INAF –Astronomical Observatory of

Padova

Atmospheres in a test tube: state of the art at the Astronomical

Observatory of PadovaMarco S. Erculiani a, b, Riccardo U. Claudi b,

Lorenzo Cocola c,Diego Barbisan d, Matteo Meneghini d , Nicola Trivellin d ,Nicoletta la Rocca e, Daniela Billi f

Emanuele Pace g

Mariangela Cestelli Guidi h

a CISAS-"G.Colombo" Centre of Studies and Activities for Space Via Venezia 15, 35131, Padua - Italy ; b INAF - Astronomical Observatory of Padova (Italy), Vicolo dell'osservatorio, 5, 35100 Padova; c LUXOR - Photonics and Nanotechnology institute - CNR, Via Trasea 7 Padova, 35131, Italy; d Department of Information Engineering-DEI, via gradenigo 6B, Padova ; e University of Padova, Department of Biology, Italy, f Dept. of Biology University of Rome-Tor Vergata; g Univ. Of Firenze, (Italy); h INFN-National Institute of Nuclear Physics

● INAF – IAPS Roma - Istituto di Astrophysics and Space Planetology Institute (G. Piccioni, S. Stifani)● Department of Biology of Roma Tor Vergata (D. Billi)● INFN – National Laboratories of Frascati (E. Pace)● GAPS group (R. Claudi, S. Benatti, M. Bonavita)● Department of Biology of A. Vallisneri di Padova (Prof. Nicoletta La Rocca)● DEI- Light Cube - Padova (Matteo Meneghini, Nicola Trivellin, Diego Barbisan) ● LUXOR - Padova (Luca Poletto e Lorenzo Cocola)

In collaboration with…

First step: -M starlight simulator-Incubator build-up- Choice of bacteria

Second step: Irradiation of the samples with

terrestrial conditions, - Analysis of gaseous abundances

in the cells

Third step: -Irradiation of the samples

with M star radiation,-Analysis of gaseous abundances

in the cells

Fourth step: -Irradiation of the samples with M star

radiation at terrestrial pressure,temperature and

extrasolar planet gaseous mixture,

-Analysis of gaseous abundances in the cells.

Ancillary science:Plants on M star planets

Timeline of the experiment

The choice of the bacteria

Acharyochloris marina

Chroococcidiopsis spp.

Resistent to harsh environemntsSensitive to the IR and NIR bandwidthPhotosynthetic in low light conditions

Halomicronema hongdechloris

Leptolyngbya sp.1 Chlorogloeopsis fritschii

IR-grown bacteria

IR chls bacteria

Bacteria incubator build-upMINI-LISAambient simulator

Peltier cellSolid Works inner cell project

1’ windows coated PS811B Thorlabs

O ring OR 4450

BOROFLOAT® Window 45685

Edmund Optics

STAR TEMPERATURES

•G 5,000 K - 6,000 K. •K 3,500 K - 5,000 K. •M 2,500 K - 3,500 K.

Study of feasibility of a starlight simulator: sources

Leggett et al., 2001

Study of feasibility of a starlight simulator: the pigments

Study of feasibility of a starlight simulator: the hardware

ORIEL 6258 300 Watt Ozone Free

Halogen lamp

Newport 10LWF-600-B

230V_60W_DECO230V_40W_Lexman 12VDC 40W 3A Lexman

24V_100W_OSRAM 230V_40W_DECO 230V_75W_OSRAM

Moist greenhouse distance, M0V star

Study of O2 productivity in photosynthetic bacteria:the

simulaitons

Chroococcidiopsis: 40 fmol/cell/h in normal growth condition (20 µmol of photons m -² s-1 ~ 40 mmolO2/g/h).Miyashita et al 2003

Acharyocloris marina: 1.3µmol of O2 /mg Chld/h

pH=8; T=30°C; NaCl=3%

Behrendt et al 2013

Measurement system

gas

Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy setup (TDLAS)

Accuracy: O2 <1% ; CO2 , CH4= 0.1%

Green bump (concentrazioni diChl-a e Chl-b)

Red edge (varia a seconda del tipo di organismo e al numero di biomassa, all’idratazione e lo spessore delle foglie e del contenuto di carbonio).

Kiang et al., 2007aLa banda dell’ozono sposta il piccoda 600 nm a 685 nm

Il 75% della radiazione totale viene reirradiata,Il 25 % dissipata

Stelle MColori

Troppa luce → antocianine x proteggersiL’antocianicna si accumula sulla superficiedelle foglie adattate ad ambienti ombrosie le dà una colorazione blu.Se le piante acquisissero solo la luce blu riflettendo nel rosso (→blue edge).

Stelle F

Ma sulla terra…

Tacca integrifolia

(A)eonium arboreum Swarzkopf

Colocasia esculentaOphiopogon planiscapus

Festuca ovina glauca

Hosta hosta“Blue Mouse Ears”

Contributes and publications

1) Atmospheres in a Test Tube, EPSC LONDRA 2013R. Claudi M.S. Erculiani , E. Giro , M. D’Alessandro , G. Galletta 2) Laboratory investigation on super-Earths atmospheres, EPSC CASCAIS 2014M. S. Erculiani , R. Claudi L. Lessio , G. Farisato , E. Giro, L. Cocola , D. Billi , M. D’alessandro , E. Pace , D. Schierano, S. Benatti, M. Bonavita , G. Galletta

3) Interpreting EChO's future data: biological laboratory estimates under M star's planetary surface conditions, SPIE, MONTREAL 2014Marco S. Erculiani, Riccardo U. Claudi , Enrico Giro , Giuseppe Galletta ,Maurizio D'alessandro , Giancarlo Farisato , Luigi Lessio , Giuseppina Micela , Daniela Billi

4) Preparing EChO space mission: laboratory simulation of planetary atmospheres, SPIE, MONTREAL 2014Riccardo U. Claudi, Marco Sergio Erculiani, Giuseppina Micela, Maurizio D’Alessandro, Giuseppe Galletta, Enrico Giro, Alberto Adriani, Francesca Altieri, Giancarlo Bellucci, Daniela Billi, Cesare Cecchi-Pestellini, Angela Ciaravella, Gianrico Filacchione, Gabriella Gilli, Marco Giuranna, Davide Grassi, Giuseppe Leto, Emanuele Pace, Maria Elisabetta Palumbo, Giuseppe Piccioni, Salvatore Scuderi, Giovanni Strazzulla, Diego Turrini

5) A tunable integrated system to simulate colder stellar radiation, SPIE 2015, PRAGAMarco S. Erculiani, Riccardo U. Claudi, Lorenzo Cocola, Diego Barbisan, Matteo Bonato, Matteo Meneghini, Nicola Trivellin

6) Simulating Super Earth Atmospheres in the LaboratoryJournal: International Journal of Astrobiology, Manuscript ID: IJA-SI-EB2014-14-0533.R1, Special Issue EB2014 Claudi, Riccardo; Erculiani, Marco Sergio; Billi, Daniela; Pace, Emanuele; Schierano, Deborah; Giro, Erico; Galletta, Giuseppe; D'Alessandro, Maurizio

7) Search for spectral features in transiting planets with GAPS projectJournal: International Journal of Astrobiology, Manuscript ID: IJA-SI-EB2014-14-0530, Special Issue EB2014Date Submitted by the Author: 09-May-2014Benatti, Serena; Claudi, Riccardo; Borsa, Francesco; Garrido Rubio, Antonio; Erculiani, Marco Sergio; Bonavita, Mariangela; Bignamini, Andrea; Covino, Elvira; Desidera, Silvano; Gratton, Raffaele; Lanza, Antonino; Maggio, Antonio; Micela, Giuseppina; Pagano, Isabella; Piotto, Giampaolo; Poretti, Ennio; Sozzetti, Alessandro;

8) Biosignature Characterization: from Lab to Space, 40th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 2-10 August 2014, in Moscow, Russia, Abstract B0.6-8-14. Schierano, Debora; Baqué, Mickael; Billi, Daniela; Pace, Emanuele; Cestelli Guidi, Mariangela; Claudi, Riccardo; Verseux, Cyprien; Erculiani, Marco Sergio