that the United States had suffered thisyear the biggest reported outbreak of WestNile encephalitis in the world.West Nile previously received the same atten-tion as countless diseases affecting the globalcommunity. Now, as the CDC's primary WestNile virus research facility, up to 90 per cent ofthe lab's time and resources are devoted to thisdisease. About 150 people work at the lab.The emphasis on West Nile comes while thelab also tries to address its responsibility forresearch on plague and tularemia, both highlyinfectious agents with potential for use inbioterrorism. AAP

JANUARY 2003Greek Australian VEMATO BHMA16/36DID YOU KNOW? It is believed that Christ-mas was chosen on 25th December in attemptto weaken the hold of a Pagan god. For a verylong time Christ�s birth was celebrated onmany different days, and in fact not even theexact year of his birth is known!

FeatureDID YOU KNOW? The US Department ofDefence (DoD) first published a list of nuclearweapon accidents in 1968 which detailed 13serious nuclear weapon accidents between1950-1968. An updated list released in 1980 cat-alogued 32 accidents.

Top Greek High School Graduates in NSW and VICCont. from page ...

Ilias Tagaroulias (Cardiff High School) Mathe-matics 2 unitChristala Theocharous (Randwick Girls HighSchool) Dance 2 unitDaisy Theodoropoulos (MLC Burwood)Ancient History 2 unit, Economics 2 unitEnglish Advanced 2 unit, Mathematics Exten-sion 1 2 unitMaria Theoharis (Liverpool Girls HighSchool), Modern Greek Extension 1 unitDespina Trian (Port Hacking High School)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit, Modern GreekExtension 1 unitEmma Tseris (St George Girls High School,Kogarah) Latin Continuers 2 unit, Latin Exten-sion 1 unitIrini Tsiouharas (Riverside Girl�s High School)Legal Studies 2 unitIrene Tsolakas (St Ursula�s College Kings-grove) Business Studies 2 unitLouisa Elena Videlis (Bethlehem College) Eng-lish Extension 1 1 unit, English Extension 2 1unitAndrew Visperas (Marist College Pagewood)Mathematics 2 unitPanayiota Vlachogianis (St George Girls HighSchool, Kogarah) Modern Greek Continuers 2unit, Modern Greek Extension 1 unitJessica Voutos (St Spyridon College S. School,Marouba) Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitAlexander Xenakis (Caringbah High School)Business Studies 2 unit, Engineering Studies 2unit, Mathematics 2 unit, Mathematics Extension1 2 unitAnastasia Xenos (Casimir Catholic College)Modern Greek Continuers 2 unitMaria Yiasemides (Danebank Anglican Schoolfor Girls) Biology 2 unit, English Advanced 2unit, Legal Studies 2 unit, Mathematics 2 unit,Mathematics Extension 1 2 unit, Modern Histo-ry 2 unitKonstantina Yiomelakis (Kingsgrove NorthHigh School) Modern Greek Continuers 2 unit,Modern Greek Extension 2 unitMichelle Zabetakis (Danebrook An AnglicanSchool for Girls) Modern Greek Extension 1 unitAnthony Zafirakos (Sydney Boys HighSchool) Mathematics Extension 1 2 unit, Mathe-matics Extension 2 unitClaire Zouroudis (Kambala High School)Business Studies 2 unit, Geography 2 unit, Infor-mation Process and Technology 2 unitSamuel Constantine Zouroudis (South Syd-ney High School, Maroubra) Ancient History 2unit, Economics 2 unit, English Advanced 2 unit,Mathematics Extension 1 2 unit, MathematicsExtension 2 2 unit

Source: Sydney Morning Herald, 21-12-2002

VIC Honour Roll

The students in the following list scored a perfectscore in the subjects listed below:David Petrou (St Kevin�s College, Toorak)Accounting (50), Anna Xydeas (St AnargiriCollege) Business Administration (50), LauraNicolopoulos (Catholic Ladies College, Eltham)Business Studies (50), Andrew Ioannou (Uni-versity of Parkville) English ESL (50), NatalieFanariotis (Genazzano FCJ, Kew) Food andTechnology (50), Cate Bali (Canterbury GirlsSC, Canterbury) Information Technology (50),Elizabeth Papadopoulos (St John�s College)Modern Greek (50), Catherine Georgiakopou-los (Penleigh & Essendon GS East), Legal Stud-ies (50)The following students scored an excellent Vic-torian Certificate of Education (VCE) mark:Aristeidis Venizelakos (Melbourne Boys Grammar) 98.55%Anna Xydeas (St Anargiri College) 98.45% George Ioannou (St John�s College) 97.25%Sandy Vamvoulides(Alphington Grammar) 95%Maria Glykokalamis(Alphington Grammar) 95%

Source: Neos Kosmos, 10 January 2003

The Top Students of GreekOrthodox Bilingual Colleges

in Australia:

❒❒ St Spyridon College, Kingsford, NSW The following students achieved a band 6 result,that is, they scored over 90% in the subject listedbelow:George Goussis General Mathematics, AngelaPanagiris Business Studies, History Extension,Fiona Passaris History Extension, ModernGreek , Lianna Stamparidis Business Studies,Andy Stavroulakis Mathematics 2 unit, JessicaVoutos Modern Greek ❒❒ St Euphemia, Bankstown, NSWThese students achieved a band 6 result, that is,they scored over 90% in the subjects below:Kostas Papamichalakis Modern Greek, Chris-tos Papaspirou , Modern Greek, Mathematics2Unit, Georgia Pierou Modern Greek, HarryPikis Modern Greek, Matenia Rossides Mathe-matics 2 unit, Anthony Valasiadis BusinessStudies 2 unit, Mathematics 2 unit❒❒ All Saints Greek Orthodox GrammarSchool, Lakemba, NSWThis student achieved a band 6 result, that is, hescored over 90% in Modern Greek:Nicholas Papafotiou Modern Greek Continuers2 unit ❒❒ St John�s Greek Orthodox College,

West Preston, VictoriaGeorge Ioannou received a 97.25 VCEElizabeth Papadopoulos received a 50/50 forMod. Greek studies making her top in Victoria.❒❒ Omiros College, VictoriaAndrew Koulloupas 42/50 for Mod. Greek,Thomas Nasiopoulos 42/50 for Mod. Greek,Eugenia Tassigiannakis 40/50 for M. Greek❒❒ Sts Anargyroi, Oakleigh, VictoriaAnna Xydeas received an excellent VCE of98.45% and the outstanding result of 50/50 forBusiness Administration ❒❒ St George College, Thebarton, S. AustraliaJulie Haddad was named Dux of the School,scoring a Tertiary Entrance Ranking (TER) of96.40, Eleftheria Zambounis received the per-fect score of 20 for Modern Greek Continuers❒❒ St Andrews Greek Orthodox School, West-ern AustraliaThe school offers classes only up to Year 10,however they provide Saturday classes forKindergarten to Year 12 Modern Greek and thehighest achievers are:Christina Karikis who was named Dux of herschool based on school assessment Eva Christopoulos who received a final scaledmark of 81 TES and a raw exam mark of 86,making her the top TES student in ModernGreek in St Andrews and the State of WesternAustralia

The Top Students in LOTE Greek in VIC

These students received a mark out of 50 andwere placed in this order.50 Elizabeth Papadopoulos (St John�s GreekOrthodox College, Preston)49 Anastasia Andrianopoulos (Pythagoras GreekSchool, Brighton), Liliana Laskari (Vsl Lote Dis-tance Education, Thornbury)47 Nicole Danielides (Greek Orthodox Commu-nity of Dandenong and District Dandenong)46 Thomas Andronas (Nestor Greek CollegeDoncaster East), Eleftheria Gagastathis (LoteDistance Education, Thornbury)45 Constantina Deves (Pythagoras GreekSchool, Brighton), Amalia Fatouros (OakleighGreek Orthodox College, Oakleigh), MaritsaPapakonstantinou (St Preston)44 Marianna Charalambous (Greek OrthodoxCommunity of Melbourne and Victoria), MariaGlykokalamos (Alphington GS), CelesteKoravos (Protypo Greek Bilingual EducationCentre, Wheelers Hill), Vasillis Merkouris (Oak-leigh Greek Orthodox College, Oakleigh), SandyVamvoulidis (Alphington GS)43 Ioakim Apostolidis (Lote Distance Education,Thornbury), Theo Georges (Lote Distance Edu-cation, Thornbury), George Ioannou (St John�s

Greek Orthodox College, Preston), PhillipKapogiannis (St Preston)42 Christos Gogidis (St Preston), AnastasiaKaros (Pythagoras Greek School, Brighton),Andrew Koulloupas (Omiros College, PascoeVale Sth), Thomas Nasiopoulos (Omiros Col-lege, Pascoe Vale Sth), Dimitri Papaikonomou(Vsl - Box Hill/ Banksia/ Blackburn/ Box Hill)Marissa Papas (Protypo Greek Bilingual Educa-tion Centre, Wheelers Hill)41 Tammy Grammatikou (St Anthony Comm.Saturday Morning School, Sunshine West),Patricia Kalloua (Alphington GS Alphington),George Lakindis (Holy Trinity Modern GreekLanguage School, Richmond), Rena Mastorakis(Greek Orthodox Community of Mentone andDistricts Mentone), Helen Ntostas (AristotelisModern Greek Language and Culture School,Northcote), Maria Psaras (St John�s GreekOrthodox College Preston), Jennifer Romas(Greek Orthodox Community of Melbourne andVictoria), Elias Sevastidis (St Preston)40 Xenofon Antoniou (Pythagoras GreekSchool, Brighton), Christina Giavrides (NestorGreek College, Doncaster East), GeorgeKazantzidis (Nestor Greek College, DoncasterEast), Elpida Patsouris (Parish of St Basilios,Brunswick Greek Lang. School, Brunswick),Zoe Stratigis (Lote Distance Education, Thorn-bury), Eugenia Tassigiannakis (Omiros College,Pascoe Vale Sth), Erifili Tsokhas (Greek Orho-dox Community of Dandenong and DistrictDandenong), Nicolaos Valavanis (SofocleousGreek Lang. School, St Albans)

Source: Herald Sun, 18 December 2002

The Top Students in Mod. Greek Studies in NSW

Modern Greek BeginnersGeorge Steven Prassas (Open High), MariaGerovasillis (Open High), Maria Costi (OpenHigh), Renee Ariadne Gav (Open High), MariaKoutsakis (Randwick Girls High School)Modern Greek ContinuersFani Fiona Sarris (Kingsgrove North High),Vasileios Primikiris (Kingsgrove High),Panayiota Vlachogianis (Saturday School ofComm. Lang., Bankstown Girls High), FionaPassaris (St Spyridon College, Maroubra)Modern Greek ExtensionJoanna Jana Mouzouros (Saturday School ofComm. Lang., Grantham High), Despina Trian(Saturday School of Comm. Lang., St GeorgeGHS), Vasileios Primikiris (Kingsgrove High),Panayiota Vlachogianis (Saturday School ofComm. Lang., Bankstown Girls High), FaniFiona Sarris (Kingsgrove North High)

Source: Sydney Morning Herald, 21-12-2002

Fiona Sarris

Modern Greek Continuers & ExtensionKingsgrove North High

What was your overall mark for your ModernGreek examination? My overall mark for Greek was 97%.What did you enjoy the most about the Mod-ern Greek exam�s format, that is from the Lit-erature, Comprehension, Listening and Writ-ing Sections, and why?I enjoyed the Listening section the most, becauseI found it slightly challenging, in the sense that itincluded a lot of questions which needed to beinterpreted by the listener whose answers weren�tso easy to find. For instance there was a specificpassage I remember we had to listen to, whichwas a conversation or in fact, an argumentbetween a father and his daughter who arrivedhome late that night. As listeners, we had todetermine the mood of the conversation accord-ing to their tone as well as who seemed to besuperior and why. I found this question veryinteresting and different. However I must say thatthe exam in total was excellent and I liked all

parts more or less. How did you celebrate your achievement? My family and I celebrated my achievement byhaving a small party at our house in which ourclose friends were invited. We had a good timebut what satisfied me most was to see how happyand proud they were of me. Why did you study Modern Greek?I studied Greek because it is the language thatconnects me with my family background andwith the place I love most and am so proud to befrom. It helps me to keep in touch with my home-land, Greece. Plus I really love the Greek lan-guage in itself. Did you enjoy the course? I did enjoy the course. Very much so, actually! Itwas really interesting because we explored anddiscussed a variety of issues in relation to today�ssociety. Some of these issues were related to con-temporary families, friendships, teenage years,drugs and alcohol, disadvantaged groups in our

society, migration and many others. What inspired you most in the Modern Greekcourse?My teacher in Greek and all my classmates whohad faith in me, the syllabus content which wasalso interesting and obviously Greek, which is alanguage I love very much and I think that whenyou really enjoy a subject, you spend more timeworking on it and you put more effort into it andthus you become constantly better at it. What are your plans for the future? I am planning to undertake university studies. Iam very interested in the Arts course and possi-bly Languages as well. Do you intend to use M. Greek in your career?Of course! A language is always useful in anycareer one chooses to follow, no matter whichone it is. Especially in the multicultural societyin which we live in today, I think that the morelanguages we learn, the better it is for us.

Cont. page 17/37

Top Modern Greek students reveal their secret of successCont. from page16/36

What was your overall mark for your ModernGreek examination?Assessment mark = 97; Exam mark = 91; HSCmark = 94What did you enjoy most about the ModernGreek exam's format, that is from the Litera-ture, Comprehension, Listening and Writingsections, and why? I suppose the overall format of the exam was setout well, all topics were spread out evenly, andeverything that we were taught throughout theyear was included within the exam.How did you celebrate your achievement? Just went out with few friends to celebrate.

Why did you study Modern Greek? Basically because of my Greek background Iwanted to extend my knowledge in Greek, includ-ing reading, writing and speaking.Did you enjoy the course? I did enjoy the course, it was interesting, kept mebusy and taught me a lot.What inspired you most in the Modern Greekcourse? My teachers Mrs Notaras and Mr Georgiou, I feelwere the reason for my marks, they helped methroughout the course, and inspired me to do mybest, and I appreciate their help very much. Myappreciation for the Greek language also had a lotto do with it.

What are your plans for the future? I'm still unsure of my future plans, although Iwould like to eventually complete a diploma inBusiness. I am also interested in Interior Decorat-ing, though my first priority is to complete a Busi-ness Diploma. I'd like to work in the propertydevelopment industry.Do you intend to use M. Greek in your career? Hopefully I will.What advice do you have to offer students whointend to study Modern Greek in the future? The only advice I can offer anyone studying Mod-ern Greek, is to work hard, and efficiently, com-plete all tasks on time, and not to fall behind inyour work.

Renee Ariadne Gavriilidis

BeginnersSt Ursulas College

Kingsgrove

Joanna Mouzouros

ExtensionSaturday School

of Community LanguagesCrestwood High School,

Baulkham Hills

What was your HSC mark for the ModernGreek examination?93What did you enjoy most about the ModernGreek exam's format, that is from the Litera-ture, Comprehension, Listening and Writingsections, and why?I enjoyed the Writing section the most because Iwas given the opportunity to express my opinionsfreely and to draw on my own experiences, abili-ties and vocabulary.How did you celebrate your achievement?My father bought me a digital video camera andhe promised to buy me a car when I eventually getmy driver's license.Why did you study Modern Greek?It was originally my mother's idea to continue myGreek, after migrating from Cyprus, because shethought it would be a shame to forget my mothertongue. Studying Greek helped me maintain my

ties with my home country and my family there,as well as helping me overcome many obstacleshere in Australia.Did you enjoy the course?The experience has left me with sweet and unfor-gettable memories of the friendships I made withother students and the two teachers that I had inthe four years I studied Greek. I must admit that those four years also gave me thechance to develop as a person and to discover myidentity. What inspired you most in the Modern Greekcourse?My teacher, who in only her first year of teachingsucceeded in teaching us a lot with her limitedknowledge of the 6 set songs for study, but alsowith her excellent knowledge of the Greek knowl-edge and culture.What are your plans for the future?I am still in Year 11 and I did my HSC in Modern

Greek in 2002, as suggested by my teachers, so Ihave another year before I graduate from HighSchool. However I am interested in journalismand the media.Do you intend to use Modern Greek in yourfuture?The knowledge of a foreign language can offeryou employment overseas and it gives you theability to continue the Greek language, culture andreligion through to the future generations. It wouldbe a shame not to use my Greek in the future.What advice to you have to offer students whointend to study Modern Greek in the future?I have this to say to all the children with a Greekbackground in Australia: it is imperative that youshow respect and have passion for what you'redoing, especially when you are dealing with themother tongue of your parents. Above all it isyour responsibility to maintain and instill Greek inthe future generations.

Zafiria Passaris

ContinuersSt Spyridon College,

Maroubra

What was your overall mark for your ModernGreek examination?94 What did you enjoy most about the ModernGreek exam's format, that is from the Litera-ture, Comprehension, Listening and Writingsections, and why? From the exam's format I enjoyed the writing sec-tion because it enabled me to be creative and toexpress my opinions. I also enjoyed the speakingsection as the topics we were given were interest-ing and it was an opportunity for us students toexpress our ideas.How did you celebrate your achievement? My parents were extremely proud of me andrewarded me with a car and a party with my fam-ily and friends. Why did you study Modern Greek? As I am a third generation Greek born in Aus-

tralia, I wanted to maintain my heritage. I amproud of my Greek descent and as I have grownup with the Greek traditions and reading andspeaking the Greek language at home, I wanted toextend my knowledge of the Greek language bystudying it. I also hope to be able to study over-seas one day and knowing a second language willallow me to do so.

Did you enjoy the course? I enjoyed the course because the various sectionstested our abilities in all areas, such as the listen-ing tested our understanding and translating, thewriting and speaking tested our creativity andability to use Greek vocabulary. These differentaspects made the course challenging, but at thesame time interesting.What inspired you most in the Modern Greekcourse?

It was primarily my appreciation of the Greek lan-guage that inspired me in my Modern Greek stud-ies, but both my teacher Mrs Faletas and my par-ents encouraged me throughout the year.What are your plans for the future? I'm not quite sure what the future holds for me butI would like to study economics at either the Uni-versity of Sydney or the University of NSW.Do you intent to use Modern Greek in your

career? One of the main reasons I chose Modern Greekwas to expand my horizons and have the opportu-nity to work overseas.What advice do you have to offer students

who intent to study Modern Greek in thefuture? My advice is to work hard during the whole yearand speak as much Greek as possible. I knowfrom personal experience that speaking Greek at

George Prassas

BeginnersOpen High School

Scots College, Bellevue Hill

What was your overall mark for your ModernGreek examination?My overall mark in the examination for ModernGreek was 97.What did you enjoy most about the ModernGreek exam's format, that is from the Litera-ture, Comprehension, Listening and Writingsections, and why?I actually found that as far as the exam went Ienjoyed the comprehension section most becauseit gave me the opportunity to see how far my lan-guage understanding went in terms of working outthe harder parts in their context.

How did you celebrate your achievement?Nothing big really. I just celebrated by taking mygirlfriend out and had small celebrations withfriends. I didn't get a gift but my parents have beena bit more lenient in the sense of my curfew.Why did you study Modern Greek?I studied Modern Greek firstly because it had beenyears since I had done anything to do with lan-

guage and I think it's important to be able to speaktwo languages, especially your own. Also I wasinterested in it. I have always been interested inHistory, Greek History, and I knew I had a goodchance of doing well in a subject which I had aninterest in.

Did you enjoy the course?I did enjoy the course, although I found it requireda lot of self-motivation, which I didn't have aproblem with. Also because it was done via cor-respondence it was difficult sometimes, althoughthe open high school and my teacher Chris Geor-giou were always there to help if necessary. What inspired you most in the Modern Greekcourse?I think it mainly had to do with my appreciation ofthe language itself. Although I was born here Iconsider myself to be Greek and so it's only nat-ural I would want to learn the language.What are your plans for the future? I'm still not sure exactly what I want to do in the

future but I have decided for now that I want tomove into some sort of property course, be it atTAFE or University. Property Economics at UTSwas my first preference.Do you intend to use Modern Greek in yourcareer?Speaking Greek would be good as a business toolwhen it comes to Greek clients.What advice do you have to offer students whointend to study Modern Greek in the future? To all those that do Modern Greek in the future Iwould have to say that it requires a constant effortthroughout the year. Especially with the new HSCwhere killing the exam will not get you a goodUAI alone. In any case you have to love the lan-guage to do well at it, but that's the same with anysubject or anything. Doing it through the OpenHigh School meant I had plenty of assistance fromteachers and so forth. When I studied, though, Ialways listened to Greek music in the backgroundbecause I found it in a way inspiring, but alsoincreased my vocabulary to some extent.


FeatureDID YOU KNOW? The guy on the US ten-dollarbill is, of course, Alexander Hamilton and hewas killed in a duel by Vice President AaronBurr. Hamilton was a revolutionary war heroand leading architect of the new Americangovernment.


The Balkan Wars occurred only a couple ofyears before the first world war began. As aresult of these wars Greece�s area and popu-lation doubled.

The Ottoman Empire, no longer the super power that itonce was, and now known as �The Sick Man of Europe�,was assured defeat at the onset of the First Balkan War. In the early years of the 20th century the Ottoman Turksallowed the Bulgarians to change the ethnic �Greek�character of Macedonia through persecutions, see PavlosMelas. The persecutions of the Greeks of Macedonia andthe inability to free Crete by Greece, damaged the nation-al conscience of Greece. The end result was a revolutionby the military that overthrew the Greek government onthe 15th August 1909.

The overthrow of the government was widely acceptedthroughout Greece and brought a new sense of pride tothe nation. The military placed Elefterios Venizelos whowould later become prime minister of Greece. Venizelosmanaged to bring sweeping reforms to Greece. One ofhis reforms was to create a very powerful army whichwould eventually be used in the liberation of the �GreekSpeaking� territories.

The arrival of the Neo-Turks into power in 1908 in theOttoman Empire foreshadowed an impending war in theBalkans. The Neo-Turks were an educated class andwith members of the military in the Ottoman Empire theymanaged to overthrow the Sultan Abdul Hamid andplace on the throne his brother Muhamad the 5th.

The occupied populations of the Balkans cheered thearrival of the Neo-Turks as it was believed that this newclass of educated leaders of the Ottoman Empire wouldpromote equality of all. The Neo-Turks became the opposite of what it wasbelieved that they would have become. These �newthinking Turks� were in fact far crueler than the previousTurks. Massive persecutions swept the Balkans and hun-dreds of thousands were murdered under their direction.A massive attempt was made to wipe out the ethnicgroups in the Balkans, and force them to become Turksand Muslims.

The countries of Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria andMontenegro feared for their brothers in the enslavedBalkans. The countries then decided that their differ-ences had to be put aside as they shared the commondesire to free their populations from Ottoman occupation.The time to act was now when the weakened state of theTurkish empire assured them of a Turkish defeat. To notact by the combined forces would mean the eradicationof their people either through murder or through assimi-lation into the Turkish race.

The First Balkan War

The Balkan wars were different than any other wars theTurks had fought. Though the Turks were undoubtedlygood soldiers, they had been used to outnumbering theirenemies in wars that they fought.

As a result of threats from many fronts, the OttomanEmpire had spread its large and significant armythroughout its empire, thus weakening it. Though sever-al hundred thousand troops still remained in the Balkans,the alliance of Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegroserved many more troops than the Turks, resulting in theTurkish Army being outnumbered two to one. In the past many enemies of the Turks were not armed asheavily. This new alliance of nations was heavily armedwith the newest military equipment.The defeat of the Ottoman Empire�s army at the hands of

the allied armies in the Balkans was only a matter of time.Knowing full well the state of the Ottoman empire andfearing the impending genocide of their peoples, thealliance decided to crush the Ottoman Empire�s army inthe Balkans. On the 4th October 1914 Bulgaria, Serbiaand Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire.The Ottoman Empire responded by declaring war onBulgaria and Serbia and hoped for Greece to stay out ofthe war. The next day Greece, respecting the secretalliance it held with Serbia formally declared war on theOttoman Empire.

The Turkish army was immediately overwhelmed by thecombined forces and began retreating on all fronts. TheGreek soldiers, confident in their new army and anxiousto strike the Ottoman Empire, ran with jubilation acrossthe Greek-Ottoman border at Thessaly attacking theOttoman Turkish positions. One city after another fell tothe advancing Greek army. The Greek army reached asfar north as the ethnic Greek city of Koritsa in modernAlbania. On the 27th October the Greek army enteredvictorious into Thessalonica, liberating the capital ofMacedonia. Similar victories were occurring on all frontswith Greece�s allies.

Whereas the largest portion of the Greek army was liber-ating Macedonia, a large segment was liberating Epirusfrom Ottoman Occupation. The city of Ioannina withGerman military assistance had been fortified so strong-ly that it was practically impenetrable. The Greek armyfought hard and lost a great many men to capture the cityof Ioannina from the Turkish army.

In the city of Ioannina alone thirty thousand Turkish sol-diers surrendered to the Greek army upon its capture on13th February 1913. The city�s population danced in thestreets in jubilation over the liberation, cheering on theGreek army to further victories.

The Greek navy also shared many victories in the AegeanSea with its admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis. The navymanaged to liberate the island of Lemnos and trapped theTurkish navy in the Dardanelles. The Turkish navy triedmany times to break out but was not successful. Theinability of the Turks to leave from the Dardanellesassured the liberation of the Aegean Islands. One by onethe islands of the Aegean fell to the Greeks - Samos,Chios, Lesvos, Imbros, Tenedos and many others.

The Bulgarians now approached the outskirts ofConstantinople. The Turks, fearing a catastrophe whichwould result in them even losing their capital, surren-dered. The Ottomans gave up practically all their hold-ings in the Balkans accept a little strip of land that sur-rounded their capital.

As a result of the war, Greece received the islands of theAegean excluding the Dodecanese, Southern Epirus,Macedonia, and Crete.

The national conscience was restored with these victoriesand nearly all the Greeks in Europe were now free.Greece received nearly all the territory it demanded yetone prize it did not get: �Northern Epirus�. Until this dayNorthern Epirus resides in foreign hands in Albania, thecommunity of several hundred thousand Greeks livingthere never managing to make their dream come true ofuniting with their homeland.

Bulgaria was not satisfied with the peace treaty, and as aresult Greece and Serbia joined together to attackBulgaria in the Second Balkan War. Though the SecondBalkan War was much shorter then the first, it was muchmore bloody and vicious..

Next issue: The Second Balkan War

MythologyThis page is dedicated to Greek history in the modern era. Much of Greece�s historyhas focused on Greek antiquity and Byzantium. The Greek Australian VEMA, how-ever, has chosen to highlight Hellenic history in modern times. This page will feature

a significant turning point in Greek history every month.

The Balkan Wars

DID YOU KNOW? Gibraltar was once con-sidered to be the end of the earth. TheSpanish town of Tarifa is named after theArab word Taraf, which means the end ofsomething. Going beyond Tarifa meant thatyou would fall over the edge of the earth.

GGGGrrrreeeeeeeekkkk

Dionysus

He was the god of fertility and wine, later considered a patron of thearts. He invented wine and spread the art of tending grapes. He hasa dual nature. On the one hand bringing joy and divine ecstasy. Onthe other brutal, unthinking, rage. Thus, reflecting both sides ofwine�s nature. If he chooses Dionysus can drive a man mad. No nor-mal fetters cannot hold him or his followers.

Dionysus is the son of Zeus and Semele. He is the only god to havea mortal parent. Zeus came to Semele in the night, invisible, feltonly as a divine presence. Semele was pleased to be a lover of a god,even though she did not know which one. Word soon got aroundand Hera quickly assumed who was responsible. Hera went toSemele in disguise and convinced her she should see her lover as hereally was. When Zeus next came to her she made him promise togrant her one wish. She went so far as to make him swear on theRiver Styx that he would grant her request. Zeus was madly in loveand agreed. She then asked him to show her his true form. Zeus wasunhappy, and knew what would happen but, having sworn he hadno choice. He appeared in his true form and Semele was instantlyburnt to a crisp by the sight of his glory. Zeus did manage to rescueDionysus and stitch him into his thigh to hold him until he wasready to be born. His birth from Zeus alone conferred immortalityupon him.

Dionysus� problems with Hera were not yet over. She was still jeal-ous and arranged for the Titans to kill him. The Titans ripped himinto to pieces. However, Rhea brought him back to life. After thisZeus arranged for his protection and turned him over to the moun-tain nymphs to be raised.

Dionysus wandered the world actively encouraging his cult. He wasaccompanied by the Maenads, wild women, flush with wine, shoul-ders draped with a fawn skin, carrying rods tipped with pine cones.While other gods had templaces, the followers of Dionysus wor-shipped him in the woods. Here they might go into mad stateswhere they would rip apart and eat raw any animal they came upon. Dionysus is also one of the very few that was able to bring a deadperson out of the underworld. Even though he had never seenSemele he was concerned for her. Eventually he journeyed into theunderworld to find her. He faced Thanatos and manage to bring herback to Mount Olympus. Dionysus became one of the most important gods in everyday life.He became associated with several key concepts. One was rebirthafter death. Here his dismemberment by the Titans and return to lifeis symbolically echoed in tending vines, where the vines must bepruned back sharply, and then become dormant in winter for themto bear fruit. The other is the idea that under the influence of wine,one could feel possessed by a greater power. Unlike the other godsDionysus was not only outside his believers, but also within them.At these times a man might be greater then himself and do works heotherwise could not.

The festival for Dionysus is in the spring when the leaves begin toreappear on the vine. It became one of the most important events ofthe year. It�s focus became the theater. Most of the great Greek playswere initially written to be performed at the feast of Dionysus. Allwho took part (writers, actors, spectators) were regarded as scaredservants of Dionysus during the festival.


Travel

BY DIANA FARR LOUIS

How often can you say, goingback to a place first visitedsome 20 years ago, that it hasactually improved?

Most places, especially islands thatwe knew and loved in our youth (anebulous stretch of time that seemedto go on and on) live in our memo-ries in a romantic blur. Jasmine-scented nights stretched until day-break, bathing suits were superflu-ous on rubbish-free beaches, pic-turesque tavernas where the fish wasalways fresh adorned the water�sedge, souvenir shops were quaint,and there was not a plastic chair insight. The next time we went back ourfavourite hideaways had been dis-covered. Tourists had descended enmasse (we were never in that cate-gory!), fancy hotels and cheaprooms encroached on the pristinesands, and menus appeared withglossy photos in restaurants whosewaiters tried to hustle us into theirclutches. �Never again�, we mut-tered and hurried away. But Kythira seems to have escapedthis syndrome. In the 80s, the situa-tion was pleasantly primitive. Kap-sali, the twin-beached bay beneaththe crenellated Hora, at the southernend of the island, seemed to have avirtual monopoly on places to eatand sleep.

Agia Pelagia

Agia Pelagia, where the ferries fromGytheio and Neapolis dock, had onepension and a smattering of nonde-script buildings. Most beaches lay atthe end of rutted dirt roads, and mostof the villages appeared abandonedand crumbling. One friend wantedto keep it that way and grumbledwhen I wrote a few paragraphs onKythira for inclusion in a guide-book. No thanks to me, Kythira hit thetravel pages with a splash in themid-90s and swarms of Atheniansinvaded this �unspoilt paradise�.Unprepared for the onslaught, theislanders reacted, charging tens ofthousands of drachmas for the privi-lege of sleeping in their stables andbarns. Tourists with cars were lucki-er; they could curl up in them.

Unchanged

Kythira is neither virgin nor overde-veloped, flooded with neither for-eign busloads nor Greek yuppies.And by all accounts the locals wantto keep it that way. There are manynew hotels, but they are smallish andattractive, for the most part in keep-ing with the landscape. Tavernas arenumerous, too, and the food invari-ably good as opposed to the some-times barely edible fare offered inthe past. The roads are decent, the

beaches still clean (though crowdedin August, but what do you expect!),and the villages are slowly comingback to life. Much of this can be attributed towhat I like to think of as the Aus-tralian factor. In the 19th century,under British rule along with the restof the Ionian Islands - Kythira some-how got swept into that archipelagodespite its obvious lack of geograph-ic connection with the Ionian - thepopulation prospered and rose to itshighest, 14,500 inhabitants justbefore union with Greece in 1864.Between 1920 and 1990, this figuredropped to 3,000, with the lion�sshare of emigrants turning to Aus-tralia for a new start. Be that as it may, the hyphenatedKythirans never lost their love orlonging for their birthplace andbesides returning in large numbersfor summer holidays or after retire-ment, they have put their money andexperience to good use. Australiandollars have built a fine hospital thatactually works, an old age homeand, what could be more logical?, amortuary. Kythiran school childrenlearn about the environment and,more importantly, tell their parents,so the roadsides are empty of trash.(Kythira was one of the first placesin Greece to boast compulsory edu-cation for girls, and there�s a tradi-tion of them growing up to be teach-ers.) And you�ll also find many�Australians� behind the hotel desksand taverna cash registers, not tomention inside beautifully restoredhouses. This does not mean that the island isany less �Greek� in atmosphere. Infact, Kythira has an atmosphere allits own, to which labels simplywon�t stick. Its chief feature is thehigh plateau spreading out in alldirections from the centre, flatteninginto a low plain as it runs eastward tothe sea but fissured with lush ravinesto the West. Green and yellow are its colours, inearly June at least, with broom andgorse alternating with olive trees andcypresses, and some pink oleandersthrown in for good measure. In themore fertile North, terraces ring thehills, while every mountain iscrowned with a church, a monasteryor a NATO/OTE communicationstower, and sometimes even aMinoan peak sanctuary. Fantasticviews abound, to the point that ifyou followed one guidebook�sadvice and admired them only atsunset, you�d have to stay a month. As you drive from north to southalong the main road which bisectsthe island, you pass solitary church-es with Italianate belfries, extendedfarmhouses with blind walls resem-bling North African casbahs and,here and there, a tall, stern-lookingfortified mansion built by a Venetiannoble. Even more striking are theremnants of British protection: anarched stone bridge, the longest inthe Balkans; a gothic schoolhouse

poised not altogether incongruouslynext to a gate guarded by the Lion ofSt Mark, not to mention the roadsthemselves. The British took theirrole as custodians of the Ionian seri-ously.

Venetian legacy

The Venetian legacy is markedlymore widespread; after all they wereentrenched there for four hundredyears, the British a mere fifty. It wasthe Venetians who first made Kythi-ra the seventh major Ionian island,and the resident lords, Venieri by

name, justified possession by tracingtheir descent from Venus herself.Besides houses and churches, threeVenetian fortresses add drama to thelandscape. The largest one, at Hora,the capital but by no means thebiggest settlement, can be seen frommiles away, completely overshad-owing the flat-roofed, Cycladic-looking buildings crowded round itsbase. The view from it, of Kapsali belowand Avgo (egg) islet bursting fromthe sea, is extraordinary at any timeof day. Kato Hora, by contrast, ismodest and intimate, enclosing aremarkably copious handful ofchurches, whose stone tile roofsmake me think of armadillos. Final-ly, the squat polygonal fort at theentrance to the little port of Avle-monas is itself eclipsed by the villas,gardens and seductive fish tavernasthat have sprouted in front of it.

Avlemonas

Avlemonas is an example of whatKythira is doing right. In the processof transforming itself from fishingvillage into one of the island�s mostpopular resorts, it hasn�t allowed

tackiness to creep in. The restaurantsand cafes have rush or canvas-bot-tomed chairs, a shop sells sculpturescarved from the characteristic soft,yellow stone instead of mass-pro-duced trinkets. For some inexplicable reason,Kythira has become an island ofcraftspeople. Some are locals: theRoussos family near Kato Livaditurns out pottery according to tradi-tional prototypes, Hora�s shops arefilled with art and objects made bytheir talented owners. Others are for-eigners or mainland Greeks. Theyset up stands at the Sunday morning

market at Potamos, Kythira�sbiggest village, amidst the farmerswith their freshly picked fruit andvegetables. You might find shipspainted on driftwood by Maria,Argentian Jose�s jewellery, a Ger-man peddling old willow basketsand Bosch-like paintings by his deadPolish friend, clothes designed by anAmerican woman or by Karin fromHolland, just to name a few of theregulars. When asked why they�rehere, they invariably reply, �I justhad to get out of the urban rat race,away from the scene where money�sthe only thing that matters.� Apart from being a refuge for rebelsre-evaluating their lives, Kythira isalso becoming a heaven for foodies.In addition to individual farmers anda few small factories making excel-lent fresh and hard cheeses, thebutcher in Potamos (among others)produces delectable thin, spicysausages, the oil-based paximadia(rusks) from the baker at Kar-vounades are legendary, whileanother small plant specialises inhomemade pasta. Leading thehome-bottled jams and picklesmovement is an Australian namedCherile, who manages an organic

farm here with her husband. Lookfor her jars at Stavros�s bookshop atthe entrance to Hora and at Kythi-ropiimata in the middle of the water-front at Agia Pelagia. There you canalso find local sweets like rozedes,crushed almonds bound with honey,and tins of the delicate honey itself,for which the island is famous. Another product to look for is seasalt, snow-white crystals gatheredfrom the rocks. Competition for themost lucrative stretches of coast isso intense that the municipality hasassumed ownership and actuallyauctions off their use to the highest

bidders once a year. Swimmers,however, are not affected by this rul-ing, and in any case seem to preferthe sandy beaches at Kaladi,Palaiopoli, and Firi Ammos, all tothe Southeast. Lest this article start a new rush toKythira, I hasten to add that theisland is not perfect. It is vastly over-crowded in August, the season is ter-ribly short, with many hotels andrestaurants open only from June toSeptember, and thanks to the vetopower of the taxi mafia (about 17cabs for the whole island), there are,unbelievably, no public buses, noteven from the airport to Hora. Andnever, never plan a trip there whenbound by commitments elsewhere,because transportation on and off theisland can be erratic, to say the least.Even the local map/guide admitsthat Kythira is one of Greece�s mostwind-battered regions. Ever won-dered why it was selected as thebirthplace of Aphrodite? Three seas beat against Kythira�sshores - the Ionian, Cretan andAegean - creating havoc with theweather but plenty of foam for agoddess to rise from.

SOURCE: ATHENS NEWS

Aphrodite�s birthplace revisited

DID YOU KNOW? Hearing aids should betaken out for aircraft takeoffs and landings,says the Centre of Travel Medicine (CRM) inDuesseldorf. This applies particularly to hear-ing aids which completely block the auditorycanal, it says.

Kythira has an atmosphere all its own, to which labels simply won�t stick. Its chief feature is the high plateau spread-ing out in all directions from the centre, flattening into a low plain as it runs eastward to the sea but fissured withlush ravines to the West. Green and yellow are its colours, in early June at least, with broom and gorse alternating

with olive trees and cypresses, and some pink oleanders thrown in for good measure.

By Imogen Coward

Basil has been grown throughout the Mediter-ranean for many centuries, and has become aninextricable part of Mediterranean cuisine.Basil is not native to the Mediterraneanthough, rather it originated in India where it isconsidered sacred by Hindus.

Basil, a hitherto unknown plant in the MiddleEast and Europe, was first found by St Helen(mother of St Constantine) growing on thespot where she discovered the cross of Christon 14 September, 325 AD. The plant withflowers and a fragrance of rare beauty wasnamed basil (vasilikos) meaning the flower ofroyalty, out of respect for St Helen the Dowa-ger Empress. Since its discovery by St Helen,basil has been the official flower of the Ortho-dox Church. Basil is used during the serviceson the feast days of the Elevation of the HolyCross (September 14), Epiphany (January 6),the Veneration of the Holy Cross (4th week ofGreat Lent) and any time the service of theBlessing of the Water takes place.

Basil comes in many different varieties, eachwith distinctive characteristics. The varietiesbest known to Orthodox Australians are prob-ably sacred basil (ocimum sanctum), bushbasil (ocimum minimum) and sweet basil (oci-mum basilicum).

Sacred basil (also referred to as holy basil) is aperennial bush with woody stalks, smallslightly furry dull green elliptical leaves andhas a pungent aroma of cloves. Somewhatspindly in appearance, it can grow to 18 inch-es in height. It is a hardy plant and may bestruck easily from a cutting. Sacred basilseems to be the variety more commonly usedin the services mentioned above. Another

variety of basil, ocimum tenuiflorum, is alsocommonly called sacred basil.

Bush basil (also known as Greek basil) ismuch like sacred basil except that it grows intoa small rounded bush. Its fragrance, appear-ance and hardiness make it a favouriteamongst gardeners as a small perennial bushideal for growing in pots. Neither sacred basilnor bush basil are commonly used for culinarypurposes as the leaves are generally too toughand too pungent to be palatable.

Sweet basil (also known as common basil andGreek royal) is an annual bush with largeshiny bright green oval leaves and has a sweetaroma of cloves and spice. It is not as hardy assacred basil and will easily die if not cared forproperly. Of the many varieties of basil, sweetbasil is the most common variety used in cook-ing as its leaves are easily digested. It is a veryversatile herb and the leaves can be used in

many different dishes including pesto. It has aparticular affinity with tomatoes, tomato basedsauces, pasta dishes and goes well with alltypes of red meat and poultry. For cooking, itis always preferable to use fresh sweet basil, aswhen it is dried it loses many of the subtleflavours and aromas. Besides adding to theflavour of many dishes, sweet basil also aidsdigestion.

While sweet basil is well known and used as aculinary herb, a less commonly known aspectof all varieties of basil is the good antisepticproperties of the leaves. Water in which freshbasil leaves have been soaked will not becomestagnant or brackish. Basil bushes are also par-ticularly good fly repellents and a few pottedplants around the dining area can make out-door eating in summer less of a race with theflies. Basil is also a good companion plant fortomatoes, as snails seem to prefer to eat basilleaves rather than tomato vines.

BasilKoulouria

Koulouria are butter cookies made in vari-ous shapes - little circles, braids, coils, figureeights, etc. The recipe makes a large amount,but these cookies keep well - if you can keepthem from all being eaten right away.

What you need

4 sticks (1 pound) unsalted butter at room temperature

2 cups sugar6 eggs2 teaspoons vanilla extract 8 - 9 cups all-purpose flour2 tablespoons double-acting baking powder1 egg beaten with 1 tablespoon water

Preparation

Preheat oven to 375 degrees.

Cream butter and gradually beat in sugar.Beat eggs until light; add to butter mixtureand beat thoroughly. Add vanilla extract.Sift together flour and baking powder. Care-fully blend in flour mix to the butter-eggmixture to form a soft dough. Shape doughwith lightly floured hands into desiredshapes and arrange on ungreased cookiesheets. Typical shapes are a two or threestrand braid or a figure eight. Brush withbeaten egg and water. Bake for 20 minutesor until golden brown and cool on racks.Find a good hiding spot.

TzatzikiServes about 4-6 people.

What you need

1 pound plain yogurt1/2 cucumber3 garlic cloves, crushed2 tablespoon chopped fresh mint2 tablespoon olive oil 1 tablespoon white wine vinegarsalt, to tastechopped fresh mint for garnish

Preparation

Place the yogurt in a medium sized bowl.Peel and grate the cucumber, squeezing a lit-tle at a time to remove excess water. Stir thecucumber into the yogurt.

Stir in the garlic, fresh mint, olive oil andvinegar and season with salt. Cover andchill until serving. Just before serving, gar-nish with chopped fresh mint.

Annie�s Lane CabernetMerlot 2001

Produced in the Clare Valley regionof South Australia, this red displaysaromas of spicy currants and freshplums. It is full bodied withflavours of mild spice and black-berries with a hint of sour cherriesand oak and a long smooth-ish fin-ish. It has potential to improve witha further 3-5 years cellaring. Servedat room temperature, this wine compliments char-grilled scotchfillet with herb butter and steamed vegetables.

Cost: under $20

Commandaria St John

Produced in Cyprus, this port isgolden brown in colour and has avery sweet aroma of raisins. Bal-anced flavours of dried figs, raisins,prunes and toasted oak with a hint of cloves lead to a rich and

sticky finish. More complex in character than many of its Aus-tralian counterparts (within a similar price range), this port is bestenjoyed by itself as an after-dinner drink.

Cost: under $15

The Oxford Companion to Wine

Edited by Jancis Robinson(Oxford University Press)

Hundreds upon hundreds ofdetailed illustrated entries cover,in depth, everything from making,tasting and judging wines, thewho�s who of the wine world, thewine trade and cellaring to the his-tory of various wineries and winegrowing regions across the world.Written in an easy going manner,the technical jargon in this book iskept to a minimum, without com-promising the level and quality of the information. As far as ref-erence books on wines go this is probably the ultimate.

Cost: around $110 !

Wine RReviewBy Imogen Coward


Recipes

Food & WineDID YOU KNOW? Pepsi-Cola was invented by CalebBradham in 1890 as "Brad's Drink" asa digestive aid and energy booster. Itwas renamed as Pepsi-Cola in 1989.

The Greek Australian Vema

The oldestcirculating Greek

newspaperoutside Greece

Tel: (02) 9559 7022Fax: (02) 9559 7033

e-mail: [email protected]

Bush Basil "Finissimo verde a palla"

Bush Basil "Fino verde compatto"


By Olga Hatzopoulos

Author and illustrator, Bethlehem Georgellisarrived from Greece only knowing scraps ofEnglish but is now bridging the gap betweenthe Greek and English Language.Mrs Georgellis, has been critically acclaimed,and praised by students and teachers alike forher children�s book �Zeus The Koala And TheMagic Egg�, which is offered in both Englishand Greek prints.Mrs Georgellis was born in the Village of Agraon the Greek island of Lesvos and migrated toAustralia in 1969 while still a young girl. Shethen married George Georgellis and raisedthree sons, Peter, Bill and Chris. Not contentwith being a busy mother and wife, MrsGeorgellis wanted to fulfil her lifelong dreamof being an author. Mrs Georgellis always hadthe gift of storytelling; even in her youngerdays at school in Greece she was invited toread her stories to classes.

Mrs Georgellis in 1975 began studying theEnglish language at various Sydney collegeswhile reading Greek and English Literature aswell as Philosophy. She studied Arts at theUniversity of New England at Armidale, NewSouth Wales. In 1996 she began studying art,which helped her illustrate her stories andbring to life her characters from her manypoems and short stories. Her love for childrenand the natural environment inspired her towrite her book, �My Fairy Tales�, which hasbeen awarded a Merit Certificate and Prize byWriter�s World.

In �Zeus The Koala And The Magic Egg�, thehero of the story is a Koala named Zeus who

lives on a farm that Mr John, a Greek migrant,and his wife live on. Not an ordinary farm, MrJohn�s farm is occupied by talking animals.After telling his Koala all about his namesakeZeus, the Greek God of mythology, Mr John isthrown a concert by his friends because of hisheroic deed in saving a frog from a snake. Theanimals then go on their own odyssey insearch of a magic egg that is supposed to bringhappiness to the entire world. Images of theOlympic Games are conjured and mingledwith ancient Greek Mythology.

Without revealing the ending of the story,�Zeus The Koala And The Magic Egg� is adelightful story with beautiful vivid pictures

that will enthral children of all ages. The easyto read language draws children into the storyand makes them care for the characters. Evenadults will enjoy the many colourfulmetaphors that they will see and relate to.

The book can be purchased in both Greek andEnglish, which is a major draw for parentswho want their children to still have ties withtheir mother tongue. Parents can read theGreek version of the book to their children,and spend some time teaching them phrasesand words.

Such is the popularity of �Zeus The KoalaAnd The Magic Egg�, that Mrs Georgellisconstantly receives letters from children aboutit, and travels around primary schools holdingworkshops where she gives students an oppor-tunity to learn about the process of writing.

Ms Georgia Mavrides, Canley Vale PublicSchool�s ESL teacher, in a letter to MrsGeorgellis, writes �Thank you very much forcoming to our school. We were veryimpressed with your presentation. All the stu-dents enjoyed your workshop as this allowedthem to further their understanding of theOlympic Games within the context of yourstory�.

Mrs Georgellis has captured the hearts of chil-dren, in Australia and beyond and has createda book with a delightful message.

As Mrs Kangaroo says to Zeus the Koala�Isn�t this why we are living? To help and loveone another?�

Book ReviewDID YOU KNOW? In the old days, sea captains kept pigson board because they believed, shouldthey be shipwrecked, pigs always swamtoward the nearest shore.

�Zeus The Koala And The Magic Egg�

Elvis fans celebrate the King's 68th birthday By Billy Freeman

If you thought Elvis weddings were a productof Las Vegas only, think again.Dean Vegas, a Gold Coast-based Elvisimpersonator, has performed 24 in the pasttwo years."On my certificate, it says that I can onlymarry people while dressed as Elvis," helaughs.On what would have been the King's 68thbirthday, he will perform at the MaitlandElvis Festival in NSW's Hunter Valley beforea bunch of adoring fans, one of whom will beJoan Tillitzki.She is the president of the Newcastle/HunterElvis Presley fan club, one of many basedaround Australia.The festival, to be held this weekend, willfeature lookalike and soundalike competi-tions, as well as rock `n' roll dancing.It is a highlight on the calendar of Elvis fans,local or not."We had one of our young fans, RustyRoberts, have his (memorabilia) collectiondisplayed in the Newcastle Regional Muse-um for a couple of months last year," Tillitz-ki said."They had a guest book there where youcould sign your name and it was signed bypeople from all over."Tillitzki, whose favourite Elvis song is Ken-tucky Rain, made a pilgrimage to Gracelandtwice in 2002, both for the birthday celebra-tions in January and the big one, the 25thanniversary commemoration of his death on

August 16, 1977.She has a collection of Elvis memorabilia -although she is in the process of dismantlingit because she is "getting a bit old" - mostprized of which is one of the scarves Elvisused to give out at his concerts in Las Vegas,which she bought from a German collector.Dean Vegas says people are still so attachedto Elvis so many years after his death becausehe was the consummate entertainer."He was one of a kind, you know? He had thewhole package. He had the looks, the moves,the charisma, everything."And I know that a lot of people don't likethem, but I think it's his movies that keep him

alive all over the world."There is probably an Elvis movie playingsomewhere in the world right now," he said,as a Sydney TV station showed one of them:It Happened At The World's Fair.Vegas has travelled all over Australia as anElvis impersonator, but the highlight of hiscareer came when he won a worldwide con-test in Canada in 2000.As a result, he was invited to perform inMemphis by Maryanne Cook, Elvis' live-innurse in his last years and now the organiserof Elvis events.

AAP

For the bibliophiles...

A New book of Middle Eastern food

By Claudia Roden (Penguin)

A new and enlarged edition of this classicwork. The writing style evokes the exot-ic flavours and colours of what is essen-tially wholesome cuisine. Good adviceon serving, and keeping qualities.

Introducing the OrthodoxChurch: Its faith and life

By Anthony M. Coniaris (Light and Life)

Beginning with the Creed, and endingwith the question, �What is expected ofus?� this book is both interesting andpractical. Presents Orthodoxy as a �con-temporary and livable faith.�

Available: The Church of St George,Rose Bay, Sydney (02) 9371 9929,

or www.light-n-life.com

The Art of Byzantium: BetweenAntiquity and the Renaissance

By Thomas F. Mathews (Everyman Art Library)

Very reasonably priced, it contains manycolour illustrations of both religious andsecular art. Interesting to read, it is writtenin the confident and aggressive style oftenemployed in art texts.

Medieval and Modern GreekBy Robert Browning

(Cambridge University Press)

For students of Greek and linguistics, thisbook shows how a long literary traditionhas proved a stabilising factor in main-taining the language. It also shows howthe language reflects historical circum-stances.

Available: University Co-op Bookshop(02) 9325 9663

A commentary on the DivineLiturgy

By Nicholas Cabasilas

Takes the form of a discussion on themain features and sections of the Liturgy.This service is the cornerstone of our wor-ship, and an increase in understanding,means greater appreciation and participa-tion.

A.C.

CAB AUDITED

OCTOBER 2002 . ÏÊÔÙÂÑÉÏÓ 2002 Tel. (02) 9559 7022 Fax: (02) 9559 7033

E-mail: [email protected] Áñ. Ö. 8207 - PRICE $1.70 (GST

THE FIRST HELLENIC NEWSPAPER IN AUSTRALIA (ESTABLISHED 1913)

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Ôá ÓÜââáôá êáé ôéò ÊõñéáêÝò áíáëáìâÜíïõìå

êïéíùíéêÝò åêäçëþóåéò - äåîéþóåéò, ãÜìïõò,

âáðôßóåéò, áññáâþíåò ê.ë.ð.

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Phone: (02) 9585 1688 Fax: (02) 9585 1730

Ï ÄéåõèõíôÞò ê. Óðýñïò Öñáãêïýëçò êáé ôï

ðñïóùðéêü óáò õðüó÷ïíôáé

ìéá Üøïãç åîõðçñÝôçóç

18002

TODAY IN THE GREEK AUSTRALIAN VEMA

FEATURE

Are our universities

surviving

at the students

expense?PAGE 4/32

FEATURE

St. Spyridon College

boys, champions

for the 2nd year

in Sunsprint 2002PAGE 17/45

ÅÍÈÅÔÏ ÁÖÉÅÑÙÌÁ

O ÄÞìïò

ôïõ ÊÜíôåñìðåñé

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Ôï ¸ðïò ôïõ ‘‘40

êáé ç Üëëç ðëåõñÜ

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áé

ç åîáðÜôçó

ç

ôùí ïìïãåí

þíÓÅË. 19-28, 53-62

ÓÅË. 66, 67

Áðü ôç óôÞëç ôïõ �Ôá âáñýôåñá ôïõ íüìïõ� (óåë. 3) ï

Óåâáóìéþôáôïò Áñ÷éåðßóêïðïò Áõóôñáëßáò ê.ê. Óôõëéáíüò,

äéåñùôÜôáé Ýùò ðüôå èá äáðáíþíôáé áíÜëãçôá êáé êõñéïëå-

êôéêÜ «åéò ôïí áÝñá» ôåñÜóôéá ðïóÜ áðü ôï ÕÐÅÎ ÅëëÜäïò

ãéá ôá êåíüäïîá «ðñïãñÜììáôá» ôïõ ëåãüìåíïõ «ÓÁÅ Ùêåá-

íßáò» êáé õðåíèõìßæåé ãéá ìéá áêüìç öïñÜ, üôé ç ÉåñÜ Áñ÷éå-

ðéóêïðÞ Áõóôñáëßáò êáô� åðáíÜëçøç Ý÷åé êáôáããåßëåé åã-

ãñÜöùò êáé õðåõèýíùò, üôé ôï åí ëüãù ó÷Þìá åßíáé ôåëåßùò

øåõäþíõìï ãéáôß ìÞôå ôïõò Ïìïãåíåßò åêðñïóùðåß ìÞôå ôá

óõìöÝñïíôÜ ôùí õðçñåôåß êáè� ïéïíäÞðïôå ôñüðï. Áõôüò åß-

íáé ï ëüãïò ðïõ áðáñ÷Þò ôï åí ëüãù åî Áèçíþí êáôåõèõíü-

ìåíï ó÷Þìá Ý÷åé ÷áñáêôçñéóèåß áðü ôïí õðïãñÜöïíôá ùò

«ìÝãá øåýäïò» êáé «ìåãÜëç áðÜôç».

ÐáíçãõñéêÞ åðéâåâáßùóç ôçò áëÞèåéáò áõôþí ôùí ðéêñþí

êáôáããåëéþí áðïôåëåß êáé ç ðñüóöáôç èñáóýôáôç öéÝóôá

ðïõ ç ÃåíéêÞ Ãñáììáôåßá Áðüäçìïõ Åëëçíéóìïý (ê. Ä. Äüë-

ëçò) ùñãÜíùóå ôçí ôåëåõôáßá åâäïìÜäá ôïõ Óåðôåìâñßïõ

óôçí Ìåëâïýñíç ìå ôïí âáñýãäïõðï ôßôëï «ÏëõìðéáêÞ Ðï-

ëéôéóôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá», ðïõ ÷áñáêôçñßæåôáé áðü ôïí

Áñ÷éåðßóêïðï ùò �áíåêäéÞãçôïò á÷ôáñìÜò�.

ÄÉÁÂÁÓÔÅ ÔÏ ÐËÇÑÅÓ ÊÅÉÌÅÍÏ ÓÔÇ ÓÅË. 3

ÂÁÑÕÓÇÌÁÍÔÏ ÁÑÈÑÏ ÔÏÕ ÁÑ×ÉÅÐÉÓÊÏÐÏÕ ÁÕÓÔÑÁËÉÁÓ

Äýï êáõôÜ åñùôÞìáôá

åê ôùí õóôÝñùí ãéá ôçí öéÝóôá

Ó÷åôéêÜ ìå ôçí ðñüóöáôç èñáóý-

ôáôç öéÝóôá ðïõ ç Ã. Ã. Áðüäçìïõ

Åëëçíéóìïý oñãÜíùóå ôçí ôåëåõ-

ôáßá åâäïìÜäá ôïõ Óåðôåìâñßïõ

óôçí Ìåëâïýñíç, ìå ôïí âáñý-

ãäïõðï ôßôëï «ÏëõìðéáêÞ Ðïëéôé-

óôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá», ôï ÂÇÌÁ õðï-

âÜëëåé ôá áêüëïõèá äýï êáõôÜ å-

ñùôÞìáôá:

ÐÑÙÔÏÍ, ðþò åßíáé äõíáôüí íá é-

ó÷õñßæåôáé ôï ÓÁÅ üôé äåí ðåñéëáì-

âÜíåé Ó÷éóìáôéêïýò, êáé ðáñÜ ôáý-

ôá óõíåñãáæüôáí óå üëá ôá ðñï-

ãñÜììáôá ôçò öéÝóôáò �ÏëõìðéáêÞ

ÐïëéôéóôéêÞ ÅâäïìÜäá� ìå ôïõò åê-

ðñüóùðïò ôùí Ó÷éóìáôéêþí Êïéíï-

ôÞôùí Óýäíåû êáé Áäåëáúäáò, ðñï-

êëçôéêüôáôá ìÜëéóôá;

ÄÅÕÔÅÑÏÍ, ðþò éó÷õñßæåôáé ôï

ÐáíåðéóôÞìéï Áèçíþí êáé ï Èåï-

ëüãïò- õðïôßèåôáé- ê. Ãñçãüñçò

ÓôÜèçò, üôé ç ÷ïñùäßá ôïõ �Ìáú-

óôïñåò� äåí åß÷áí êáììßá ó÷Ýóç ìå

ôï Ó÷ßóìá, óå Óýäíåû êáé Áäåëáúäá,

üôáí áíïéêôÜ óõíåñãÜóôçêå ìáæß

ôïõò, üðùò êáé ìå êÜèå áíôéöñï-

íïýíôá ðñïò ôçí åäþ ÊáíïíéêÞ Åê-

êëçóßá êáé Áñ÷éåðéóêïðÞ, áðëþò

êáé ìüíï ãéá ôá áñãýñéá;TO BHMA

VEMAThe voice of truth


The celebration of the Olympic Games in antiquity wasan occasion for citizens of scattered Greek city-states toassemble. At the Games they discussed important politi-cal issues, celebrated common military victories and evenformed political and military alliances. But the Games were not only a forum in which to discusspolitical events; they were also the cause of political con-flict. Control of the Sanctuary and the Games broughtwith it prestige, economic advantages and, most impor-tantly, political influence. As early as the 7th century BCwe hear of disputes over the control of the Sanctuary ofZeus at Olympia between the city of Elis (30 miles to thenorth) and the small neighboring town of Pisa.

In 665 BC, according to Pausanias (a 2nd century ADGreek traveler), the powerful tyrant of Argos (namedPheidon) was asked by the town of Pisa to capture theSanctuary of Zeus from the city-state of Elis. Pheidon,with his army of well-trained hoplites (armed soldiers),marched across the Peloponnesos, secured the Sanctuaryfor the town of Pisa, and personally presided over theconduct of the games. But Pisa�s control of the Sanctuarywas brief: by the next year Elis had regained control.

The Olympic Truce was instituted by the city-state of Elisto protect against military incursions which interruptedthe Games. Every four years, special heralds from Eliswere sent out to all corners of the Greek world toannounce the approaching Olympic festival and games.Along with this news, they would announce the OlympicTruce, which protected athletes, visitors, spectators andofficial embassies who came to the festival from becom-ing involved in local conflicts. Any violation of the Olympic Truce was punishable by asubstantial fine to Olympian Zeus.

Perhaps the most notable example of a military incidentoccuring during the ancient Olympic Games was in 364BC. In that year, Elis had again lost control of the Sanc-tuary of Zeus to the neighboring town of Pisa which wasdirecting the festival and the Olympic Games. Elis choseprecisely this time to attack the Sanctuary of Zeus.Xenophon, a contemporary 4th century historian, givesus a firsthand account of the situation:

The horse race had been completed, as well as the eventsof the pentathlon which were held in the dromos. Thefinalists of the pentathlon who had qualified for thewrestling event were competing in the space between thedromos and the altar... The attacking Eleans pursued theallied enemy... The allied forces fought from the roofs ofthe porticos... while the Eleans defended themselves fromground level. �Hellenica What followed was a day-longbattle involving thousands of soldiers. Although Elis eventually regained control of the sanc-turary, the Olympic Games of 364 BC lost their legitima-cy as far as the Eleans were concerned since the Sanctu-ary had been in the hands of the Pisans during the festi-val. Later, political tyrants of the 7th and 6th centuries BCattempted to achieve influence by more peaceful means.They participated in the athletic and equestrian contestsof the Olympic Games and dedicated conspicuously lav-ish offerings to Olympian Zeus at the site of the games.

How political were the ancient Olympics? You decide!

Historical...

Towards 2004DID YOU KNOW? In ancient Olympics, dolichos was adistance race varying from place toplace, generally 12 to 24 lengths of thestadion (ca. 1.5 to 3 miles)

The ATHENS 2004 TicketingStrategy and pricing policy waspresented by ATHOC andapproved by the InternationalOlympic Committee�s ExecutiveBoard. Vema presents the funda-mental principles of theATHENS 2004 Ticketing Pro-gram are the following:

The ATHENS 2004 Ticketing Pro-gramme has as an objective to make thetickets to Olympic events accessible to allthrough the use of the most advancedtechnology. These will ensure fair, effec-tive, reliable and user-friendly sales andticket distribution methods.In the ATHENS 2004 Ticketing Pro-gramme:* There are no free tickets or invitations,and * The public will have access to purchasetickets for every sports-session and forevery price category

The program has been developed basedon the following facts:❒ 17 days of Olympic Games ❒ 28 Olympic Sports ❒ 37 Competition Venues ❒ 5,300,000 tickets available for sale and ❒ �183,000,000 as a ticket sales revenuetarget for ATHENS 2004

Ticket Sales

The ticket sales process for the public willbegin on May 12, 2003 (simultaneouslyin all countries around the world)In accordance with the European Com-munity Legislation, all residents of theEuropean Union (EU) and the EuropeanEconomic Area ( EEA) have equal rightsin purchasing tickets for the OlympicGames. All EU and EEA residents will be able toorder tickets directly from the ATHENS2004 Organizing Committee of theOlympic Games via the ATHENS 2004internet site or via the Alpha Bank Spon-sor outlet network (in Greece), or throughany National Olympic Committee (NOC)of the EU or EEA (except for the HellenicOlympic Committee), or through the rele-vant NOC Official Ticket Agent.

Residents outside the EU and the EEAcan purchase their tickets from theNational Olympic Committee of theircountry or through the relevant NOCOfficial Ticket Agent.

In the case(s) where demand exceeds sup-ply of available tickets, a random selec-tion-awarding process will be heldthrough a ticketing-system software. Theticketing system software ensures that therandom selection is fair, transparent andreliable. A similar random selectionprocess, was used during the past 3Olympic Games (Atlanta 1996, Sydney2000 and Salt Lake City 2002) and inother major sporting events such as the2002 Commonwealth Games. Random selection has proven to be themost objective and fair process, that gives

equal chances of obtaining tickets to allcustomers.

Note: The random selection process willbe used for the EU and EEA public ticketrequests, which will be placed directly toATHENS 2004 through the ATHENS2004 internet site or the Alpha Bank net-work. All National Olympic Committeesare allowed to follow their own ticketallocation system according to the num-ber of tickets that they are eligible to pur-chase.

In April 2003, ATHENS 2004 will dis-tribute, free of charge, the �Official Tick-et Sales Guide� that will include the Tick-et Order Form, the detailed sport compe-tition schedule, ticket prices and all thenecessary information for ticket ordering.The same information will also be avail-able on the Internet via the ATHENS2004 web site. Starting on April 2003 and up untilGames-time, the Ticketing Call Centerwill be in operation for customer serviceinquires and assistance.

Based on ATHENS 2004 contractualobligations (as stated in the Host CityContract and the Olympic Charter),ATHENS 2004 also sells tickets to Spon-sors, National Olympic Committees,International Federations, BroadcastRight Holders and the InternationalOlympic Committee.

Tickets have been set aside for all of theabove contractual customer groups.These tickets will be used for their hos-pitability programs, sponsor distributionand other sales programs.The above contractual customer groupsdo not have a right to purchase ticketsfrom the ticket quota which has been heldaside for the public alone. Tickets that arereturned from the contractual customerswill be made available to the public assoon as they are returned.

Ticket Types

There will be three types of tickets:

Individual Tickets that correspond to aspecific day and sports-session, Ticket Combinations that include severaltickets for the same or different sports, onconsecutive days, and Ticket Packages, which will be availablein a limited number and will include tick-ets for the most popular sports and in pre-mium seats at the competition venues.Both the Ticket Combinations as well asthe Individual tickets will be sold at ticketface value. The price for the Ticket Pack-ages will be predetermined and willexceed the face value of the tickets thatthey include. Lastly, if demand exceedssupply of tickets, there will be a randomselection process for all three types of theabove mentioned tickets.

Prices

The principal objective of the ATHENS2004 Organising Committee is to give asmany people as possible the opportunityto participate in the unique experience ofthe Olympic Games. For this reason a wide price range for allSports and Ceremonies has been estab-lished.This has been based on sport popularityand the phase of the competition (prelim-inaries, quarterfinals, semi-finals andfinals).Out of the 5,300,000 tickets available forsale:* 3,600,000 tickets which represent 68%of the total will cost up to 30 euros* 2,900,000 tickets which represent 55%of the total will cost up to 20 euros* 2,000,000 tickets which represent 38%of the total will cost 10 or 15 euros* The Sport ticket prices range from 10 to300 euros* The Ceremony ticket prices range from50 to 950 euros* The average ATHENS 2004 ticket priceis 34% cheaper than the average Sydneyticket price

All tickets for the ATHENS 2004Olympic Games include free transporta-tion cost to and from the CompetitionVenues via public transport.

�Athens 2004� tickets 34% cheaper than Sydney

ATHENS 2004 Executive Director Mr Marton Simitsek (c), General Manager forMarketing Mr George Bolos (r), and Ticketing Manager Mrs MaryManolopoulou (l), at the presentation of the Ticketing Programme

The Political Importance of the Olympic Games

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116121

SportsDID YOU KNOW? Fishing is the biggest par-ticipant sports in the world. Soccer is themost attended or watched sport in the worldBoxing became a legal sport in 1901. Morethan 100 million people hold huntinglicences.

AUSTRALIAN SOCCER NEWS!By Phillip Fourlas

EARLY CHRISTMAS PRESENT FOR S.A.!

Soccer Australia received an early Christmaspresent last year, with the news of Oceaniareceiving direct qualification to the 2006World Cup to be held in Germany.People have speculated for years, if soccerwas to go forward in this country it wouldneed to qualify and play in the World Cup.That chance now seems to have arrivedthrough direct qualification, and all of suddenAustralian football is on the map.It wasn�t that long ago Australia could notfind an opponent to play against, but that nowhas all changed. Australia are about to make history when theyplay England in an International friendly onFebruary 12th at Upton Park.From then on, the news only seem to be get-ting better with the possibility Harry Kewelland Mark Viduka playing in a full-strengthSocceroos side to take onUruguay at theMCG during the AFL�s mid-season break inJune.The Victorian Major Events Company hasbeen approached by a promoter to stage arevenge match against Uruguay as part of theSocceroos� program being planned by SoccerAustralia. �We�re aware of a planned tour by Uruguayin June and we would be interested in a gamehere (in Melbourne), but nothing formal has

been proposed at this stage and we�vereferred the promoter to Soccer Australia,� acompany source said. A two-match tour by Uruguay was discussedby Soccer Australia�s board at a meeting inSydney on the weekend. It also established a sub-committee to dealwith Australia�s international program lead-ing up to the 2006 World Cup. Soccer Australia also has been offered amatch against Yugoslavia in Belgrade inMarch, matches against Mexico in New Yorkand Nigeria in London, and the two-matchtour by Uruguay in June. Soccer Australia�sinternational sub-committee, which willincludes Socceroos coach Frank Farina, willmeet at the end of this month to spell out thecalendar.What ever outcome happens from the inter-national football calendar, the one thing that

stands out, is that Australian football is backon the map.

SYDNEY UNITED FINED!

Sydney United have been fined $15,000 andplaced on a two-year, $25,000 good behav-iour bond after crowd trouble in their NSLmatch against Newcastle Unitedlast month.One man suffered a broken jaw and two secu-rity guards sustained minor injuries afterUnited fans were involved in a brawl duringthe game at EnergyAustralia Stadium inNewcastle on December 20.Up to 20 flares and firecrackers were also setoff and the match was delayed for 10 minuteswhile order was restored.Newcastle were also fined $2,500 for failingto take adequate security measures.Soccer Australia�s board announced thepenalty after a review of the incident by aboard of inquiry.

MARCONI SACK BLANCO!

Raul Blanco has been sacked as coach ofstruggling National Soccer League club, theMarconi Stallions. The Marconi board made the tough decisiondue to the club�s woeful form this seasonwhich sees them rooted to last place with justthree wins so far this season.�We expected better results,� Marconi presi-dent Tony Campolongo told The Daily Tele-graph. �We have always been amongst the leaders in

soccer.� Marconi football manager Rale Rasic, whocoached Australia to its only World Cupappearance in 1974, will take over as headcoach starting with Friday night�s home clashwith the Melbourne Knights. �We believe that he�ll (Rasic) turn it allaround for us,� Campolongo added. Blanco, who had been at the helm of thefamous Sydney club for just over two yearshaving previously lost his position as coach ofthe Australian Olympic team, was stunned behis axing.

ADELAIDE SIGN ACEVSKI!

New Adelaide City signing, goalkeeperLupce Acevski says he doesn�t expect to behanded the No1 jersey immediately.Acevski had agreed to terms with Adelaideafter Zoran Matic moved for the NorthernSpirit keeper in a bid to bring more experi-ence to his defence.

But Acevski knows he has a battle to dislodge20 year-old keeper David Scarsella, who wasoutstanding in last weekend�s 1-1 drawagainst Parramatta.�I know I will have to fight for a placebecause you just can�t walk into the team,� hetold The Vema.�You have to prove yourself and show youdeserve the spot.�Meanwhile, Matic is also negotiating termswith another potential recruit, though refusesto name the player in question.

IOC president calls Athens' progress 'outstanding'

Once threatened with losing the2004 Games, Athens Olympicorganisers were lauded by IOCpresident Jacques Rogge for "out-standing and evident" progress.Rogge is in Athens to present the2004 torch and review prepara-tions 19 months before theOlympics. He is accompanied byDenis Oswald, head of the IOCcoordination team for Athens, andGilbert Felli, the IOC sports direc-tor.Rogge held Oswald's job before hewas elected IOC president in mid-2001. At the time, his visits toAthens were marked by frustrationover delays. The situation grew sobad by 2000 that the IOC warned that Athenscould be in danger of having the games takenaway."I am glad to tell you the progress is outstand-ing and evident," Rogge said. "Now we see theconstruction really emerging out of all the dif-ferent places."Rogge and chief 2004 organiser GiannaAngelopoulos-Daskalaki took a helicoptertour of most of the Olympic venues, many ofwhich have faced years of bureaucratic delays."We see a great momentum," Rogge said. "Ofcourse, the deadlines are tight. There is some-thing unique in the Olympic Games: It is thatyou never change the date and the hour of theopening ceremony.""If you are to launch a space shuttle, you candelay for a day, for a week, for a month," headded. "Mrs Angelopoulos does not have thatluxury."Some problems persist, with security topping

the list. The government has notyet approved a long-delayed$US400 million ($A686.81million) security contract.Angelopoulos-Daskalaki saidsecurity equipment needs to betested and personnel must betrained before it is ready for theOlympics.Athens plans to spend morethan $US600 million ($A1.03billion) for security, for manyOlympics a top priority that hasassumed even greater urgencyfollowing the Sept. 11 attacks.Oswald said he discussed thesecurity contract with PremierCostas Simitis on Monday.

"The prime minister gave us assurance thatthis contract will be signed very very soon,"Oswald said.Oswald also said the government assured theIOC that equipment needed for transportationprojects will be delivered on time.Plans to build a domelike roof on the mainOlympic complex may also proceed, Oswaldsaid. It has been uncertain if there is enoughtime remaining to build it. He said a final deci-sion will be made in April."All indications we have show that this shouldbe completed on time and would a very stronglegacy to the city," Oswald said.Another concern, he added, was the renova-tion of Karaeskaki stadium in Piraeus that willhost all the soccer games in Athens and themen and women's final. The governmentpromised construction would begin by Jan. 10,but later pushed it back to Feb. 15.

AP

IOC president JacquesRogge

SPORTSThe Greek Australian VEMA

Sharks, Glory cementtop two spots

Star quits AEK as gloom persists over Greek game

Masuoka clinches victoryJapan�s Hiroshi Masuoka clinched victory, in his Mitsubishi in theautos section of the Dakar Rally for his second straight win after the17th and final stage, essentially a 56km lap of honour.The 42-year-old Masuoka won four stages in the 25th edition of therace, making it 21 stage wins in all since he first set out on the Dakartrail in 1987.For Mitsubishi it was their eighth triumph - a record in the fourwheels history of the event.

Star striker Demis Nikolaidis abruptlyended his seven-year career at AEKAthens after claiming he was attackedby the club�s maverick boss MakisPsomiadis.The 29-year-old Greek internationalfiled a lawsuit against Psomiadis andsaid he would no longer participate inclub training sessions or activities.He alleged he was assaulted on Tuesdaynight and received threats against hislife as the club boss personally checkedup on players suspected of sleepinglate.�Psomiadis is destroying my careerand destroying my team,� Nikolaidissaid, flanked by two bodyguards. �As afootballer and as a person I cannotaccept any dealings with him.�It was the latest sign of crisis in Greek

soccer, already mired by financial cri-sis, fan violence, and lingering allega-tions of corruption.�To threaten the life of a soccer player... This is the worst incident I have everheard of since I first became involvedin soccer,� said sports minister GiorgosLianis, himself a former footballer.The famously brash and cigar-smokingPsomiadis is appealing a 12-yearforgery conviction and has beenbanned from leaving the country.Nikolaidis is currently Greece�s sec-ond-highest scorer with eight goalsfrom 14 league games.Nikolaidis - who has an AEK tattoo onhis left shoulder - did not announce hisimmediate plans but is likely to join agrowing list of players seeking an exitfrom the Greek league.

Clubs are still suffering the conse-quences from September�s collapse ofthe Alpha digital pay-TV channel,which cost them an estimated 35 mil-lion euro ($A63 million) in annual rev-enue.Greek soccer - widely viewed as theplayground of unscrupulous business-men - has been frequently plagued byallegations of corruption and matchrigging, despite repeated governmentattempts to clean up the sport.Efforts to tackle violence have alsofailed to stop frequent outbreaks oftrouble. Three fans were stabbed andhospitalised Sunday during a gamebetween archrivals Olympiakos andPanathinaikos.

AP

Boxing - thefamily sport ?

Boxing will never attemptto promote itself as a fami-ly-friendly sport but forKostya Tszyu and JamesLeija this day was moreabout kin than king-hits.Tszyu said he would neverforget January 19, 2003, notjust because of the 28,000crowd that attended his pro-fessional homecoming, butfor reasons closer to heartand home.It was the fifth birthday ofhis son Nikita, and also the first time that eight-year-oldTimophey had attended one of his fights.Timophey was not just a part of the crowd either, stridingalongside Kostya�s father Boris, holding aloft one of hisfather�s championship belts as he led him into the ring.After Tszyu retained his title, he reached for Timophey,giving him a kiss as he held him high in centre-ring as thecrowd roared.�My father asked him before the fight Àre you nervous�and he said `No, I�m not�,� Tszyu said.�He is very aware of boxing, he knows all the trainers, heknows everybody, and he felt very comfortable.�It�s also (Nikita�s) birthday, how can I forget this day?It�s a good present for him.�My life is an example to my kids, I try to live my life ina way I want my kids to live.�Tszyu�s relationship with his constantly present fatherwas also close, despite a mishap that the championreflected on today when asked how he injured Leija witha seemingly innocuous blow.�When I was three years old, I dislocated my father�s jaw- I just hit him on the chin,� Tszyu said.Leija too had family on his mind after the bout, not onlybecause it was his father and former amateur champJesse who stopped the fight to prevent him suffering toomuch.�Right now I just want to go home and see my kids,�Leija said when asked about his future.�I�ve been away from them for a couple of weeks, andI�ve never been away from them for more than a coupleof days.�

AAP

Demis Nikolaidis

Perth Glory virtually guaranteed itself and the OlympicSharks the top two spots going into the national soccerleague finals, beating third-placed South Melbourne 2-0 atthe weekend.Goals to Andre Gumprecht and Bobby Despotovski gavePerth victory at home, putting it 13 points clear of SouthMelbourne with seven regular season matches remaining.For the Glory, victory over South was the insurance policyit needed, with a Soccer Australia hearing on February 4likely to dock them three points for playing an unregisteredplayer in the club�s opening match of the season.Second-placed Olympic is now two points behind the Gloryand 11 clear of South after snapping a two-match losingstreak with a 1-0 win over the Football Kingz on Saturdaynight.Prolific striker Ante Milicic scored the only goal in the 68thminute.The top two sides going into the 10-week home-and-awayfinals mini-league starting in March get bonus points fortheir regular season efforts.Fourth-placed Newcastle snatched a late penalty for a 2-2draw with Wollongong, while fifth-placed Adelaide Cityended the Brisbane Strikers� eight-match unbeaten run witha 1-0 home win on Friday night.But the big losers of the weekend were the MelbourneKnights, who were hammered 4-0 by Parramatta Power atKnights Stadium.The Power is now clear in the sixth and final playoff spot,three points ahead of Wollongong and Brisbane.The Knights now sit third-bottom after a display player-coach Andrew Marth described as the club�s worst in morethan a decade.�I think it�s the worst performance by the Knights in aboutthe 13 years that I�ve been at the club,� said Marth, a dualchampionship winner with the Knights.�We were totally embarrassing for 80 minutes.�It reminded me of a training drill on a Friday night beforea game. It was pathetic.�John Buonavoglia scored twice for the Power, with BradMaloney and Pablo Cardozo completing the rout.Marth�s assistant Luciano Trani was fired midweek after theKnights� recent poor run of form, with Marth now facing a

nervous week to see if the club�s board sends him packingas well.Northern Spirit climbed off the bottom of the ladder with a1-0 win over Sydney United at North Sydney Oval, with asecond half Noel Spencer goal the decider.Marconi Stallions had the bye this week and will face thePower at Parramatta Stadium on Sunday night.

AAP

Prolific striker Ante Milicic scored the only goal forOlympic Sharks

K. Tszyu and J. Leija

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