Inaugration of Mobile Lok Adalat Van

Legal Aid Clinic at District Jail, Aizawl

Distribution of Pamphlets etc. at Legal Awareness Campaign

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Editorial Board

Editor : Marli Vankung

Member Secretary Mizoram State Legal Services Authority Jt. Editor : Dr. HTC Lalrinchhana Senior Civil Judge Aizawl Editorial Board Members : Pu Robert Thangmawia MIS,

Information & Public Relation Officer

Pu Lalhmachhuana Chairman, Legal Cell Central YMA Circulation Manager : L.D. Zauva Office Address Mizoram State Legal Services Authority New Secretariat Complex, Junior Judges Building Khatla, Aizawl Phone : 0389-2336621 Fax : 0389-2336619 Email : mizoramslsa@gmail.com

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DAN LEH HRAI [Legal Awareness Magazine]

Published by Mizoram State Legal Services Authority

Mizoram – Aizawl

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DAN LEH HRAI [Legal Awareness Magazine) Vol. 1, Issue No. 3: January – March, 2012 Published by Mizoram State Legal Services Auhtority Mizoram- Aizawl Copyright reserved Distribution gratis (A thlawna sem) Printed at Lengchhawn Press Aizawl-796001: Mizoram Ph: 0389-2334160/9436140202 E-mail: lengchhawn@gmail.com

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A CHHUNG THU Thupui 1. Editorial 6

2. Forest Area – Dan lam atanga thilrna 8 - 16

B. Lalramenga Advocate

3. Inner Line Permit/ Pass (ILP) 17-20 T. Lalnunsiama, Advocate B.A. (Hons), LL.B

4. Tuar thlawn maw? 21-25 K. L Liana, Addl. District & Sessions Judge I, Aizawl

5. Hlemhletna leh a kaihhnawih 26-42 Dan leh Hrai:Hmalan hun thlirna (Corruption laws in India: A futuristic approach) Dr. H.T.C Lalrinchhana, Senior Civil Judge I

6. Media leh thubuai kal mek chungchang 43-49 Laldinpuia Tlau, Civil Judge, Saiha

7. Advertisement 49

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EDITORIAL

Kan Dan leh Hrai Magazine min chhiarsak thin tute hian

dan hnuaia mipuite chanvo kan zirin kan chhiar tlangpui a. Amaherawhchu, dan hnuaia kan chanvote hriat chauh hi a tawk lo a, mipuiten kan ram leh kan sorkar lakah kan bat leh kan mawhphurnate hi kan hriat nawn fo a tul ani. India danpui (Constitution of India) Bung (articles) 51 A ah chuan mipuite’n kan ram leh sorkar laka kan bat leh mawhphurhna a tarlang a. Chungte chu a tawi thei ang berin han tarlang thuak thuak ila.

• India Danpui (Constitution) hi ngaih pawimawha, kan ram

flag leh National Anthem(hnam hla) te hi kan zah tur ani. • Kan ram zalenna sualchhuak tuten kan ram leh hnam

tana beiseina leh hmathlir thatak min lo ruahman sakte hi kan hlutpuiin, India ram zalenna, inpumkhatna leh rinawmna te vawngtha turin min phut ani.

• Kan sakhua leh hnam ziarang chi hrang hrangte inzahtawnsaka, inngeih leh lungrual taka chenho hi khua leh tuite mawhphurna ani.

• Hmeichhiate dikna leh an chanvo te hi kan humhalh sak bawk tur ani.

• Mitin te, a huho emaw mimal ang pawhin kan hmazawn theuhah insiamthaa hmasawn zel tura tanlak hi kan mawhphurhna ani.

• Kan ram leilung hausakna thing leh mau te, ramngaw, lui leh ramsa te venhim leh an laka ngilneih hi kan mawhphurhna ani a.

• Nu leh pa ten kan fate kum 6 atanga kum 14 an nih chhung chuan lehkha zirtir hi kan fate laka kan bat leh kan mawhphurhna ani tih hriat thar theuh tur ani.

Heng a chunga kan tarlan, kan tihve tur/ Fundamental Duty hi khua leh tui thate tihtur ani tih kan danpui in min hrilh angin kan mawhphurhna hlen chhuak tur hian tan i la thar sauh sauh ang u.

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FOREST AREA – DAN LAM ATANGA THLIRNA B. Lalramenga

Advocate Standing Counsel

Environment & Forest Department Govt. of Mizoram

‘Forest’ tih hi Indian Forest Act, 1927 emaw khawi Dan (Act) ah emaw pawh chiang taka han sawifiahna a awmlo a. ‘Forest’ tihin a huam chin hi, a tah tawla hemi chungchanga State Government-in emaw Notification a chhuah azirin a danglam mai niin a lang. Amaherawhchu, Supreme Court of India chuan, T.N. Godavarman Thirumulkpad vrs. Union of India & Others (W.P.(C) No.202/1995) – case ah chuan ‘Forest’ tih chu dictionary-a a inhrilhfiah anga pawm tur a ni ang a ti a. Chumi rual chuan, recognized forest-te leh Section 2 (i) of The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 –in a sawi eng forest reserve pawh a huam tih a sawi bawk. Tin, ‘forest land’ tihin a huam chin tur chu dictionary-a forest tih hrilhfiahna ringawt ang ni lovin Government-in forest area atana a puan leh record apiang, chu ram chu a neitu tupawh lo ni ta se, a huam ang tiin a sawi bawk a ni. He hrilhfiahna leh thutlukna hi Supreme Court rorelna hmasa, Ambica Quarry Works & Ors. Versus. State of Gujarat & Ors. (1987 (1) SCC 213) leh Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra Versus. State of UP (1989 Suppl.(1) SCC 504) – zulzuia siam ani tih pawh T.N. Godavarman Thirumulkpad vrs. Union of India & Others case-ah hian tarlan a ni . Hetiang hi Court sang berin a hrilhfiah dan anih tak si ah chuan kan Sawrkar-in ‘Forest’ tia a puan leh record apiang chu forest land a ni vek tihna a ni.

T.N. Godavarman Thirumulkpad vrs. Union of India & Others case-ah vek hian Supreme Court hian State tinte chu Expert Committee siama anmahni State chhunga “forests

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area” chu tichiang turin a hriattir a. Hemi bawhzui hian Mizoram Sawrkar pawhin Expert Committee siamin Mizoram chhunga forest area chu tichiangin Report a thehlut ve a ni. He Expert Committee Report-ah hian hetiang hian Forest area chu sawi a ni –

(i) Innerline Reserved Forests (Vide Notification No.5 dt.17.10.1878 under Section 34 of Indian Forest Act, 1878 of Revenue Department, Govt. of Assam): Innerline Reserved Forest area pumpui 509 Sq.miles or 1318.31 Sq. km ah hian 570 Sq.km chauh hi Mizoram chhungah a awm a, chu chu Kolasib Forest Devision chhungah 385 Sq.km leh Darlawn Forest Division chhungah 185 Sq.km belhkhawmte an ni. Tichuan, Cachar district of Assam chhungah a bak zawng area, 748.31 Sq.km chu a inrin lut a ni. Expert Committee hian Innerline Reserved Forests chungchangah hian ngaihdan hrang hrang a awm thute, a boundary hi teh fel (demarcate) engmah a awm loh thu leh Survey of India emaw tumahin Notification-a Innerline Reserved Forests hmun huam chhung dik tak hi an hriat loh thu an sawi lang tel bawk.

(ii) Riverine Reserved Forests (Vide Notification No.ADC Suppdt. to the Assam Gazette, dt.19.05.1965 under Section 14 & 21 of the Mizo District (Forest) Act, 1955: Heng lui, a hnuaia tarlante kam tuak atanga half a mile chin zel chu Riverine Reserved Forests a ni bawk. Gazette–ah hian “The Riverine Forests so notified comprises the forest area within half a mile on either side of the following rivers” tiin a sawi na a, ‘either side’ tih hian a kam tuak a sawi tumna zawk niah ngaih tur a nih hmel –

Rivers Area in Sq.km (a) Tlawng - 369.80 (b) Tut (Gutur) - 182.80 (c) Teirei (Pakwa) - 125.00 (d) Langkaih (Longai) - 62.00

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(e) Chemlui (Outside ILRF) - 29.00 (f) Serlui (Outside ILRF) - 75.00 (g) Tuivai - 168.00 (h) Tuivawl - 190.00 (i) Tuirini - 64.00 (j) Tuirial (Outside ILRF) - 217.80 (k) Tuiruang (Outside ILRF) - 0 (l) Khawthlangtuipui (Karnaphuly) - 140.70 (m) Tuichawng - 54.00 (n) Kau - 35.60 (o) De - 45.00 (p) Phairuang - 72.00 TOTAL - 1833.20

(iii) Roadside Reserve (Vide Notification No.ADC Suppdt. to the Assam Gazette, dt.19.05.1965 under Section 14 & 21 of the Mizo District (Forest) Act, 1955: Aizawl – Silchar Road -via- Sairang (ILRF pawn lam, Tlawng RRF chhunga awm chin) sir tuak Half a mile chin chu reserved a ni. Mahse, hei hian Sawrkar kawng atanga 100 ft. or 30 metres-a ram awm chu a huam lovang tih a ni.

(iv) Reserved Forests: (a) Muthi Reserved Forests (Vide Pre-notification

No.FOR 133/78-79/43 of 27.11.1978). (b) Hmunulh Lui leh lui inkar Lungdai ram

transferred land in lieu of 132 KV Line (Notified vide No.L.11011/1/95-Rev of 16.05.1996).

(c) Chalfilh Reserve (Vide pre-notification No.FOR 135/76/6 of 13.07.1976).

(d) Ngur Pine Forest (vide Notification No.EL.12/65 of 10.10.1965).

(e) Tuikual Piner Forest (vide Notification No. EL.12/65 of 10.10.1965).

(f) Tuisenhnar Forest (vide Notification No.EL.12/65 of 10.10.1965)

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(g) Hnahlan Forest (vide Notification No. EL.12/65 of 10.10.1965).

(h) Lianpui Forest (vide Notification No.EL.12/65 of 10.10.1965).

(i) Bunghmun Reserve (vide Notification No.FOR 169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(j) Mualthuam Reserve (vide Notification No.FOR 169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(k) Thorangtlang Reserve (vide Notification No.FOR 169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(l) Serlui ‘B’ Forest (Vide Notification No.B.11031/1/91-FST of 08.07.1993 (in lieu of Serlui ‘B’ Hydel Project).

(m) Zanlawn Tlang Forests (Vide Pre-Notification No.FOR.133/76-77/43 of 27.11.1978).

(n) Tut-Langkaih Protected Reserved Forest (Vide Notification No.1 of 1970 of 24.06.1970 by CEM, Mizo District Council).

(o) Tlawng Hnar Forests (Vide Notification No.FOR. 133/76-78/27 of 04.05.1978).

(p) Tawipui ‘N’ Forests (Vide Notification No.169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(q) Thingfal Forest (Vide Notification No.169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(r) Mamte Forest (Vide Notification No.169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(s) Ngengpui Forest (Vide Notification No.169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(t) Hnahchang Forests (Haulawng) (Vide Notification No.169/79/130 of 11.03.1982)

(u) Thlengang Forests (tawipui ‘S’) (Vide Notification No.FOR.169/79-83/186 of 25.08.1983).

(v) Puankhai Forests (Vide Notification No.FOR.169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(w) Zongaw Reserve (Vide Notification No.169/79/130 of 11.03.1982).

(x) Hrangtur Reserve (Vide Notification No.B.11012.12/94-FST dt.23.11.1987).

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(y) Total Area 1905.57 Sq km.

(vi) Wildlife Protected Area: (a) Dampa Tiger Reserve (Notified vide

No.B.11011/14/90-FST dt.07.12.1994). (b) Murlen National Park (vide Preliminary

Notification No.B.11011/13/84-FST dt.08.07.1991).

(c) Khawnglung Wildlife Sanctuary (vide Preliminary Notification No.B.11011/13/84-FST of 08.07.1991).

(d) Tawi Wildlife Sanctuary (vide Preliminary Notification No.FOR.15-C/74-78/21 dt.29.11.1978).

Total Area – 844.70 Sq Km. (vi) Village Supply & Safety Reserve Area (Notified vide

No.LAD/VC-9/89/699(A) dt.18.03.1996 under Section 15(1) of The Mizo District (Forest) Act, 1955) – 238 Nos. (Hengte hi a area siamfel a awmlo nia sawi a ni).

A chunga sawite bakah hian Mizoram-a Autonomous District Council pathumte – Lai, Mara & Chakma huam chhungah hian Forest Reserved leh Wildlife Protected Area belhkhawm hi 2762 Sq.km nia tarlan a ni bawk. Tichuan, a pumpuiin Mizoram chhunga Notified Forest Area chu 8,012.17 Sq.km a ni. Hemi bakah hian Non-Notified Forest area hi hmun 50 laiah awmin a area chu 833.00 Sq.km anih thu tarlan bawk a ni.

A chunga sawi tak bakah khian Environment & Forests Department’s Statistical Handbook, 2011-in a tarlan dan chuan Protected Areas atan hian hengte hi puan an ni bawk –

(a) Pualreng Wildlife Sanctuary (50 sq.km, Kolasib District, vide Notification No.B.12012/19/01-FST of 29.07.2004).

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(b) Lengteng Wildlife Sanctuary (60 sq.km, Champhai District, vide Notification No.B.12012/15/94-FST of 31.05.2002).

Statistical Handbook, 2011—in a tarlan dan chuan Mizoram chhunga Notified Forests Area hi 8,266.08 sq.km a ni a, chu chu Geographical area pumpui atangin 39% a ni. Reserved Forests atana Sawrkar-in a puan tam zawk atan hi chuan final Notification chhuah anih hmain Preliminary Notification Gazette-ah tihchhuah a ni a. Amaherawhchu, engmah objection leh claim-te a awm loh avangin Final Notification hmanga Reserved Forests-ah puan an ni. Hetiang anih chuan Dan ang thlapa tih a niin a lang. Innerline Reserved Forests chungchangah hian Shri Bawizika vrs. Union Territory of Mizoram & Ors (Civil Rule No.397/1981) case-ah Gauhati High Court chuan, Mizoram Sawrkar-in Innerline Reserved Forest huam chhung nia a sawi chu Pu Bawizika, ama ram nia chhaltu hnenah pe let turin thutlukna a siam a. He thutlukna hi Mizoram Sawrkar chuan Rev. Application (T) No.391 of 1981 hmangin a challenge leh a. Amaherawhchu, Gauhati High Court, Division Bench chuan Innerline Reserved Forest hi Section 20 of The Indian Forest Act, 1927 leh Section 17 of The Assam Forest Regulation, 1891 hnuaia puan a nihna Court hmaah phawrh tur a awm loh avanga a thu ngaiah a din tlang thu sawiin a thutlukna hmasa chu a thiat ta lo a ni. Hei hian Innerline Reserved Forest puan anih dan hi a felfai tawklo niin a sawi. Hetiang hi thil awmdan a nih mek laiin Vairengte khua leh a chhehvela ram neite, Sipai-in Counter Insurgency Jungle Warfare School dinna atana an ram laksak a tumte’n compensation an dawn tur chu Environment & Forests Deptt., Govt. of Mizoram chuan chuhin, Innerline Reserved Forest Area a ni an tih avangin

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cheng engemaw zat compensation pawisa dawn tur Award atang chuan an claim ve a. Hemi chungchang thu hi Cabinet Meeting dated 01.12.2009 & 02.12.2009 chuan ngaihtuahin a chunga tarlan Gauhati High Court thutlukna anga kal mai nise a ti ta a, Environment & Forests Deptt. pawh chuan an claim chhunzawm ta lo a ni. Hetiang a lo nih takah chuan Innerline Reserved Forests hi a chiang ta lo hle niin a lang ta a ni. Tin, Mizoram-a Reserved Forests-a puante hi thenkhat chu a boundary/area chiang taka rin leh teh fel (demarcate) a awmlo niin a lang. Hei hian thil hrang hrangah rokhawlhna a siam thin. Entirnan, Reserved Forest chhunga dan bawhchhiaa puh Court-a case kal mekah chuan dan bawhchhetu nia puh chuan a pawi khawihna hmun chu Reserved Forest chhung a nilo tiin a tang tlat mai a, hemi thu ah hian rorelna dik nei tur chuan Reserved Forest area chu tih chian hmasak a tul ta tlat a ni. Chief Conservator of Forests & Nodal Officer (FCA), Environment & Forests Deptt. –in a lehkhathawn Memo No.B.22019/1/2007-PCCF dated 28th March, 2011 a tih chhuahah chuan, Expert Committee in Mizoram-a forest area a tihte, kum 1997-a Working Plan Officer-in Mizoram chhunga forest area nia a record leh PCCF Office-in forest area update a siam-te chu a inmil loh hlawm avangin tih chian a tul thu a sawi lang nghe nghe a ni.

Ram chungchanga neitu inchuhna thubuai tam tak hi chu Reserved Forest nia sawi chhungah Land Revenue & Settlement Department atanga Land Pass nei an awm thin vang a ni. Reserved Forest-a puan anih hma atang tawha mimal-in ram a lo nei anih chuan chu ram, reserved forest atana puan tur chungchang-ah chuan a ram neitu chuan objection/claim a siam thei a, chu chu dan angin chinfel mai tur a ni. Amaherawhchu, reserved forest atana puan anih hnuah Land Pass tam tak pek chhuah anih hian

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thubuai tam tak a chawk chhuak ta a ni. Tuirial Hydro Electric Project siamna hmun pawh hi Turial Riverine Reserved Forest huam chhung vek a ni tih anih avangin NEEPCO pawhin Environment & Forest Deptt., hnenah Rs.7.9482 Crores an pe tawh a, tunah hian Rs.16.5137 Crores lai pek tur a la awm a ni. He ram hi Hydel Project atan a hman phalna chu condition fel tak siamin Central Government pawh hian Section 2 of The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 –in a sawi angin lehkha dated 16.03.2000 hmangin a pe (approved) a ni. Hetiang anih lai hian he ram chhungah hian mimal LSC neite chuan compensation an claim ve leh ta a, anmahni hnena pek tur hian Award pawh District Collector-in a siam vek tawh a ni. Mahse, NEEPCO lam hian Riverine Reserved Forest anih avangin leh thil dang thenkhatte avangin pawisa hi an pek tur anih loh thu an sawi a, hemi chungchangah hian Civil Revision Petition No. 2/2011 chu NEEPCO lam hian Gauhati High Court-ah an file a ni. Hetih rual hian Society for Social Action (SOSA), Aizawl, Mizoram chuan PIL No.15/2008 Gauhati High Court-ah file-in Tuirial Hydel Project siamna ram chhunga mimal ram, LSC neite hian diklo takin Riverine Reserved Forest chhungah hian LSC an nei a, Award pawh hi diklo taka siam a ni tiin compensation pek theih an nih loh nan hma an la ve bawk a. Hemi chungchang mai bakah hian hetiang ang thubuai thenkhat hi Civil Court-a kal lai mek a awm nual bawk ani. Hetiang zawng zawng hi chingfel tur chuan Mizoram Sawrkar hian ruahmanna fel tak nen Reserved Forests chungchang hi a ngaihtuah a tul tak zetin a lang a ni.

Section 3A of The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 chuan Central Government phalna la hmasa lova State Government emaw tupawhin reserved forest chu an tichereu emaw, hemi huam chhungah mimal hnenah ram an pe anih chuan hrem theih an ni tih a sawi. Section 3B of The Forest

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(Conservation) Act, 1980 chuan hetianga dan bawhchhetu chu Department ani emaw Department khat hnuaia officer a ni emaw, a mawhphurtu chu hrem theih dan a sawi a ni. Chuvang chuan, Land Revenue & Settlement Department hian dan kalha Reserved Forests chhungah mimal ram a lo pe anih chuan a mawhphurtu officer/thuneitu chu hrem theih a ni dawn tihna a ni. Tin, The Lushai Hills District (House Sites) Act, 1953 hnuaia Village Council -in chenna tur hmun mimal hnenah a pek theihna dan hian Reserved Forest huam chhung chu a huam lova. Tin, The Mizo District (Land & Revenue) Act, 1956 pawh hi State Reserved Forests chhungah chuan a hman (applicable) theih loh a ni. Chumai bakah, The Mizo Distirct (Land & Revenue) Rules, 1967 in a sawi dan chuan ‘Vacant Land’ (ram ruak) tih hian Reserved Forest a huam lovang tih a sawi bawk. The Mizo District (Agricultural Land) Act, 1963, Section 3-na pawhin he dan hi State Reserved Forest huam chhungah chuan a hman theih loh a ti leh bawk a. A chunga ram pek theihna dan sawite khian Reserved Forest chhung chu a huam tak si lovah chuan mimal hnena Land Revenue & Settlement Department – in heng dan hnuaia ram a pek danah hian fimkhur hle a tul niin a lang. Chutih mek lai chuan, Reserved Forest area chhung anih leh nih loh chiang taka finfiah anih thin loh vangte pawh hian Reserved Forest nia sawi chhungah hian Land Pass hi pek a ni thin niin a lang bawk. A tawp ber atan chuan, Reserved Forest area chungchang hi tun aia chiang lehzuala tih fel a tul ta hle tih a hriat theih a. Tin, ram thet/pe theitu Department leh thuneitu lamte pawh hian fimkhur takin Reserved Forest huam chhung anih leh nih lohte pawh hi chian hmasak a tul takzet a ni. Mizoram Sawrkar hnuaia Department pahnih-te Court-ah a inchaltauh zawnga awm ziahte pawh hi thil dik niin a langlo.

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INNER LINE PERMIT/PASS (ILP) BIHCHIANNA T. Lalnunsiama,

Advocate B.A. (Hons), LL.B

A tawi zawnga sawi chuan Mizo ni lo hnam dang mi, Mizorama rawn lut tur reng rengin sawrkar phalna an la hmasa ngei ngei tur a ni a, chu chu ILP tih a ni a, chu phalna (Permit/Pass) tel lo chuan Mizoram chhungah a rawn kal ngawt theih loh tihna a nih ber chu. Kumpinu sawrkarin India ram a awp beh lai, kum 1873-ah khan Bengal chhak lam ramte hungbingna dan, Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulation chu siam a ni a.Chu dan chuan chutih hun laia district pariat- Kamrup te, Darrang te, Nowgang te, Sivasagar te, Lakhimpur(Garo Hills) te, Khasi & Jaintia Hills te, Naga Hills leh Cachar Hills te a huam a. Mizoram erawh a huam ve lo va, chutih hun lai chuan Mizote chu sapho awpbehna hnauiaah kan la awm ve lo a ni. A tirah phei chuan phalna nei lova chung district huam chhunga lutte chu kum khat thleng tantir emaw, Rs.1,000/- thleng chawitir emaw, a pahnih emawa hrem kawp theih a ni nghe nghe. Kan hriat theuh angin chung hun lai chuan kan pi leh pute khan ‘Kan sai ram chuahna in dal e’ tiin Cachar phaizawla thingpui huan siamho hnam dangte chu an zu run chamchi a. Kum 1871 January thla chhung ngawt pawh khan Mizo pasaltha rammute chuan Cachar thingpui huan bakah Syhlet leh Tripura lam te, Manipur leh Chittagong lamte vawi tam tak an run hmana sawi a ni a, Bengkhuaia hoten Alexandrapur thingpui huan an run phei chuan Mizo history-ah hmun pawimawh tak a luah nghe nghe. Chung thil hrang hrangte avang chuan Mizo lalte chu sipai chakna hmanga tuk tlawm niin sapho chuan min awp bet zui ta nghal a. Amaherawhchu, chung hun laia Mizote chu an chhehvel hnam dangten an chimral mai a hlauhawm hle aniang June 4, 1930-ah chuan chutih hun laia Assam sawrkara Chief Secretary, W.A. Cossgrave chuan India sawrkara Foreign Secretary hnenah lehkha thawnin

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Mizoram (Lushai Hills District) tan Inner Line siam turin a ngen a, A lehkhathawnah chuan Mizote chu an chhehvel hnam dangte chim ral mai a hlauhawm thu chiang takin a sawi lang a. Bengali pa thluak fim, sumdawn thiam fe fe leh Nepali ran vulh mi, Mizoram leilung thatnain an chil a tihput mekte lakah chuan Mizote chu humhalh an tul takzet avangin ramri (boundary) pawh Assam Chief Secreary chuan mumal takin a lo rin lawk diam a. Inner Line siam tura a ngenna chu India ram awptu kumpinu sawrkar chuan pawmsakin August 28, 1930 atangin Mizoram (Lushai Hills District) ah Inner Line Regulation chu neih tan a lo ni ta a ni.

Tuna Inner Line Regulation kan hman mek hi August 30, 2010-a Mizoram sawrkara Home Department tihchhuah niin October 2, 2010 khan Mizoram Gazette-ah tihchhuah a ni a, tun dinhmuna ILP kan tih fo leh a kenkawh dante hi a chunga kan tarlan tak (guidelines) anga kalpui a ni a. Chu vang chuan chipchiar deuh zawkin tuna kan hman mek hi kan sawi dawn a ni.

Inner Line Pass/Permit (ILP) chi hnih- Regular ILP leh Temporary ILP a awm a. Regular ILP chu thla ruk (6) aia rei lo turin a pek chhuah theih a; District tina DC ten emaw, an aiawh an ruat emaw ten Regular ILP chu an pe chhuak thei. Amaherawhchu, ILP pek chhuah dawnin sponsor-tu an awm ngei erawh a ngai. Tul bik thilah erawh chuan DC te chuan Temporary Stay Permit an pe thei thung.

Temporary ILP chu ni 15 aia rei lo atan heng mite hian an pe thei: New Delhi-a Mizoram sawrkar Resident Commissioner, Silchar, Shillong, Guwahati, Kolkata leh Mumbai-a Liaison Officer te, Lengpui Airport-a DSP i/c Airport Security, Kanhmun Police Station OC, Assistant Deputy Commissioner, Bairabi, SDO (Civil), Ngopa, Vairengte, New Kawnpui, Phaisen leh Saiphai Border Outpost-a Post Commander-te an ni. Permanent ILP ang bawk khan Temporary ILP diltute pawh hian anmahni sponsor-tu an neih a tul.

Temporary ILP hi ni 15 thleng atan a pawh sei theih a; Regular ILP pawh hi pawh sei (renew or extent) theih a ni

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bawk a, tum hnih pawh sei theih niin tum khatah thla ruk aia rei pawh sei theih a ni lo. Hnam dnag sponsor-tute hian an mamawhna a zawh tawh chuan thu neitute hnena ILP surrender hi an mawhphurhna a ni a, Renew si lo surrender bawk si lo te chu kum hnih chhung atan hnam dangte an sponsor phalsak a ni lo. Tin, hun tiam chhunga ILP hi renew a nih loh chuan chu ILP chu cancel anga ngaih a ni. Mizo ni lo hnam dang tawh phawtten Mizoram leilung an rap dawn a nih chuanm ILP hi an neih a ngai a. Amaherawhchu, heng a hnuaia mite erawh hi chuan ILP an neih kher a ngai lo:-

(1) Sawrkar Officer, sawrkar hna tul leh pawimawh avanga lo kal te, (2) Venhim hna thawktu (Security Force) mi leh sate leh an chhung te, (3) Mizorama sawrkar hnathawk nghet te, (4) Sawrkar hnathawk retired tawh Mizo nupui pasala neih avanga Mizorama cheng ta te, (5) Sawrkar ukilte leh sawrkar rawih ukil te, (6) Government Undertakings leh Corporations hnathawkte, (7) Sawrkarin emaw Government Undertakings-in emaw Programme pawimawh a buatsaihnaa an mi sawmte. Hetiang thilah chuan Programme buatsaihtu (Sponsoring Department) chuan ILP pe chhuaktute hnen atangin Exemption Certificate an la chhuak tur a ni. (8) Zirlai, Mizoram chhunga zirna rawn beitu, Institution ID Card neite chuan an zir hun chhung atan ILP an neih kher a ngai lo bawk. Tin, sawrkar leh agency hrang hrangten Casual, Contractual leh Muster Roll-a hnathawktu an rawihte chuan Mizoram chhunga an hnathawh hun tur ang chiah ILP an nei bawk tur a ni a, heng hnathawk chhungte hi Mizorama an awm ve dawn chuan kum hnih thleng atan ILP pek theih an ni bawk.

Permanent Trade License leh Temporary Trade License neite leh an chhungte chu kum khat atanga kum thum thlengin ILP pek theih an ni a, tum khatah kum khat zel pawh sei theih a ni bawk. Chung Trade Lisence neite chuan an sumdawnna puibawm turin hnam dang mi panga aia tam lo an sponsor thei bawk. Tin, Private emaw Public

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Sector Company emaw te, Corporations leh Firms ten Mizorama hna an thawh ngei a tul a nih chuan Mizoram Value Added Tax Act, 2005 hnuaia an inziah luh theih nan chung Company aiawh mi pakhat tan ILP, kum hnih atan pek theih a ni a, chung Company hnuaia hnathawk dangte erawh chuan an bialtu DC hnenah kum hnih atan Regular ILP an dil a tul thung. Central Forces heng- BRTF, BSF, Assam Rifles, etc. te hian Non-CSD Canteen an nei tel thin a. Heng Canteen rawn siamtute (Proprietor) hnenah hian kum hnih atan ILP pek theih an ni a, chung Canteen-a Proprietor-te chuan anmahni puibawmtu tur hnam dang mi panga aia tam lo an sponsor thei bawk.

Department thenkhat- Border Roads Task Force te, PWD te, PHE te, P&E te leh Environment and Forest Department te hian Contractor-te leh Mahaldar-te kal tlangin pawn lam mi hna thawktu tam fe fe an neih chang a awm fo va. Heng hnathawktute hian ram leilung fate zingah harsatna tam tak an thlen chamchi a, Chu vang chuan chung hnathawk tura lo luh tumte chu uluk theih tawpa lo enfiah a, Provisional Inner Line Pass pek tur an ni.

ILP bawhchhiatna tihtlem a nih theih nan District tina SP te kaihhruaina hnuaiah Surprise Check, thla khatah tum khat tal neih tur a ni a. Home Department, Police Headquarters leh District Magistrate te hnenah Surprise Check report chu thehluh zel tur a ni a, ILP bawhchhiate chu dan anga an chungthu ngaihtuah zel tur a ni.

Chuti chuan, ram leh hnam humhalhna atana kan hmanraw neih zinga tha ber pakhat, ILP hi dan ang taka kan kenkawh zel a tul hle a. Kan hriat tak ang khan ILP kengkawh turin District Commisssioner te leh Superintendent of Police te hi an pawimawh em em a. Danin a beisei ang ngeiin a hun takah Surprise Check te hi an nei thin reng em tihte hi kan en fiah zel a tul hle a. Check-gate hrang hranga kan Police duty-te pawh hian an tih tur dik tak an ti zel em tihte leh thlemna dawrawm tak hmangin ILP nei lo te pawh lo hui liam mai mai chang an nei thin em tihte pawh mipuite hian kan bengvar zel a tha a ni.

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TUAR THLAWN EM? K.L.Liana, 10-5-2012.

Dan lam zirna leh ziakna hmun a nih lai a, thla en thu lam leh lunglen lam ngawt han sawi thu lah a awm si lo, duh mah ila a rem si lo. Rem lo mah se, tlem tal chu ka sawi tho dawn, remchang vak mah suh se, a pawi lo vang chu ti raw? Kumin, 2012 May thla, chung lama ka lung tileng tur renga eng no ruai kha a bial zan, ni 6, Pathianni zan khan i lo thlir ve em? Kumin chhunga a len ber leh a en ber tur a nih kha. Khuangchawi thlaah meuh pawh khatiang khan a engin a lang lian dawn lo tihna a nih chu! A enzia leh a lunglen thlakzia tak kha aw! Zanin ka lunglen reng chu , Ka dawn thin engvang nge ni; Chhawrthlapui en vang em ni ? A ni lo, nun hlui liam hnu ngaih vang a ni…. tih vawng vawng mai awl tak a nih kha, i ti ve lo em ni?

Le, chulam chu kalsanin kan tum lam ram panin khawnge kal lai i rel tan tawh zawk ang aw, chuti a nih loh chuan zan thla engah kan tham ral mai dah rual ang e! Keimah ngeiin ka lo tawn tawh thil han hrilh ve mai mai che u, ka duh deuh a. Dan kan zir a ni pah fawm zel bawk ang chu. Chhuak hmasaah khan pawngsual lam kan sawi a, tunah pawh chulam chu kan hrut zawm ang a, a thluk erawh a dang deuh thung dawn a ni.

Naupang, kum tlinglo pawngsual hi chu tupawhin kan ngaithiam lo, kan hua. Court lam pawhin dan ang takin a hrem thin. IPC an tih mai chang 376 (2) (f)-na angin chutianga naupang lo pawngsualtute chu hrem thin a ni a. Sawi tawh angin naupang, han tih chuan kum sawm leh pahnih la tling lote tihna a ni ber a. A chunglam pawngsualtute erawh chu chang 376(1) anga hrem an ni thin.

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Puitling chinah hi chuan kan Police-ten thubuai han siamsak thin mah sela, a tam berte hi chu pawngsual a ni loin kei chuan ka hria. Mahse Police tan chuan thubuai siamsak loh theih erawh a ni thung lo. Miin min pawngsual e, tia rawn pan ve tawk tawk, i duh ve reng a ni ang, a pawngsual lo ang che, lo tih ngawt thu lah awm bik si lo. Mahse a nihna diktakah chuan pawngsual a ni lo fo si. Chutichung chuan pawngsual thubuai siamsak loh theih a nih si loh avangin pawngsual thubuai ngah Mizoramin a nih phah a, a pawi hle. Ka hriat ve thenkhat te kan sawi ang a, mipate hian kan tuar thlawn mai fo em? Dik lo taka puh avangin jail bang kan zut phah ve fo thin em? tih chu ngaihtuah tham tak a ni ang.

April, 2012 khan doctor pakhat hmeichhia chu court-ah koh a ni a. A sawi ka la hriat reng chu, nizan khan kum thum kal taa hmeichhe pakhat an pawngsual an tih, pasal pawmlai nei ka endik a, a harsa duh khawp mai! a ti. Kei lah ta pek khan, ni maw, pawngsual a nih a va hre har ve aw, kum thum hnua han hriat chhuah chauh chu! ka ti. Han ngaihtuah ve teh mah, kum 2009 emawa an pawngsual kha 2012-ah a hrechhuak chauh tihna ni awm tak a ni. A pawngsualtua puh kha mana jail-a dah a nih phei chuan, tuar thlawn mai a ang duh fu lo vang maw?

Tum khat chu 2006 November thlaa pawngsual kha 2007 February thla khan a hmeichhia khan a hre chhuak ta chauh a ni awm e, police-ah FIR a thehlut a, an man a, jail-ah a tang a. A FIR-ah chuan, kum 16 ka nih lai pawhin vawi thum min pawngsual tawh, te a la ti ta deuh deuh a. Mahse duh aiin a hre chhuak tlai mah! Mipa chu court chuan enge a awmzia han sawi teh, tiin a zawt a.

Mipa chuan a han sawi ve ta a. Mipa sawi atanga a landan ve thung chu, an lo inngaizawng tawh thin a, hmeichhia chuan pasal a nei a, hmun dangah hnathawkin a awm a. Chutia a pasal awm ta lo chu a lo va riak thin a. Fa an la nei lo va, hmeichhia kha a mahin a pasal awm loh chuan a awm a. Thingtlangah chuan in inhnaih tak tak a lo ni a. Chutia a riak chu zing dar li velah a khuh a chhuak, a insum, mahse a chhuak si, a tawpah a insum zo lo a khuh

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ta, a khuh ri chu an thenawmten an lo hria, hmeichhia lah a pasal a awm lo tih an hre ve tho si, pasal awm si lo mahni maia awm zing dar li lai vela mipa khuh thawm an hria chu an ngaih a tha lo… hrethiams… kha pa kha khuh kher lo se chuan pawngsual thubuai awrhin jail bang a zut lo tur! Mahse e, a khuh miau si. Court pawh chuan a thubuai chu titawpin jail atang chuan a chhuah ta nghe nghe niin ka hria. Mipa khan a tuar thlawn niin i hre hial lo maw? Sawrkar Ukil-te chuan, ‘Khuh Case’ an ti.

Mipa kha jail-ah a tang mai ni loin, bail-a a chhuah hnu pawhin case kha kum 17 lai a kal a. Kum 17 chhung court-ah thla tin a kal a ngai tihna a nih chu. Pawngsual thubuai a awrh miau si. A thubuai awmzia chu maw, nula nen thing an phur a, di hmunah a nia. A pawngsual ta mai a. A pawngsual dan erawh a dangdai hret. Nula khan a mah pawngsualtu tur tlangval kha Evi thuama inthuamin mu zangthala kut lukhamin a lo sakuh ser nghah veng veng a. An haw dun ta a, kawngah an han inpawngsual leh ta pek a. Chutah le, in thlen dawn hnaih dai bulah an inpawngsual leh a, a vawi thumna. Nula kawngah khan hmawlhin nge thing bul zumin a hriat loh va, ani pawhin a chhun lai a hre bik lo, a lo chhun a ni chek ang a, a puan kha a rawn thi ta vak mai a. In a han thleng chu a chhungten i puan kha engtizia nge a va thi nasa ve? an lo ti a. Ani pawh chuan zep thei bik tawh hek suh, tlangvalin a pawngsual a ni, a ti a, tichuan police-ah kalin FIR an siam a, an man a, thubuai kum 17 chhung a neih phah a nih chu. Mahni pawngsualtu tur saruaka mu chunga lo nghah tak chu! Mipa khan a tuar thlawn niin i ngai hial em ni?

Hman kum khan khulai Sairang kawng velah khuan tlangval kha pawngsual thubuai neiin a tang a. A thawnthu chu hetiang hi a ni. Nuthlawi nen zu an in a, nu-i khan innei ang, a ti a. Ani lahin hmeichhe zu in nupuiah ka duh lo, a lo ti ve tumhrang a. Nu-i chuan a nih leh zan thum tal min ru rawh, a ti leh a. A la duh ta lo cheu va! An khawsa lai kha tlangval thiante pahnih khan hnai tawkah an lo en a, (zahmawhah lo ngai lo hram ila), nu-i kha a lo chungnung zawk a! Chutia zan thum tal pawh ru duh si lo, mutpui duh si chu a ngaithiam lo, police-ah FIR a siam a, man a ni ta a

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nih chu. Court pawh chuan a duh lo chung pawngsual a nih chuan tinge hmeichhia kha a thawha a tlan daih mai loh aw, a ti. Case kha tihtawp a ni ta niin ka hria.

Tum khat pawh nuthlawi tlawntlai tha pur mai hian amah pawngsualtu tlangval jail-a tang reng mai chu court-ah bail-a chhuah turin a ngen ta khiah mai a. Court pawh chuan chutia a pawngsual tawka berin a han ngen ta chu mak a ti deuh a, case kha a han ko va. Hetiang hi a lo ni a. Tlangval nen khan zanah an mu dun a, zinga a han harh chu kha nu khan thawmhnaw inbel reng reng nei loin Pi Evi thuamin a lo inthuam a ni tih kha a han hre lo thei ta lo va. Tichuan zan lamah khan tlangval khan a pawngsual ngei a ni, tih chu a hre chhuak ta thut a, police-ah FIR a siam a, an man ta a nih chu. A hre tlai ti raw? Mahse kum thum hnua hre chauh pawh an awm tak kha mawle, ani zawngin a tukah a hria a, a la hre hma mah mah zawk a ni. Court pawh chuan bail-in a chhuah ta nghe nghe a ni.

Jail-ah tlangval pawngsual thubuai avang bawkin a tang a. Court khan a han en a, mak a ti deuh a. Police Officer, thubuai chhuitu kha a zawt ta chawt mai a, ani lahin a case a ni bawk a, a lo hre chiang nasa mai a, “Khum chim case” a ti ta mai a! Hetiang hi a lo ni a. Nula leh tlangval khan film tha lo, blue film an tih mai hi an pahnih chauhin an en dun rek rek a, tichuan a changtunu leh changtupa lemah an tang dun a, chutia an khawsak lai chuan vanduaithlak takin khum kha a chim ta mai a! Chumai a ni lo, chutihlai kher kher chuan nula nu kha a lo haw bawk, thu a saisa zo ta. Khum chim chu a rawn hmuh hmaih hauh lo, a chhan a han zawt a, tlangval khan a pawngsual a lo ni ta mai a. Khum kha chim kher lo se e, jail bang zutin pawngsual thubuai a awrh kher lo mai thei, hrethiams?

A thui ta fu mai a, sawi tur dang pawh a la awm asin mawle, mahse sawi vek kher lo ila, that pawh a tha ber lo mai thei. Khing ka han tarlante khi a tak, pawngsual thubuai avanga jail tang, IPC chang 376 anga thubuai siamsakte an ni a, mahse a tawpah phei chuan thiam changin an awm ta vek a. Ka han tarlan duhna chhan ber

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zawka chu, pawngsual case kan tih tam berte hi chu, hmeichhia kha puitling chin an nih chuan, pawngsual case a ni vek kher lo, tih ka sawi duhna a ni. Chumi awmzia chu Police leh Excise-ten thubuai an siamsaka an man a, jail-a tangte hi mi sual an ni vek hauh lo tih hi kan hriat a tul a ni.

Mi suala puh an ni chauh a, chuvangin Sap tawng chuan, “Accused” an ti a, chu chu “puh” tihna a ni. Court-a an sualna finfiah a niha court-in thiam loh a chantir hma chuan eng thubuaiah pawh manin tang sela, mi suala ngaih tur a ni lo va, mi thaa ngaih zawk tur a ni. Keini Mizote hian an mana jail-a an khungte hi chu mi sual ni tura ngaih mai kan ching fo thin, hei hi a dik lo va, mi suala an puh an man mai a ni chauh zawk. Puh fuh fe fe chu an ngah khawp mai, fuh lo nangiang lah awm bawk. Engpawh nise, mi an man leh tangte hi mi sual ni lojn, suala puh an ni lek chauh tih erawh i hria ang u.

A tawp ber atana ka han sawi duh chu, mi an man bail-a chhuah an nih hian, mipuite hian bail-in an chhuah leh mai mai zel, an ti fo. Kan hriat chian loh avang a ni. Bail-a an chhuah hian a thubuaia kha a fel ta emaw kan tih avang a ni ber, a dik lo, thubuai ngaihtuah chhung khan jail-a awm loin pawnah an awm a ni mai zawk. A tawpa court thutlukna hi a pawimawh ber zawka chu a ni, tih hi i hria ang u. Bail-a chhuah kum sawm te, a aia rei te, kum eng emaw zat zalen taka pawna awm, a tawpa court-in thiam loh a chintir, dam chhung emaw, kum tam tak emaw tang tura court-in a tih hi an tam mai. Thiam loh an chan ni khan bail-a chhuak kha jail lamah an thawn liam leh thin a ni. Hetianga bail-a awm, rei tak thubuai ngaihtuah, a tawpa thiam loh changa jail-a lut leh tate hian an hreh duh hle thin bawk, mahse ‘ka hreh tawh ka duh lo’, tih theih ngawt lah a ni si lo.

Chuvangin mi bail-a an chhuah hian an thubuai atanga fihlim ta ang hiala kan ngai thin hi thlak a hun ta, a ni hauh lo, thubuai ngaihtuah chhung khan jail-ah an awm lo e, tih a ni mai zawk ngai e.

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HLEMHLETNA LEH A KAIHHNAWIH DAN LEH HRAI: HMALAM HUN THLIRNA

[Corruption laws in India: A futuristic approach] Dr. H.T.C. Lalrinchhana

“Ramchhunga hlemhletna ahluarna ah chutiang kaihhnawih dan chu atam chawk” Latin thufing1

SAWIHAWNNA:

‘Hlemhletna’ (Corruption) kan tih hi Transparency International2 chuan ‘thuneihna dan in a pek mimal hamthatna tur a hmansualna’ ti in a dah a3, N. Vittal4 chuan India rama hlemhletna kawnga in hnamhnawih thin panga (5) a tarlang-a chungte chu (i) hlemhletna hluarzel lo ti pung tu –neta (ii) politics a hruaitu – babu (iii) sorkar hnathawk lian – lala (iv) hlemhle taka sumdawng- jhola leh (v) mimal pawl din (NGO)- dada te an ni. N. Vittal hian hlemhletna India rama a hluar chhan a tarlan te chu5, (a) thawktu leh hmanrua indaih tawkloh vang (b) sorkar hnathawh dan file ilo kalphung kherkhiap lutuk vang (c) thutlukna siamdan phung langtlang tawklo (d) ramchhung dan kalphungah mi an thiamlohna rorelna court a finfiah anih hma loh chu tumah thiamloh chantir ngawt theih anilo tih vang te leh (e) hnam hnufual zeizia ah mi hlemhle te hum duhna leh ngaihsan zawkna vang te.

Hlemhletna hi kawng hrang hrangin dan hmanga hremtheihte chu tarlang ila- (i) Dan phal chin baka thuneihna mimal hamthatna tura

hmansual. (ii) Sorkar sumpai dan ang lova hlep ruk emaw a ziak a

dahfel thliam chung pawha mahni hlawh chhuah phu lova hausak.

(iii) Duhsak bik leh tan bik neia sorkar hna lak (iv) Thamna engkawng zawng pawha lak (v) Sorkar inrelbawlna dan hrang hrang zahlo taka

bawhchhiat, adt.

Transparency International in kum 2010 chhunga hlemhletna dawnsawn dan (Corruption Perception Index,

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2010) a tarlan ah chuan Denmark te, New Zealand te, Finland te leh Sweden te chu hlemhletna laka fihlim ber ber ram anni. India ram chu fihlim lamah 87 na ala ni cheu.

Ngaihtuahna awmthei pakhat chu tuna India rama ‘Lok Pal’ kan tih ang Scandinavian Ombudsman hi Denmark hian kum 1955 ah daih an lo nei tawh a, New Zealand hian kum 1962 ah, Finland hian kum 1919 ah, Sweden hian kum 1882 ah daih an lo nei tawh bawk6.

India ramchhungah Centre for Media Studies7 in heng (i) Public Distribution System (ii) School services (iii) Water Supply services leh (iv) Hospital Services te ah chauh State 12 ah chauh bawk kum 2010 a zirchhuah ah chuan cheng maktaduai 4718 hi pawisa chingpen hlutzawng ani.

HLEMHLETNA ZUNG LEH ZAM

Supreme Court of India chuan kan tunlai khawtlangnun-ah hlemhletna hi Cancer natna anga min run tu ani a, ahun takah hmuhchhuah anih loh chuan kan ram inrelbawlna pum leh ramchhung nun hian a chhiatpui hle dawn ani. He natna hi hripui ang ani a, ramhnuaia kangmei chhuak anga darh chak ani. A natna hi HIV/AIDS natna ang tihdam hleihtheihloh ani alo ti hial ani. [See State of MP & Others Vs Ram Singh (2000) 5 SCC 88, and State of Andhra Pradesh Vs V. Vasudeva Rao 2003 (9) Scale 569]

Mizoram chhung bikah chauh pawh hian han ngaihtuah ta ila, sorkar hnathawk zingah dan dik tak angin induhsakna leh midang thleibikna tel hauhlo a hnalak tamtak an awmlaiin, dan diktawkloa mimal in duhsakna leh midang thleibikna zara sorkar hna a lut tamlam chhut dawn ta ila, za zela chhutin an lo tam tawh viau mai lo ang maw?. Chutiang sorkar hnathawk hnathawhna hnuaiah chuan kan thla angam tak meuh ang maw!

Kan tlawmngaipawl chelek leh innghahna tling ber ber ni awma langte meuh pawh hi sorkar tanpuina pawisa

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emaw sorkar nena tangtlanga mipui pawisa hmanga hna an thawhna kawngah, enghun ah emaw dan mit timim zawnga pawisa sumpai hmankhawlohna alo awm tawh nual lo’ng maw?

Mipui mimir zingah sorkar sumpai kan hnen alo thlena dan ang taka hmang lemlo leh sorkar in inhlawhna asiam ah pawh darkar bituk ang thawk peihlo kan tam ta viau lo’ng maw?

Kohhran sumpai leh Kohhran Biakin te meuh pawh tute emaw hlemhletna avang hausa te pawkna/thawhlawm tel hauhlohna chu avang viau mai lo ang maw?

Kan hriat reng atana tul ni-a lang chu, sorkar hnathawk zingah te, politics a hruaitute zingah te, Kohhran a mi inhmang tak takte zingah te, zirlai zingah te leh mipui mimir zingah hlemhletna kawng zawng reng reng do tlat ngam, diklo taka hausak emaw dinhmun tha-a din aia dik taka retheih huam/ngam tamtak Mizo fa zingah an la awm tih hi theihnghilh loh atha awm e.

Hlemhletna kan sawilai hian, mi tumruh, mahni kutkawiha dik taka hausa te hmertel palh a hlauhawm bawk, kan ramah hian mi hausa leh dingchhuak an tam zawh poh leh hma kan sawn dawn tih hriat atul, sorkar inrelbawlna tura chhiah tam tak tak petu mi hausa te zar rethei ten kan lo dawn thin dan pawh ngaihtuah tel atha. Diktak chuan sorkar hnathawk zingah rau rau pawh hlawh leh hamthatna inang reng, rilru nei taka pawisa hmangzai thiam leh thiamlo te kum 5 dana an inthlauh theihzia pawh chhut leh chianpui pawh atul.

INDIA RAMA HLEMHLETNA DONA DAN: AN THA TAWK EM?

Justice K.G. Bhalakrishnan-a Chief Justice of India pawh lo ni tawh chuan, ‘Prevention of Corruption Act kan tih ah hian sorkar mi leh sa hlemhle-a puhte hrem tur chuan

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sorkar thuneitu in hrem phalna a pek phawt angai a (Section 19), hei hi Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 hnuaia Section 197 na nena inmil chiah ani bawk, tiin hei vang hian he Prevention of Corruption Act hi a thatawk lovin miin an hria ati a; Tin, mi hlemhle a finfiahte hi hrem ringawt lovin an hlemhletna bungraw rosum sorkar tana chhuhlet theihna hi Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of Properties) Act, 1976 ang hian awm ve se atha leh zual tur8’ alo ti a.

The Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) Act, 1946 kan han nei a, chumi hnu ah the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 (Tunah chuan Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 kan hmang) kan han neih leh bawk a, All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1954 (Tunah chuan All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968 kan hmang) te kan nei leh a, Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1955 te (Tunah chuan Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964 kan hmang), Railway Services (Conduct) Rules, 1956 te kan han nei zel a; tin, Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1957 (Tunah chuan Central Civil Services (Classification, Control and Appeal) Rules, 1965 kan hmang) te kan nei bawk.

Hetiang dante meuh pawh hian duthu ala sam

tawkloh avangin Railways (Kripalani) Enquiry Committee, 1953-1955 te, K. Santhanam (Committee on the Prevention of Corruption) Committee te dinin anni rawtna engah kum 1964 (February) khan Central Vigilance Commission hi din ani a, kum 1964 atang bawkin state tinah Vigilance Commission din tura tuk ani leh ta bawk. Central Vigilance Commission Act, 2003 (No. 45 of 2003) angin September 11, 2003 atang khan Central Vigilance Commission chu tih chak zual ani. Central Bureau of Investigation pawh Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 na anga hnathawk chu Indopui 2 na laivela War and Supply Department of India anga felhlel chhuitu chu tunah chuan sorkar department tin huam tirin, Union Territory tin leh state sorkar tin ah state sorkar remtihna angin (Section 6 of the DSPE Act) hlemhletna do

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turin an tha chhawr theih ani bawk. Tin, High Court te hian CBI te hi hnuchhui turin thupek an pe thei bawk [State of West Bengal & Ors. Vs. the Committee for Protection of Democratic Rights, West Bengal & Ors. decided on 17th February, 2010 in connection with Civil Appeal Nos.6249−6250 of 2001 with W.P. (Crl.) 24 of 2008, SLP (Crl.) No.4096 Of 2007 and W.P. (C) No.573 of 2006 delivered by Supreme Court of India]. Tin, Administrative Reforms Commission (Morarji Desai a kaihhruai) in 23-10-1966 a report a thehluh ang a ‘Ombudsman’ (Sorkar laipuiah Lok Pal, state sorkar tinah Loka-yukta) erawh he thu ziahlai hi chuan kan la nei rihlo anih hi. HLEMHLETNA LEH DANIN A HRILHFIAHNA: Indian Penal Code angin

(1) Sorkar hnathawk danin sumdawnna lamthila inhnamhnawih a phallohte sumdawnna lamthil ah emaw bungraw lilam lo chhangve ngawt tu hi nataka hremtheih ani [Ss. 168 and 169]

(2) Mi tupawh dan anga a chunga mawhphurhna tla, ama hamthatna tur angzawnga lo hmang diklo tu an awmin ‘Criminal Breach of Trust’ tih ni in nataka hremtheih ani [S. 405]

(3) Sorkar mi leh sate emaw, banker emaw, merchant emaw agent emaw, factor emaw broker emaw attorney emaw ten an kuta bungraw rosum awm an lo tih pelhe na hi nataka hremtheih ani [S. 409]

(4) Mi hnuaia hnathawk lehkhabu leh ziakfelna bu lama thuchhuangte lo tidiklo luitu te hi nataka hremtheih ani [S. 477A].

Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (Act No. 49 of 1988) angin

(1) Danin hlawh/lawmman atuk nilo sorkar hnathawhna nena inkaihhnawiha thilpek ama tan emaw midang tan pawha lo dawn hi phalloh ani [S. 7]

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(2) Sorkar mi leh sa sorkar hnathawhna kawnga dikhlela thil tihna tur hawizawnga thilpek dawn hi phalloh ani [S. 8]

(3) Sorkar mi leh sa sorkar hnathawhna kawnga felhlela thilpek lo dawn hi phalloh ani [S. 9]

(4) Sorkar mi leh sa felhlela thilpek dawnna Ss. 8 emaw 9 na ang kawnga sorkar mi leh sa vek ten an lo puihbawm pawh phalloh ani [S. 10]

(5) Sorkar mi leh sa ten man ngailo in emaw a man hu diktak ang anilo tih hrereng chungin a hnathawhna nena inkaihhnawiha thil hlu alo lake maw lei hi phalloh ani [S. 11]

(6) Sorkar mi leh sa vek ten achunga Ss. 7 emaw 11 na anga sorkar hnathawk thisual ti an lo puihbawm hi phal ani lo [S. 12]

(7) Sorkar hnathawk diktaka ahlawhchhuah (His known source of income) millo a hausa te hi hremtheih ani bawk [S. 13 (1) (e)].

(8) Sorkar hnathawk in bungraw rosum a mawhphurhna/thuneihna hnuaia awm diklo taka ama hamthatna tur zawnga alo tih chingpen pawh hi phal ani lo [S. 13 (1) (c)]. Hetiang tih tum pawh hi hremtheih ani [S. 15].

(9) Sorkar hnathawkin dan ang nilova ama tan emaw midang tan pawha rohlu emaw sumpai alo dawn te, athu neihna hmangsuala ama tan emaw midang tan pawha rohlu emaw sumpai alo dawn te, sorkar pisa aluahlaia midang tan pawha mipui vantlang hamthatna tur nilova rohlu emaw sumpai alo dawn te hi phal ani lo [S. 13 (1)(d)]. Hetiang tih tum pawh hi hremtheih ani [S. 15].

HLEMHLETNA HRIPUI LEH ATUARTU:

He thuziaktu hian kum 2005 kuma ‘Raltiang I kai ve ang’ tih lehkhabu a buatsaihlaia a zirbingna atanga ahmuhchhuah chu ‘Hlemhletna hi atitu in a tuar nasa ber’ tih hi ani. Kuttling lova sum lakluh chingte, mi bum hmangte, mi chanai laksak chingte nunzia leh an thlah kalzel hi chhut vang vang ta la, rum leh na tuar, nun

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pialtlep a tla zui siamthat theih tawhloh fate leh thlahte ha ti tim tu mai anni tih bak hmuhchhuah tur avang hle ang.

‘LOK PAL’ NIHPHUNG:

Sawitawh angin Scandinavian rama Ombudsman an tih ang hi India ram atan ‘Lok Pal’ ti in kan lo thluk a, ‘Lok’ tih hi Sanskrit tawng niin ‘Mipui’ tihna ani mai a; tin, ‘Pal’ tih hi ‘Venghimtu’ tihna mai ani. Tichuan ‘Lokpal’ kan tih chuan ‘Mipui vawnghimtu’ tihna ang tluk mai ani. Kan hriat angin Ombudsman ang hi Parliament-ah kum 1960 chawhma lamah daih putluh alo ni tawh a, Jan Lokpal Bill hi a hmasa ber atan Pu Shanti Bhushan an kum 1968 khan pulut in Lok Sabha pali (4) na khan kum 1969 khan a lo relthlu (passed) tawh a, mahse Rajya Sabha a kaltlang zolo anih kha. Lokpal bill chu kum 1971 ah te, 1977 ahte, 1985 ah te pharh alo ni tawh a. Rajiv Gandhi a Cabinet a Law Minister Ashoke Kumar Sen pawh in kum 1989 ah te, 1996 ahte, 1998 ahte, 2001 ahte, 2005 ah te leh 2008 ahte alo pulut tawhna-a, relthluk erawh ani lem lo. Lokpal Bill hian Prime Minister te leh Minister dang te, Member of Parliament te pawh huamin mi hlemhle te hnu kori tu zawka chhui leh hrem atum ani ber tih kan hriat kha. Tunah hian Anna Hazare a hoten Jan Lokpal bill an buaipui mek tih kan hriat hi. Hei hi Justice Santosh Hegde (former Supreme Court Judge and former Lokayukta of Karnataka) te, Prashant Bhushan (Supreme Court Lawyer) leh Arvind Kejriwai (RTI activist) te duan niin, he bill duan ang chuan mi hlemhle te lungin a tan tir mai bakah an hlemhletna rosum/bungrua chhuhsak theih pawh ani dawn ani. Tin, sorkar phalna la hmasa kherlo pawhin Politician te leh sorkar hnathawkte thubuai asiam theihin hremtheih ani dawn bawk ani.

Jan Lokpal Bill thuken tlangpui-

1. Sorkar laipui-ah Lokpal a awm anga state tinah Lokayukta din ani ang

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2. Supreme Court leh Election Commission of India angin mahni-a thuneihna hran nei ani anga, minister emaw sorkar hnathawk tumahin an hnuchhui thunun theih ani lo ang

3. Hnuchhui reng reng kum khat chhunga zawh ngei tur ani anga. Thubuai rel pawh ahnu kumkhat ah zawh ngei ngei tur ani ang. Tin, thiamloh chantir te kum hnih chhung tantir theih ani ang.

4. Thiamloh chantir annih hunah sorkar sumpai hloh ang hu thiamloh chang hnen atanga laklet sak tur ani ang.

5. Sorkar pisa tinah hun bi tuk chhunga mipui dilna emaw ngaihtuah sak anih loh chuan, a bawhchhetu officer chu pawisa chawitir theih ani anga. Zangnadawmna angin lungawiloh thu thlentu hnenah pek theih ani ang.

6. I Ration Card emaw, Passport emaw Voter card te siam anih loh chuan Lokpal ah i thlen thei anga. Police ten i thubuai an ziahluh duhloh pawhin i thlen thei ang. Inkalpawhna kawngpui thattawkloh thu ah te, rawsawt dawn that loh avang te pawhin Lokpal ah lungawiloh thu i thlen thei ang.

7. Lokpal memberte hi Politician te ruattur ni lovin, langtlang tak leh mipui telve na angin ruattur ani dawn ani.

8. Lokpal a hnathawkte hlemhletna thila an inhnamhnawih chuan thla hnih chhunga ban tur anni anga, an hnu chhui nghal tur ani.

9. Tuna, hlemhletna dona hmanrua, Central Vigilance Commission te, CVI te hi Lokpal ah chhunluh anni anga, Lokpal hian thuneihna tawp neiin, hnuchhui leh thubuai kalpui pawh an kut ani ang.

10. Lokpal hian hlemhletna dona kawnga hmala thinte venhim hi a tihtur ani bawk ang adt.

An fapa kha a thi a, a thlan lungah Saptawnga tlem tal telh ve an duh si a. An khua a saptawng thiam ber chu an ruai ta a, ti hian a ziah sak a “OF THUAMA, Kum 20”

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‘LOKAYUKTA’ NIHPHUNG:

Lokayukta/Lok Pal din tawhna state te chu-

1) Lokayukta, Andhra Pradesh 2) Lokayukta, Assam 3) Lokayukta, Bihar 4) Lok Aayog Adhyadesh (ordinance), Chattisgarh 5) Lokayukta, Delhi 6) Lokayukta, Gujarat 7) Lokayukta, Jharkhand 8) Lokayukta, Haryana 9) Lokayukta, Himachal Pradesh 10) Lokayukta, Karnataka 11) Lokayukta, Kerala 12) Lokayukta, Madhya Pradesh 13) Lokayukta, Maharashtra 14) Lokpal, Orissa 15) Lokpal, Punjab 16) Lokayukta, Rajasthan 17) Lokayukta, Uttarakhand - adopted from Uttar

Pradesh 18) Lokayukta, Uttar Pradesh

Hmarchhak state zingah Assam chauhin an la nei tih kan hria a, Assam hian Assam Lokayukta and Upa-Lokayukta Act, 1985 (Assam Act No. XX of 1986) [Vide, Assam Gazette, Ext. Ordinary No. 130 dt. 31-12-1986] alo nei tawh a. He dan ang chuan Lokayukta leh amah puitu tur Upa-Lokayukta pakhat emaw, a aia tam Governor in a ruat tur ani. Lokayukta ruat tur chuan Chief Justice, Gauhati High Court te, Assam Legislative Assembly-a Speaker leh Opposition Leader te berawnin Governor hian a ruat anga, Upa- Lokayukta erawh chu Lokayukta biakrawnna anga ruattur ani [S. 3]. Lokayukta tur hian Supreme Court emaw High Court a Judge nilai emaw lo ni tawh ruat theih an ni [S. 4]. Lokayukta leh Upa-Lokayukta te chu kum nga chhung emaw kum 68 an tlin thleng ahma zawk zawk angin an hunchhung an chelh thei ang.

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Himachal Pradesh-ah pawh ‘The Himachal Pradesh Lokayukta Act, 1983 (Act No. 17 of 1983)’ angin Lokayukta din ani a, an Lokayukta inrelbawlna inkhaidiat dan lo en ila-

Himachal Pradesh-a Lokayukta thubuai thehluh dan pawh Annexure- A ah hian tarlan ani. Tin, an thubuai thehluh thlawptu Affidavit pawh Annexure- B ah tarlan ani.

TLANGKAWMNA India pawh hian ‘United Nations Convention

against Corruption’ [General Assembly Resolution No. 58/4 Dt. 31st October, 2003; Tin, December 14, 2005 atanga hman tan ani] chu May 12, 2011 khan alo pawmpui (ratified) ve tawh a. Engpawhnise, thlansa phulkaia thawhchhuah nilo hlawkna leh hlawhtlinna reng reng hian mihring a eichhe thinin, chutiang tello-a hlawhtlinna leh hausakna chu Siamtu in leilung asiam lai khan asiam tello tih kan chian a pawimawh. Hlemhletna haw ber bera insawiten an hamthatna pual bil tura thuneitute dikhlela an nawr ru thin han hriatte, sorkar hnalak dan diklo haw ber bera insawite, mahni emaw chhungte tana thuneitute dikhlela hna pe tura an han nawr thin han hriatte, tawngtai ring ber ber thinte leh Kohhran rawngbawlna ki pawimawh

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chelh nuam ti em em thinten dikhlela sumpai an hui emaw dikhlela hnalakna a an chhungte an thun thin han hriatte hian mitha nun ati beidawng thuiin, thangthar chhuan lo awm mek leh lo awm turte kawngzawh tur ati bahlah thin.

Hlemhletna hluarna hmunah chuan mipuiin chhiah pek an hreh a, zirna in atuar hle bawk a, hausa leh rethei inkar a zau hle a tlangkang angmaiin rapthlak taka irchhuah hun a inmung thin. Mipat hmeichhiat hmankhawloh leh hmeichhe inzuar an pung thur thur a, ram eibar dinhmun achhia a, ram leh hnam himna a derthawngin, khawtlang kalphung a buai phili a, vantlangnun him din ngaihna a awm tak tak theilo.

Mizo vantlangnunah, kohhranah ani emaw, tlawmngaipawl ah ani emaw kawngdangin thawhlawm pekloh ngam ni silo atam hle, ahminga Officer leh hnasang chelhte tuk tam kan ching bawk, pawl sum tuakna thilzawrh leh sumpai chelekna a nasa hle, hlemhletna tello-in Mizo khawtlangnunah tlangtla taka khawsak harsa ti pawh an awm a mawh love, khawtlangnun kalsiam pawh bih let atul.

Sorkar laipui tihdan ang hian, sorkar pisa din anih dawnin sorkarin a hnathawkte chenna tur (Quarter) a ruahman tel thin tur ani. Hei hi achhan chu, sorkar hnathawk eiru kan tih reng reng hian in leh lo din an buaipui chawk a, miin sorkar hna athawh chhung chu in leh lo indin hran ngailo, khawihmunah pawh sorkar hna thawk kual se sorkar quarter ah duhthala a chenna tur ngaihtuah atul. Chuvangin, sorkar quarter luahman pawh tihhniam ngam atul bawk ang.

Hlemhletna do tur hian midang mitmei ven angai lova, mahni nitin nuna bultan tawp ngai ani. Midangte insiamthat hun leh do tan hun nghah chi anilo tihna anih chu….!!!

NGAIHTUAH HO TURTE: 1. Mizoram sorkar hnuaia Department/Office te zingah

hlemhletna hluarna ber ber Department/Office pathum thlanchhuah tur kan hria em?

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2. bvMizoram chhungah hlemhletna thubuai-a hrem sawitur an vang hle a, hlemhletna chu tam hle in kan hre bawk si; Hlemhletna dona dan kan neihthat tawkloh vangnge dan kan lekkawh that tawkloh vang ?.

3. Lokayukta din tur hian State thuneihna liau liau ani a, Sorkar laipui hmalakna tello pawhin hetiang dan leh hrai hi kan siam thei tih kan chianga, chuti alo nih chuan Mizoram ah Lokayukta hi neih ve tul kan ti em ?. Tul ti ila eng ang thuneihna chin pek nge tha kan tih ?.

4. Mizo khawtlangnun leh ram kalsiamah mi hlemhle te an chep ta tawlh tawlh nge, ngaih pawimawh leh zah an la phur zawk ?.

THULAKNA LEH SAWIBELHNA: 1. P. 2, Joshi G.P. (): The Central Vigilance Commission and

the Central Bureau of Investigation, published by the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI), New Delhi, Sarvodaya Enclave

2. ‘Transparency International’ hi khawvel pum huapa tlawmngai pawl hlemhletna dona tur kawnga ke penchhuak kum 1993 a din an ni a, Berlin ah hmunpui ber annei ani. Anni chuan ‘Corruption hian mi zawng zawng ahliam ani’ an ti tawl mai [http://www.transparency.org/about_us]

3. http://www.transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_indices/cpi/2010/in_detail#1, visited on 28-08-2011

4. N. Vittal hi kum 1960 kuma Indian Administrative Service zawm ani a, India sorkar hnuaiah hna pawimawh tak tak a chelh tawh thin a, Central Vigilance Commissioner anih khan hmalakna mellung pawimawh tak tak hlemhletna dona kawngah alo phun tawh ani.

5. Combating Corruption, N. Vittal [http://www.india-seminar.com/2000/485/485%20vittal.htm- visited on 28-08-2011]

6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman visited on 28-08-2011

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7. Centre for Media Studies hi kum 1991 atanga New Delhi a innghata hlawkna um lova ram inrelbawlna zirbing tu pawl niin zirbingna kawngah heng- UNICEF, Academy for Educational Development (AED) in 2007 (USAID, Washington Funded), Centre for Civil Society, Transparency India International te nen hian an thawkho ani.

8. National Seminar on ‘Fighting crimes related to corruption’, Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi- September 12, 2009.

ANNEXURE- A

[HIMACHAL PRADESH-A LOKAYUKTA HNENA THUBUAI THLEN DAN]

FORM-I

(See rule 4)

FORM OF COMPLAINT

BEFORE THE LOKAYUKTA, HIMACHAL PRADESH

Complainant…………………..……………………… son of, d/o, w/o ………………………………………………………… (add description of profession, residence etc.)

In the matter of allegation against …………………….……………. s/o, d/o, w/o……………….……………………… holding the office of……….…………………………………… at…………………………………………… The above named complainant is satisfied that the aforesaid public servant:- (i) has knowingly and intentionally abused his position as such to obtain any undue gain or favour to himself or to

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any other person or to cause undue harm to any other person; and /or (ii) was actuated in the discharge of his functions as such public servant by corrupt motives; and/or (iii) is guilty of corruption; and/or (iv) is in possession of pecuniary resources of property disproportionate to his known source of income and such pecuniary resources or property is held by the public servant personally or by any member of his family or by some other person on his behalf. (Strike out the clause or clauses not relevant to the complaint) To support the allegations the complainant relies on the following facts and is also filing an affidavit:- (1) (2) (3) (4)

The complainant has/have not for the same matter resorted to a remedy by way of proceedings before a tribunal/a court of law/an authority empowered to decide the matter particulars of which are as under:- (Give particulars and result if any) It is, therefore, prayed that an inquiry be made against the said public servant.

………………………………

Signature/or right hand thumb mark of the applicant.

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VERIFICATION

I,……………………………..s/o,d/o,w/o……….…………………..r/o………………………………………………………. hereby verify that the facts stated by me in paras………………………..to……….……in the complaint are true to my personal knowledge and /or the facts stated by me in paras…………………..to…………………………are based on information received from ………………………………..(give the name) and/or documents, and the same are believed by me to be true. ………………………………

Signature/right hand thumb mark of the applicant.

ANNEXURE- B

[HIMACHAL PRADESH-A LOKAYUKTA HNENA THUBUAI THLEN DAN-A AFFIDAVIT THIL TEL NGAI]

FORM-II (See rule 4)

Note:- This affidavit should be got prepared on a non-judicial stamp paper worth Rs. 3/- and then it should be got attested from Competent Authority or an Oath Commissioner.

FORM OF AFFIDAVIT

I,………………………………age……………..s/o, d/o, w/o Shri………………………………………. profession………..………… Resident of …………… Tehsil………….. District…………… do hereby solemnly affirm and state as follows:-

(1) that I am the complainant in this case ;

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(2) that the statements of this complaint petition have been read by/read over to me and understood heard by me and these are true to the best of my knowledge and belief;

(3) that the facts stated by me in paras…………………… to………………………… are true to the best of my personal knowledge and facts stated in paras ……………..to………… are based on the information given to me by Shri …………… and/or documents which, I believe to be true. ………………………………

Signature/or right hand thumb mark of the applicant.

Place………………………….. Dated………………………….

Affidavit sworn before me Certified that the above averment was declared before me on oath/affirmation this…………………….. day of ……………….. 20______ at …………………… in the District of ………………………….. by Shri/Smt./Miss………………….…………….. who was identified by Shri/Smt. /Miss…………………………………. Who is personally known to me. The contents of the above affidavit have been read over and explained to the deponent who admitted the same to be correct and true. ………………………………… Designation of the authority before whom affidavit is sworn Place………………………….. Dated………………………….

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MEDIA LEH THUBUAI KAL MEK CHUNGCHANG Laldinpuia Tlau

Civil Judge, Saiha

Media chu eng nge ? - Media chu medium plural a ni a, chanchin inhrilhdarhna hmanruate tihna a ni thei ang. Tun hma chuan chanchin thehdarhna hmanrua ber chu chanchinbu hi a ni a. Tunah chuan hmanrua engemaw zat a awm tawh a. Chungte chu Print media (nemkai/chhut kai), Broadcasting media (puan hlatna), Film media (ennawm) leh Electronic Media (Kawlphetha hmang) te an ni. (Zoparliani Khiangte – Media Law & Ethic)

Media pawimawhna – Tun lai khawvel inawpna hi democracy a ni ta deuh vek mai a. Chutah chuan sawrkarna chelhtu tur mipuiin an thlang chhuak thin. Party emaw mimal emaw thatna leh that lohna puangzara mipui ngaihdan siamtu ber chu media hi a ni a. Mi fing apiangin media pawimawhna an hria a, hman tangkai an tum thin.

Kum tam liam tawhah khan Edmund Burke chuan journalism hi fourth estate tih hming a lo phuah tawh a nih kha. Sawifiah han tum ila. Ram inawpna hi kawng thumin an then thin a. Chungte chu, a hmasa berah legislature an ti a, dan siamtute an ni. Executive an awm leh a, dan hrang hrang leh inawpna hrang hrang kengkawhtute an ni a. A tawp ber chu judiciary a ni a, dan venghimtu leh a bawhchhetute hremtu a ni. Chumi dawtah Edmund Burke chuan journalism hi a dah tihna a ni ang, tunlai huna sawi ni se, journalism ti loin media a tih zawk a rinawm e.

Media mite zalenna – Media mite chu an hmanraw hmanga chanchin puangzar reng an ni si a. Chuvang chuan mi dangte aiin mi pawisawina remchang an ngah bik a

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tihtheih awm e. Chuti chung chuan, chanchinbu mite zalenna hi khua leh tui dangte zalenna aiin a sang bik lo.

Media mi leh mi lo pawhin zalenna inang an neih chu India Danpui Bung 19 (1) (a) niin chutah chuan chiang takin, India khua leh tui tawh phawtin thusawi leh ngaihdan tilang tura zalenna an neih thu a inziak a.

Mahse, Article 19 (2)-ah chuan, a chunga zalenna hian India zalenna leh zahawmna te, ram ralmuanna te, ram dang nena inlaichinna te, vantlang inawpna te, court zahawmna te vawnhimna atana khuahkhirhna dan awm sa leh dan siam theihna a nghawng lo ang tih a inziak.

Court zahawmna – Court zahawmna vawnhim dan ber chu zahlohna lantir loh tur a ni. Court zahlohna tih hian, court leh a rorel dan sawi bawrhban te, court rorel lai tihbuaite a huam. The Contempt of Courts Act 1971-ah chuan zahlohna (contempt) chi hnih a awm a.

(1) Civil Contempt u/s 2(a) - Civil contempt chuan court thutlukna hrang hrang leh court kalphung zawm duh loh luih leh court laka thutiam bawhchhiat luih a huam.

(2) Criminal Contempt u/s 2(b) - Criminal Contempt chuan thu ziakin emaw lemziakin emaw chetzia dang emaw hmanga -

(a) Court-a thuneitute tihmingchhia leh tihniam thei chi zawng zawng

(b) Thubuai kal lai hruai peng daih thei (c) Court rorelnaa inrawlh leh tibuai thei reng rengte a

huam.

Thubuai kal lai – Criminal case emaw civil case emaw pawh ni se, court chinfel tura thubuai ziah luh, thutawp la siam loh reng reng a huam thei ang. Case-in court a thlen tawh reng reng chuan mahni hriat leh ngaihdan (own

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version of fact) chhuah phal a ni tawh lo. Court rorelna tibuai thei thil ziahlan te, hminghmerah ziak lova meinei (innuendo) taka court roreltu (judge/magistrate) te dem leh sel te, court emaw judiciary emaw dik lo taka sawseite danin a khap tlat a ni.

Court thubuai chu eng tik atanga intan nge tih hi ngaihdan a insual fo a. A intanna chu court-in charge-sheet/ challan Cr. PC sec 173 anga a dawn atangin a ni. (Reporting of Court Proceedings by Media and the Administration of Justice – K.G. Balakrishnan)

Trial by media that lohna te : Kum zabi 20-na tawp lam leh kum zabi 21-na tir lam atang khan media hmanga thubuai kal lai lo chai hi a lar thar hle mai a. Mi thenkhatin thiam an chan ngei theih nan emaw thiam loh chan ngei nan emaw tan an la vak thin. Chu chu trial by media an ti a. Chanchinbuin nghawng a neih nasat dan leh TV hmanga thil chhuahin mimal hming a tihhliau theihzia sawi nan an hmang bawk.

Dr. A. Raghunadha Reddy chuan Trial by media that lohna hetiang hian a sawi. (Trial by media - a critique from human rights angle)

1. Chanchinbua ngaihdan lo chhuakin a hnua thuhretua tang leh tur ngaihdan a hruai kawi daih thei.

2. Inkhinten an thubuai an tihtawp hmak phah thei 3. Court chungchang mipui hruai sualin dan

hmanga rorelna an rin loh phah thei 4. Mi thenkhatin court kal an hreh phah thei.

A that lohzia heti hian han sawi ila. Entir nan, Pu X-a chu tual thata puh a ni a. Chanchinbu hrang hrangin a thlalak an chhuah chuai chuai a. Thiam loh chantir a nih ngei theihna atan an ziak kur nguai hlawm a. Mahse a tawpah court-in thiam a chan tir ta tho a, finfiahna tha tawk

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a awm loh avangin. Chuti chung chuan vantlang zingah a tuitla tak tak thei tawh kher lo mai thei a ni. Chuvang chuan, Chief Justice of India lo ni tawh Justice K G Balakrishnan chuan “Thubuai kal lai chungchangah trial lo neih ve hi thil tih dan dik lo a ni.” a ti bur mai.

Defamation chungchang : Defamation hi inpuh hmingchhiatna kan tithin a, a dik chiah lo deuh. ‘Dawta puh’ tihna a ni mah zawk. Pastor pakhat chuan KS a lo dawr thin a, chu chu mi pakhatin a sawi chhuak a. Pastor tan chuan hmingchhiatna tawpkhawp ni mah se, defamation a tling lo, a chhan chu thu dik a ni miau a.

Defamation hi chi hnih a awm. Pakhat chu Tort dan hnuaiah a ni a, thu dik lo

hmanga mi sawichhiat hi a ni a. Chumi avanga dawta puhin a tawrh phei chuan a tihmingchhetu lak atangin zangnadawmna a dil thei hial a ni.

A dang pakhat chu IPC hnuaiah Sec 499 a ni thung. Mi tupawhin tawngka emaw ziak emaw chhinchhiahna emaw hmuh theih thil dang emaw hmanga mi dang hmingthatna tihhliau tuma a puh reng reng hi a huam a ni. He danin defamation tling lo a tihte : (1) Tu emaw chungchangah mipui vantlang thatna tura

thu dik tak hmanga puh. (2) Sawrkar hnathawkte, an hnathawh dan chungchang

emaw a hna kaihhnawiha a nungchang chungchanga ngaihdan sawi.

(3) Vantlang tan pawipha chungchanga tute emaw an hnathawh dan chungchang emaw a hna kaihhnawiha a nungchang chungchang emawa ngaihdan sawi.

(4) Thubuai kal lai emaw thutlukna emaw dik taka chhuah.

(5) Court-in thutlukna a siam tawhah, thubuai emaw thuhretu emaw leh mi dangte emaw chungchanga ngaihdan sawi. Contempt of Court sec 5-naah chuan

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mi tupawh thubuai rem tawh chungchanga fair comment a pek chu court zah loa ngaih a ni lo ang tih a inziak bawk.

(6) Tu te emawin a thiltih chungchanga mipui ngaihdan an lak tuma ngaihdan lo sawi ve.

(7) Mahni aia hnuaite rilru dik tak hmanga khakna siam. (8) Thuneitu hnena tu emaw puhna siam. (9) Mahni emaw mi dang emaw thatna atana tu emaw

nungchanga puhna siam.

Supreme Court chuan chanchinbu mite hi civil leh criminal hnuaia defamation mawhphurhna atangin an fihlim bik chuang lo tiin thutlukna a siam.

Kan fimkhurna turte : India danah hian, court-in thubuai ngaihtuah mek

chungchangah tan lam nei taka mi thu chhuah tur khap theihna a nei lo a. Chutih laiin Supreme Court chuan M.P. Lohia v State of West Bengal-ah thubuai kal lai chungchanga ngaihdan lo siam chungchangah media chu warning a pe thung. Mipui ngaihven hlawh tak thubuai a lo awm changin, mipui ngaihdan khan court ngaihdan hial pawh tihdanglamtir tumna a awm theih avangin, court chuan chutianga chanchinbua lo chhuah vak vak chu a khap thei a ni. (1) Court thubuai kal lai chungchang chhuah a nihin dik

taka chhuah chhawn tur a ni. (2) Thubuai thenkhat chu a tuartu hming leh anmahni hriat

chhuah theihna ang chi te chhuah phal a ni lo, eg, pawngsual tawktu hming. Juvenile Justice Act 2000 hnuaia naupang dan bawhchhia nia puhte leh fahrahte hming, address, thlalak te tarlan phal a ni lo bawk.

(3) Dan chuan mi tupawh thiam loh chan tir a nih hma chuan mi fel (innocent) niin a ngai a. Hei vang hian tawngkam pawh uluk a ngai. Thubuai ngaihtuah lai a

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nih chuan, pawngsualtu nia puh an man, thil rua puh etc tia chhuah thin tur a ni.

(4) Court-a thubuai hi a duh apiang tan ngaihthlak theih a ni. Theih lohna tlemte a awm bawk.

(5) Court thubuai kan chhuah dawnin court pindan chhung leh roreltute thlalak chhuah phal a ni lo.

(6) Court thubuai kan hriat duh chu ukilte emaw mi dang remchang emaw zawh mai tur a ni a. Magistrate/Judge chuan a ngaihdan chu an judgment/order hmangin an tilang thin.

(7) Thil tisuala puh thenkhat Bail-a chhuah an nih hian an thubuai a tawp tihna a ni lo.

(8) A theih hram chuan thubuai siamsak an nihna dan, bung leh chang ziah lan zel theih a tha.

(9) Chanchin bengverh chi (Sensational news) hi mihring ngaihven zawng tak a ni a. Chutiang chhuah lai chuan hengte hi hriatreng tur a ni (a) Hmingthatna tihliau thei (The right to reputation) (b) Mimal thil ngawih ngawih (The right to privacy) (c) Court zah lohna te (The law of contempt of court)

Tum khat chu chanchinbu pakhat hian Supreme Court Judge fapa 2 leh Chief Justice of India fapa 2 chu Petroleum Minister-in petrol outlet pek chungchangah duhsak uchuak niin a tarlang a. Chu news item chu a hnuah editor, publisher leh a chanchinbu ngei pawhin a tisual tih pawmin tihpalh liau liau a nih thu an sawi a. Chutih laiin Supreme Court chuan an fimkhur loh rah seng turin an pumpelh thei lo ang a ti a. Mahse ngaihdam an dil nasat em avangin, an dilna chu hun kal tura fimkhur tura chahin a a pawm sak hram.

Media te hian mipuite hnenah thu thar ber ber an hrilh lai hian thubuai neite emaw court rorelna emaw tibuai khawp tur chuan an inrawlh tur a ni lo. Supreme Court chuan trial by media leh public agitation te hi dan rorelna

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kalh tlat niin a sawi a. Kan hriat reng fo tur chu, media mite zalenna leh dik taka rorelna hi a kalkawp tlat tur a ni.

Press Council of India leh Editors’ Guild of India te kaihhruaina siamah chuan, thu chhuah tur chu a dik ngei leh ngei lo finfiah te, mi bengverh zawng (sensational) laka insum te leh thubuai kai laia ngaihdan lo siam lohte a tel a ni.

Hetiang hian han tlangkawm ta ila, media zalenna hi democracy hlawhtlinna lungphum pawimawh ber zinga mi a ni. Chutih laiin an zalenna chu court rorelna tibuai zawng leh thubuai neite tan harsatna siam zawngin an hmang tur a ni lo.

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Court –a thubuai neih aiin inremna kawng zawngin Lok Adalat i pan ang u.

Mizoram State Legal Services Authority - ah Ukil ruai thei lote tan tanpuina dil theih a ni a, thubuai nei te tan Court thleng lovin Lok Adalat – ah inrem theih a

ni bawk.

Issued by: Member Secretary

Mizoram State Legal Services Authority Junior Judge’s Quarter

New Secretariat Complex, Khatla- Aizawl Phone: 0389-2336621/2317811, Fax: 0389-2336619

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Zawhna leh thu chhuah tur nei chuan engtik lai pawhin Editor hnenah a thawn theih reng e.