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1) / A Sear^çh For My^itigle Perlod [çlt les In Three Delta Scut! Stars . by 0 Laureen G. Reed , June.I 986 ' A thesis submitted as, partial requirement for the degree of Master of Science <A'trtrrt) n o my ) , v-! Saint Mary's University . . . • Hal t f ax , ; N . S . ^
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Page 1: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

1)

/A Sea r ^çh F o r M y ^ i t i g l e P e r l o d [ ç l t l e s

I n T h r e e D e l t a S c u t ! S t a r s

. by

0 L a u r e e n G. Re e d , J u n e . I 986 '

A t h e s i s s u b m i t t e d as, p a r t i a l

r e q u i r e m e n t f o r t h e d e g r e e o f

M a s t e r o f S c i e n c e < A'trtrrt) n o m y ) , v-!

S a i n t M a r y ' s U n i v e r s i t y. . .

• Ha l t f ax , ; N . S . ^

Page 2: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

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P e r m i s s i o n h a s b e e n ' g r a n t e c i t o t h e N a t i o n a l L i b r a r y o t C a n a d a t o m i c r o f i l m t h i s t h e s i s . and t o I d n d o r s e l l c o p i e s o f t h e f i l m .

• ' i ' he 'au t h b r ,( c o . p y r i g h t o w n e r ) h a s I' e s e r v e d o t h e. t:

■ . pu b 1 i c a t i o n r i g h t s , a n d n e i t h e r t h e t h e s i s n o r e x t e n s i v e e x t r a c t s - f r o m , i t m a y be p r i n t e d o r o t h e r w i s e r e p r o d u c e d w i t h o u t , h i s / h e r w r i t t e n ■ p a r m i s s ■ i o n .

LI a u t o r i s a ’t i O n a S t ë a c c o r d é e cl - l a ■ B i b l i o t h ê . q u o n a t i o n a l e d u C a n a d a d e m i c r o f i l m e r c e - t i t e t h è s e e t d e p r ê t e r ou d e v e n d r e d e s e x e m p l a i r e s du l i l m -

L ' a u t e u r ( t i t u l a i r e d u d r o i t d ' a u t e u r } s e r é s e r v e l e s a u t r e s d r o i t s d e put ) ] i c a t, i o n ; • n i l a t h è s e n i d e I o n y s e X t - r a i t s d e « c e l l e - c i n e d o pv e u t e t r e i m p r i m 5 s' o u, a u t r e m e n t r e p r o d u i t s s a n s s o n ' a u t o r i s a t i o n é c r i t e .

ISBN W - 3 1 5 - 3 1 0 5 3 - 7

Page 3: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

T a b i c o f ' C o n t e n t a

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1. The D e l t a S c u t ^ P h e n o m e n o n _2. B a c k g r o u n d o n t h e T h r e e C h o s e n P r o g r a m S t a r s

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Q h ' à E t a C - i i i i . D^ata R e d u c t i o n P r o c e d u r e s . .................. . . . . 27-

1. The J u r k e v i c h M e t h o d o f P e r i o d S e a r c h i n g '2.. S w l n g l e r ' s M o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e J u r k e v i c h M e t h o d3. The N o n - 11 n e a r L e a s t S q u a r e s F i t t i n g T e c h n i q u e

Qh â E i S . C_ l Vi The P e r i o d , S e a r c h e s a n d T h e i r ' R e s u l t s ................ , 4 3 .

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Page 5: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s

« I w o u l d l i k e , (to t h a n k my s u p e r v i s o r . D r . ' G a r y We l c h^

f o r b e l i e v i n g t h a t , d e s p i t e a l l o b s t a c l e s ( a n d t h e r e w e r e '

. m a n y ! ) . I; w o u l d e v e n t u a l l y s i t down a n d w r i t e t h i s t h e s i s .

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G a r y Col , I I n s ' a b o u t ' p e r i o d s e a r c h t e c h n i q u e s h e l p e d

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h i s e x p e r t i s e on t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f ' m y r e s u l t s . , T h a n k s go

a l s o t o D r . A r t Ho a g a n d t h e s t a f f o f L o w e l l O b s e r v a t o r y

f o r p r o v i d i n g t h e o b s e r v I n g t i m e , a n d t o B i l l ' A l l w r l g h t , ,

who l e n t h f s e a r s o v e r t h e y e a r s mo r e 1 1 mes t . h a n I c a n

r e m e m b e r . The Co mme n t s - o f t h e e „ x a ml n l n g c o m m i t t e e w e r e

a l s o v e r y h e l p f u l . I am g r a t e f u l a l s o t o my f a m i l y f o r

■ g i v i n g me'‘ l o t s o f l o v e , a d v i c e a n d m o r a l s u p p o r t a l o n g t h e

way, e s p e c i a l l y d u r i n g t h o s e t i m e s . ( a n d t h e r e w e r e a f e w ! )

when t h e l i g h t a t t h e e n d o f - , t h e • t u n h e l . s e e m e d t o

d i s a p p e a r . P l n à l l y , a s p e c i a l t h a n k - y o u t o my h u s b a n d . Dr .

B. Ca me r o n , R e e d , f o r e n c o u r a g e m e n t , l o v e , c r i t i c i s m , a n d

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New p h o t o e l e c t r i c p h o t o m e t r y a n d p e r i o d s e a r c h e s - a r e %

p r e s e n t e d f o r t h r e e n o r t h e r n d e l t a S c u t 1 v a r i a b l e s : LT

V u l p e c u l a e , V 1 2 0 8 • A q u 11a e , a n d 63 H e r c u l l s . I n p a s t w o r k ,

t wo o f t h e s e t h r e e . s t a r s w e r e s h o wn t o e x h i b i t s i n g l e -

p e r i o d , h I g h - f r e q u e . n c y , 1 ô w - a mp l I t u d e v a r i a t i o n s , w i t h

V I 208 Aql p u l s a t i n g w i t h a t " l e a s t t wo p e r i o d s . S w l n g l e r ' s .

( 1 9 8 5 ) m o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e J u r k e v i c h ( 1 9 7 1 ) p e r i o d s e a r c h

t e c h n i q u e h a s b e e n u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h a t t h e t h r e e p r o g r a m

s t a r s a p p e a r t o be p u l s a t i n g w i t h a t l e a s t f o u r , t h r e e a n d '

t h r e e p e r 1 ods_, / r e s p e c t 1 ve 1 y . , ■ ' ■

Page 7: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

L i & t Q-i E l g y p & a

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.HR D. la' grai*

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■ D I a g r a i * '

1 1 . 3 . 1 . E x t i n c t i o n In V f o r t h e N i g h t o f J u n e .28--/^.9 ; 1983

1 1 . 3 . 2 . D i f f e r e n t i a l P h o t o m e t r y o f LT Vul

I I . 3 . 3 - D i f f e r e n t i a l P h o t o m e t r y , o f VI 2 0 8 Aql

I I . ' 3. 4. D I f f e r e n t I a I t P h o t ome t r y o f 63 H e r

I I I . 1 . 1 . U n m o d i f i e d J u r k e v i c h F r e q u e n c y D i a g r a m f o r O n e -

g i n e A r t i f i c i a l D a t a \ _ . . ..

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A r t i f i c i a l D a t a

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Page 8: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

I V. t . 4 . F r e q u e n c y D l a g V a » o f 6 3 H e r D a t a P r e w h l t e n c d by

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b y F , F , a n d F 'A B , C

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F , a n d F . •A B

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Page 9: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

\ ' ' .* L i a i a i ï a b l s B

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f o r t h e S t a n d a r d S t a r P h o t o m e t r y . •' • ■ • - y '

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1 1 . 2 . 3 . U n c e r t a i n t y I n M a g n i t u d e s Due, t o S h o t N o i s e

1 1 . 2 . 4 . C o m p a r i s o n a n d C h e c k S t a r RMS, D e v 1 a t i o n s

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Page 10: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

"A s t a r l o o k s down a t me And s a y s ; ' H e r e I a n d y o u j S t a n d , e a c h In o u r d e g r e e ; ) , Wha t do you mean t o d o ? ' " /

f r o m W a i t i n g B o t h , s t Th o ma s H a r d y ( 1 8 4 0 - 1 9 2 0 )

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Page 11: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

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v a r i a b l e s t a r s r e s I d i n g on t h e l ow l u m i n o s i t y e x t e n s i o n o f

t h e C e p h e l d I n s t a b i l i t y s t r i p . T h e y ' r a n g e i n l u m i n o s i t y

f r o m a b o u t 2 . 5 m a g n i t u d e s a b o v e Æhe ' P o p u l a t i o n I m a i n

s e q u e n c e t o j u s t b e l o w I t ( B r e g e r 1 9 7 9 ) . F i g u r e ' 1 . 1 . 1 . .

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o f o b s e r v i n g t i m e a r e n e c e s s a r y t o a c c u r a t e l y d e t e r m i n e . a

g i v e n s t a r ' s p u l s a t i o n a l p a r a m e t e r s .

F r o m . f u n d a m e n t a l ( P ) a n d . o v e r t o n e (P , P0 - . ' 1 . 2 .

p e r i o d s , i n f o r m a t i o n may be g l e a n e d a b o u t t h e s t r u c t u r e a n d

c o m p o s i t i o n o f (S' - S c u t I s t a r s ' . F o r e x a n i p l e , t h e p e r i o d

r a t i o P / P p r o v i d e s a d i me.ns I o n l e s s r e d d e n i n g a n d . 1 0 . ' ■ ' • / - ■.

d 1 s t a n c e - i n d e p e n . d e n t n u m b e r w h i c h , I f d e t e r m i n e d a c c u r a t e l y

e n o u g h , c o u l d be u s e d i n . c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h s t e l l a r m o d e l s t o

c o n s t r u c t a p e r i o d r a t i o , v e r s u s ma s s . r e l a t i o n . ■ T h u s , i f

a c c u r a t e ( t o w i t h i n one p e r c e n t ) p e r i o d . r a t ! o s c o u l d be

d e t e r m i n e d - p h o t o me t r i c a l 1 y , t h e y c o u l d .be i n d i c a t o r s o f

s t e l l a r , ma s s ( A n d r e a s e n e t a l , 1 9 8 3 ; . A n d r e a s e n 1 9 8 3 ) .

U n f o r t u n a t e l y ; ’ i n s u f f i c i e n t d a t a o r d a t a w i t h l a r g e t i me

g a p s ' t e n d t o y i e l d m i s l e a d i n g r e s u l t s f o r p e r i o d s a n d ,

h e n c e , ' pe r 1 o d r a t i o ' s no m a t t e r w h a t p e r i o d s e a r c h , t e c h n ! que■■ / ■ ’ ' . . T

I s u s e d . T h e r e f o r e , ^ a n u mb e r , a f v e r y a c c u r a t e l y d e t e r m i n e d

p e r i o d r a t i o s w i l l be n e c e s s a r y b e f o r e t h e a p p r o p r i a t e'f '

s f o . l l a r m o d e l s c a n be 1 e c t e d . M a s s - I n d e p e n d e n t p u l s a t i o n

c o n s t a n t s , .'' \ ' / '

Page 17: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

' Q = p J p - , ( 1 >■ . _ n ■ n ' ' . - . ; '

wh e r e P = p e r i o d , p. = mean s t e l l a r , d e n s 1 t y r e l a t i v e ; t o

s o l a r d e n s i t y , a n d n = p e r i o d i c i t y o r d e r , c a n a l s o be

c a l c u l a t e d f o r ' ' - S c u t ! s t a r s g i v e n me a n s t e l l a r

d e n s i t i e s p r e v i o u s l y d e t e r m i n e d f r o m . m o d e l s ; t h e o r e t i c a l Q' • s ■ ■ ' -n

v e r s u s l o g P '' d i a g r a m s s h o w r e a s o n a b l e a g r e e m e n t w i t h • n . •

e.mp 1 r 1 c a l v a l u e s .

2. B a c k g r o u n d on t h e T h r e e C h o s e n P r o g r a m S t a r s ■

\ ^f t l l t h r e e s t a r s I n t h e p r e s e n t p r o g r a m w e r e f i r s t

o b s e r v e d by B r e g e r ( 19 6 9 ) a s p a r t o f a t w o - y e a r s e a r c h

' f o r <Ç - S c u t l v a r i a b l e s In a s a m p l e o f 3 0 0 A t o F - t y p e

f i e l d a n d c l u s t e r s t a r s ; he r e p o r t e d 16 new s u s p e c t e d cÇ -

S c u t l v a r i a b l e s . T h r e e o f t h e s e , LT V u l , 6 3 H e r , a n d V1208

A q l , a r e t h e . s u b j e c t o f t h i s t h e s i s . . B r e g e r ' s ( 1 9 6 9 )

r e s u l t s a r e s u m m a r I z e d In T a b l e 1 . 2 . 1 .

B r e g e r ' . s ( P96 9 ) d a t a f o r LT Vul a n d 5 3 H e r c o n s i s t . of

o n l y 2 5 ' a n d 50 V - b a n d . o b s e r v a t i o n s t a k e n , r e s p e c t i v e l y ,

o v e r t i m e s o f ~3. ' 5- h o u r s a n d '2 n i g h t s s e p a r a t e d b y 4 d a y s .

S i n c e h I s o b s e r v â t 1o n s a r e n o t e x t e n s i v e , h i s r e s u l t s , f o r

t h e s e t wo s t a r s a r e b e s t t a k e n a s s t r a r t I n g p o i n t s ' o n l y . •' No

f u r t h e r p ho t o me t r l c ’ wo r k ' h a s b e e n d o n e oh' t h e s e s t a r s t o

q u r k n o w l e d g e , w h i c h ma k e s t h e m g o o d c a n d i d a t e , o b j e c t s f o r

a m u l t I - p e r i o d ' s e a r c h .

V 12 08 Aql was t h e " c e n t r a l o b j e c t ' o f a p h a s e a n d

a m p l i t u d e s t u d y by B r e g e r e t al ^^ ( 1 9 7 6 ) b e c a u s e o f I t s

a p p a r e n t l y u n c o m p l i c a t e d , n a t u r e a n d l a r g e a m p l i t u d e . P e n a

Page 18: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

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Page 19: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

! ■

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F i g u r e I.. 2 . 1 / ' P o s i t i o n s o f t h e t h V e e p r o g r a m s t a r s on t h e

H e r t z s p r u n ' g - R u s s e 11 D i a g r a m . D a s h e d \ l n e s

I n d i c a t e t h e a p p r o x i m a t e b o r d e r s o f t h e

I n s t a b i l i t y s t r i p . - ( A d a p t e d . f rom P e t e r s e n

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Page 21: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

a n d War man ( 1 9 7 9 ) . p e r f o r m e d a m u l t i - p e r i o d a n a l y a I 3 a n dd d

f o u n d p e r i o d s o f 0 . 1 4 0 6 ( 7 . 1 1 2 c y c l e s p e r d a y ) a n d 0 . 1 4 9 7

" ( 6 . 6 7 8 c y / d ) . To o u r k n o w l e d g e , no f u r t h e r p e r l o d - s e a r c h

wo r k h a s b e e n d o n e . f o r V 1208 A q l .

F i g u r e 1 . 2 . 1 . , ' s h o wi n g t h e p o s i t i o n s , o f s e l e c t e d

^ - S c u t l s t a r s on t h e HR d i a g r a m , was p l o t t e d f r o m T a b l e 3.

o f P e t e r s e n a n d J o r g e n s e n ( 1 9 7 2 ) . I n s t a b i l i t y s t r i p ( I S b

b o r d e r s w e r e c a l c u l a t e d f r o m B r e g e r ( 1 9 7 9 ) a n d a r e o n l y

a p p r o x i m a t e . N o t e t h e p o s i t i o n s o f t h e t h r e e p r o ' g r a m

s t a r s . V I 208 A q l , t h e m o s t m a s s i v e o f t h é t h r e e , r e s I d e 5

f a r t h e s t o f f t h e ma i n s e q u e n c e a n d , i s c l o s e s t t o t he . b l u e

e d g e , o f t h e I S . LT Vul i s c l o s e s t t o t h e r e d e d g e o f t h e

IS' , a n d 63 H e r , b e s i d e s b e i n g i n t e r m e d i a t e i n t e m p e r a t u r e ,

i s a l s o t h e l e a s t m a s s i v e a n d h e n c e t h e c l o s e s t t o t h e

ma i n s e q u e n c e . D l s c u ^ ' | i p a o f t h e HR d i a g r a m p o s i t i o n s o f- "N*

t h e t h r e e p r o g r a m s t a r s w i l l c o n t i n u e i n C h a p t e r V.

Page 22: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

Gba&I&C ill Data ôsaüiâiiiSQ and Ezsllmlnary■ R e d u c t 1 on

. E q u i p m e n t Us e d . '

T h r e e m o n t h s o f o b s e r v I n g 1 1 me on t h e 2 4 - I n c h f / ! 3 . 5

Ronnl . e Mo r g a n R e f l e c t o r a t L o w e l l O b s . e r v a t o r y we r e g r a n t e d

In 1 9 8 3 - t o o b t a i n t h e p h o t o e l e c t r i c p h o t o m e t r y f o r t h i s

t h e s i s . ' An e l e c t r i c a l l y p o o l e d , pu 1 s e - c o u n t 1n g , s l n g l e -

' c h a n n e l p h o t o m e t e r ' e q u i p p e d w i t h a p h o t o m u l t i p l i e r • t u b e

(EMI . 6 2 5 6 s / a o p e r a t e d a t —LOOO-vol t s d . c . a n d J o h n s o n UBV

• f i l t e r s was u s e d f o r t h e o b s e r v a t i o n s . The p h o t o m u l t i p l i e r

p u l s e s p a s s e d ' t h r o u g h a n a m p l I f l e r / d i s c r i m i n a t o r (PAR 1 1 2 1 )

a n d w e r e d i s p l a y e d , a f t e r I n t e g r a t i o n t i m e s o f 10 s e c o n d s ,

a s a p h o t o n c o u n t w h i c h was r e c o r d e d o n ' b o t h m a g n e t i c t a p e

c a s s e t t e s a n d p a p e r t a p e b y a m i c r o c o m p u t e r ( H P , 9 8 I 5 A) .

2 . O b s e r v a t i o n s a n d P r e l i m i n a r y R e d u c t i o n

S t a n d a r d s t a r s c h o s e n f r o m I r l a r t e e t a l ^ ( 1 9 6 5 ) ■ and .

C r a w f o r d - e t a l . ( 1 9 7 1 ) w e r e o b s e r v e d l.n a l l t h r e e

b a n d p a s s e s d u r i n g t h e n i g h t s o f May. 2 4 / 2 5 à n d 2 9 / 3 0 , 19 8 3 .

J o h n s o n V - b a n d p h o t o m e t r y o n l y was o b t a i n e d f o r p r o g r a m

o b j e c t s a n d t h e i r c o m p a r i s o n s t a r s on t h e n i g h t s o f J u n e 3--

5 , 11., a n d 1 3 - 1 5 f o r 6 3 H e r , J u n e 1.7 a n d 20 f o r LT Vul a n d

J u n e 2 8 - 2 9 a n d J u l y 4 f o r V I 208 A q l . O n l y on e p r o g r a m s t a r

was mon 1 t o r e d on a g i v e n n i g h t . E a c h O b s e r v a t i o n o f s t a r

o r s k y t h r o u g h a g i v e n f i l t e r c o n s i s t e d o f ,,t h r e e 1 0 - s e c o n d

■ I n t e g r a t i o n s , a n d t h e c o m p u t e r d i s p l a y e d a n d r e c o r d e d t h e '

Page 23: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

a v e r a g e s i g n a l a n d I t s s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n a f t e r t h e t h r e e

I n t e g r a t i o n s w e r e c o m p l e t e . ;

; The . t wo n i g h t s o f s t a n d a r d s t a r p h o t o m e t r y w e r e

r e d u c e d b y h a n d u s i n g t h e m e t h o d s o f H a r d I e < 1 9 6 2 ) .

E x t i n c t i o n ’ c o e f f i c i e n t s a n d t y p i c a l ( o b s e r v e d - s t a n d a r d )

r e s i d u a l s f o r t h e s e t wo n i g h t s a r e g i v e n In T a b l e 1 1 . 2 ' . 1.

The a b n o r m a l l y h i g h e x t i n c t i o n c o e f f i c i e n t s I n a l l t h r e e

c o l o u r s s e e n : h e r e a l s o a p p e a r In t h e r e d u c t i o n o f , t h e

p r o g r a m s t a r d a t a , a n d a r e p r e s u m a b l y d u e t o p a r t i c u l a t e

m a t t e r l e f t . In t h e . E a r t h ^ s a t m o s p h e r e a f t e r e r u p t I o n s o f El

' C h l c h o n In ‘Ma r c h a n d A p r i l , ' 1 9 8 2 . . T h e s e v a l u e s a r e

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h ’ t h o s e o b t a i n e d by o t h e r o b s e r v e r s a t L o w e l l

O b s e r v a t o r y d u r i n g t h e s ame t i m e p e r i o d s . T h i s s t a n d a r d

s t a r p h o t o m e t r y was p e r f o r m e d o n l y a s a c h e c k o f t h e

e q u i p m e n t , t h e s k y ’ c o n d 1t 1o h s , a n d t h e o b s e r v i n g t e c h n i q u e .

No a t t e m p t wa s made t o u s e t h e s t a n d a r d s t a r d a t a t o

t r a n s f o r m t h e p r o g r a m s t a r m a g n i t u d e s t o t h e J o h n s o n

s y s t e m ; ’ I t wa s d e e m e d u n n e c e s s a r y s i n c e . t h e t e c h n i q u e o f

d i f f e r e n t i a l - p h o t o m e t r y ( c f . . S e c t i o n ’ 1 1 . 3 . ) d o e s n o t

r e q u i r e m a g n i t u d e s t r a n s f o r m e d . to a s t a n d a r d p h o t o m e t r i c

s y s t e m - ,

E a c h p r o g r a m s t a r was . o b s e r v e d c o n c u r r e n t 1 y, w i t h t wo

c o m p a r i s o n s t a r ’s d e s i g n a t e d " c o m p a r i s o n " a n d " c h e c k " .

T h e s e w e r e c h o s e n t o be p o s 1t l o n e d w e l 1 w i t h i n h a l f , a

d e g r e e o f t h e v a r i a b l e a n d t o be s i m i l a r t o I t In s p e c t r a l

t y p e a n d V. m a g n i t u d e ( c f . , T a b l e I I . 2 . 2 ' . ) . . O b s e r v a t i o n s o f

LT Vul a n d . 63 H e r w e r e made In t h e s e q u e n c e ( v a r i a b l e .

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Page 24: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

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Page 26: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

c o m p a r i s o n , v a r i a b l e , - c h e c k , v a r i a b l e , c o m p a r i s o n ) . D a t a . '

• f o r V12O0 Aql w e r e ' o b t a 1n e d , 1 n a s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d s e q u e n c e

b e t w e e n c o m p a r i s o n a n d v a r i a b l e , ^ # J t h t h e c h e c k s t a r b e i n g

o b s e r v e d a f t e r e v e r y t e n t h o b s e r v a t i o n o f t h e v a r i a b l e .

The e f f e c t s o f a t m o s p h e r i c e x t i n c t i o n . a r e r e a d i l y

r e m o v e d f r o m t h e d a t a , l e a v i n g s h o t n o i s e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h

t h e r a n d o m a r r i v a l , o f p h o t o n s a s a s o u r c e o f o b s e r v a t i o n a l

u n c e r t a i n t y . A s e r i e s o f m e a s u r e m e n t s made i n a f i x e d t i m e

i n t e r v a l r e s u l t i n g i n a t o t a l o f N p h o t o n s ( w h e r e ,N > 0 ) . i s

e x p e c t e d t o be u n c e r t a i n by N a c c o r d i n g t o P o i s s o n

s t a t i s t i c s ; ■ t h e c o r r e s p o n d Png u n c e r t a i n t y i n m e a s u r e d

m a g n i t u d e i s t h e n g i v e n b y :

m = + 1 ^ 0 8 5 7 ■

. : ^ ■ ,, , ■ .

T a b l e - 1 1 . 2 . 3 . s h o w s - e s t i m a t e s ' of- t h e u n c e r t a i n t y i n

m a g n i t u d e s d u e t o s h o t n o i s e f o r s i n g l e o b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e

p r o g r a m s t a r s a n d t h e i r c o m p a r i s o n - o b j e c t s .

A .FORTRAN r o u t i n e REDUCE. was w r i t t e n by t h e a u t h o r f o r' - .

u s e on t h e S a i n t M a r y ' s U n i v e r s i t y VAX 1 1 / 7 8 0 c o m p u t e r t o

h a n d l e t h e p r o g r a m s t a r d a t a . T h i s p r o g r a m ( A p p e n d i x D- 1 )

u s e s H a n d l e ' s ( 1 9 6 2 ) me t h o d ' t o ' r e d u c e r a w p h o t o n

c o u n t / i m 1 v e r s a i t i m e d a t a t o e x t i n c t i o n - c o r r e c t e d

i n s t r u m e n t a l m a g n i t u d e s u s i n g o b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e

c o m p a r i s o n s t a r - t o c a l c u l a t e t h e e x t i n c t i o n i n V . The d e a d

t i m e f o r t h i s , p a r t i c u l a r d i s c r i m i n a t o r / p h o t o m e t e r. - - 7 ' ■ ' '

c o m b i n a t i o n , 1 . 0 x 10 s e c o n d ' s , a s w e l l a s t h e a p p r o p r i a t e

e q u a t i o n f o r d e a d t i m e . c o r r e c t i o n . ( s h o w n b e l o w ) ■ w e r e

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Page 27: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

■ T a b l ç I I . 2 ^ 2 . 1 y Q S Ç L i à l D Î Ï D y s ' t o § b 2 i

i Q H â g n i t u d è s N o i § Ê

. T y p i c a l P h o t o nS t a r . ■ Co u n t s ' . O v e r 3 : U n c e r t a i n t y

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.LT V.ul1 . ’

' 3 9 4 0 2 . t o . 0 0 5 5 ■Co » p S t a r 8 5 9 2 0 : , + 0 . 0 0 3 7Checrk S t a r • 4 6 1 ^ 4 : ± 0 . 0 0 5 1

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Page 28: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

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o b t a i n e d f r om a p r e v i o u s o b s e r v e r ( O s b o r n , 198 3) '' ' - 7

d e a d t i m e c o r r e c t e d = c o u n t s x ( I ' O + 10 x c o u n t s ) . ' c o u n t s , ■ ’ - . ■■

A mo r e . r e a l 1s t 1c e S t ! ma t e o f ■ u n c e r t a i n t y , h o w e v e r ,

m i g h t be o b t a i n e d u s i n g t h e c o m p a r i s o n a n d c h e c k s t a r s

o b s e r v e d d u r i n g e a c h p r o g r a m n i g h t . I The r o o t - m e a n - s q u a r e

(RMS)' d e v i a t i o n in, ( c . o m p a r l s o n ( C) . - c h e c k ( CH) ) v a l u e s

o v e r t h e s p a n , o f a n i g h t w o u l d be a g o o d I n d i c a t o r o f , , f o r

e x a m p l e , s h o r t - t e r m ' a t m o s p h e r i c e f f e c t s w h i c h w o u l d a l s o

I n f l u e n c e o b s e r v a t i o n s o f t h e . v a r i a b l e . T a b l e 1 1 . 2 . 4 .

l i s t s RMS d e v i a t i o n s In C-CH v a l u e s o b t a i n e d d u r i n g n i g h t s

when 63 H e r a n d .LT Vu 1 w e r e b e i n g m o n i t o r e d , a n d RMS

d e v i a t i o n s I h ' c o m p a r 1 s o n , s t a r m a g n i t u d e s o n l y o b t a i n e d /

- d u r i n g n i g h t s whe n V1208 Aql was o b s e r v e d . A v e r a g e RMS

d e v i a t i o n s o v e r t h e . 7 n i g h t s ( 6 3 H e r ) , 2 n i g h t s (LT V u l ) , .

a n d , 3 - n i g h t s ( V 1 208 Aql ) , w h i c h a r e a l s o 1 1 s t e d i n . ' . t he .

t a b l e , , wfere a d o p t e d a s b e s t e s t i m a t e s o f ' o b s e r v a t i o n a l

u n c e r t a i n t y a n d a r e I l l u s t r a t e d a s e r r o r ba.r.s In a l l

f o l l o w i n g m a g n 1t u d e v e r s u s t i m e d i a g r a m s . '

' . - ' ■ ' ' ! .3. T h e , D 1f f e r e n t l a l P h o t o m e t r y

The t e c h n i q u e . of d i f f e r e n t i a l p h o t o m e t r y I s t o c h o o s e ,

■a c o m p a r i s o n s t . a r c l o s e e n o u g h In ' p o s i t i o n , a p p a r e n ' t '

M a g n i t u d e , ' a n d s p e c t r a l t y p e yt^p t .he p r o g r a m s t a r so t h a t

d l f f e r e n c e s , I n a t m o s p h e r i c e x t i n c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e t wo

c a n c e l o u t . E x t i n c t i o n v a l u e s , h o w e v e r , w e r e f o u n d t o be

l a r g e r t h a n n o r m a l t h r o u g h o u t t h e e n t i r e o b s e r v i n g r u n . I t .

was d e c i d e d , t h e r e f o r e , t o c o r r e c t f o r a v e r a g e ' n i g h t l y

' ■ ■ ■ ' !5 . ■ , - \ ■■

Page 29: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

Table 11. 2,4. (Ç) and Check (CH) 8Car BH§ D s . v i à t i 2 Q 3

'S t a r ; N i g h t ■ ! . RMS \

! . ( wa g ) ,

( R M S ) ■ ( ma g )

:6 3 He r :( c - c h ) :

« I

'

8 3 0 6 0 3 8 3 0 6 0 4 8 3 0 6 0 5 8 3 0 6 1 I8 3 0 6 1 38 3 0 6 1 4 8 3 0 6 1 5

+ 0 . 0 0 7 6 + 0 . 0 0 7 2 + 0 . 0 0 5 2 ± 0 . 0 0 7 4 + 0 . 0 0 5 8 + 0 . Ô 0 5 8 + 0 . 0 0 7 0

+ 0 , 0 0 6 6

LT Vul , • : , ( € - C h ) :

8 306 17 8 3 0 6 2 0

+ 0 . 0 0 7 6 + 0 . 0 0 6 5

+ 6 . 0 0 7 0

V I 208 A q l : ( 0 o n l y ) !

. ■ • :

8 3 0 6 2 88 3 0 6 2 9 8 3 0 7 0 4

+ 0 . 0 0 9 5 + 0 . 0 0 5 8 + 0 . 0 0 5 0

+ 0 , 0 0 7 0

16

Page 30: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

e x t i n c t i o n b e f o r e c a l c u l a t i n g d i f f e r e n t i a l m a g n i t u d e s , ’

a l t h o u g h t h i s was p r o b a b l y u n n e c e s s a r y s i n c e a i r ma s s; "" I V • • • •

. . d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n p r o g r a m a n d c o m p a r i s o n s t a r s s e l d o m

\ ' c o r r e s p o n d e d t o mor e t h a n a f ew . t h o u s a n d t h s o f a m a g n i t u d e .

. E x t i n c t i o n In V r e m a i n e d c l o s e t o 0 . 3 m a g n i t u d e s p e r a i r ,

ma s s f o r t h e e f i t l r e ' o b s e r v i n g r u n ( c f . T a b l e I Î . 3 . 1 . ) .

F l g u r e ' I I . 3 . 1 . s h o w s a t yp 1 c a 1 ' e x 1 1 n o t 1 on c u r v e f o r t h e

n i g h t o f J u n e 2 8 / 2 9 , 1 9 6 3 us. 1 ng t h e c o m p a r i s o n s t a r HR

7 3 3 2 . F i g u r e s I I . 3 . 3 . , ' a n d I I . 3 . 4 . s how t h e

I n d i v i d u a l n i g h t s o f d i f f e r e n t i a l p h o t o m e t r y for- LT Vu l ,

V1208. Aql a n d 6 3 H e r , ■ r e s p e c t i v e l y . D i f f e r e n t i a l V

m a g n i t u d e s we r e ' c a l c u V a t e d in t h e s e n s e v a r i a b l e

c o m p a r i s o n f o r LT V.ul a n d V 1 208 A q l , a n d v a r i a b l e ' - c h e c k

f o r 6 3 H e r . Al l f i g u r e s s how r a w, , u n s m o o t h e d , e x t i n c t i o n -

c o r r e c t e d . d a t a , a n d t h e e r r o r b a r s d e n o t e ' o b s e r v â t l o n a l

u n c e r t a i n t i e s e x p e c t e d f r om. RMS d e v i a t i o n s In c o m p a r i s o n

c h e c k ( c o m p a r i s o n ' o n l y , . f o r V120G A q l ) m a g n i t u d e s . ( c f .

T a b l e 11 . 2 . 4. ) . ' '

17

Page 31: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

labis EiiiQÇij.2Q la vEcam E a c h N l g h î o .i E c g g c a m S t a c E b e l a m & l c y

N l g h t ■ kv( m a g / a l r m a s s )

J u n e 3 . 0 . 2 7 54 0 . 2 1 55 0 . 2 6 8

H. ■ 0 . 326. 13 ■ 0 . 3 5 0

1 4 ' 0 . 2 4 515 0 . 2 2 617 0 . 3 2 420 0 . 2 1 528 0 . 2 6 229 0 . 265

J u l y 4 0 , 2 4 0

mean kv 0 . 2 6 8s t a n d d e v ■ 0 . 0 4 5

18 '

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F Lgur e 11 . 3 . 1 A t m o s p h e r i c e x t i n c t i o n i n V f o r t .he n i g h t o f

J u n e 2 8 / 2 9 , 1 9 8 3 , . u s i n g t h e c o m p a r i s o n s t a r

HR 7 3 3 2

Page 33: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

4.32

k,,= 0.265± 0.005

ihst

4.17

4.12

AIRMASS

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F i g u r e I 1 . 3 . 2 . . D i f f e r e n t !-a 1 V p h o t o m e t r y o f LT Vul f o r

t h e . n ' i g h t s o f a ) J u n e 1 6 / 1' / , 1903 a n d ' b )

J u n e 1 9 / 2 0 , 1 9 8 3 . -

J u l i a n Day ( s h o w n ) J u l i a n Day - 244 5 5 0 0

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0 . 0 2 0L> VU L 8306 1 7

0 . 84-5

0 , 8 70

0 . 8 9 5

2 . 6 0 2 . 9 52 . 6 5 2 . 90. 55 2 . 75

J U L I R H DAY

0 . 0 ^ 0

LT VUL ,, 830620

. 0 . 8V5

0 . 8 7 0

3 . 70 5 . 75 5 . 8 0 5 . 9 0 5 . 9 5

J Ü L I AN DA Y

VA;

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F i g u r e I I .■ 3 . 3 . D I f f e re-n 1 1 a 1 V p h o t o m e t r y o f VI 208 Aql f o r

t h e n i g h t s o f a ) J u n e 2 7 / 2 8 ; 19 8 3 , b ) J u n e

2 8 / 2 9 , 1983 a n d c ) J u l y 4, ' 1 9 8 3 ,

J u l i a n Day ( S h o w n ) = J u l i a n Day - 2 4 4 ,55 10

Page 37: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

60V 1 2 0 6 AQL 8 3 0 G 2 8 .

HOC

0 . 5 3 5

3 . 6 0 3 . 8 5 3 . 9 53 . 70 3

J U L I A N OAŸ

0 . V 6 0V .1 2 0 6 AQL 830529■ ,

0 . V 0 5

0 . 5 10

44-

. 6 5 V . 7 0 L. 7 5 L . 80 L . 90

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0 . V 60 fv

■c)V1208 0QL8 3 0 7 0 V

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. . 4-

0 . 5 609 . 6 5 9 . 70 9 . 7 5 9 . 80 9 . 8 3 9 , 9 0 9 . 9 5

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F i g u r e I I . 3 . 4 . D i f f e r e n t i a l V p h o t o m e t r y o f Ç;3 Me r f o r

t h e n i g h t s o f a ) J u n e 2 / 3 , 198 3 , ' b ) . J u n e

3/4, 1983, c ) June 4/5, 1983, à) June. ■ . i

10/1 1 , 1983, e) June 12/13, 1983, f). June

1 3 / 1 4 , 1 9 8 3 a n d g ) J u n e 1 4 / 1 5 , , 1 9 8 3 .

j ' u l l a n Da y ( s h o w n ) = J u l i a n Da y - 2 4 4 5480

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0 . 8 2 0

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0 . 8 2 0

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) . The J u r k e v l c h Me t ho d o f P e r i o d S e a r c h i n g

The J u r k e v l c h ( 1 9 7 1 ) • p e r i o d s e a r c h t e c h n i q u e

was d e v e l o p e d a s a n a i d In de t e rm i n 1n g p e r i o d i c i t i e s

c o n t a i n e d , I n ■ T r r e gu 1 a r 1 y - s p a c e d , t 1 me-çle pe n d e n t

o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a . ’ Many p r e v i o u s a u t h o r s h a v e d i s c u s s e d

t h i s - m e t h o d i n d e t a i l ( J u r k e v l c h 1 9 7 1 ; M o r r i s 19 7 9 ; M o r r i s

a n d DuPuy 1980) S w l n g l e r 1 0 8 5 a a n d 1 9 8 5 b ) , s o o n l y a b r i e f

o u t l i n e o f t h e t e c h n i q u e w i l l be g i v e n h e r e .

C o n s i d e r a s e t o f N ( t i m e , m a g n i t u d e ) d a t a p o i n t s

( x ' / y , 1 = 1 t o N) . T h e s e p o i n t s h a v e a n o v e r a l li l . ' . ' ' • ■ . ' '

mean m a g n i t u d e o f z e r o f o r s i m p l i c i t y , a n d c o n t a i n - a

p e r i o d i c i t y P. o f h a l f - a m p l 1t u d e A . . F o r e v e r y t r i a lO ' . . ' - ' . . ' 0

p e r i o d : P, a m a g n l t . u d e ' v e r s u s p h a s e d i a g r a m - I s

c o n s t r u c t e d , w h e r e t h e p h a s e , , . a s s o c . l a t e d ' w i t h a d a t a

p o i n t , ( x , y ) I s g i v e n b y : . '1 - 1 • ■ ■ ■ •

( A = mod < X - - X ) ' , 0 . d ) (. .1 , ( 1 ). ‘______ o _ t r .

w h e r e x i s a c o n v e n i e n t , . a r b i t r a r y s t a r t i n g t i m e . E a c h 0 ' ' ■ , . ■ ■ ■

p h a s e ■ d i a g r a m I s t h e n d i v i d e d I n t o M I n t e r v a l s , - o r . b i n s .- ■ y _ '

I n . t h e k t h b l n t h e r e a r e m - p c . l n ' t s w i t h mean m a g n i t u d e mu .- ■ k ■ . ■ k

F o r e a c h t r i a l - . ' , p e r i o d , t h e J u r k e v l c h m e t h o d a s s i g n s ; a

m a g n i t u d e i n d e x , I ( P ) , ’

I(P) "y^ - ""k ' (2)w h e r e A y: ~ a c o n s t a n t f o r . a g i v e n d a t a s e t .

27

Page 45: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

A J u r k e v l c h p e r l o d o g r a m . l à a p l o t o f I ( P ) a g a i n s t P.

I f P y / P , t h e p o i n t ' s o n t h e p h a s e d i a g r a m w i l l b e ’ ^- 0 . - . - /

r a n d o m l y s c a t t e r e d , a n d t h e M v a l u e s o f mu w i l l be c l o s e |k I .

t o z e r o . I f P P , h o w e v e r , t h e p o i n t s w i l l j0 .

d e l i n e a t e a wave f u n c t i o n o f p e r i o d P a n d h a l f - a m p l ! t a d e: . / Q

A I n t h i s l a t t e r c a s e , t h e M v a l u . e s o f mu w i l l n o t ■ be0 ^ ^ . k

c l o s e t o z e r o , a n d / j m mu w i l l a p p r o a c h a maxi mum v a l u e ,■ X- ' k l( ■ ■

s i n c e t h e d a t a w i t h i n t h e b i n s w i l l be s y s t e m a t i c a l l y

e i t h e r a b o v e o r b e l o w z e r o . In ' t h e p e r l o d o g r a m , a mi n i mum ■ ' " ■ ■ ' - ' ' t h e n a p p e a r s a t I ( P ) , . . s i n c e I ( P ) I s - d e f i n e d a s , a

0 . ' . - ' d i f f e r e n c e . N o r ma l l y . , h owe ve r " , - - p e r l o d o g r a m s a r e s i m p l y

i n v e r t e d a n d t h e b a s e l i n e s h i f t e d t o z e r o , so t h a t 1 ( P ) I s ■ ■ • ■ . 0

a max imum. . .

F 1 g u r e I I I . 1 . 1 . i s a . s a m p l e . f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m p l o t t e d

f o r a s e t o f u n e v e n 1 y - s p a c e d t i m e - m a g n i t u d e d a t a p o i n t s

. i n t o w h i c h t . h e r e h a s b e e n I n c o r p o r a t e d a s i n e f u n c t i o n o f

t h e f o r m . '

y = A 3 1 n (-2rp p x + + m t s , ( 3 )0 m . 0 0 . .

w h e r e A - 0. 0 2 2 , F - . 1 1 . 36' c y / d , ^ = 0 . 0 0 0 , m ' = a■ 0 . mO .. 0

s c a l i n g f a c t o r - = 0 . 5 0 0 , s = r a n d o m G a u s s i a n n o i s e. m • ■ ‘ .

0. 0 0 ) , X = t i m e a n d y = m a g n i t u d e . T h e s e a r t i f i c i a l d a t a

w e r e g e n e r a t e d u s i n g t h e r o u t i n e SYNCUV ( A p p e n d i x D - 2 ) a n d

t h e 327 t i m e ' v a l u e s f r o m t h e c o m p l e t e - s e t o f p o i n t s - f o r t h e

p r o g r a m s t a r 6 3 H e r . T h a t I s , new a C t i f i S i ë l ' m a g n 1t u d e s

w e r e c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g o b s e r v e d , u n e v e n l y - s p a c e d t i m e

v a l u e s . . The FORTRAN r o u t i n e u s e d t o p e r f o r m - the J u r k e v l c h

c a l c u l a t i o n s was o b t a i n e d f r o m M o r r i s a n d Du Pu y ( 1 9 8 0 ) .

28

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F i g u r e I I I . 1 . 1 . U n m o d i f i e d - J u r k e . v l c h . . f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m '

f o r ' a r t i f i c i a l d a t a g e n e r a t e d . . u s i n g

E q u a t i o n 3 ( f r o m t h e t e x t ) . The p r i m a r y

e n v e l o p e , w h i c h . s u r r o u n d ^ t h e p e a k a t

F , i s m a r k e d wi t h - , c I r c l e s . The . . 0 . . . .

i r r e g u l a r s y s t e m o f p e a k s b e t w e e n 4 and' 8/

c y / d i s d u e t o t h e . 1 / 2 F h a r m o n i c o f F . - '' 0 I

Page 47: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

5 0 . 0

3 0 . 0

I N D E X

20 . 0

1 0 . 0

A IÉI*0 2 0 . 01 2 . 0

F R E Q I N 1 / D A Y S

Page 48: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

V - , /(

F r e q u e n c y , d i a g r a m s a r e s h o wn t h r o u g h ^ ^ t t h i s t t ^ e s l s

I n s t e a d o f p e r l o d o g r a m s ; - t h a t I s , ' f r e q u e n c y , , n o t p e r i o d ,

h a s b e e n p l o t t e d a l o n g t h e a b s c i s s a . An I n d e x v e r s u s

F r e q u e n c y ' ' . d i a g r a m I s e a s i e r t o r e a d ' b e c a u s e , t h e

c o r r e s p o n d i n g I n d e x v e r s u s P e r i o d d i a g r a m I s n o t l i n e a r In

f r e q u e n c y . A l i a s e s ( s e e b e l o w ) o f . a p e r i o d i c i t y a r e t h e n

s i m p l e r t o p i c k o u t on a f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m s t n c e t h e y a r e

e q u i d i s t a n t f r o m e a c h o t h e r . To e x p r e s s E q u a t i o n ( 3 ) In

t e r m s o f p e r i o d , P , I t I s n e c e s s a r y t o r e m e m b e r t h a t

' - ■ ' 1 , . '., • . . P = - ■

F ■ - ■ • ■

E q u a t l . o n ( 3 ) w o u l d ' t h e n be w r i t t e n- . ■

+ m +■ sA s i n o .

' 2 7 C X + _____

P,( 4 ).

'OThe f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m In F i g u r e I I I . 1 . 1 . I l l u s t r a t e s

t wo p r o b l e m s w i t h t h e J u r k e v l c h t e c h n i q u e :

1) - O n e - d a y a l i a s i n g t e n d s t o ' o c c u r In a s t r o n o m i c a l

o b s e r v a t i o n s s i n c e d a t a s e t s a r e n o r m a l l y o b t a i n e d a t

r o u g h l y 1- d a y i n t e r v a l s a n d u n c e r t a i n t y a r i s e s I n t h e

• n u mb e r o f c y c l e s w h i c h h a v e e l a p s e d . d u r 1 ng ,,t I me s o f no

o b s e r v a t i o n s . P e a k s a p p e a r on t h e J u r k e v l c h p e r l o d o g r a m

a t v a l u e s o f F .= F + 1 ' , F ■ + 2, F + 3, e t c . , b u t w i t h0 . 0 - 0 '

d e c r e a s i n g v a l u e s o f ' l ( F ) s i n c e t h e y do n o t f i t t h e d a t a a s

w e l l . , F o r u n c o m p l i c a t e d d a t a s e t s , one c a n I g n o r e t h i s

q u i t e e a s i l y . ' H o w e v e r , - f o r d a t a c o n t a i n i n g m u l t i p l e ,

c l o s e l y - s p a c e d p e r i o d i c i t i e s , t h e I n t e r a c t i o n o f t wo . . o r

■more a l i a s e n v e l o p e s In c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e h a r m o n i c

p h e n o m e n o n d i s c u s s e d b e l o w c a n be d i f f i c u l t t o, s o r t o u t .

30

Page 49: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

• 2) B«s l c!e3, th<5 a l i a s e n v e l o p e s u r r o u n d i n g e a c h t r u e

• f r e q u e n c y • o t h e r s y s t e m s o f p e a k s a l s o a p p e a r . T h e s e

a r e c e n t r e d on v a l u e s o f F = n F , n = 1 / 2 , 1 / 3 , e t c . ,• ' 0 •

c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o h a r m o n i c s o f o r d e r n o f t h e t r u e f r e q u e n c y ’

F . T h e s e h a r m o n i c s a r e a r t i f a c t s o f t h e - J u r k e v l c h m e t h o d 0 ■ • . ■ ■ • .

a n d t h e i r p r e s e n c e . o h l y c o m p l I c a t e s t h e f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m .

F o r e x a m p l e . I n F d g u r e I I I . 1 . 1 . , a h a r m o n i e s y s t e m o f . F ■ • ’ . . . 0

a p p e a r s a t F '= 1 / 2 F = 5 : 6 5 c y / d . ■ S i n c e d a t a c o n t a i n i n g■ . . . V 0

o n l y one s I nu s o 1 d a l f r e q u e n c y ( h e r e i n ■ ' s 1 n g l e - s 1 n e ' , . . o r

' o n e - s i n e ' ) a r e u s e d , ■ t h e maxi mum a t F , i t s a l i a s’ ■ . 0

e n v e l o p e , a n d t h e - h a r m o n i e s a r e v e r y c l e a r l y - s e e n .

As s h o wn i n F i g u r e I I I . 1 . 2 , t h e s i t u a t i o n b e c o m e s e v e n

more c o m p l i c a t e d whe n a n o t h e r s i-ne ‘ f u n e 1 1 on ( o f t h e s ame

f o r m a s a b o v e ) , w i t h f r e q u e n c y c l o s e , b u t n o t e x a c t l y e q u a l

t o I / 2 F -, i s a d d e d , t o t h e o r i g i n a l a r t i f i c i a l d a t a . The

^ - ' 0 .r e s u l t i n g . p e r l o d o g r a m . s h o w ’s a c o m p l i c a t e d s t r u c t u r e o f

p e a k s b e . t we e n 0 c y / d a n d . 9 c y / d d u e t o t h e i n t e r a c t i o n

b e t w e e n ‘ t h e h a r m o n i c s a n d t h e n e w l y I n t r o d u c e d o v e r t o n e '

p e r i o d , F - = 5 . 2 6 c y / d . N o t e , t he m i s l e a d i n g h e i g h t o f t h e

p e a k a t 7. 14, c y / d , - o c c u r r i n g b e c a u s e a n a l i a s o f t h e ’

o v e r t o n e p e r i o d h a p p e n s t o c o i n c i d e e x a c t l y w i t h a n a l i a s

o f t h e ' 2F h a r m o n i c . The t wo p e a k s s i m p l y a d d 0 - .' - - '

a l g e b r a i c a l l y , r e s u l t i n g In a s p u r i o u s p e a k o f " f a l s e "

h e i g h t , ‘ I n d i c a t i n g à s t r o n g p e r i o d i c i t y w h e r e p r ^ ’ d o e s h o t

r e a l l y - e x . i s t . F u r t h e r e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n s h o w e d t h a t t h e

c o n f u s I on b e c o m e s w o r s e wh e n a d d i t i o n a l p e r i o d i c i t i e s a r e

I n t r o d u c e d . . •

31

Page 50: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

F l g u r e . 1 1 1 . 1 . 2 . . U n m o d i f i e d J u r k e v l c h f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m

f o r t wo - s I ne a r t i f i c i a l d a t a ( s e e t e x t ) .

' S y m b o l s a r e u s e d a s ' i n F i g . . 1 1 1 . 1 . 1 .

The u n m a r k e d a r r o w i n d i c a t e s a s p u r i o u s

- p e a k . due t o , t h e p r o x i m i t y o f t h e

s e c o n d a r y f r e q u e n c y e n v e l o p e s u r r o u n d i n g

t h e - p e a k ' a t 'F ' t o t h e 1 / 2 F ■- ■■ . . ' . ■ ■ O ' ■

h a r m o n i c e n v e l o p e . - ,

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F r o m ’ p a s t - ’e x p e r 1 e h ç e w i t h t h e J u r k e y l c h m e t h o d ( Du Pu y a n d

B u r g o y n e , 1 9 8 3 ) , a s w e l l a s f r o m a d d i t i o n a l a t t e m p t s t o . Use

I t In t h e r e d u c t i o n o f b o t h r e a l . a n d o t h e r mor e c o m p l i c a t e d

a r t i f i c i a l d a t a , we , d e c i d e d t h a t S w l n g l e r ' s ’ ( 1 9 8 5 b )

m o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e J u r K e v l c h m e t h o d w o u l d b e mor e s u i t a b l e

In c i r c u m s t a n c e s w h e r e m u l t i p l e p e r i o d s m i g h t , b e e x p e c t e d .

The c o m p l i c a t i n g h a r m o n I.e. p e a k s i n t r o d u c e d b y t h e J u ' r k e v l - c h\ - ■

t e c h n i q u e t e n d t o h i n d e r a t t e m p t s a t s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d ,

a c c u r a t e p e r i o d s e a r c h i n g .

2. S w l n g l e r ' s M o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e J u r k e y l c h Me t h o d ,

As d e m o n s t r a t e d In' t h e p r e v i o u s s e c t i o n , e a c h

p e r l o d l p l t y . c o n t a i n e d In t h e d a t a w i l l c o n t r i b u t e m u l t i ­

p e a k h a r m o n i c s t r u c t u r e s t o t h e J u r k e v l c h p e r l o d o g r a m . The

s h a p e o f t h e M-bl . n J u r k e v l c h p e r l o d o g r a m I s e s s e n t i a l l y t h e

s a me a s t h a t o f a c l a s s i c a l F o u r i e r f r e q u e n c y s p e c t r u m o f a

r e c t a n g u l a r w a v e f o r m o f 1 ; M - 1 m a r k - t o - s p a c e r a t i o . The

c o n f u s i n g m u l t i - h a r m o n i c n a t u r e o f t h e . J u r k e y l c h m e t h o d

. ( t h a t I s , t h e h a r m o n i c p e a k s t h e m s e l v e s ) c a n be e l i m i n a t e d

by r e p l a c i n g t h i s r e c t a n g u l a r w a v e f o r m by .a w a v e f o r m o f

s o m e ’ o t h e r s h a p e ( S w i n g l e r 1 9 8 5 ) . The p r o b l e m o f a l - . i a s l n g

r e m a i n s , h o w e v e r , ’ s i n c e i t i s I n h e r e n t t o t h e

o b s e r v a t i o n a l d a t a . I t w i l l be s h o wn ( h e r e a n d I n C h a p t e r

I V) t h a t o n c e t h é h a r m o n i c p e a k s a r e r e m o v e d , t h e a l i a s i n g

a l o n e I s no l o n g e r ’,as d i f f i c u l t t o I n t e r p r e t .

A m o d i f i c a t i o n - o f t h e J u r k e v I’c h ‘ t e c h n 1 q u e i n w h i c h a

new' I n d e x , I ( F ) , I s d e f i n e d c a n be c o n s t r u c t e d a s f o l l o w s 3 . • - .

’ ' ' : ' ^ 3 . . -

Page 53: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

( S w i n g l e r 198 , 5b) . The u s u a l J u r k e v l c h t e c h n l c j u e d e t e r m i n e s

t h e p o i n t s In t ;he p h a s e d i a g r a m f o r e a c h t r i a l f r e q u e n c y F.

T h e n , f o r . e a c h t 1 me-m.agn 11 u d e d a t a p o i n t (x , y ) , t h e ' ■ ■ ; ' 1 1 -

p r o d u c t s Q a n d R a r e d e f i n e d :

■ ' c o s ( 2 rC F X O , ' ' . .

■ ■ ' • , a n d ( 5 )

R • = y 3 I n ( 2 r c F x ■ ■). ‘ ■ ■ .

Q a n d R a r e t h e n s e p a r a t e l y summe:d o v e r a l l d a t a p o i n t s1 '• ‘ i ■ ' . .

a n d t h e s q u a r e s . o f t h e i r s u ms a r e a d d e d . A s c a l e f a c t o r

I n v o l v i n g ' t h e t o t a l ' n u mb e r - o f d a t a p o i n t s I s t h e n

I n t r o d u c e d . The r e s u l t i n g e q u a t i o n d e f i n e s t h e new , I n d e x

, I ( F ) a t t r i a l f r e q u e n c y . F : , '- N AV

® \2 I s ( F ) = / 2 '( , «■ /

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c o s 2 7U F X - ) + y s i n 2 8T F )

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One d o e s not^ know I n i t i a l l y how ' t h e d a t a a r e d i s t r i b u t e d

a c r o s s t h e m a g n i t u d e v e r s u s p h a s e d i a g r a m s i n c e , b e c a u s e o f

t h e u n c e r t a i n t y In p h a s e , t h e p o i n t s c a n a p p e a r t o

d e l i n e a t e e i t h e r a s i ne o r a c o s i n e f u n c t i o n . T h e r e f o r e ,

when r e p l a c i n g t h e . r e c t a n g u l a r w a v e , b o t h s i n e a n d c o s i n e

f u n c t i o n s m u s t be c o n s i d e r e d , t h ÿ t . I s , o n e m u s t m u l t i p l y by

on e f u l l c y c l e o f b o t h t y p e s o f f u n c t i o n s . When F / F ,

t h e m u l t i p l i c a t i o n a n d s u m m a t i o n p r o c e s s y i e l d s z e r o

o u t p u t , a n d ( I d e a l l y ) o n l y g i v e s à n o n - z e r o r e s u l t when F =

F F i g u r e s I I I . 2 . 1 . a n d I I I . 2 . 2 . 11 l u s t r a t e e x a m p l e s o f

mod 1 f l e d - J u r k e y I c h ( h e r e i n a f t e r M - u r k e v l c h - S w i n g l e r ' )

34

Page 54: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

F i g u r e 111 . 2 . 1 . J u r k e v ,1 c h - S w, l n g 1 e r f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m f o r

t h e - - s a m e o n e - s i n e a r t i f ! c i à 1 ' d a t a a s i n

F i g . l;î I . 1 . 1 . As* b e f o r e , c i r c l e s a r e u s e d

- t o i n d i c a t e t h é e n v e l o p e d u e Lo t h e

p r i m a r y p e r i o d i c i t y . C o m p a r e t o F i g .

■■r'l I . 1 . 1 . '

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F Ug u r e I I I . 2 . 2 . J u r k e v I c h - S w 1n g l e r f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m f o r

- • t h e s a me ‘ ' t ' wo - s i ne a r t i f i c i a l " d a t a a s In

■ ' , • F 1%. I l l . 1 . 2. C l . r c l e s - a r e u s e d a s -In

p r e v i o u s f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m s a n d s q u a r e s

■ . ■ a r e u s e d t o i n d i c a t e t h e e n v e l o p e due

f ' t h e , s e c o n d a r y f V e q u e n c y l F . - Compa r ei '

t o F i g . I I I . I . 2 . . ■ .■ ■

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p e r l o d o g r a m s f o r ' t h e s ame s i n g l e - a n d , d o u b l e - s i n e

a r t i f i c i a l d a t a u s e d I n F i g u r e s I I I . 1 . 1 . a n d I 1.1 , i .. 2 . ,

r e s p e c t i v e l y . N o t e t h e d r a m a t i c d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h e

m o d i f i e d ' f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m s c o m p a r e d t o F i g u r e s 1 1 1 . 1 . 1 .

a n d I I I . 1 . 2 - , r e s p e c t i v e l y . ' The ' n e w ' d i a g r a m s , a r e much

c l e a n e r a n d e a s i e r t o 1 n t e r p r e ^ .-. The " a l i a s e n v e l o p e s s t a n d

o u t much mor e c . l e a t l y a n d , s i n c e t h e h a r m o n i c s a r e g o n e , n o .

s p u r i o u s , m i s l e a d i n g , p e a k s o c c u r . I t a p p e a r s t h a t t h i s

mod i f i e d t e c h n 1 q u e i s mo r e a c c u r a t e a n d , hence" , a s u p e r i o r

p e r i o d - s e a r c h i n g ' , t o o l f o r 6 u r d a t a . ■ • The FORTRAN

a l g o r i t h m d e v e l o p e d f o r t h i s m e t h o d I s l i s t e d i n A p p e n d i x

b - 3 . ' ' ' ' -

E q u a t i o n ( 6 ) I s v e r y s i m i l a r . In f o r m t o t h a t . U s e d " i n a

c l a s s i c a l F o u r i e r a n a l y s i s . The o n l y d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n t h e

t wo I s t h a t t h e J u r k e v l c h - S w i n g l e r t e c h n i q u e m u l t i p l i e s

p h a s e - m a g n i t u d e d a t a b y a s i n g l e p e r i o d o f b o t h a s i n e

a n d c o s i n e , f u n c t i o n , " w h e r e a s t h e u s u a l F o u r i e r m e t h o d

m u l t i p l i e s . t h e o r i g i n a l t i m e - " m a g n I t u d e d a t a , by s i n e a n d

c o s i n e f u n c t i o n s . I n b . o t h c a s e s , t h e r e s u l t i n g i n d e x .1, ( F )" . ' . . ' s

i s t h e s ame ( S w i n g l e r 1 9 8 5 b ) .

The new m o d i f i e d - I n d e x , I ( F > , a s d e f i n e d I h E q u a t i o n . s " . . . ■

( 6 ) , c a n , be u s e d . t o o b t a i n a d i r e c t e s t i m a t e f o r t h e

a m p l i t u d e o f a p e r i o d i c i t y t h a t a p p e a r s a s a p e a k i n a

f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m . ' To 11 l - u s t r a t e t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n

1ndeX a n d amp 1 1 1 u d e , a s e r i e s o f 15 a r t i f i c i a l ( t i m e ,

m a g n i t u d e ) d a t a s e t s w e r e c r e a t e d , e a c h c o n t a i n i n g t h e s ame

o n e - s i n e p e r i o d i c i t y , F , w h i c h i n e a c h c a s e h a d a

37

Page 59: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

d i f f e r e n t h a l f - a w p l 1 t u d e A . A p e r l o d o g r a m o f e a c h d a t a

s e t - was p l o t t e d a n d t h e I n d e x , I <F) c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e' ■ s

p e a k a t F was r e c o r d e d . A l o g I ( F ) v e r s u s l o g A. . . s , ■ ■

\ . d i a g r a m ( s e e . F i g u r e I I I . 2 . 3 . ) f o r t h e s e 15 t e s t c a s e s

e x h i b i t s a l i n e a r r e l a t i o n s h i p f o r w h i c h l i n e a r l e a s t -

• s q u a r e s f i t t i n g y i e l d s ' . •

• l o g I ( F ) = - 0 . 0 0 9 0 ( + 0 . 0 0 4 6 ) + 2 . 0 0 6 8 ( + 0 . 0 0 2 6 ) l o g A . - s ' -

I n o t h e r w o r d s , I ( F ) ' l s c l o s e l y ' r e l a t e d t o t h e ‘' s q u a r e o fs / ■ -

a m p l i t u d e c o r r e s p o n d i n g ' t o a p e r i o d i c i t y , F . . T h i s l o g '

I ( F ) v e r s u s l o g A d i a g r a m w i l l b e u s e d a g a i n In C h a p t e r IV

t o d e t e r m i n e ' v a l u e s o f A c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e I n d i c e s o f

s e l e c t e d p e a k s t h a t a p p e a r on f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m s . T h a t i s ,

■one c a n u s e t h i s l o g 1 ( F ) v e r s u s l o g A d i a g r a m ' t o o b t a i ns . . . !.

i n i t i a l . ■ " g u e s s e s " f o r t h e p a r a m e t e r A w h i c h c o r r e s p o n d s t o

a v a r i a t i o n o f f r e q u e n c y F ( c f . C h a p t e r I V ) / , ' . '

3. The N o n - l i n e a r L e a s t S q u a r e s F i t t i n g T e c h n i q u e

A n o n - l i n e a r 1 ea ' s ' t • s q u a r e s f i t I s n e e d e d t o d e t e r m i n e

t h e o t h e r p a r a m e t e r s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a p e r i o d i c i t y o n c e t h e

J u r k e v l c h - S w i n g l e r me t h o d ' . h a s b e e n u s e d t o p r o v i d e a

r e l i a b l e g u e s s f o r , t h a t p e r i o d i c i t y . The q u a n t i t i e s h a l f -

a m p l l t u d e . A, p h a s e , , a n d a h a v e r a g e m a g n i t u d e s c a l i n g

f a c t o r , m, ■ a r e n e e d e d t o c o m p l e t e l y d e s c r i b e t h e s i n e

f u n c t i o n c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o e a c h f r e q u e n c y :

y ( I ) - A . s i n ( 2 IC F x ( l ) + ^ ) + m , ( 7 )

wh e r e I » 1 , . . . N d a t a p o i n t s .

38

Page 60: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

F 1 g u r e • 111 ..2 ■ 3 . P l o t o f l o g * M o d i f i e d I n d e x v e r s u s , l o g

A m p l i t u d e

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6.0

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The f t t s w e r e ' » a d e . u s I n g P3R, a l i b r a r y p r o g r a m tn t h e

B i o m e d i c a l S t a t i s t i c a l P a c k a g e f r o m t h e " U n i v e r s i t y o f

C a l i f o r n i a , - . bos A n g e l e s , ( s e e M o r r i s , 197$ f o r a p r o g r a m

l i s t i n g ) . I n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e D a l h o u s i e U n i v e r s i t y

CYBER 6 6 0 0 c o m p u t e r . P3B r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e u s e r make

r e a s o n a b l y a c c u r a t e ( t o w i t h i n a f ew p e r c e n t ) • i n i t i a l■ ’ ■, . ■ . : /

g u e s s e s f o r f r e q u e n c y , p h a s e , a n d a v e r a g e ’ magn 1 t j l de ;

i n l - t l a l e s t i m a t e s f o r h a l f - a m p ] I t u d e t u r n o u t t o ' be l e s s

c r i t i c a l t o t h e s u c c e s s ’ o f t h e f i t . P3R c a n be , u s e d t o

d e t e r m i n e t h e p a r a m e t e r s ’ o f up t o s i x s i n e f u n c t i o n s

'■ o c c u r r i n g .s i mul t a n e o u s I y w i t h i n a s i n g l e d a t a s e t - , a l t h o u g h

i n t h i s wo r k i t was . n e v e r u s e d i n a n y t h i n g mor e c o m p l e x

t h a n a f o u r - s i n e f i t . . The . t y p e o f o u t p u t g e n e r a t e d b y . P3R. 1 . ‘ '

( ■ i n c l u d i n g p a r a m e t e r e r r o r e s t i m a t e s a n d " b e s t - f i t "

■ r e s i d u a l me a n s q u a r e v a l u e s ) w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n d e t a i l i n

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p r o c e d u r e u s e d . o n . a l l t h r e e p r o g r a m s t a r s i s . ' shown In

F i g u r e 1 1 1 . 3 . 1 . ’ F o r a g i v e n s e t o f d a t a p o i n t s , t h e m o s t

d o m i n a n t f r e q u e n c y i s c h o s e n f r o m . a p l o t t e d J u r k e v l c h -

S w i n g l e r f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m . The r o u t i n e R3R i s t h e n . u s e d

t o p e r f o r m a n o n - l i n e a r , s i n g l e - s i n e , l e a s t s q u a r e s f i t on

t h e d a t a , ' u s i n g t h e d o m i n a n t f r e q u e n c y a n d g u e s s e s , f o r A,

- a n d m. The b e s t ( l o w e s t RM8 d e v i a t i o n ) c o n v e r g e d f i t i s

t h e n s u b t r a c t e d f r o m t h e d a t a , t h a t ,i s / ' - t h e d a t a a r e

" p r e w h i t e n e d " . N e x t , a . n e w . f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m i s p l o t t e d

. u s i n g t h e - p r e w h i t e n e d d a t a t o . s e e i f a n y s e c o n d a r y

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E19ÜCÊ■ 1 1 1 ^ 3 x 1 x 1 Bfiyah Ei2»ebarî foc ibç Qoacisi®'E2Cloâz§£âi:çb Eccssdyrs üa&a 1q • I b i s î b e s i s

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p e r i o d i c i t i e s h a v e b e c o me a p p a r e n t In t h e a b s e n c e o f t h e

d o m i n a n t v a r i a t i o n . , I f ’ a n y f u r t h e r p e r i o d i c i t i e s a r e

p r e s e n t , ' t h e y a r e I n d i v i d u a l l y f i t t e d w i t h a s l n g l e - s l n e

e q u a t i o n u s i n g P3 R, a n d a l s o r e m o v e d f r o m t h e d a t a .

T h i s p r o c e d u r e Is ' r e p e a t e d u n t i l no f u r t h e r

p e r i o d i c i t i e s o f - r e l i a b l e a m p l i t u d e ( t h a t I s , a m p l i t u d e

l a r g e r t h a n t h e p r e v 1 o u s 1 y d 1s c u s s e d o b s e r v a t i o n a l e r r o r )

a r e s e e n . F i n a l l y , t h e • t o t a l m u l t i - s i n e f i t I s

s u p e r i m p o s e d on t h e o r i g i n a l d i f f e r e n t i a l d a t a ; a n d f i n a l

r e s i d u a l s a r e c a l c u l a t e d .

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o f 327 o b s e r v a t i o n s o b t a i n e d d u r i n g s e v e n n i g h t s s p r e a d

o y e r , 12 d a y s . The I n i t i a l J u r k e v l c h - S w i n g l e r f r e q u e n c y

d i a g r a m f o r m e d f r o m t h e d a t a I s s h o wn I n F i g u r e I V . l v l .

N o t e t h e h o r i z o n t a l l i n e d r a w n . a c r o s s t h e f r e q u e n c y

d i a g r a m a t I n d e x = 1 . 3 8 . I t was d e c i d e d t h a t t h e f r e q u e n c y ,

d i a g r a m ( s h o w n I n F i g u r e I V . 1 . 2 . ) f o r m e d f r o m t h e 63 He r

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t h e e x p e c t e d ( o b s e r v a t i o n a l ) n o i s e l , e v e l s e e n I n ‘ F i g u r e

I V . l . ' l . ' T h e r e I s o n l y on e ma j o r . s y s . t e m o f p e a k s s e e n In

F i g u r e I V. 1 . 2 . ; t h e e n v e l o p e c e n t r e d a t a p p r o x i m a t e l y 20

c y / d - I n d i c a t e s , t h a t t h e h i g h e s t - p e a k s d u e t o e x p e c t e d ,

o b s e r v a t i o n a l ' u n c e r t a i n t y s h o u l d h a v e a maxi mum . I n d e x o f

1 . 3 8 . H e n c e , t h e l l p e . d r a w n a c r o s s F i g u r e I V . 1 . 1 . ( a n d a l l

o t h e r 6 3 H e r f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m s ) a t I n d e x = 1 . 3 8 i n d i c a t e s '

t h e l i m i t i n g I n d e x , . 1 , s u c h t h a t a n y p e a k s n o t h a v i n g an■■■ ' I' - ■ • ■

I n d e x a t l e a s t S s l a r g e a s .1 a r e t o b e ' e l i m i n a t e d o r ' ' . -1 ; : '

r e g a r d e d w i t h s u s p i c i o n . - S i m i l a r a r g u m e n t s s h a l l be

c a r r i e d o u t f o r V1 2 0 8 Aql a n d LT V u l . The I n d e x I n F i g u r e

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o f 0 t o 2 4 \ c y / d s i n c e a n a l y s i s o f t h e s a me d a t a a t

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F.I g u r e 1 V . 1 . 1 J u r k e v,i c h - S w. l n g l e r- f r e q u e n e y ' ' d S a g r a m of

6 3 H e r ' d a t a . S y m b o l s f o r t h t s ' a n d q 1 1

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(2) - p r i m a r y e n v e l o p e , ' I - s e c o n d a r y

e n v e l o p e , a n d - t e r t i a r y e n f e l o p e .

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s t a r - , m i n u s c h e c k s t a r d a t a . The l a r g e s/ f

e n v e l ' o p e h a s a maxi mum I n d e x o f 1 . 3 0 ,

w h i c h d e f i n e s t h e l i m i t i n g I n d e x , 1. . ' I

f o r t h e 63 He r d a t a . S i m i l a r p r o c e d u r e s

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V .

■I 1 » 11 1 ng 1 n d e x o f 1 . 38 . . ■ ' ' . • , , .

■ T h r e e d i s t i n c t s y s t e m s o f p e a k s a r e . v i s i b l e . , à g a I n s t

t h e b a . c k g r o u n d h o t s e . The m o s t p r o m i n e n t e n v e l o p e ,

d e s i g n a t e d ' p r i m a r y ' , I s c e n t r e d on t h e t a l l e s t p e a k a t F: ■ ■ ' • . ■ ' . ■ ^ A

= 1 1 . 3 3 c y / d . ' . The' e n v e l o p e I t s e l f I s c o m p o s e d o f s e v e n ,

o n e - d a y a l i a s e s , o f F a p p e a r i n g on e i t h e r s i d e o f t h e . ‘I ' ' ' • A ' - ' .

c e n t r j a l p e a k . . . ' . I

The s e c o n d a r y e n y e i o p e c o n s i s t s o f s i x p e a k s - - c e n t r e d

a r o u n d F = 1 8 . 1 0 c y / d . The t e r t i a r y e n v e l o p e , t h e l e a s t• B . . . . . ' ,

p r o m i n e n t o f t h e ' t h r e e , c o n s i s t s o f a c e n t r a l p e a k a t F. . . ' . ■ c

7 . 7 4 ' c y / d a n d f i v e a l i a s e s . The I n d e x o f t h e F . p e a k I s ■ ■ , . ■ - • • . ■ -■ C--

o n l y o f t h e o r d e r o f 2 1 , h e n c e , ' , i t l s t h e l e a s t r e l i a b l e

o f t h e t h r e e f r e q u e n c i e s . •

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c o n c l u d e t h a t 63 H e r a p p e a r s t o be p u l s a t i n g I n a t l e a s t

- t wo ' a n d p o s s i b l y t h r e e d i s t i n c t f r e q u e n c i e s ; F = 1 1 . 3 3, . . . . . . ' A

c y / d ; F = 18. 10 . c y / d ; a n d F = 7 . 7 4 c y / d . ' . .■ . B, ■ . : c .■ ■ .

At t h i s s t a g e I t I s I n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t e t h a f ' a n

e n v e l o p e o f p e a k s c e n t r e d on t h e one f r e q u e n c y . o f 1 2 . 9 8

c y / d ' s e e n by B r e g e r ( 1 9 6 9 ) d o e s n o t a p p e a r In F i g u r e

I V, 1 . 1 . The r e a s o n ' f o r . t h ! s c O u l d be s 1 mpl y t h a t h i s s ma l 1 -

n u m b e r o f o b s e r v a t i o n s (.50), ' w e r e n o t a d e q u a t e t o

a c c u r a t e l y I ' n . d l c a t e t h e p r e s e n c e o f on e o r mo r e

f r e q u e n c i e s f o r t h i s o b v i o u s l y c o m p l i c a t e d s t a r . T h a t I s ,

s i n c e t h e d a t a o b t a i n e d ' . h e r e —" a r e c o n s i d e r a b l y more^

c o m p r e h e n s Ive. . t h a n . B r e g e r ' s o b s e r v a t i o n s , mor e c o n f i d e n c e

s h o u l d be p l a c e d I n t h e s e - r e s u i t s . ,

46

Page 71: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

• . 1

The n e x t s t e p I n t h e r e d u c t i o n I s t o u s e " t h e n o n ­

l i n e a r l e a s t s q u a r e s r o u t i n e P3R. t o a c c u r a t e l y d e t e r m i n e

'• t h e p a r a m e t e r s ' f o r t h e p r i m a r y f r e q u e n c y a n d t o a i d i n t h e

d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f F a n d F . F i g u r e s I V . 1 . 1 . a n d I I I . 2 . 3 .■ ■ • ' a - C ' :

w e r e u s e d t o o b t a i n . I n i t i a l g u e s s e s o f A a n d F . I n i t i a l

g u e s s e s f o r t h e r e m a i n i n g t wo p a r a m e t e r s , ® a n d m, w e r e

. s e t t o z e r o , s i n c e (h was c o m p l e t e l y u n k n o wn a n d c o u l d be . • A

a n y t h i n g b e t w e e n 0 a n d 2 l C , w h i l e m I s j u s t t h e a v e r a g e

m a g n i t u d e o f t h e d a t a , w h i c h . t h e r o u t i n e c a l c u l a t e s

r e g a r d l e s s . ■

A f t e r n i n e I t e r a t i o n s t h e p r o g r a m c o n v e r g e d on t h e .

f o l l o w i n g p a r a m e t e r s : ■■ m ■ •

. V ■ A . = 0. 0 0 8 6 + 0 . 0 0 0 7 ,A

f ' = 1 1 . 3 1 7 6 + 0 . 0 0 , 3 0 c y / . d ,, A • ■ ;

0 - ' 0 . 6 9 10 + 0 . 2 5 7 0 , • -,■ „ ■ _A m ■ •

• ' . a n d m = 0. 8 7 1 8 + 0 . 0 0 5 0 , ' .' . . . . ■ . - 3 ‘

w i t h a r o . p t mean s q u a r e (RMS) o f 8 . 4 8 2 x 10 m a g n i t u d e s .

■ The o u t p u t g e n e r a t e d b y , t h i s f i r s t r u n o f P3R h a s b e e n

I n c l u d e d In . Ap p e n d i x D- 4 t o s how t h e c o m p r e h e n s i v e , n a t u r e

o f t h i s r o u t i n e . , . ■

I t s h o u l d be m e n t i o n e d t h a t o n c e - t h i s f i r s t r u n wa s

compel e t e , s e v e r a l f u r t h e r , r u n s q f P3R .were. , made u s i n g . t h e

a b o v e p a r a m e t e r s , s l i g h t l y . va r ' l e d , a s I n i t i a l g u e s s e s . The' ' i ' ■ • ■ ' - ■ ■

r e a s o n f o r t h i s was t o d e t e r m i n e i f t h e p a r a m e t e r s c o u l d be

f u r t h e r r e f i n e d on s u c c e s s i v e ' p a s s e s ' - t h r o u g h P3R. The

r e s u l t s I n e v e r y c a s e , h o w e v e r , r e m a i n e d u n c h a n g e d t o w e l l

w i t h i n h a l f o f one p e r c e n t .

47

Page 72: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

A3 w e l l , •' s e v e r a l r u n s o f , P 3 R we r e made u s i n g t h e

c o n v e r g e d v a l u e s o f A , (Zl , a n d m a s ' I n i t i a l g u e s s e s ,' . . A . A

w h i l e a t t e m p t i n g t o u s e n e a r b y a l i a s e s o f t h e p r i m a r y

f r e q u e n c y ' a s I n i t i a l , g u e s s e s f o r F . . Al t h o u g h , t h e p r o g r a mA

u s u a l l y c o n v e r g e d , b o t h N., t h e n u m b e r o f I t e r a t i o n s n e e d e d

t o a c h i e v e c o n v e r g e n c e , a n d t h e RMS v a l u e s I n c r e a s e d

d r a m a t I c a l l y . . . ■ -

A *A l s o , s e v e r a l r u n s w e r e made u s i n g , t h e c o n v e r g e d

v a l u e s o f A , F , a n d m a s I n i t i a l . g u e s s e s , w h i l e v a r y i n g A A - / .

t h e I n i t i a l g u e s s e s f o r Ç) . b e t w e e n 0 a n d 2 PC Wh i l eA ' . ' ■ •

f r e q u e n c y I s o f c o u r s e t h e m o s t I m p o r t a n t p a r a m e t e r h e r e ,

t h e s t a r t i n g v a l u e f o r p h a s e c a n . a l s o I n f l u e n c e t h e

c o n v e r g e n c e . o f t h e r u n ' ( Du F u y and- B u r g o y n e 1 9 0 3 ) . . R e s u l t s

f o r t h e s e r u n s s h o w e d t h a t a l t h o u g h c o n v e r g e d v a l u e s o f 0' ■ ■ ■ A

c h a n g e d , t h e ' r e s u l t s f o r A , " F - , m a n d RMS r e m a i n e d‘ ' A A

v i r t u a l l y . I d e n t i c a l . . H o w e v e r , . a s b e f o r e , t h e n u m b e r o f

1t e r a t ! o n s r o s e d r a m a t i c a l l y , a s . d i d t h e RMS v a l u e s . I t

was d e c i d e d , . t h e r e f o r e , t o a d o p t t h e o r i g i n a l c o n v e r g e d

v a l u e s f o r t h e f o u r p a r a m e t e r s . ' A l l n d n - l l h e & r - l e a s t

s q u a r e 3. r e s u i t s' f o r 6 3 He r a r e s ummar 1 z e d In T a b l e I V. 1 . 1 .

F i g u r e I V . - 1 . 3 . s h o w s t h e ' p e r l o d o g r a m . r e s u l t i n g . f r o m

t h e o r i g i n a l d a t a a f t e r I t ;'was p r e w h i t e n e d b y t h e

p a r a m e t e r s f o r t t ^ , p r i m a r y f r e q u e n c y . N o t e t h a t t h e

p r i m a r y e n ve I ope,, h a s b e e n c o m p l e t e l y r e ' mgved, : l e a v . I n g t h e

secondary . and tertiary .envelope's very si Ightly weakened In

Index, but unchanged In all other aspects. Similar

procedures Involving P3R were followed for the remaining

48

Page 73: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

s

F i g u r e IV-. 1 . 3 . F r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m o f - 63 H e r d a t a

.- ‘ p r e w h i t e n e d b y :m . ' ' ‘ ■

y C D =: d .0086 si n( 2 11.. 3176 ky/d x ( D + 0.691).. - ■ m ' . . .

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p e r i o d i c i t i e s In t h e d a t a o f 63 H e r .

T a b l e I V . 1 . 1 . s u m m a r i z e s t h e c o n v e r g e d p a r a m e t e r s a n d

t h e i r - e r r o r s r e s u l t i n g f r o m t h e r u n s o f P3R f o r a l l t h r e e

■ p e r i o d i c i t i e s In 63 H e r . F i g u r e s I V . 1 . 4 . a n d " I V . 1 . 5 . s how

p e r l o d o g r a m s f o r d a t a - p r e w h 1t e n e d b y t h e f r e q u e n c i e s F ' a n d ■ . . . • - . A .

F , a n d F , F , . a n d F r e s p e c t i v e l y . -. B ■ A B - : , C , .

I t 13 I n t e r e s t i n g t o n o t e h e r e t h a t t h e c o n v e r g e d

v a l u e o f F I s a c t u a l l y a o n e - d a y a l l a s o f t h e t a l l e s t p e a k ■ • ■ B : • • , . . .

In t h e s e c o n d a r y e n v e l o p e . P3R c o n v e r g e d o n : F - 1 9 . 0 7 '- , . B . .

c y / d a n d w o u l d a t no t i me c o n v e r g e on 1 8 . -r c y / d d e s p i t e

s e v e r a l a t t e m p t t o f o r c e . a s o l u t i o n a t t h i s f r e q u e n c y .

As d i s c u s s e d a b o v e , F I s c o n s i d e r e d ' t h e - l e a s t

r e l i a b l e p e r l o d o c l t y o f t h e t h r e e d e t e r m i n e d f o r 63 H e r ,

T h i s c o n t e n t i o n .Is now r e i n f o r c e d b y ’ t h e f a c t t h a t ' i t s‘ . m on .

c o n v e r g e d a m p l i t u d e , A = 0 . 0 0 4 8 ' +0 . p 0 ' 0 5 , I s a c t u a l 1 y ’ l e . s sC • . - ■ ■ -

■ t h a n t h e . o b s e r v a t i o n a l u n c e r t a I n t y ' d e t e r m I n e d f o r t h i s

s t a r . We c a n n o t b e ■c o n f 1 d e n t , t h e n , t h a t F I s r e a l .. c ; ■

s i n c e a l l t h r e e p e r i o d i c i t i e s h a v e b e e n r e m o v e d f r o m

t h e 63 H e r d a t a In F i g u r e I V . 1 . 5 . , we e x p e c t t o s e e no

p e a k s o f i m p o r t a n c e , w h i c h In f a c t t u r n s o u t t o - be , t h e .

c a s e . - ■

The ■ l a s t s t e p I n t h e r e d u c t i o n o f t h e 63 H e r d a t a I s ’

t o s u p e r i m p o s e t h e c o n v e r g e d f i t s on t o p o f t h e o r i g i n a l

d a t a t o s e e how t h e y c o m p a r e . The t o p d i a g r a m s I n F i g u r e s

I V . 1 . 6 a ) t o g ) s h o w t h e s e c o m p a r i s o n s .

F o r e a c h n i g h t , t h e ' d a t a u s e d t o p r o d u c e th .e

s u p e r i m p o s e d l i n e s h a v e b e e n c a l c u l a t e d In t h e : f o l l o w i n g

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F i g u r e IV. 1 . 4 . F r e q u e n c y d l a g . r a m o f 63 H e r d a t a

p r e w h i t e n e d by : ■m ■ • , • . ■ :

y ( J ) = 0 . 0 0 8 6 . 5 l n ( 2 % 1 1 . 3 1 7 6 c y / d x ( I ) + 0 . 6 9 1) m ■ . ’.

4 0 . 0 0 6 4 s l n ( 2 T C l 9 . 0 7 0 4 c y / d x ( I ) + . 2 . 3 5 3 ) m : . . •

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■ p r e w h i t e n e d b y : ■ \

' : .- 3 : : .y ( 1 ) = O ' . 0 0 8 6 s l n ( 2 T C I 1 . 3 1 7 6 c y / d x ( î ) - + 0 .,,69 1 ) ' . ' \ ;

m ■ ■ , ■ • V - ' • . '+ 0 ..006 4 3ln(2 7Cl'9.0704 cy/d. x d ' ) ^ 2..*353) '

m "+ 0 1 . 0 0 4 ^ %. J n ' ( 2 ZC 7\ ' 7 2 3 3 c y / a x ( î ) + "4" 1 9 9 ) .

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wa y; t h e t i m e I n t e r v a l b e t w e e n t h e f i r s t - a n d l a s t

■ o b s e r v a t i o n s , was d i v i d e d i n t o iOOO i n c r e m e , n . t s , a n d f o r

e a c h o f t h e s e 1 0 0 0 p o i n t s , ' new m a g n i t u d e v a l u e s we. re

c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e e q u a t i o n ' : . •

' y' ( I . ) = A s i n ( 2 ' F x ( I ) . + ( 0 )1 i ne A ■ ' A • A .

' ■. A 3 i n ( 2‘ F -x( I ) + 0 )• ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ B B ' B ^ '

+ A s l n ( 2 F x ( I ) + 0 ) + m ,C _ C C ..

wh e r e I =■ 1 , 2 , . . , 1 0 0 0 , x ( l ) i s t h e . J u l i a n d a t e

c g r r e s p e n d 1 ng t o t h e I t h i n c r e m e i i t , a n d t h e p a r a m e t e r s

. c o r r e s p o n d t o t h o s e in. Ta b l e , I V . 1 . 1 .

The ( o b s e r v e d - p r e d i c t e d ) r e s . i d u a l s , i n c l u d i n g - a n RMS

r e s i d u a l f o r e a c h n i g h t , a r e s h o wn i n t h e b o t t o m d i a g r a m s

o f F i g u r e I V. 1 . 6 . As . i s a p p a r e n t f r o m a l l 14 d 1 a g r a n \ s ,

Ji j ' e t h r e e - 3 1 n ' e j ’-f i t - a s - shown a b o v e i s- a f a i r l y a c c u r a t e o n e . .' - - 3 - - 3

RH.S . r e s i d u a l s g a n g e d f r o m 5. 4, 7 x- 10 t o 9 . 6 6 x 10

magni t u d e s o v e r , t h e s e v e n n i g h t s ' , b e i n g c o n s i s t ' e n f ,w i t h t h e

• r e s i d u a l s s t a t e d a b o v e f o r t h e t h r e e I n d i v i d u a l

p e r i o d i c i t i e s ( c f . T a b l e I V . 1 . 1 = ) /. ' • ■

. - P r e v i o u s wo r k on. 6 3 . H e r ( B r e g e r 1 9 6 9 ) . h a d r e v e a l e d

o n l y o n e f r e q u e n c y ( p e r i o d ) o f ■ 1 2 . ^ 8 c ÿ / d , (.0. 0 7 7 ) .

Be' crauSe o f t h e l a r g e r d a t a " s e t a n d I m p r o v e d p e r i o d s e a r c h

t e c h n i q u e u s e d h e r e . , h o w e v e r , t h e t wo a n d p e r h a p s t h r e e

' c o n v e r g e d f r e q u e n c i e s d e - r i v e d i n ' . t h i s w o r k mu s t - be ^

c o n s i d e r e d t h e mo r e r e 1 l a b ï e f i t 1 6 t h T s s t a r ' s p u l s a t i o n .

T h e s e / n e w r e s u l t s f o r 6 3 H e r w i l l b e d i s c u s s e d i n d e t a i l i n

C h a p t e r V , , .. . ' - ,

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/

2. V1208 A q u 1 l a ë ■ '

D a t a f o r V 1208 Aql c o n s i s t o f 140 o b s e r v a t i o n s t a k e n ■

d u r i n g t h r e e n i g h t s s p r e a d o v e r s e ve n d a y s . F I g u r e IV . 2 ; i .

s h o ws t t i e I n l . t i a l J u r k e v i ch- ' Sw i n g l e r f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m . ' •

H e r e , a s I n t h e c a s e o f 63 H e r , t h e magn i t u d e i n d e x h a s

b e e n - p l o t t e d o n l y f o r t h e s h o r t f r e q u e n c y i n t e r v a l ’ f r o m O'

t o 15 c y / d s i n ç e no p e a k s o f i n d e x g r e a t e r t h a n t h e

■' l i m i t i n g i n d e x o f 4 . 3 Ç w e r e s e e n b e y o n d F = 15 c y / d . .

O n l y o n e s . y s t e m o f p e a k s i s i m m e d i a t e l y a p p a r e n t w . l n

F i g u r e I V . 2 . i . The p r i m a r y f r e q u e n c y ' s e e ms t o be F = 6 . 9 0• ■ ■ 1 . . . ; A ' , : •

c y / d , a n d f o u r o n e - d a y a l i a s e s a r e s e e n on e a c h s i d e o f

t h i s c e n t r a l p e a k . . , ' ■ .

P3R wa s u s e d t o d e t e r m i n e F a n d i t s p a r a m e t e r s. ■ . . , ■ ' - A m

a c c u r a t e l y , u s i n g F = 6 , 9 c y / d a n d A = 0 . 02 frcm^ F i g u r e sA A

' IV . 2. 1 . a n d I I I . 2 . 3 . , a n d W = m = 0 \ 0 a s d i s c u s s e d a b o v e' ' A ; '

f o r s t a r t i n g v a l u e s . The p r o g r a m c o n v e r g e d on t h e

p a r a m e t e r s s h o wn i n t h e f i r s ^ r o w o f T a b l e ; I V . 2 . 1 .

A s - i n t h e c a s e o f 6 3 . H e r , s e v e r a l o t h e r , s e r i e s o f r u n s

o f P3R w e r e made b o t h w i t h t h e I n i t i a l p h a s e v a r i e d b e t w e e n

0 a n d 2 r t ; a n d a l s o w i t h t h e i n i t i a l f r e q u e n c y s l i g h t l y

" c h a n g e d . The r e s u l t s s h o w e d , h o w e v e r , '• t h a t e i t h e r t h e

r o u t i n e c p n v e r g e d o n - v a l u e s e s s e n t i a l l y t h e s ame a s a b o v e •

o r on ' t o t a l l y d i f f e r e n t . - v a l u e s t h a t w e r e c o n s i d e r e d

s p u r i o u s b e c a u s e ' o f t h e i r h i g h RMS r e s i d u a l s a n d / o r a n

u n a c c e p t a b l e v a l u e f o r t h e f r e q u e n c y ( a s j u d g e d f r o m F i g u r e .

i y . 2 . 1 . ) . F i g u r e I V 2, 2. . s h o ws , t h e , p e r i o d o g r a m

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, p r e w h 1 t e ne d b y ; . ; ■_ m _ . -

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r e s u l t i n g f r o m ' t h e p r e w h ! t e n I n-g o f . t h e .VI208 Aql d a t a by

t h e p a r a m e t e r s f o r t h e d o m i n a n t v a r i a b i l i t y . N o t e t h a t t h e

■Index I n t e r v a l o n t h e y - a x l s h a s b e e n e x p a n d e d by a f a c t o r ■

o f t h r e e s i n c e t h e r e m a i n i n g p e a k s h a v e much- s m a l l e r ,

i n s i g n i f i c a n t a m p l i t u d e s -

The m o s t p r o m i n e n t p e a k s e e n I n F i g u r e T V. 2 . 2 . i s t h e

o n e a t F = 9 . 4 0 c y / d , w h i c h a p p e a r s t o h a v e t h r e e . a 1 i a s e s

on e a c h , s i d e . A s e c o n d , l e s s ' p r om I n e n t e n v e l o p e o f f i v e

p e a k s c a n be s e e n c e n t r e d on t h e . p e a k a t F = 4 . 1 5 " c y / d .' . . c ' -

H o w e v e r , ■ t h e p e a k s a t F a n d F do n o t e x c e e d t h e l i m i t i n g. . ' . B C

i n d e X, a n d h e n c e , m u s t be c o n s i d e r e d l e s s s i g n i f i c a n t .

The . t o p d i a g r a m s i n F i g u r e I V . 2 . 3 . a ) t o c ) s h o w t h e ■

r e s u l t i n g o n e - s i n e , f i t s u p e r I m p o s e d on t h e d a t a f o r V 1 208 ■

A q l , w h e r e t h e l i n e h a s b e e n g e n e r a t e d u s i n g t h e p a r a m e t e r s

f o r F i n T a b l e I V . 2 . 1 . a s d i s c u s s e d e a r l 1 e r . TheA : ■ ■ ;■• ;

( o b s e r v e d p r e d i c t e d ) r e s i d u a l s s h o wn b e l o w - e a c h , t i t• ■ - 3 . . . x f “ 3.

y i e l d e d RMS v a l u e s r a n g 1 h g f r o m 6 . 0 8 x 10 ' t o 7. 7. 2 x i o

magn 1 t l i d e s . ' ' ,. .

- A l t h o u g h F a n d F a r e c o n s i d e r e d l e s s ' s i g n i f i c a n t ,- B. . C , -

t h e r e d u c t 1 on p r o c e d u r e was c o m p l e t e d f o r t h e m ( c f . T a b l e' / ' - ' ' ^ y - * : ' . .

I V . 2 . 1 . ) ' . , A l l t h r e e f r e q u e n c i e s w e r e t h e n i n c l u d e d , i n a

" t h r e e - s i n e f i t t o c o m p a r e w i t h t h e f i t s h o wn i n F i g u r e

IV . 2 . 3 . .Th i 3 t h r e e - 3 1 ne f i t I s s h o w n I n F i g u r e I V . 2 . 4 . ,. - - , ' " . ' ' ' ' : ' : 3 ..

a n d y i e l d s .RMS r e s i d u a l s r a n g 1 n ^ f r o m 4 . 9 9 x 10 t o 6 . 5 8 x

10 m a g n i t u d e s . - B a s e d on t h e RMS r e s i d u a l s , t h i s t h r e e -

s i n e f i t d o e s a p p e a r t o be b e t t e r . t h a n - - t h e o n e - s l ' n e f i t ,

b u t we c a n n o t be p o s i t i v e t h a t F . a n d F r e a l 1 y e x i s t ,■ . ' ■ - - ■ " B - C . ' -' - Ï .

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V I 20 8 . Aql w i t h o n e - s i ne f i t

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I V. 2 . I . ) . - ' C o m p a r e w i t h F i g u r e ' \

. . I V . 2t 4. . . - ,■

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F i g u r e I V . 2 . 4 . a ) - c ) ■ t o p : D i f f e r e n t i a l p h o t o m e t r y , o f

V 12 d 8 Aqî ' w i t h t h r e e - s 1 ne f i t

■ ‘ s u p e r i m p o s e d ( s e e ' T a b l e . 1 V . 2 . ! '

C o m p a r e w i t h F i g u r e - I V . 2 . 3 .

b o t t o m : R e s i d u a l s o f a b o v e t h r e e -

• ■ . t ' s i n e f i t . ' - ■

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V 1 2 0 6 O Q L ' 6 3 0 6 2 8

65 3 . 753 . 7 0 3 , 65 3 . 95

J U L J O N D R Y

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' s i n c e t h e i r e n v e l o p e s w e r e s o much l e s s ^ j h a n t h e l i m i t i n g

I n d e x f o r t h i s s t a r . T h e r e f o r e , o n e m u s t c o n c l u d e f r om

t h i s ' ' a n a l y s i s t h a t VI 208 A q l . i s p u l s a t 1 n g w i t h o n l y one

f r e q u e n c y t h a t we c a n be c o n f i d e n t o f , t h a t I s , . F - 6 . ' 87A

c y / d . ■ . ' ' . . •

R e c e n t wo r k on VI 200 Aql ( P e n a a n d Warm.an 1 9 7 9 )

r e v e a l e d t h a t I t was p u l s a t i n g w i t h t wo f r e q u e n c . t e s _ ' . • d - . d

( p e r i o d s ) o f 7 . 1 1 2 c y / d a n d 6 . 6 78 c y / d ( 0 . ^ 1 4 1 a n d 0 . 1 5 ) ' .

The c o n v e r g e d r e s u l t s d e r i v e d h e r e a r e v e r y c o m p a r a b l e t o

t h e p r e v i o u s w o r k , w i t h F b e i n g e x a c t l y m i d w a y . P l e a s e . . A

s e e C h a p t e b V f o r a c o m p l e t e d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e p e r i o d s o f

' ' V I 208 A q l :■ ’ '

3 . LT V u l p e c u l a e

■ ■ ■ . ' D a t a f o r LT Vul - c o n s i s t o f 66 o b s e r v a t i o n s o b t a i n e d

' d u r i n g t wo n i g h t s s e p a r a t e d b y t h r e e d a y ' s . The I n i t i a l

' J u r k e V 1c h - S w 1n g l e r f r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m I s s h o wn In F i g u r e

I V . 3 . 1 . , w h e r e t h e I n d e x h a s b e e n p l o t t e d o n l y f o r t h e

f r e q u e n c y i n t e r v a l f r o m 0 t o 36 c y / d s i n c e no p e a k s o f :

i n d e x ” g r e a t e r t h a n t h e l i m i t i n g I n d e x . o f I = 2 . 0 4 w e r e

f o u n d b e y o n d F = 36 c y / d . T h i s p e r l o d o g r a m I s b o t h

u n u s u a l a n d c o m p l e x .In a p p e a r a n c e . The p r i m a r y e n v e l o p e .

C e n t r e d a t a b o u t F = 9 . 7 4 . c y / d , e x t e n d s f r o m F = 0 . 0 c y / d , ' . A , y : .

to F = 16.0 cy/d and Is composed of 44 peaks. However,

s i n c e o n l y t wo n i g h t s of . d a t a s e p a r a t e d by t h r e e d a y s we r e

o b t a i n e d , t h e ' a l i a s e s s e e n h e r e a r e t h r e e - d a y a l i a s e s .

That - I s , t h e f r e q u e n c y . I n t e r v a l b e t w e e n a n y t wo a d j a c e n t

7 2

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A

F i g u r e I . 3 . I . F r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m o f LT Vu l d a t a

é

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5 0 . 0

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p e a k s I s 0 . 3 3 3 c y / d , o r I n t e r m s o f p e r i o d , t h ' r e e d a y s . A

s m a l l e r , much l e s s o b t r u s i v e s e c o n d a r y e n v e l o p e I s c e n t r e d

a t a b o u t F = 1 7 . 8 2 c y / d . ,B ■ .

F o r a d r a m a t i c I l l u s t r â t l ô n o f t h e I m p r o v e m e n t b r o u g h t

a b o u t b y t h e J u r k e v I c h - S w I n g l e r m e t h o d , c o m p a r e F i g u r eI» ' .

I V . 3 1 . - wi t h F i g u r e I V . 3 . 2 . , w h e r e , I n d e x h a s b e e n

i ' 'c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e o r i g i n a l J u r k e v I c h m e t h o d .

, • R u n s ' b f P3R a n d s u c c e s s i v e p r e w h i t e n i n g s , c o n d u c t e d a s

In t h e . p r e v i o u s t w o , c a s e s r e v e a l - t h a t LT Vul I s a p p a r e n t l y

p u l s a t i n g w i t h p e r h a p s f . our f r e q u e n c i e s . T a b l e I V. 3 . 1 ' .

l i s t s t h e c o n v e r g e d p a r a m ' e t e r s a n d . t h e i r e r r o r s a n d F i g u r é s

I V . 3 . 3 , I V . 3 . 4 . , a n d I V . 3 . 5 . s h o w p e r I o d o g r a m s o f d a t a \

p r e w h i t e n e d b y F , F a n d ”F , a n d a l l f o u r f r e q u e n c i e s - ,' A A B ,, -

r e s p e c t I v e 1 y . ' , ’

At t h i s p o i n t . I t . m u s t b e n o t e d t h a t , a s s h o w n I n t h e

a b o v e t h r e e f i g u r e s , ' t h e p e a k s o f F a n d F , do n o t e x c e e d. ■ C D ■ , ■ ■

t h e - l i m i t i n g I n d e x f o r t h i s s t a r , - - I m p l y i n g t h a t t h e s e t wo

f r e q u e n c i e s a r e t o be t r e a t e d a s much l e s s s i g n i f i c a n t

c o ' mp a r e d t o F . Ev e n F c a n n o t b e c o n s I d e r e d : a b s o l u t e l y A B - ,

r e l i a b l e , a s I t e x c e e d s I b y a f a c t o r o f o n l y , 1 . 3 .• ■ . . ■ 1 - . ' \

H o w e v e r , a s F i g u r e s I V . 3 . 6 . a ) a n d b ) I l l u s t r a t e , t h e

f o u r c o m b i n e d f r e q u e n c l e s y i e l d a s u r p r i s i n g l y g o o d f i t t o

t h e ' t wo n i g h t s o f d a t a . I f a n y o r a l l o f F , F a n d F a r e , . ■ “ . • B C \ D

o m i t t e d , t h e . RMS r e s i d u a l s r i s e d r a m a t i c a l l y , an d " t h e

s u p e r i m p o s e d f i t s s i m p l y d o n o t l o o k c o r r e c t . Of t h e s e

t h r e e f r e q u e n c i e s , F w o u l d halve t o b e c o n s i d e r e d t h e m o s t ' ' . . . B . y I % , . 'r e l i a b l e . , F i g u r e s I V . 3 . 7 a ) a n d b ) I l l u s t r a t e t h e f i t t o

74

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F i g u r e I V“. 3 . 2 . UnmodFf Led JurKe-v/ i ch f r e q u e n c y ' diagra'm' o f • 0

LT Vul d a t a ( t o cq .'n p a re w i t h F i g u r e

I V . 3 . 1 ) .

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V

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<3S

1 I 1 Xa' 1 . O at 1 C' 11 11 1 3

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1 --1 I 1 --1 • I O1 1+ 1+ J 1+ \ 1 + CO ( I+* . (t ( 1 + 1 1+ ■ 1 1 O1 o o o • ! O O 1 Ô 1 . o O 1 o <5T ! O O. 1 o CD. 1 TJ 1 o• 1 1 I : 1 <1 o o VD 1 O O i o CD I o o o to 1 O 1 o S3 i -S ( O1 o iU W O ' 1 O,cu 1 to - 1 o <T\ to at 1 o o 1 O A 1 O. 11 O ju. at o I o 'O 1 O I ^ to 1 o to I' ^ sj - CÛr —VO CO 1 ÎOo Ok A. 1 <7\ 1 U> 1 1 a O

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F i g u r e I V. 3 . 3 . ' F r e q u e n c y . d i a g r a m o f LT Vu l d a t a

p r e w h ! t e n e d by : 'm

y ( I ) = 0 . 0 1 9 5 s t n ( 2 7 T 9 . 7 4 7 4 c y / d x ( I ) i 3 . 1 8 6 )m

0 . 0 6 2 5 ■ '

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1 0 . 0

e . 0

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I N D E X

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F i g u r e Î V / 3 . 4 . F r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m o f ' LT Vyl d a t a

■ p r e w h i t e n e d b y :

' y ( I ) - 0 . 0 1 9 5 3 l n ( 2 7 C 9 . 7 4 7 4 c y . /d x ( I ) + 3 . 1 8 6 ) m '

+ 0 . 0 0 4 9 s l n ( 2 / C l 6 . 2 5 2 1 c y / c t ' x ( I ) + 8 . 4 7 3 ) ,m . -

+ 0 . 8 6 2 5 ' ■ ' ■

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1 0 . 0

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-7

IF i g u r e 1V . 3 ^ 5 F r e q u e n c y d i a g r a m o f LT ■ Vul ' d a t a

p r e w h 1t e n e d by :

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■+•0 . 0 0 4 9 s I n ( 2 K 16.. 252 1 c y / d x ( I ) + 8 . 4 7 3 ) m '

. ■ + 0 . 002 9 s i nC2 7T 3 1 . 8 2 7 0 c y / d x ( I ) + 3 / 9 45 )m ’ , ' ' ■ ■ '

+ 0 . 0 0 3 5 s l n ( 2 T C 6 . 9 0 0 8 . : c y / d x d ) + 2 . 8 7 1 )m / - _ •

f 0 . 8 6 2 5 ‘ ' . .

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10 . 0I T VUL

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.F i g ur e I V . 3 . 6 . , a) - b) • to-p; D i f f e r e n t i a l p h o t o m e t r y o f LT

Vul w i t h f o u r - s t h e f i t

s u p e r i m p o s e d ( s e e T a b l e I V . 3 . 1 . ) .

■ b o t t o m: R e s i d u a l s o f - a b o v e f o u r -

. • . s I ne f i t .

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0 . 8 2 0 — y -L T V U L ■ 8 3 0 6 1 7

à 0 . 8V5 •

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0 . 8 2 0LT VUL

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F i g u r e I V . 3 . 7 . a ) - b ) t o p : D i f f e r e n t i a l p h o t o m e t r y o f LT

Vul w i t h t w o - 5 I ne f i t s u p e r i m p o s e d

( s e e t e x t ) . '■ ' ‘

C o mp a r e t o ' F i g u r e IV . 3 . 6

. b o t t o m : R e s i d u a l s o f a b o v e L w o - s l n e

■ " . f i t .

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LT VUL 8 3 0 6 1 7

0 . 9V5

0 . 070

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6 5 Z . 70 2 . 75 2 . 65 2 . 90 2 . 9 5

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0 . 8 2 0

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• t h e - l i g h t c u r v e s o f LT Vul - u s i n g o n l y .F a n d F- , As s h o wn . ■ . " - ' A B ' .

In b o t h t h e d la g lra w s ' t h e w s e 1 v e s a n d t h e RMS v a l u e s , t h e

t w o - 8 1 ne . f i t i s o b v i o u s l y n o t q u i t e a s g o o d ,a s , t h e f o u r -

s i n e f i t . B u t , ' i s t h e f o u r - s i n e f i t r e a l ? , . We t h i n k

p e r h a p s n o # . Mor e o b s e r v a t i o n s ' o f LT Vul ai~e n e e d e d b e f o r e' : I I -

a f i r m d e c i s i o n e i t h e r way c a n be ma d e , .

P r e v i o u s wo r k on . LT 'Vu 1 r e s u 1 t e d i n o n l y one f r e q u e n c y' . ■ ' ' • d.'

( p e r i o d ) o f ’ 1Ô. 42 c y / d ( 0 . 0 ^ 6 ) b e i n g . d e t e c t e d ( B r e g e r

1-969), ' w b l c h i s c o m p a r a b l e t o t h e v a l u e o f F o b t a i n e d ■ ■ / . ' - ' ■ A

h e r e . ' The d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e p e r i o d s o f LT Vul c o n t i n u e s In

t h e n e x t c h a p t e r . . . . ■

8 4 , ,

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QbâcîSLs: Yi- DiaeyaaiaQ ai Eaaalia

As a s a i d t o t h e d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e r e s u l t s f o r t h e

t h r e e p r o g r a m ' s t a r s . I t I s I n s t r u c t i v e t o c o m p a r e t h e

l o c a t i o n o f t h e s e s t a r s I n t h e HR d i a g r a m w i t h t h e

l o c a t i o n o f o t h e r S - S c u t 1 v a r i a b l e s . F o r t h i s p u r p o s e I t

1 s n e c e s s a r y t o e s t 1 m a t e t h e 1 r l u m i n o s i t i e s a n d e f f e c t l \ / e

t e m p e r a t u r e s , p a r a m e t e r s w h i c h c a n be d e t e r m i n e d a s In

P e t e r s e n a n d J o r g e n s e n ( 1 9 7 2 ) ( h e r e i n a f t e r PJ > u s i n g

S t r o m g r e n s y s t e m a n d H p h o t ome t r y o f t h e s t a r s . S u c h

e s t i m a t e s a r e n e c e s s a r i l y , r a t h e r c r u d e d u e t o t h e

l i m i t a t i o n s I m p o s e d b y p h o t o m e t r i c e r r o r s ( t y p i c a l l y

. 0 1 ) a n d s c a t t e r I n t h e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n s t o M a n d■ • . • . • b o l

l o g . T . H o w e v e r , t h e y do p r o v i d e a s o u n d b a s i s f o re f f ' • ■ ; •

u n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e c a u s e o f t h e l i g h t v a r 1 a t 1o n s I n o u r

p r o g r a m s t a r s . .' ' . ' ' '

T a b l e V . l . s u m m a r i z e s t h e p u l s a t i o n f r e q u e n c i e s f o r

t h e t h r e e p r o g r a m ' s t a r s a s o b t a i n e d I n • C h a p t e r IV.

C o r r e s p o n d i n g p e r i o d s h a v e a l s o b e e n I n c l u d e d , a s I t I s now

mor e c o n v e n i e n t t o s p e a k o f ' p e r i o d ' r a t h e r t h a n.V,)'

' f r e q u e n c y ' . I n c l u d e d In t h e t a b l e a r e e s t i m a t e s o f

s t e l l a r ma s s M/ M0, l o g s u r f a c e ^ g r a v i t y g , a b s o l u t e '

b o l o m e t r l c - m a g n i t u d e M - , a n d l o g e f f e c t i v e . t e m p e r a t u r e ,bol ■ ' '

T . taken from PJ. These values haye been used to e f f , ■■■-' , ■, - ■

determine pulsation constants Q for the stars,’ using the' n , : _

standard formula for the pulsation ponstant (equation (1),

Chapter I) which has been transformed Into the following

equation (taken from PJ)r ■ •

85 .

Page 126: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

■f-

I & b l e y ^ l ^ i â ü ia a L Y 2 i E r o g c S i . Siac EacaafeSaca

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V I 208 Aql 2 . 2 5 0 . 6 3 3 . 6 7 3 . 8 9 3 0 ■ Ô . 1456 ( 6 . 8 7 0 )

—----- 0 . 0 3 1 3

-1

n r ?

0 . 1063.( 9 . 4 0 9 )

0 . 1941'^ ( 5 . 1 5 2 )

0 . 7 3

1 . 3 3

0 . 0 2 28

0 . 0 6 0 5

LT Vul 2 . 08 0 . 80 1

3 . 6 2 3 . 8 7 0 0. • 0 . 1 4 4 9 ( 6 . 9 0 1 )

---------------- 0 . 0 3 9 4

.1 0 . 1 0 2 6

< 9 . 7 4 7 )0 . 7 1 0 . 0 2 0 8

• >4? 0 . 0 6 1 5 ^

( 1 6 . 2 5 2 )0 . 4 2 0 . 0 1 2 4

7? 0 . 0 3 1 4 + ( 3 1 . 8 2 7 )

0 . 2 2 0 . 0 0 8 5

* fro* Petersen and Jorgensen 1972

f low-weight periodicity (see Chapter IV)

Page 127: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

l o g Q = - 6 . 4 5 4 + . lo g P + 0 . S l o g g * 0 . 1 M _ ,+ l o g Tn ■ ' b o l ' e f f

I. E s t i m a t e s f o r s t e l l a r ma s s n e e d e d t o o b t a i n v a l u e s . f o r

t h e s u r f a c e g r a v i t y c a n be m ade b y c o m p a r i n g M a n d l o g• . . b o l

T f o r t h e s e v a r i a b l e s w i t h t h e r e s u l t s ' p r e d i c t e d . f r o m -e f f

s t e l l a r e v o l u t i o n a r y m o d e l s G i v e n t h e u n c e r t a i n t i e s In

s u c h m o d e l s r e s u l t i n g f r o m c h e m i c a l c o m p o s i t i o n d i f f e r e n c e s

a n d I n a c c u r a c i e s I n t h e e v o l u t i o n a r y c o d e s , t h e r e s u l t i n g

e s t i m a t e s o f Q t e n d t o be a c c u r a t e o n l y t o a b o u t t e n h - .

p e r c e n t . H o w e v e r , t h i s I s a c c u r a t e •e n o u g h f o r o u r p u r p o s e s .

F i g u r e V . l . i s a n HR d i a g r a m f o r t h e t h r e e p r o g r a m

s t a r s a n d I n c l u d e s o t h e r s e l e c t e d s i n g l e - a n d d o u b l e - m o d e

pyScu 1 1 v a r i a b l e s t a k e n f r o m A n d r e a s e n ( 1 9 8 3 ) . The n u m b e r

a c c o m p a n y i n g e a c h p o i n t I n d i c a t e s t h e f u n d a m e n t a l - p e r i o d o f

p u l s a t i o n In d a y s f o r e a c h s t a r ( P > .'

' I n a d i a g r a m o f t h i s t y p e , l i n e s o f c o n s t a n t

f u n d a m e n t a l p e r i o d r u n â B E C O jç im è ie iy p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e

b o r d e r s o f t h e I n s t a b i l i t y s t r i p ( K r a f t 1 9 6 3 ) , a n d a s , ■ ■ -C ■

F i g u r e V . l . I l l u s t r a t e s , ^ ' - S c u t l s t a r s o f s i m i l a r p e r i o d do

s e e m t o l i e a l o n g l i n e ' s w h i c h l i e p e r p e n d i c u l a r t o t h e

I n s t a b i l i t y s t r i p ' s r e d e d g e ( p l o t t e d a s a d a s h e d l i n e In

F i g u r e V . l ) . T h i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f ^ - S c u t l s t a r s

( a n d p u l s a t i n g s t a r s I n g e n e r a l ) e n a b l e s u s t o d e t e r m i n e

f o r e a c h p r o g r a m s t a r w h i c h p e r i o d I s l i k e l y t o r e p r e s e n t

t h e f u n d a m e n t a 1 p e r i o d P f o r r a d l a l p u l s a t i o n .. 0 '

6 3 H e r . a p p e a r s t o l i e a l o n g a c o n s t a n t p e r i o d l i n e- . '

c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o ' a b o u t P 0 - . 0 9 , . w h i c h l e a d s u s t o. ' . - 0 . . - d - .

c o n c l u d e t h a t I t s f u n d a m e n t a l p e r i o d I s P 0 . 0 8 8 4 ,■ ' ■. . ■ ' ■ . 0 .

87

Page 128: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

F i g u r e , V . I . ' HR ' d 1agram s h o w i n g t h e p o s i t i o n s and p e r i o d s

o f t h e t h r e e ■ p r o g r a m s t a r s i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h

t h e p o s i t i o n s a n d - ' p e r i o d s o f o t h e r k n o wn

^ - S c u t I s t a r s ( t a k e n f r o m T a b l e s 2 a n d 4 o f

■ A n d r e a s o n , 1 9 8 3 ) . ' O p e n s q u a r e s 'and t r i a n g l e s

i n d i c a t e , r e s p e c t i v e l y , ' . s i n g l e - a n d

d o u b l e - m o d e ^ - S c u t I v a r i a b l e s . The d a s h e d

l i n e a p p r o x i m a t e l y i n d i c a t e s t h e r e d e d g e o f

t h e i n s t a b i l i t y s t r i p .

Page 129: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

0:6 ,V1208 Aql Aa? 23

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Page 130: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

d ' . .r a t h e r t h a n 0 . 1 2 9 5 , w h i c h i s t h e l o n g e s t p e r i o d f o u n d h e r e

f o r t h i s s t a r . P r e v i o u s a u t h o r s ( P J j P e t e r s e n , 1976» B r e g e r

1979» e t c . ) h a v e d e t e r m i n e d t h a t a p e r i o d r a t i o P / P o f. r . . 0 .

0 . 7 4 t o 0 . 7 8 I s t y p i c a l o f a - S c u t 1 r a d i a l , p u l s a t i o n In t h e

f u n d a m e n t a l a n d f i r s t o v e r t o n e CP > mode s , ' v h 11 e, a r a t i o o f

■ P / P = O'. 60 I s e x p e c t e d f o r r a d i a l p u l s a t i o n In t h e2 0 • . .

f u n d a m e n t a l a n d s e c o n d o v e r t o n e ( P ) m o d e s . F o r 63 H e r , t h e. . 2 . : .

r a t 1o o f t h e p e r i o d s o f I t s t wo l a r g e s t a m p l i t u d e

v a r i a t i o n s .0 . 0 5 2 4 t o 0 . 0 8 8 4 : ‘ l s 0 . 5 9 , w h i c h a p p e a r s t o be

I n d i c a t i v e o f r a d i a l p u l s a t i o n In t h e f u n d a m e n t a l a n d

s e c o n d o v e r t o n e m o d e s . Th e t h i r d p e r i o d d e t e r m i n e d f o r

t h i s s t a r , 0 . 1 2 9 5 , d o e s f n o t c o mb i n e , w i t h e i t h e r o f t h e

o t h e r t wo p e r i o d s t o p r o d u c e ' r a t i o s w h i c h - f i t . t h e

p r e d i c t i o n s f o r r a d i a l p u l s a t i o n . Q u i t e p o s s i b l y i t

r e p r e s e n t s s ome f o r m o f n o n - r a d I a 1 p u l s a t i o n f o r . t h e s t a r ,

p a r t i c u l a r l y s i n c e th e , a m p l i t u d e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h i s

v a r i a b i l i t y I s q u l t e s m a l l . < ■

Much t h e s ame t y p e o f a r g u m e n t c a n be c o n s t r u c t e d f o r

V I 208 A q l . I t s l o c a t i o n In t h e HR d i a g r a m s u g g e s t s t h a t' ' d '

I t s f u n d a m e n t a l . p e r i o d s h o u l d be P, = 0 . 1 4 5 6 , r a t h e r t h a nd ' , ■ d

• 0 . 1 9 4 1 . The - p e r i o d r a t i o ' o f 0®.,. 1063 ^ t o 0 . 1 4 5 6 g i v e s

0.73, which suggests radial pulsation in the fundamental

a n d f i r s t o v e r t o n e m o d e s . As w i t h 6 3 H e r , t h e t h i r d p e r i o d , d ' '

0 .1941, conceivably represents a non-radlal mode since It■ ■ " / '■ . ' , ' '

does not combine with other periods to produce ratios

typical of radial pulsation modelé.. An alternate

possibility for the long period variations In both of

89

Page 131: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

t h e s e s t a r s I s t h a t t h e y SVe s i w p l y s p u r i o u s , . a s t h e i r

a m p l i t u d e s a r e n o l a r g e r t h a n t h e p r e d i c t e d o b s e r v a t i o n a l

s c a t t e r f o r t h e t wo s t a r s .

LT Vul p r e s e n t s a s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t c a s e . I t s

p o s i t i o n I n t h e HR d i a g r a m I n d i c a t e s t h a t I t s l o n g e s t

p e r i o d o f v a r i a b i l i t y , , 0 . 1 4 4 9 , t s p r o b a b l y a l s o I t s

f u n d a m e n t a l p e r i o d . H o w e v e r , t h é p e r i o d i c i t y h a v i n g t h e

l a r g e s t a m p l i t u d e ( I . e . t h e ' s t r o n g e s t ' m o d e ) I s P d ■ ■ - ■- ■ , 1.

0 . 1 0 2 6 , . w h i c h c a n be I d e n t i f i e d w i t h p u l s a t i o n in t h e

f i r s t o v e r t o n e mo d e . The l ow P ’ / P r a t i o s f o r t h en 0

r e m a i n i n g t wo p e r i o d s I n d i c a t e t h a t t h e y may be r a d i a l

o v e r t o n e mo d e s o f a h i g h e r o r d e r ( p o s s i b l y n = 4 ' a n d ' 7 1 ) ,

a l t h o u g h . t h e 1 r a m p l i t u d e s a r e s o ' s ma l l c o m p a r e d t o t h e

o b s e r v a t i o n a l n o i s e t h a t t h e y c o u l d s i m p l y b e s p u r i o u s .

T a b l e V . l . . s u m m a r i z e s t h e r a d i a l ( n ) a n d n o n - r a d l a l

( n r ? ) p u l s a t j o n mode I d e n t i f i c a t i o n ' s f o r t h e t h r e e p r o g r a m, V , ■ ■ . , -

s t a r s a s d i s c u s s e d a b o v e , L o w - w e l g h t I d e n t i f i c a t i o n s ( I . e .

t h o s e h a v i n g a m p l I t u d e s no l a r g e r t h a n o b s e r v a t i o n a l n o i s e )

■are m a ^ e d . w i t h a c r o s s ( + ) I n t h e t a b l e , a n d I t s h o u l d be

n o t e d t h a t t h e s e l i g h t v a r i a t i o n s c o u l d In a l l c a s e s be

spurious. ;

P e t e r s e n ( 1 9 7 6 ) a n d A n d r e a s e n & t ^ s l ( 1 983 ' ) ' h a v e

c a l c u l a t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g t h e o r e t i c a l p u l s a t i o n c o n s t a n t s

f o r r à d l a l p u l s a t i o n b a s e d ' u p o n P o p u l a t i o n I , , ma i n

s e q u e n c e ; c Ç - S c u t l m o d e l s :

Q ( t h e o ) = 0 . 0 3 1 0 - 0 . 0 3 4 0 , '0

Q ( t h e o ) = 0 . 0 2 4 0 - 0 . 0 2 7 0 ,1 ' . '

90

Page 132: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

. 0 ( t h e o ) = 0 . 0 2 0 1 , V■ 2 ' ■ ■

Q ( t h e o ) ? 0 . 0 1 7 0 .' . 3

F o r a l l t h r e e p r o g r a m s t a r s , t h e v a l u e s o f Q ( a l l• ■ ' - 0

t h r e e s t a r s ) , Q ( V I 208 Aq l a n d LT V u l ) a n d Q ( 6 3 H e r )1 ' ■ ‘ , 2 •

s e e m t o c o r r e l a t e f a i r l y w e l l w i t h t h e s e p r e d i c t i o n s .

A l t h o u g h some s c a t t e r I s p r e s e n t ; e s p e c i a l l y In t h e c a s e o f

-LT V u l , t h e s e Q v a l u e s t e n d t o r e i n f o r c e o u r c o n c l u s i o n s

r e g a r d i n g w h i c h r a d i a l mo d e s o f p u l s a t i o n ar . e p r e s e n t .

I n s u m m a r y . I t a p p e a r s t h a t 63 H e r , V1208 Aql a n d LT

Vul a r e p u l s a t i n g w i t h t h e p e r i o d s . a n d mo d e s d i s c u s s e d

a b o v e a n d l i s t e d In T a b l e ' V . l , A l t h o u g h p r o g r e s s , h a s b e e n

- dT' - ' -made In I d e n t i f y i n g p e r I o d 1 c l 1 1e s I n t h e l i g h t v a r i a t i o n s

f o r ' . t h e s e t h r e e s t a r s , f u r t h e r o b s e r v a t i o n s w o u l d g r e a t l y

h e l p t o c o n f i r m a l l o f t h e e s t i m a t e d p e r i o d s d i s c u s s e d

h e r e . I n t h e c a s e o f V I 208 Aql a n d LT Vul e s p e c i a l l y , a ' -

. l a r g e r d a t a s e t w i l l be n e c e s s a r y t o d e t e r m i n e w h e t h e r o r

\ n o t t h e 1 o w - a m p l 1 t u d e p e r i o d s f o r e a c h s t a r a r e r e a l .

- , We h a v e a l s o c o n c l u d e d t h a t , t h e ■ ' J u r k e v 1c h - S w 1n g l e r

p e r i o d s e a r c h t e c h n i q u e y i e l d s c l e a n e r , c l e a r e r ' - f r e q u e n c y

d i a g r a m s w h i c h " a r e much e a s i e r t o I n t e r p r e t t h a n t h o s e

. p r o d u c e d u s i n g t h e o r i g i n a l J u r k e v l c h r o u t i n e : , ' • T h i s :

■' . Improved m e t h o d f o r g e n e r a t i n g s u c h d i a g r a m s s h o u l d be ' o f

■g r e a t v a l u e In f u t u r e ç f - S c u t l ( o r s i m i l a r ) - p e r i o d s e a r c h

w o r k . ' ■,

9 1

Page 133: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

APPkNDIX A .

D I F F F R t M T I A l ' P H O T O M K T R Y K U K 6 3 HERCULI5 I N . T H F F O R M A I ( V A R i A I U ; T H I F C K - H T A R . )

N U M B E R O F R U I N I H - 3 2 7

C U I . U M N H A R F : -JI.IF'YAM ).i;Vr ( D I F F E R E N T l A I

' 2 4 4 U U B O ) ■

V M A U N I: r U D E

8 , 7 1 1 6 0 . ' 8 6 6 3

8 . 7 1 / 9 ^ 0 . 8 6 9 2

8 . 7 2 1 ‘9 0 , 8 7 3 3

8 . - 7 2 8 8 0 . 8 6 7 0

8 , 7 2 9 4 0 , B_6 6 9

H . 7 3 7 4 C) , 8 7 4 1

8 . 7 3 7 3 ' 0 , 8 7 0 ' J \

8 . / 4 1 2 0 . 8 . 7 4 8

8 : 7 4 5 0 0 . 8 6 5 8

8 , 7 4 8 9 0 . 8 6 8 2

8 , 7 5 3 0 ■ 0 , 8 7 1 7

8 , 7 5 6 9 ■ 0 . 8 5 9 6

8 , 7 6 0 7 0 . 8 8 0 6

8 . 7 6 5 3 0 . 8 8 1 7

8 , 7 6 9 2 0 . 8 8 1 3

8 : 7 / 3 1 0 , 8 H 4 (i

8 , 7 7 8 3 ' 0 , 8 8 3 3

8 . 7 8 2 . S 0 . 8 7 8 6

8 . 7 8 6 2 0 . 8 6 4 5

8 . 7 9 0 2 0 . 8 6 5 8

8 . 7 9 3 9 0 : 8 5 5 8

8 . 7 9 7 5 0 , 8 5 2 7

8 , 8 0 0 9 - - 0 , 8 5 5 0

8 . 8 0 4 6 0 . 8 4 7 5

8 . 8 0 8 7 0 , 8 5 5 §

8 . 8 . 1 2 2 . 0 . 8 5 8 2 '

8 . U 1 6 0 0 . 8 6 8 8

8 . 8 1 9 6 0 . 8 6 2 1

8 , 8 2 3 1 0 , 8 7 2 2

8 . 8 2 6 7 . . Ü . 8 6 / 6

0- , 8 3 1 2 0 . 8 8 8 2

H . 8 3 4 8 - o ' , . 8 9 4 0

8 , 8 3 8 5 0 , 8 8 6 3

B . 8 4 4 F.i 0 . 8 8 1 3

8 . 8 4 8 1 0 . Ü 7 5 4

8 . 8 5 5 : . ( ' , 8 7 5 8

8 , ' . 8 5 5 3 . 0 . 8 6 4 0

8 , 8 5 9 3 0 , 8 6 6 5

8 , 8 6 2 5 0 ^ % 7 3 4

8 , 8 7 2 2 . 0 . 8 8 7 4

8 , 8 7 5 8 0 . 8 8 8 5

8 . 8 7 9 3 0 . 8 9 0 3 .

8 . 8 8 2 6 . 0 , 8 7 3 2

8 . 8 8 ^ 2 , 0 ,8.74 88 , 8 8 9 6 . Ô . 8 8 0 89 y 6 7 6 9 , . , 0 . 8 7 0 49 , 6 b l O ■ 0 , 8 5 4 79 , 6 8 4 6 . 0 . 8 5 2 29 / 6 8 8 9 0 , 8 5 8 19 , 6 9 2 7 ■ 0 , 85 739.. 6 9 6 4 0 , 8 5 08

Page 134: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

9

V9

• ■ 9

9

9

. 9 9 9 9

9

9

yV 9

9. 9

9 .

9

■y' 9

y■ -9

, 9

- ■ ?

y9 9

9y 9y

■ 9 ,

y .

9 . H4 4 6 - 9 . W4H4 ' 9 . 8 5 3 9

, H 5 /9-.i 8 6 2 0. 8 / 5 8 . Ü^ ^ 5 , 8 / 4 2 . 8 8 4 3. 8BH0 , 4 7 4 0 , / Hü 3

] 0 , 4 8 4 9 :l 0 . 6 8 9 ]

6 9 3 6 / O / / 7 1 2 1 / ; 158 7 201 7 24:1 / 2 8 6

/ 0 O7 7 03 6 7071 7 1 12 7 ^ 4 / / I H O

' 7 2'5 1 7 789 7 3 2 8 7.3 7 1 ' 7405 7445 7487 7526 / 61 1, 7657 7 6 9 6 774 2. 7 780 7.820

■/ h ; ; f!

791 47 952 798 88 03 0 8 06 6 y I 0 0 8 1 3 5 8 J.67 8 2 0 4 H :> 3 H

8 2.91 8.1 l.l 6 8 364

99

■■ 9-, 9 99,

1.0-:l 0

10. 10 1 0 , 10 1 0 ,

10 . 10 ,

0 • 8 56 8 0 . 8 5 9 4 0 , 8,6 5 9 0 , 8 7 2 7 0 . H 7 3 4 0 . 8/68 0 . H 6 7 6 0 . 8 7 1 5 , 0 ..8591 ■ 0 . 8 5 7 6 0 > 8 668

. 0 , 8689- 0 . y 53 6 Ü . 81) 6 6 0 . 8 5 2 9 0 , 8 7 1 8 0 . H 7 5 8 0 . 8 7 9 0 0 . W6 4 7 0 , 8 7.17 0 . 8 5 6 2 0 . 8 7 9 0 0 . 8 7 0 7 0 . 8 7 1 9 0 . 8 76 7 0 , 8 7 3 8 . 0 . 8 7 9 8 0 . 8 8.39 0 . 8 7 6 9 ' 0 . 8 8 5 9 0 . 8 7 9 ^ 0 . 8 8 0 7 0 . 86 : 14 0 , 8 7 7 4 0 , H 6 6 0 ' . >.8696 Ô . 8 5 1 4 , 0 . 8 6 1 1 Ü , y 713 0 , 8 5 8 7 0 . 8 5 2 1 0 . 8 6 0 4 0 . 8 6 7 3 0 , 8 73.4 0 . 8 7 3 6 0 , 8 8 4 30 . 8 709 0 . 8 7 1 3 Ü. 8 8 2 5 0 , 8 8 3 4 0 , 8 7 3 4 0 . 8895. () . 8 8 5 7 •0 . 8 8 3 6 .0 . 8 8 1 4 0 , 8 7 3 4

Page 135: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

10 . 7 :i59 0 , 8 5 9 ?■1,0.74 00 -■ 0 . 8 6 4 11 0 . 7 4.4 : 0 , 8 5 9 61 0 . 7 4 / y . 0 , 8 5 6 81 0 . / 5 2 0 ' 0 . 8 6 3 2 !1 0 , 7'. .,62 0 . 8 6 5 01 0 . 7 5 9 4 0 , 8 ^ 9 51 0 . 7 6 J 9 0 . 8 7 4 4 '1 0 . 7 6 7 9 0 .8.699 '1 0..'7 71 6 0 . 8 7 9 3

. 1 0 . 7 7 4 9 1), 8 7 7 61 0 , 7 7 9 7 0 . 8 8 7 91 0 . 7 8 4 0 0 , 8 7 3 8i 0 . 7 8 H i j ' 0 , 8 8 4 11 0 . 7 9 2 ? - . 0 , 8 8 6 81 0 . / 9 5 5 . 0 . 8 6 9 31 0 . 7 9 9 9 0 , 8 8 1 5 .1 0 . H O ,5 3 . ■ 0 , 8 7 3 0 .1 0 . 8 0 6 8 0 . 8 8 6 11 0 , H ;l 0 2 0 . 8 8 6 91 0 , 8 1 3 6 - ' 0 , 8 7 6 710. H: 170 0 . 8 / 6 6

1 0 . 8 3 0 1 .0 . 8 7 3 01 0 , 8 2 3 0 - 0 , 8 7 8 41 0 , 8 3 6 7 0 . 8 8 3 71 0 . 8 3 0 4 - 0 , 8 6 7 01 0 . 8 3 4 7 ■ 0 . 8 6 1 51 0 . 8 3 8 3 6 ^ 8 6 4 7

. 1 0 , 8 4 2 3 0 . H 7 0 5

1 0 . 8 4 :-j 4 0 , 8 5 6 21 0 , 8 4 8 4 •' ' 0 , 8 / 3 71 0 . 8 3 I B . 0 . 8 6 ? ?1 0 . 8 5 4 8 0 . 8 6 4 11 0 . . 8 . H 4 ■ ' 0 , 8 7 8 8 .1 6 , 6 7 5 7 ; 0 , 8 6 5 31 6 ^ 6 7 9 8 - , Q . 8 7 1 5

. 1 6 , 6 8 4 5 0 . 8 7 8 51 6 . 6 8 8 ? 0 , 8 6 9 41 6 , 6 9 2 0 ' - 0 , 87011 6 . 6 9 5 7 0 . 8 7901 6 . 6 9 8 8 ' 0 , .879716% 702 9 0 » 8 8 2 61 6 , 7 0 6 6 0 , 8 7 6 71 6 . 7 1 0 3 .1) , 8 7,371 6 , 7 1 3 9 0 . 8 6 9 81 6 . 7 1 7 1 0 . 8 6 5 0

1 6 . 7 2 0 6 . 0 , 8 6 4 ? ' ,1 6 \ 7 2 4 4 0 / 8 6 9 41 6 , 7 2 7 6 ' . 0 , 8 7 3 91 6 , 7 3 1 1 0 . 8 8 1 4

16 ,'7 34 5 ' 0 , 8 7 5 41 6 , 7 3 7 5 . - O . 8 7 7 01 6 , 7 4 0 9 ' 0 : 8 7 6 9 .

' 1 6 . 7 4 3 9 0 . 8 7 4 51 6 , 7 4 / 2 . - 0 . 8 74 71 6 , 7 5 0 3 . 0 . 8 / 3 4

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. W R I T E ( 4 , ; . E 8 ) ~ ,

W R I T E ( 4 , 8 ) K V ; K V E R R • • • ■ . . . • '

W . R . n E ( 4 r x 6 . ) I N I E P I ,• f K ' i E R R • • . '

0 1 O H E ( O N I I - 4 ) . . .

E - . . . , .O r - F O R M A I B l A T E H . E N T 8 '

I F O R M A T (■ A ' 2 r 2 > ; r E 7 - . 4 , 2 X r F 6 , 0 E S X r F 4 , o ' )

. 2 ■ E O R H A T ( I X , A 7 7 3 X , ) 6 , / )

3 F O R M A T ( I X r I A R E E : X ' r / ) " . ' . "

4 ' , F O R M A T ( ,1 X , S I A R ' 7 3 , X 0 1 ; A X 7 ' H A ' 7 7 X , ' , S ; < I ( V I N S T ' ) ■

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i ? F O k H A T C ' ------------------------------ -T.----------------------: .............. ' )

3 3 F I ( ' ---------------------------- r r --------------------- ' )' . j ' F O R MA I ( : !X f A2 , 2 X r F 6 . 4 r 2 > : r F A . , 2) : , \ F7 . 3 r 2X. , F 5 , 3 )

6 t D R M A T ( ' , ' ) '7 • . .F' t )RHA r f F>; r ' . I ARI F' ï ( ' > / )3 3 F ORMA I U . X 7 ' ' FROM THF I I H R O U T I N F X , / )H F O R M A T ! t X r ' K V ■ / t F 7 . 5. - ' F / - ' r F 7 . Iv ) • .

3 9 , • F O R M A l ( I X , ' ' ) '1 6 F 0 R H A T ( 1 X r ' .1. N I F. R OFI F’ r , - ' ^ F" / . R i ' ) 7 ' f F 7 . ' l , )

• 9 - FORMA' I ( : tX r ' S ' I AR ' r 4>; f H l / r 7>; r ' VO ' ) .1 9 ■ l I I K H A K 1 X , A3 > 3 X , F'7 , -1 ,:■>;< 7 K 7 . ^ \ .1 g I A R M A T ' ! F 7 . 4 , F H . A ) , . ' ' 'R5 F OR MA T ( A Y , I / . ' , I X , ' ) 3 , I X , F Y . 6 ) ■ • 'I 7 F I l R M A I ( 3 X , FA . 3 , A X , F"6 . 3 )■ ' , . - '3 4 ; F O R M A I ( .1 :<•/;•'U H A Ï H A I A F 1 I F '? ' > ' ' -

3 5 F AK ' H A l n I > ■

T - F M n . ' - ' ■ • . , ■ ■ ■ ■ '

• ■ C A L L F X T T . ' . 'F N À ' ' .

r; ' F FI F FI U LOW I N C FI JNI : i d I N C A L C t I L A Ï F . S A F. A A - T F M F ( X T R R F C T I O N :C S T A R AN H S f C • C( H) > n H TM T H F )TATA F I I F ARF ASHUMF: ) : ! . TQ B F ' ''i; c n i . I R T ' v F' KR S F C O K ’ )! , -

T UNI ' I I O N ' NI A AT H ( CN TS ) 'ÜF AHT M ^3 ‘ M T H ÿ ( I . 0 U , 0 l - ' - 7 i < C M T S )RE-TWK'N ' ■ • ■ ■ .FMI ! ■■ , . ■ . . ■ C ' '

C I HF F A l 'l I IW I R L S H B R O l I T T N F : TH A L i k ’ F.AR L F A S T S D U A R F S P R d L R A MC I HA I C A L C U I . A. TFS S I (TF'F AN A Y - T N T f: RCF F'T A NIC T H F ' T R F ' ROBA BL F ' 'f ■ F R R D R S , ■ , ■ ' :

S U B R O I I T t.l\'F_ L I J d K V . K V F R R ' r T R T C F ' T , ( N T F R R ). . • r UMMl UT X X X ( 1 0 A O , YY Y ( 1 0 0 ). ' . • ■ '

FF A ' L . i H TNT CF' Td Ï N T F R R f KU , K O E R R '

c ' : - - ' i N I T' l .AI . . (ZF. F V F R Y T H F N n' ' . - .

. S U M . X - 0 . 0 ' . \ ' . ■ ■ '' ' S H H ' Y : . : 0 , 0 ' . . • . '

S Ù H X S ' r O . o ' ' , /

SUMXYr . 0 , 0 - - , . ' ■ ' . '( JME' LA-X) . 0 ■ ■ ■ . ■ "

('.------------- ' - - F T N ' i i . S U M S ' . . . : . •

. ' .. n o 3 1 T ; d r 3 4 ' ' ' ’ 'SUM' <= S H N X + X X X X I ) ■ . . ; .

. S U M Y S O N Y F Y Y Y C (

■■ ■ S U M X Y : : , U U M X Y + X X X ( % ' ) * Y Y Y ( T ) ' . ' .. . ' 'SUM ( S ' S U M X S F X X X ( 1 ) * * 3 . : - ' ' '

Page 147: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

2 1 ■ I : O N T I N U E ■ - ■ _

r . ■ .c ; - c A i i ; i i i a t h ; h i . o p f a k ' d t n t e r c f f i

- ! i = 2 4 * S U N X H - ( H U M X ) X ( * 2 -

t\V=:( (24$yUMXY) -( 'HUNX»HUHY) ) ' / n ' • •] NTCP I :=( (SUMXHiKHtJMY ) - (HUMX*HUMXY) ) / nD O , ; o ) T = i , : m . ’ ,

( ■ ) M E G A - ( ) M h ( O v f < Y Y Y ( ( ) I N T C P I - ( K V * X X X ( 1 ) )

3 0 , - . ' c o M i j n i i f : ■ • . .

n • ' -C - - : ----------- C A L C U L A f P P R O B A B L H P R R d R P I N S L O P E A N D I N T E R C E P T

r . , ■ ■ ■ ■ •

. ■ ■ ■ 0 M E r . e O ) M E ( O - ' / h l „ ( ) A T f : M - 2 ) ' '• K V E R k - S U k l < U M E C A X < H O ; i X S / D ) • .

I N T E K k O O J R T ( ' ( ) H E C , A Y 2 T / ' D )

C ---------------------- E N D ■ •

c • -• R E T U R N " . . . , •

E N D

, I

Page 148: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

r.F PKf O i r i i - i

I P O n R A M R Y N l : l j V

r ■ ' I I E M E R A T K S H Y N ' I M E T f I: K I ' KMI f t f J 1 H A l . C U k V k H O K f H K. F O R M :

C . y ^ A 1 & N ( 0 » K ' l / I I ) K A O * 0: 1 H C ? » K O » 1 / K 0 H - y i O ) I 0 ) ( Î & R A N P O M

r i T t i F R S ' H ) K ' >:.( 0 ( 1 ( 1 ) r Y ( 0 0 0 ) r T ( ) '■ '

• • R F A I M F A F ■’ '. . _ l O G E F A I i l F Ï I N A M ( 1 K, ) ^ /

O F F N ( U N I T ; .< r N O M F ' H O A O ( 0 f F J K r. ' r T Y P E - ' O Û I i ' r K E O U O N I . Y )

P E A I K 1 , 1 ) . N P ' .

I.:F‘ h IK 1 , 4 ) ( X ( .( ) r I :: ) r N P ) . . ■

■ V O K F I A T U l l )

4 I O P H O I ( F I 0 , 4 ) . . . . .

I Y P E T V M NF - I ) i ; ; A T . P I t P H I 1 j ' m B A R '

A i : t U P I > K A J / p . l v P H ) ,1 7 M P A R .

I Y P F )!< < ' ( N F M ) I : R A N H O h S P R F A I . i I N M A O N I f U U K !-;

AI 0 F F" T T , P I G M A

T P , = A , O H . K H O l ‘ .

.1 ■ 0 ■ • , ' - . 1 - K) ■ ■ ■ ■ . ' < . ■ -

0 0 1 0 t\ : : i , N P ■

0 1 - , ( I F ' X l ( K ) / P . I X F P H I T. • ' '

( | \ ) ■ A 1 f S T N ( H t ) I M O O R ' ■ . ' '

C MU I P : U N ) T l I R M R A H i i U M ) i ) S I R ) B i l Ï I U F K H U T R A N P O M ' '

1 0 V ( K ) Y ( K ) + H 1 ( / M A T R O N ( J ) , - S I O H A / l , .

1 Y P I Y 7 " N O Ml: ' u p H E W. F ;i l . F ? '

,YC r P P T H v , F . i I . N A M .

1 5 ' I I I R M A I ( 1 5 0 1 ) • . .

f I L N A M ( 1 5 ) : ( ' . ■ . . • - ' --

. ( ) P F N ( I. IN i . T v 1 > N A H h - F I I . . N O H r T Y P E - - ' N F .M 5 ) . ' .

U K I I F ( 7 1 0 ), H P . ■ .

1 0 F O P P A 1 ( 1 1 ) ■ ■ . ;

. • UR I I F t ; " t .3 1 '■ (■>: ( l \ ) 5 Y ( K-) 7 K - I H I P ) • , . '3 1 . F U K M A l ( I 1 0 - , . ‘l 7 4 :( 7 I I 0 . 4 )

; ; I I . O F F ( U N I T . : 1 ) ■ . ■ -

Cl ( t s ( ( U H ) 1 , 3 ) , ■ ■ ;

I ( P F ÿ , ' B A T A U R 1,1 T E N I f ) . T U S K ' ' ' ' ' ; ’ '

■ C - A I I E X ' I (

i .HU ' ■ ■ . '■I.

Page 149: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

APPEND! >: 1.1-3

PPOP.RAH ..lUK'KHO.îi : -

r PWI NPI ^P' H MdnCK TCATTON OF . M.IK K E,0 T C 11 II: K TOnO(4KAM PR 0.0 F AM-C I H!: H PR0I9RAM 0 ) ON O ÏHlu X AS A h ONOT ! ON OF I .FO:-.ÜO.F N(! Y

o. . iv'PNYS - NOHRF R (IF , .DATA POTNl SC -X - ARRAY' OF VAIUPS OF X :0 Y - ARRAY OF VAI OF S OF Y ' , 'C P H} . ' - PHASF OF F A OH HATA PO'i.N'10 . FSTAKT - INÏT'i: Al FRF.OI.IFKOY ■C F.1:1 i l 0 A - SF'AO! NO ,BE THFFN -TR'F Al ' i R t 01IF-M r I E SC- K'PR» - NOMDFR OF FRFOUENFl. FS To' 1-0: SEAROHFJD ^C • ICFHIJI 1 - ARRAY- or .IOR',\l-V) O.H ! NHF X F'OR F A OH TRIAI PF RI 00g: O A H M A - ■ ' • ' -

C • ■ S 0 0 RI ■ Y OOSdOTMMA ' ' ' ' ' •c; , ROM I'M - , V sriKOAHMA ) ■ ,

K-FAI PH'i ( X / (' ) . ' • '■ l:iI.MF.NS':iON ÏOOl.lK'T ( SO.) r p! N)IF>: ( :>0 ) , ): ( 0 / () ) , Y ( 0 / 0 )

' DTMFMS.YOM RF SOI K 1 0 0 0 ) . / . . 'COMMON XyAIOF_-( SO ) , Y.VAI..OF f :50 ).10(!Ï0AI *'.r F-:il MAH ( .1 S-) 7 HATF ( A ) ; XNANFX l'O )I YPF.-» , ' NAMF (li F i l F. 10 PF RFAO"'' ' 'ACl:::|- F .1 s 7 F! L NAM .

] 5 ■ FORMAT( ISA I ) ■ • '' ' '■ • ■ FU.MAFH .1 S ) = 0 ■ , . '

■ ■ i )PEN(UN:iT'-S'rNAMF:-| -;i;LNAHïTYPF ::'0I 0 ' r RFAT'ONI Y )READ ' S 7 S'Y ) NPNTSR F A 0 ' ) ( X ( K')% Y ( K ) XK I r NPN'l S ) -

2 9 -FORMAT ( I I ) ■ ■ ':X2 ■ F ORNA I { l ‘VO . ‘-U A>; vF I. (F, T ) " ■ -

C------------ -- I HE F O U . 0 0 (NI) T.S A TF SI T 0 SKh. ÏR iHE. . PAT A F i l FC ------- .1S P F Y N 0 RE Ali PROPERI Y ' P.

' . ■ X,D I Y F F.' 2 S U X ( K ) 7 Y ( K ) > K-.I , 1 0 ) . • ■ -

P1.0SF ( ONT r - 2 ) ■ ■ - ■ - •■ P} :- S - .1 T .1 S926^. ■ , • .

■. • t y p f , » , ' NAHF OF HTATr-'-.- ■ ,- AOÇFPT .17 .7 XNAMF ' - ■• '

17 ' l-'ORMAT ( LOA:'. ) . ' ..■ - ' TVPF.»? ' YOOR F ï.I.',F;' .CONTAINS / , NPNTS, ' DATA PO I: NTS' '

NPRP=10 0 0 . ' • , '

C-. - - - F O R EACH PFR'i OD P CALCULAT F: fHK INDEX . •'

! YPFT: r (K'PUT EST ART , F.FNDr AND F DEL TA ' , ' 'A U ' F P Ï » 7 F HT ART 7 FE ND 7 FDEL TA . ' \no' 8 ï A =:i , NF-RD . . -I RPU7.FSTARF-FDF:I.TA»FI 0 AT( YA- 1 )

' SUMRL = 0-, ■ ' ’ • .'■ • .SUM! M =(F - - - -

Page 150: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

no 0 1 % : ] , N P N T S

P I I r { I j ‘ > ^ À M o i j ( ) : ( ( K ) w p - p K i s ' Ï 1. 0 )T P < PH T ( j H ) , L T > 0 , 0 ) F H / ( ,r H ) f PH T ( . ; '« ) + ] . 0

. O A M M r r = P H Ï ( I B) »? ' , TP'T\ ' '

I F M P P : Y. ( I H ) » ( : 0 S ( ( i A M P I A O - P

Ï F . H P 1 . = V ( ' ( T D ^ b ' I K ' d v A H H A ) . |

S I I N P I . ' H H H I , I T T P ' M P R

S i ) M I M - S M H T M + r P H f - ' froM 11 NOT ■. ; !i , P S U L T < I A > S I I M R I , « « I M - b H M T M A » ?

PP.SOI 1 ( I A > ( 0 . /HPMÏS-) »»■,>>.( RF9UI T ( T A ) ) ( ' . {n-niNur . - \PALI ): :I I . ■ : ■ENO ' ' I

Page 151: In Three Delta Scut! Stars by June.I 986

' Elfç.tî.QQç.a. ■

A n d r e a s e n , G . K 1 9 8 3 / As t r o n . As t r o p h y a . 1 2 1 , 2 5 0 .

A n d r e a s e n , G - K . , H e j i e s e a , P . M. , a n d P e t e r s e n , J . D . 1 9 83 ,

A s t r o n . A s t r o p h y s . 1 2 1 / 2 4 1 . . "

■ B r e g e r , M . 1 9 6 9 , A . J . , %j , 1 6 6 . ^ ' .

B r e g e r , M . 1 9 7 9 , P u b . A . S . P . 9 1 , 5.

B r e g e r , M, . a n d ^ P e g m a n , J . N . 1 9 7 5 , Ap . . J . 2SQ,> 34 3 .

Br e ge r , M . Hu t c h 1 ns J . a n d Kuh 1 , L . V . 1 976 , A p . J . 2 1 0 , . 1 6 3 .

C o x , J . N . ar id ,G i u 1 1 .^R . T . 1 9 6 8 , E P i Q S i B l l S o f S l l l l a c

S f p u c t u c i ' V o l . 2 (New Y o r k : G o r d o n a n d B r e a c h ) .

• C r a w f o r d , D . L . , Go 1 s o n , J . C . a n d L a n d o l t , A . U . 1 9 7 1 , P u b . A . S . P .

8 3 , 6 5 2 . ' . ' ■■ ■'

Du.P;Uy, D . L . 1985 ( p r i v a t e c^ommun I c a t 1 on ) .

D u P u y , D . L . a n d B u r g o y n e , L . G . 1 9 8 3 , P u b . A , S . P . 9 5 , 6 1 :

D u P u y , D . L . , Co l I 1n s , G . a n d S w 1n g 1e r , D . N • 1982> P u b . A . 3 . P.

3 4 , 1 7 7 .

■ H a r d i e , R . H . i n 1 9 6 2 , S l a p s ar)3 S l e l l a r ■§y§t§,i8§, V o l . 2

( C h h c a g p : U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o P r e s s ) .

H o f f l e i t , D . 1 9 6 4 , C a t a l o g u e o f B p l g b t g l § p g , 3 r d . e d . ,

( 3 a i n t ,Pau 1 : H. M. S m i t h ) . ' '

I r 1 a r t e , B J o h n s o n - , H ,L . , M1 t c h e 1 1 , R ; I . a n d W i s n i e w s k i , W . K .' ' . . .

; 1 9 6 5 , S k y a n d T e l e s c o p e 3 0 , 2 1 . • .

J u r k e v l c h , ! . 1 9 7 1 , A p . a n d S p a c e S c 1 . 1 3 , 154. .

' K h o l o p o v , P . N , 1 9 8 4 , S o v . S c 1 . R e v . E A s t r o p h y s . S p a c e P h y s . ,

. v o l . 3 , 9 7 .

K r a f t , R . P . I n 196 3 , B a s i c ô è î C S D e i l e à l B s l S / ( C h i c a g o :

. U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o P r e s s ) . ..

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K u k a r k 1 n , B . V . » Kho l o p o v , p . N F is d o r o v l c h , V . P . F r o l o v , H . S . ,

■ - K u k a r k I n a , N . P . K u r o c h r l n , N . E . , M e d v e d e v a , G . L . , P e r o v a , N . B .

Pflk0V9ky,Yu.,P. 1976, Ibç Third §ygglè»e'nt ’ to the Th^rd

, Edition of tbe General Catalogue of Variable Starg,

(Moscow; Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R.).

•M 1 11 1 3 , R . L 19'83 (private communication).

___M o r r i s . , S . 1 9 7 9 , M . S c . T h e s 1 s , . 8 a I n t M a r y ' s Un 1 v e r s 1

' - ■ ■ ■ fM o r r i s , S . a n d D u P u y , D . L . 1 9 8 0 , - P u b . A . S . P . 9 2 , 3 0 3 . .j

O s b o r n , W . 1983 ( p r i v a t e c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) . • • ■

P e n a , J . H . a n d i W a r m a n , J . 1 9 7 9 , A . J . 8 4 , 1 0 4 6 .

. P e t e r s e n , J . O ' . . 1976 I n . M u l t L i e l ê . P e r i o d i c . V a r i a b l e g t a r s

I . A . U .' C o l l , . 2 9 , W. S, F i t c h , e d . ( B u d a p e s t ; A k a d e m l a 1

K 1 a d o ) , 1 9 5 . . , ■ ; , ' ■ . . '

P e t e r s e n , J . 0 . a n d J o r g e n s e n , H . E . 1 97 2 , As t r o n . A s . t r o p h y s . . i ? ,

' ' 3G7- - . ? - .

Sw 1 n g l j e r , D . N . 1 9 8 5 a , A . J . 9 0 , 5 7 5 . '

S w I n g l e r , D . N . 19 8 5 b ( p r 1 v a t e commun 1 c a t 1 o n ) . -

T u r n e r , D . G . 1985 ( p r i v a t e c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) . • '

■ Val 1 1 e r , J - C .-, B a g l 1 n , A . a n d A u v e r g n e , M . 19. A s t r o n . -

A-s t r o p h y s . 2.3». 329.. .

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C u r r l c u ï V m V i t a

Name : .■

D a t e . o^f B i r t h ;

P l a c e o f B i r t h :

P o a t - S e c o r i d a r y . J E d u c a t 1 on ;

Awa r d s :

E x p e r i en .ce

L a u r e e n Ga ye Re e d ( n e e B u r g o y n e )

May 5 , 1961 . .

Red D e e r , A l b e r t a '

B - S c . ( P h y s i c s ) , 1 9 8 3 ,. ' S a i n t M a r y ' s U n i v e r s i t y H a l i f a x , N . B . , C a n a d a . -

M. S c . ( A s t r o n o m y ) , ,1.9 86 S a i n t M a r y ' s U n i v e r s i t y H a l i f a x , N . S . , C a n a d a

S a i n t M a r y ' s U n i v e r s i t y E n t r a n c e S c h o l a r s h i p 1 9 7 9 - 8 0 •

' B u r k e - G a f f ne y - S c h o 1a r s h i p ,S a i n t M a r y ' s U n i v .1 9 8 3 - 8 4 . a n d 198 4 - 8 5

A s t r o n o m y Re , e a r c h / T e a c h i n g A s s i s t a n t s h i p s . S a i n t M a r y ’ s U n i v e r s i t y.1981-85 , ■ ' •

P h y s i c s L a b o r a t o r y I n s t r u c t o r -1 9 8 2 - 8 3 . a n d 1 9 8 3 - 8 4 , S a i n t M a r y ' s U n i v e r s i t y 1 9 8 5 - 8 6 , Moun t S a i n t V i n c e n t U n i v e r s i t y

V a r i o u s o b s e r v I ng r u n s on 2 4 - I n c h ^ n d 3 1 - I n c h , t e l e s c o p e s - a t L o w e l l O b s e r v a t o r y , F l a g s t a f f - , ’ Ar 1 z o n a . ' -1983-85

P.u b 1 i c a t i o n s i n R e f e r r e e d J o u r n a l s :

Du P u y , D . L . a n d B u r g o y n e , L - G . , " HR5 9 6 0 : New O b s e r v a t i o n sa n d P e r i o d S e a r c h " i n 198 3 P u b . A. S. - P . 9 5 , 6 1 . ' .


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