INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di BolognaINAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna

TechnologyTechnology

IntroductionIntroduction

late ’70, early ‘80: starting...

active users of ESO + HST since their onset

1st key aspect:

school of observational astronomy & data analysis

Loiano telescopes

entusiastic astronomers & fans of PSF

+19651965

19819855 +

Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

2nd key aspect:

growing exigency of actively contributing in developping & optimizing observational strategies & analysis procedures for maximizing the scientific output

modern instrument = hardware + software + science

3rd key aspect:

computer center: astronomers fond of software & software engineers fond of astronomy

Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

TNG-GIANO

GAIA

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projects

ESO-FLAMES: templates, GTO

ESO-VIRMOS: DRS, RTD, GTO

2ndfloor astronomers + Bregoli,Lolli,Merighi,Montegriffo

1stfloor astronomers + Rossetti,Merighi

ESO-MAD: WFS

LBT: LBC+LINC-NIRVANA+IRTC

ELT-MCAO

Diolaiti,Lombini,Schreiber(Student)Diolaiti’s talk

Origlia’s talk

Pancino’s talk

Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

other actvities:

TNG & ESO site testing/monitoring ( Zitelli, Lombardi (PhD) )

Treatment of astronomical mirrors: experiment for LBT ( Zitelli, Ciattaglia, Mezzini )

L3CCD: photon counting camera for WFS ( Bregoli,Ciattaglia, Innocenti, in collaboration with Cosentino & Foppiani – UniBo )

TNG: NICS software upgrading ( Rossetti, Guido (PhD) )

Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

astronomical software development:

• software for computing numerical PSF STARFINDER ( Diolaiti )

• software for cross-correlation & astrometry of catalogs CATAPACK: CataXcorr+CataComb ( Montegriffo )

• software for variable star analysis: GRATIS+VARFIND+VARCAT+ATMOS ( Montegriffo )

• software for spectral & chemical abundance analysis DAOSPEC + ABOMAN ( Pancino, Rossetti )

Technology: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

a high and low resolution

near infrared (0.9-2.5 m) spectrometer

for the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG)

http://www.bo.astro.it/giano

PI: L. Origlia (INAF-Bologna) PM: E. Oliva (INAF-FGG)dedicated to Sandro Gennari

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

NICS 2 NICS 2 UV-optimized spectrographUV-optimized spectrograph high resolution IR spectrographhigh resolution IR spectrograph

call for proposal: deadline November 2002call for proposal: deadline November 2002

project discussion: March 2003project discussion: March 2003

GIANO approved for phase A: July 2003GIANO approved for phase A: July 2003

Preliminary Design Review: November Preliminary Design Review: November 20032003

Final Design Review: December 2004Final Design Review: December 2004

22nd nd generation of TNG instrumentsgeneration of TNG instrumentsaccording to the prescription of the Gruppo Istruttorio per il TNGaccording to the prescription of the Gruppo Istruttorio per il TNG

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

main optics in double passmain optics in double passTMA as collimator & cameraas collimator & camera

minimize off-axis angles, thus optimizing the grating efficiency minimize off-axis angles, thus optimizing the grating efficiency allow for large collimated beams (i.e. high res) in reduced spaceallow for large collimated beams (i.e. high res) in reduced space

prisms as cross dispersersprisms as cross dispersers

maximize efficiency & maximize efficiency & spectral coveragespectral coverage

basic requirements / constraints:basic requirements / constraints:

high resolution, wide spectral coverage, high resolution, wide spectral coverage, high trhoughput, high stabilityhigh trhoughput, high stability

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

the 1st face of GIANO: HR modeuses the echelle grating for dispersing & prisms for cross-dispersing

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

the 2nd face of GIANO: LR modeinserts a flat mirror and uses only the prisms for dispersing

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Hawaii2 - 2k x 2k

echelle infrasil

ZnSe

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

the betank

the cryostat

BolognaBologna• supervision & management supervision & management • scientific coordination scientific coordination • software, WEB pagesoftware, WEB page

Lolli, Montegriffo,Lolli, Montegriffo,Origlia (PI),Origlia (PI), RossettiRossetti

Arcetri• optics, mechanics, cryogenics • electronics & controls

Baffa, Biliotti, Del Vecchio, Donati, Gennari, Giani, Falcini, Maiolino, Mannucci, Marcucci, Mochi, Sozzi

Catania• pre-slit optics• polarimetric unit

Bruno,Leone,Scuderi

Fundacion Galileo Galilei• management & procurement • integration at the telescope

Ghinassi,Gonzalez,Lodi,Oliva(PM)

INOA, Firenze• absorption cell

D’Amato

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

HR modefull coverage up to 1.7 m70% complete at 2.5 m

high efficiency, ~20% all incl.

0.95 m

1.2 m

1.6 m

2.4 m

all sources in 2MASS all sources in 2MASS

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

0.8 – 2.5 um complete spectrum

high efficiency, ~30% all inc.

all sources in UKIDSSall sources in UKIDSS

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

the gas cell

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007

high resolutionhigh resolution low resolutionlow resolution

GIANO as a prototype

for VLT ELT high res IR spectrographs

Technology - GIANO: Visiting Committee – Bologna, Dec 3-5, 2007