‘‘Inclusive Entrepreneurship’ in Inclusive Entrepreneurship’ in Distressed Urban AreasDistressed Urban Areas

The case of LisbonThe case of Lisbon

Brussels, 10th October 2007Brussels, 10th October 2007

ContextContext

Increasing unemployment and povertyIncreasing unemployment and poverty

Spatial concentration in “distressed urban areas”Spatial concentration in “distressed urban areas”

Employment, new job creation and entrepreneurshipEmployment, new job creation and entrepreneurship

Context-dependency of entrepreneurship and Context-dependency of entrepreneurship and innovationinnovation

Traditional and “new” problemsTraditional and “new” problems

Developing a Policy for ‘Inclusive Developing a Policy for ‘Inclusive Entrepreneurship’Entrepreneurship’

OECD and Local Employment InitiativesOECD and Local Employment Initiatives

European Commission and the “Social Labour European Commission and the “Social Labour Market”Market”

““Entreprises d’Insertion”Entreprises d’Insertion”

Microcredit Microcredit

Poverty, problems and Poverty, problems and potentialpotential

‘‘Solutions’, part of the problemSolutions’, part of the problem

““Distressed Urban Areas” in Distressed Urban Areas” in LisbonLisbon

The Region of Lisbon concentrates 3,4 million people The Region of Lisbon concentrates 3,4 million people (30% of the population, 13% of the territory)(30% of the population, 13% of the territory)

2 541 000 people live in the Metropolitan Area of 2 541 000 people live in the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon Lisbon

262 “distressed urban areas”, 80 (1/3) “newly” built 262 “distressed urban areas”, 80 (1/3) “newly” built social housing areassocial housing areas

Alone in the town of Lisbon, 143 679 people live in Alone in the town of Lisbon, 143 679 people live in 89 “distressed urban areas” (26% of the population)89 “distressed urban areas” (26% of the population)

K’Cidade ProjectK’Cidade Project

10 000 inhabitants10 000 inhabitants

Empowerment and Empowerment and EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship

Equal assumptions and Equal assumptions and principles as an principles as an experimental experimental programmeprogramme

Testing the ToolTesting the Tool

Assumptions: why starting from an Equal project?Assumptions: why starting from an Equal project?

Dimensions: building on previous knowledge and the Dimensions: building on previous knowledge and the tools structuretools structure

Methodology: legitimacy, information and learning Methodology: legitimacy, information and learning with the tool?with the tool?

Weaknesses and Strenghts: building a Community of Weaknesses and Strenghts: building a Community of Practice?Practice?

Key Policy Issues (I)Key Policy Issues (I)

Social protection, active and passive social Social protection, active and passive social policy (becoming formal?)policy (becoming formal?)

Premises and residential space (household Premises and residential space (household centred policy?)centred policy?)

Context, social networks and Context, social networks and entrepreneurship (“invisible” entrepreneurship (“invisible” entrepreneurs and relations?)entrepreneurs and relations?)

Entrepreneurial initiative (Without pro-Entrepreneurial initiative (Without pro-active action and changing context?) active action and changing context?)

Changing atitudes and behaviour (Without Changing atitudes and behaviour (Without early stimulation?) early stimulation?)

Key Policy Issues (II)Key Policy Issues (II) Business strategies and Business strategies and

minimum wage (Ways minimum wage (Ways out of the traps?)out of the traps?)

Business and advice for Business and advice for “inclusive “inclusive entrepreneurship” entrepreneurship” (Requiring adequate (Requiring adequate specific and generic specific and generic skills?”)skills?”)

New Business CreationNew Business Creation

Business and advice for Business and advice for “inclusive entrepreneurship” “inclusive entrepreneurship” (Requiring adequate specific (Requiring adequate specific and generic skills?”)and generic skills?”)

Sub-contracting, CSR and Sub-contracting, CSR and business opportunities business opportunities (Without building local (Without building local economic thickness?)economic thickness?)

New Business CreationNew Business Creation

Partnership and Local Partnership and Local Governance (Without Governance (Without changing intermediate changing intermediate decision-making?)decision-making?)

Benefiting from Equal Benefiting from Equal innovation (Without innovation (Without clarifying the role of clarifying the role of experimental experimental programmes and programmes and projects?)projects?)

Urgent Action is NeededUrgent Action is Needed