INCORPORATION OF RENEWABLE MATERIALS IN AFRICAN
CONTEMPORARAY DESIGN OF CONVENT GARDEN HOUSE
By Mutui Dorcas Mutheu
B05/29190/2009
Supervisor: Dr. Walter Onyango
Assisted by Mr. Michael Munene
Project paper submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Bachelor of Arts in Design degree
submitted to the School of Arts and Design, University Of Nairobi
8th February 2013
2
DECLARATION
I Mutui Dorcas Mutheu declare that this project paper is my original work and has not been presented for the award of any
degree in any other university.
Signed.......................................... Date................................................
MUTUI DORCAS MUTHEU
This project paper is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Art in Design degree submitted to
the School of the Arts and Design, University Of Nairobi.
Supervisor
DR. WALTER ONYANGO
Signature..................................................
Date........................................................
Year Master
MR. MURIITHI KINYUA
Signature..................................................
Date.......................................................
3
DEDICATION
To my parents the late Mr. and Mrs. Mboko who raised me up to be hard working and diligent, and to my brothers Samuel
Kyama and Dennis Kilonzo who have supported me in every way possible.
4
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Much appreciation to everyone who supported me and made this project paper possible and thank you for your contributions in
one way or
Another. I would like to thank The Almighty God for giving me peace, strength, concentration and good health to achieve this
success.
I truly appreciate Mr. Abednego Kimuyu for allowing me to carry out this research at his guest house and Jacinta who was
there to offer me any assistance needed.
I wish to thank The assistant Supervisor to this project, Mr. Michael Munene for his assistance and guidance in writing this
research paper. And to my fellow classmates for their assistance and encouragement during this time.
5
ABSTRACT
The Convent Garden House was started in the 2006 and it is a quiet and serene place for people to go and relax away from the
hustle and bustle of the city life. There is a massive rise of guest houses in the city of Nairobi since then. In this day and age
due to the degradation of the environment there is global warming. People are turning to green and sustainable solutions as a
way of living to preserve the earth. Designers have a mandate to also come up with sustainable solutions to solve the design
problems that arise.
This study seeks to tackle the topic of renewable materials as a way of designing sustainable environments for people to live in
and at the same time create a beautiful theme of African Contemporary Design in Convent Garden House. Renewable is any
material or energy that can be replenished in full without loss or degradation in quality. Renewable materials hold
environmental appeal in that they are able to replenish themselves readily as needed.
6
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
1.1 Background of the study ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 Profile of Covent Garden house ........................................................................................................................................................ 10
1.3Statement of the problem ................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4 Objectives of the study ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.1 Main objective ............................................................................................................................................................................... 10
1.4.2 Specific objectives ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.5 Research questions ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11
1.6 Significance of the study ................................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.7 Limitations of the study .................................................................................................................................................................... 12
1.8 Scope of the study ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.9 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Definition of terms ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.2 Principles of renewable materials ..................................................................................................................................................... 15
2.3 Types of Renewable materials .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.4 African Contemporary Design .......................................................................................................................................................... 26
7
2.5 Design Process .................................................................................................................................................................................. 27
CHAPTER 3 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 30
3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 30
3.2 Sources of data .................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
3.3 Research design ................................................................................................................................................................................ 30
3.4 Population and sample ...................................................................................................................................................................... 31
3.5 Data collection Instruments .............................................................................................................................................................. 31
3.6 Data analysis ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
3.7 Data Presentation methods ................................................................................................................................................................ 33
3.8 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 33
CHAPTER 4 ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.0 SITE ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS ........................................................................... 35
4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.2 Analysis (Pictorial and theoretical) ................................................................................................................................................... 35
4.3 Presentations of findings (As per the research objectives) ............................................................................................................... 51
4.4 Summary of data analysis and findings ............................................................................................................................................ 56
CHAPTER 5: ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................... 57
5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
5.2 Summary of Findings ........................................................................................................................................................................ 58
5.4 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................................. 58
5.5 Suggested areas for further research ................................................................................................................................................. 61
8
REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 62
APPENDIX 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
APPENDIX 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
9
CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study “Good design combines usefulness with at least one of the following: beauty, comfort, efficiency, economy or durability.”
Michael,Maurer, Principal, The Gettys Group, Chicago
Design is a problem solving activity that requires the precise definition of the problem from the start. Interior Design is
a group of various yet related projects that involve turning an interior space into an "effective setting for the range of human
activities" that are to take place there.
Guest houses serve as a form of lodging for visitors and they are much cheaper than hotels and they offer a home
feeling to the experience. Most guest houses are just bed and breakfast but other meals can be offered on request. Guest houses
are in plenty in Nairobi, Kenya. There is an increase of guest houses in Nairobi, people are converting their homes into guest
houses once their children have moved out and the owners have retired from their day jobs. These guest houses are for tourists
visiting Kenya or even for locals who just want to take a vacation here in the city, although that is rare. Some of these guest
houses have conference centers and restaurants that the local people would prefer to come to.
In Nairobi, the interior design for most of these guest houses is African themed. For example the Gracia Gardens in
lavington, have African paintings of Maasai and Maasai artifacts all over the premises. The fabrics used in bedding in the
bedrooms and curtain have African prints or animal prints associated with the Kenyan wildlife. But all the guest houses
maintain an atmosphere of a home in their premises.
10
Renewability can be applied to all aspects of the interior design of a guest house, from the furniture of the guest house,
to the finishes of the interior and exterior, to flooring and lighting and even to the landscape around the guest house. All this
create the ambience required in any guest house. Built environments and the building sector is the area which uses an
important amount of construction materials that are produced by world resources. Renewable materials hold environmental
appeal in that they are able to replenish themselves readily as needed. When it comes to asking whether to use renewable
materials, first ask how quickly the material is renewable. Then confirm the material lasts longer in application than it takes to
replace the amount used.
1.2 Profile of Covent Garden house Convent Garden house is located in Nairobi Kenya, along convent road off James Gichuru road. It is a guest house
ideally situated to meet the needs of business and leisure travelers. The environment around it is peaceful and quiet. They offer
accommodation, conference facilities and a restaurant for business lunches, family and romantic dinners. The grounds can also
be hired for different occasions like get together, parties, and outdoor training programs among others.
1.3Statement of the problem Renewable design has not been applied in the design of Convent Garden House. There are no renewable materials that
have been used in the furniture design, landscaping and human development, interior design and exhibition and display of the
guest house. Renewability has not been considered in this design.
1.4 Objectives of the study
1.4.1 Main objective To investigate ways in which renewable materials and African contemporary design can be incorporated in to the
design of Convent Garden House and propose ways in which Renewable materials and African contemporary design can be
incorporated in the design of Convent Garden House.
11
1.4.2 Specific objectives i. To establish different types of renewable materials available in Kenya.
ii. To determine how Renewable materials have currently been used in the interior design, furniture design, Landscaping
and exhibition and display of Convent Garden House.
iii. To propose ways in which renewable materials and African contemporary design can be incorporated in the design of
Convent Garden House.
1.5 Research questions
1.5.1 Main research question How can renewable materials be incorporated in African contemporary design of the guest house through Interior
architecture, furniture design, landscape design and exhibition and display?
1.5.2 Other research questions i. What are the different types of renewable materials available in Nairobi?
ii. How can renewable materials be incorporated in the Interior architecture of the guest house?
iii. How can renewable materials be incorporated in the landscape design of the guest house?
iv. How can renewable materials be incorporated in the exhibition and display of the guest house?
v. How can renewable materials be incorporated in the furniture design of the guest house?
1.6 Significance of the study The use of renewable materials in design is vital in this day and age as it seeks to preserve the environment from
degradation. This study seeks to propose ways in which renewable materials can be incorporated in the designing of the guest
house and also propose ways of application of African contemporary design in Convent Garden House. If more designers
choose to use renewable materials for their designs this will make Kenya and the world at large a better place to live in.
12
1.7 Limitations of the study Time is a limitation because of the amount of research required for this study. The study is also limited to secondary
sources of information.
1.8 Scope of the study
1.8.1 Concept The study will focus mainly on incorporation of renewable materials in sustainable design in tourist guest house in
reference to interior architecture, Landscaping and human development, exhibition and display and furniture design.
1.8.2 Content The study will rely on primary and secondary information. All ideas, materials and data will be applied in the redesign
of Convent garden house.
1.8.3 Geographical The research will be based in Nairobi, Kenya while its case study will be the Convent Garden House, convent drive, off
James Gichuru road.
13
1.9 Theoretical Framework
Figure 1.1
Independent variable Dependent Variable
Renewable materials in
Interior Design
Renewable materials in
Landscaping African Contemporary
Design Convent Garden
Renewable materials in House
Furniture Design
Renewable materials in
Exhibition & display Source: Author 2012
14
Definition of terms
For the purpose of this research the definition of terms below have been used in the context defined below.
Interior Design: it is a group of various yet related projects that involve turning an interior space into an "effective setting for
the range of human activities" that are to take place there.
Renewable: is any material or energy that can be replenished in full without loss or degradation in quality.
Guest house: a small hotel or private home where people can pay to spend the night.
African Contemporary design: It is the design of a space using contemporary design principles and implementing African
design elements
15
CHAPTER 2
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction Renewable is any material or energy that can be replenished in full without loss or degradation in quality. In this paper
the researcher discusses renewable materials as an aspect of sustainability that can be used in interior design. Most renewable
resources are from natural resources, from our natural environment. (Weiss, 1962) In 1962, within a report to the committee on
natural resources which was forwarded to the President of the United States, Paul Weiss defined Renewable Resources as:
"The total range of living organisms providing man with food, fibers, drugs, etc..." Renewability is an aspect of sustainability.
(Ruff C., Oslon M., 2009), indicates that, “Good design and sustainable design are one and the same, synonymous with each
other. Integrating sustainable design principle and practices is creative and rewarding thus opening doors to lots of possibilities
for personal expression and personal growth for the designer, the client, and the project team.
2.2 Principles of renewable materials As Norman Foster mentioned, sustainability is the achievement of the “maximum” by using the minimum rate of
resources. But sustainability should first of all comprise the equality; sharing and it should also construct the balance between
the natural environment and the artificial configurations. The principles of sustainability in short are to build small, make
spaces efficient, use recycled or recyclable materials, recycle and compost all waste, build recycling centers in facilities, use
renewable resources, create safe healthy living environments, easy operated, durable and easily maintained. Renewable
resources are one way of ensuring sustainability in a design is met. (7 group and Bill G. Reed, 2009) This means resources like
the materials used and the energy used over all. The principles that govern renewability of materials include:
16
Durability of the material, It is important for the material to be durable. Thus the need of changing it too often does
not arise. This ensures that it is renewable by the time it needs to be changed. The life span must be long and withstand
pressure and other physical contact.
Maintenance that is required for the material, The materials should require little energy to maintain it. Their
maintenance has low impact. This is part of sustainability, the use of little energy. The material should be hard wearing so that
it will not require frequent or often maintenance to keep it looking good all the time.
Safety of the materials to the human beings, The materials that are to be used in the interior of a house or a building
should be safe for humans to interact with. All things pertaining to the finishes of a building should be natural where possible
and no harmful chemicals should be used on the materials as this is dangerous to the human population and is not sustainable
at all.
Can it be replenished in full? For a material to be renewable it should be able to be replenished. This means the
material can be acquired again from the place it was acquired from before. This ensures that the environment is not being
affected or being degraded.
Locally manufactured or acquired, The materials should be locally available to reduce the significant environmental
impacts of the energy needed to transport the materials long distances. This also supports the local economy and connects users
with the impact of their choices.
Low impact materials or products are often derived from natural sources such as wood, agricultural or non-
agricultural products and mineral products such as stone and slate shingles. They are subject to minimal processing, are most
often selected for their inherent strength and beauty and use less energy to be manufactured into a useable product. Because of
17
their source they are likely to out gas chemicals and VOCs during manufacture or when they are eventually disposed off.
(Associates III, Kari Foster, Anne Stolmack, Debbie Hindman, 2009)
2.3 Types of Renewable materials
Bamboo is a sturdy, self-sustaining plant that grows in a wide variety of climates. Bamboo is a member of the grass
family. The primary source of bamboo is Asia, though it can be found growing in many climates and regions. Bamboo has
been used for centuries as raw material for a variety of products. The Chinese use bamboo to treat infections. Bamboo has been
used to make household items, weapons and torture devices, as a weaving material, and as a key ingredient in Asian cooking.
(builddirect)
In the hands of skilled furniture makers, processed bamboo poles quickly become beautiful pieces of furniture. Bamboo
is used to make CD/DVD storage racks, bookcases, beds, patio furniture and just about any other kind of furniture you can
imagine. Bamboo poles are cut and glued together for reinforcement, then pieced together to form the furniture. Sometimes the
bamboo furniture is adorned with hemp or rope not only for aesthetic reasons but also for strength. Bamboo comes in a variety
of natural shades that range from dark, earthy tones to warm, golden tones, but properly cured bamboo holds stain well,
allowing furniture makers to offer bamboo in almost any color while still retaining the natural beauty of the bamboo. (eHow)
18
Figure 2.3.1: Bamboo furniture
Source: http://design-for-impact-inclusivedesign2012.blogspot.com
Historically, Kenya’s bamboo natural habitat has been in the cold areas around Mount Kenya, the Aberdares and
Mount Elgon. However, there are new species being introduced that can survive in tropical or arid climates such as Kibwezi,
Maseno, Homa Bay, Migori and parts of Coast. Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI) has been running bamboo
conservation and livelihood forums around Kenya since 2006. Bamboo processing machines worth over 20 million shillings
were commissioned at the Kenya Forestry Research stations in Karura and Londiani. The machines are being used to train
artisans in bamboo processing and product formulation. (Forestryandwildlife)
Bamboo has its pros and cons. Bamboo is the fastest-growing plant in the world, so harvesting it has almost no negative
impact on our environment, making it ideal as a raw material. Another benefit of bamboo furniture is its lightweight properties
19
combined with its durability. The downside of bamboo furniture is its high price. Some of it pros are it reduce consumption of
non-renewable resources and reduce waste when produced from agricultural waste. It can have higher perceived value and
long term prices may be more stable than oil based products. (greenliving)
Bamboo wood floors are available in two different cuts, vertical and horizontal. The terms "vertical" and "horizontal"
refer to the manner in which bamboo strips are laminated together to make bamboo wood floors. A natural bamboo stalk is
hollow along with fairly thin walls. After the harvest, the bamboo is cut lengthwise into strips or 'fillets' which are curved
being a part of round stalk. The strips are milled along their outer edges to make a flat strip for traditional bamboo flooring.
These bamboo strips are than boiled, dried and laminated or glued together to make the floor planks into either of the two
styles. (espdesign)
In the vertical style, a number of strips are turned on their sides and glued together in long and slender rows, with their
narrow edges (the thickness of the bamboo stalk) facing up. This creates an attractive pattern of bamboo wood floors, with
edge grain and thin lines between the laminated strips. In the horizontal style, the bamboo strips are glued together along their
narrow edges so their wider surfaces face up. In this style, the strips are also laminated in three layers so the thickness is
similar to that of the vertical style. The three-layered approach, with the wider flat surface of the bamboo strip showing on top,
is called the horizontal style. Also, as the strips are laid flat, the natural growth rings, or "knuckles" of the bamboo stalk show
on the top surface of bamboo wood floors. (builddirect)
20
Figure 2.3.2: Bamboo vertical flooring
Source: http://bamboowoodflooring-1.en.made-in-china.com
To ensure their structural bonding, both these styles of bamboo wood floors receive a final pressing after lamination.
Later, they proceed for the last steps of milling and finishing. The horizontal and vertical-style bamboo wood floors are
available in natural blonde or carbonized colouring, and both are admired for their distinctive and naturally attractive features.
Bamboo wood flooring can be installed in almost any room, above or below the ground, over wood, OSB (Oriented
Strand Board), and existing vinyl flooring. Bamboo wood flooring does not dent, scratch or wear as quickly and easily as many
varieties of hardwood flooring. As a floor, it can become a part of any place that receives maximum public foot traffic like
corridors and living rooms in homes. Bamboo wood flooring also serves in offices, schools, studios, hotel lobbies, auditoriums,
conference halls and restaurants. Bamboo wood is naturally moisture resistant to some extent due to its tropical nature. Also,
part of its manufacturing process includes lamination which increases it's resistance to moisture. There are several locations
that are not recommended for bamboo flooring. Bamboo wood flooring is not suitable in areas prone to excessive wetness such
21
as bathrooms, washrooms, saunas, enclosed porches or verandas, or anywhere that may require wet-mopping or be exposed to
other forms of wetness. Extended exposure to moisture can cause a bamboo wood flooring to warp, bend or swell. (espdesign)
Water hyacinth is a free-floating perennial aquatic plant (or hydrophyte) with broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves; water
hyacinth may rise above the surface of the water as much as 1 meter in height. The leaves are 10–20 cm across, and float above
the water surface. They have long, spongy and bulbous stalks. The feathery, freely hanging roots are purple-black. An erect
stalk supports a single spike of 8-15 conspicuously attractive flowers, mostly lavender to pink in color with six petals. It is an
invasive plant that can spread fast and furious if not controlled. It floats on the water surface and can completely cover it in a
short while. (Calvert, 2002)
Figure 2.3.3: Water hyacinth in Lake Victoria
Source: http://theburningsplint.blogspot.com
22
It is a subject of heated debate in recent times as it hampered fishing activities in Lake Victoria. The Lake Victoria
region was highly affected and harvesting is done by groups and individuals who have been trained to harness the ‘nuisance’
plant into profit making projects. The Nairobi Dam was also affected and the upside is that it provided an opportunity for the
nearby Kibera community to learn a new trade and make profit. There are organized groups that harvest this plant and make
beautiful furniture from it including CD racks, corner cabinets, bedroom closets, beds, coffee tables among others.
(pambaboma)
Artists discovered the beauty of the water hyacinth fiber and soon there was water hyacinth furniture and all manner of
artifacts made from hyacinth fiber. Original this style of furniture is thought to be best suited as patio or garden furniture but
with a little more creativity one can use it in a bedroom and living room too. This fiber is environmentally safe in many ways
since it is natural and also it helps to keep the water bodies clear. (pambaboma)
Figure 2.3.4: Water hyacinth Furniture
Source: www.Balifurnish.com
23
Wood is one of the main renewable resources. Many countries now have policies that clearly state how the supply of
wood and timber is to be managed. This is to help protect the remaining areas of forest from the ravages of industry and
deforestation. Trees play an important part in the environment and it is important that levels of trees and other plantations are
maintained. Other ways that we can help to preserve and manage our use of wood and paper products is to recycle paper where
ever possible. This both reduces the call on virgin materials and also reduces the amount of waste that goes into landfills.
(examiner)
Linoleum has regained popularity recently due in part to its use of rapidly renewable materials. Linseed oil, wood
flour, pine rosin, and other natural ingredients are heated and flattened and used as a flooring material. Linoleum flooring is
highly durable and can be maintained with non-toxic cleaning products. Since it is made from renewable materials it is
amenable to being recycled. Upon demolition or reflooring the linoleum can be composted. (examiner)
Figure 2.3.5: Linoleum flooring
Source: http://www.bolderfloorsandmore.com
24
Wool is a rapidly renewable material since a sheep can be shorn about every two years with no harm to the animal. It
is usually used for furniture or carpeting in buildings. (examiner) Sheep are found in many areas in Kenya and even Nairobi.
Figure 2.3.6: wool carpet
Source: http://garvinternational.com
25
Renewable materials for Interior Finishes
Considering the building volume and size and the amount of users, interior finish materials have a great importance in
the role they play in renewable design of a building or a house.
Interior Floor Finishes: Floors are important design surfaces of the buildings. With the texture, pattern, color and the
design; floors give messages to the occupants of the building. The designers would consider not only aesthetic considerations
but also functional, financial and environmental-friendly considerations as well, while deciding the floor covering. The finishes
should be available in order to ensure that appropriate activities can be carried out and cleaning can be made progressively.
Carpet floor coverings can be nailed or glued to an underlay made from hessian, jute or natural latex. Low Volatile Organic
Compound (VOC), water based and formaldehyde free glues are also available. Natural fiber carpet made with natural latex
rather than styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex backing can also be used. Natural or recycled-content carpet pads made from
textile, carpet, carpet cushion, or tire waste (including rebound) are another alternative. (Gissen, 2003)
Interior wall finishes: The walls occupy the major portion of the visual field in interior spaces. As the walls cover the
largest proportion of the eye level, it attracts more attention and has the greatest significance. Most natural paints can be
applied in exactly the same way as synthetic paints. Paint; oil based emulsion, wood and vegetable based resin paints and
casein paints are made from renewable energy. Casein paints; clay paints and lime wash are non-toxic when compared to
synthetic products. Natural paints have a low embodied energy. Synthetic paint ingredients are electrically charged and use
plastic so they attract dust and bacteria, producing less healthy environments. It is better to use water based acrylic paint or
natural paint for interior woodwork. (Gissen, 2003)
26
2.4 African Contemporary Design Contemporary design is a focus on detail requiring dramatic use of materials, execution of clean lines and creative use
of both color and texture while retaining interiors that remain inviting, comfortable and without clutter. It is the opposite of
traditional interior design with its ornate, antique furniture and detailed embellishments. The term "contemporary" in reference
to interior design and furniture began in the middle of the 20th century, and has been used since to refer to design trends of the
current day that are based on the original. African contemporary design has the principles of contemporary design but the
execution is different in terms of color and patterns which will be influenced by Africa and its cultures. (Wisegeek)
Figure 2.3.7: African Contemporary Interior design
Source: http://www.onenigerianboy.com
27
Some of the hallmarks of contemporary interior design include lots of chrome metallic accents and liberal use of glass
or mirrors as a way to visually "open up" small spaces. For upholstered furniture, wool, linen, jute, and other fabrics with lots
of texture seem to be the most popular choice. Floors are usually bare wood, tile, or vinyl, although many people do choose to
incorporate bold geometric patterned rugs into their design scheme to provide a bit of warmth and sound control. (ehow)
As far as color palettes go, the classic contemporary look relies heavily on black, white, and natural colors. However, it
is common to accent a room with a few bold touches. For example, a white sofa may feature scarlet pillows or a black kitchen
table may be accented with place mats in a lime green. Contemporary design will continue to evolve as the decades pass, and
will change to reflect changes in society and culture. (examiner)
2.5 Design Process “Design is a series of decisions that result in a series of consequences, good or bad. Good design results from making
informed decisions from a knowledge base, realizing that each choice we make has a real and lasting impact on the lives of the
people we serve, our community, and the world at large. It could even be said that, as creators of environments, we are on a
divine assignment. What an awesome responsibility!”Vicki VanStavern, IIDA, LEED AP, President, VanStavern Design
Group Inc.
2.5.1 Overview In interior design, a sequential process of concepts, programming, developing, implementing and evaluating forms an
underlying structure (Clive 2011). The design process is a linear sequence of events that has a start point and an end point.
2.5.2 Design process stages The design process comprises of five distinct stages although the stages may vary from one project to another. The first
stage in the design process is research, strategies or feasibility. This could include a written brief, background material,
28
studying existing designs, legal issues plus any new research necessary for the project. Many questions should be asked at this
stage so as to understand the project properly. The information is analyzed and an initial proposal developed that reflects the
designers understanding of the project that cover the objectives, feasibility, budget forecast and general direction.
The second stage in the design process is the design concepts. A design concept is an idea for a design. At this stage the
designer comes up with the ideas to solve the problems arising and the creative process is given free reign within all the
constraints established in the first stage. Some of the concepts work some do not work. Three main working concepts can be
done and one main concept that tackles the problems is selected.
The third stage of the process is detailed design development. The selected concept is worked up with all details
implemented. Variations may be developed as well as further mock-ups. The important point to bear in mind is that this is an
organic process and details can be changed if necessary. A detailed specification of the design for production planning and
final costing would also be created at this point. A detailed specification of the design for production planning and final costing
would also be created at this point.
Implementation is the fourth stage. Once the third step is approved the design is ready to be implemented. At this stage
the design is practical and implemented to the interior space. The designer’s next stage is to supervise the implementation so
that nothing is left out and the quality of the design is maintained. (promodesign)
29
Conclusion Built environments and the building sector is the area which uses an important amount of construction materials that
are produced by world resources. Renewable materials hold environmental appeal in that they are able to replenish themselves
readily as needed. When it comes to asking whether to use renewable materials, first ask how quickly the material is
renewable. Then confirm the material lasts longer in application than it takes to replace the amount used. As John Porritt says,
“If something is Sustainable, it means we can go on doing it indefinitely. If it isn’t we can’t.” (7 group and Bill G. Reed, 2009)
There is not much literature on African contemporary and the researcher will be adding more to the knowledge acquired.
30
CHAPTER 3
3.0 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Overview
Convent garden house receives many guests every year. There is no use of renewable materials in the design of this
guest house. The purpose of this research is to investigate ways in which renewable materials can be used in African
Contemporary design of Convent Garden House design and to propose ways in which renewable materials can be incorporated
in the African contemporary design of this guest house. Data was collected from 3 different sources; Primary, Secondary and
tertiary sources. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected. Secondary data was collected from the review of
literature from different publications on the area of study. Primary data was collected from the sample population through
interviews and questionnaires.
3.2 Sources of data
There are three sources of data mainly used. These include primary sources, secondary sources and tertiary sources.
Primary sources are questionnaires, observation and interviews. Secondary sources are research papers, books and e-books.
Tertiary sources are internet researches.
3.3 Research design
A case study of convent garden house was carried out. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected so as to
overcome the limitations of both approaches. Quantitative data was mainly numerical findings collected while qualitative data
was mainly from personal accounts, individual insights of the interviewees, observations and descriptions. There are a large
number of populations that varies at different times of the year and it varies from time to time.
31
3.4 Population and sample
The population at convent garden house is large thus sampling method was useful in this case study. Sampling enabled
the researcher to cut down the population of 100 people per week and selected 50 people to carry out the research on. Random
sampling was effective and appropriate in this case ensuring that the sample is balanced in terms of gender and age. The
research was carried out on a sample of 50 people which consisted of 18 staff members, 30 guests and 2 management
personnel. The table below shows the distribution of the sample.
Table 3.4.1: Target Population
Sample Population
Category
Frequency Percentage
Staff 18 36
Guest 30 60
Management 2 4
Total 50 100
Source: Author 2012
3.5 Data collection Instruments
The methods of data collection included observation, questionnaires and interviewing for primary sources. The
instruments that were used to carry out the data collection were close ended and open ended questionnaires, Observation guide,
interview guide and a camera to take photos.
32
a. Questionnaires
A questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts for the purpose of
gathering information from respondents. The questionnaire had open ended and closed ended questions so as to make it easier
for the respondents to fill the questionnaires and also get honest answers. A sample of the questionnaire is Appendix 1.
b. Observation
The researcher made a visit to the site and observed the activities that went on around the Guest House without
interfering with the activities that were carried out in the guest house. From this the researcher established the variety of people
who visit the Guest house. A camera was used to take photos of the place also.
c. Interview
Interviews were conducted on a certain number of the sample which included of Staff members, Guests and the
management personnel. From the interviews, the researcher was able to get in- depth information and the views of the
interviewees on the general interior design of Convent Garden House.
3.6 Data analysis
The methods that were used to analyze data are tabulation, comparative analysis, and semiotics. Tabulation will be used
to add up the number of ratings, ranking, yes’s and no’s for the questions. Comparative analysis will be applied to the data to
see if there is any relationship in answers from the different groups of the sample. Semiotic analysis will be applied in data
from observation.
33
3.7 Data Presentation methods
Most of the data will be presented in narrative, describing ways in which renewable materials can be used in African
Contemporary design.
3.7.1 Photography
Photographs are presented and complemented with commentaries describing the photograph. There are several
elements of the Guest house that cannot just be explained but the photographs also capture the unexplainable aspects. The
photographs also capture the things that were observed by the Researcher as she was observing the activities taking place in the
guest house.
3.7.2 Tables
The data that was collected from structured questionnaires are presented in tables and charts. This is because the
structured questions were used to collect information from the respondents filling the questionnaires. The data that is tabulated
in this tables and charts is explained with narrations to show their relevance to the research.
3.7.3 Narration
Notes that were taken during observation and interviews were analyzed and presented in a narrative. These notes were
put into clusters and groups under the different headings according to the research objectives.
3.8 Conclusion
The adopted methodology for this research was mainly qualitative and some data was presented in quantitative data for
clarifying data acquired from the interviews and questionnaires. Data collection tools that were used are Questionnaires,
34
Interview guides, non participatory observation, note books and photography. The data collected was analyzed and presented
with photographs, tables and narratives. The photographs and tables and charts have descriptions. The population were the
guests, staff and management personnel of Convent Garden House.
35
CHAPTER 4
4.0 SITE ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction
From research, Convent Garden House has not used any type of renewable material in its interior design. There is no
African contemporary design that has been implemented in the interior design, furniture, landscaping and Exhibition and
display. The Reception or lobby area is wanting, it is small and not much detail was put in the design of its exhibition and
display. The kitchen lack appropriate storage and it is disorganized. The bed rooms do not have the ambience required for a
restful night. The colors and lighting of the bedrooms do not enhance the ambience. Extra ordinary aesthetics is generally
lacking in the Guest house.
4.2 Analysis (Pictorial and theoretical)
4.2.1 Site Location
Convent Garden House is located along Convent road off James Gichuru road in Lavington area in Nairobi, Kenya. It
is served by transport from Nairobi’s Business Centre which is 9kilometers away.
36
Figure 4.2.1.: Google map image of Convent Garden House Location
Source: Convent Garden House website retrieved January 2013
Convent Garden House is a guest house that began in the year 2006. It was named after the road that it is found along.
It was started in a private compound where the founders lived. The Guest house has four main sections Accommodation,
Restaurant, Kitchen and Lounge/ reception.
4.2.2 Interior Design
The general materials used to construct the house are stone, ceramic tiles, metal, glass and wood.
37
The kitchen floor is made of cream ceramic tiles. The walls have ceramic tiles up to a certain level then the rest of the
wall is painted with cream paint. There are steel tables that have been used to store cooking utensils and the top of those tables
are used as work tops. There is only one sink which is not enough for the amount of utensils needed to be washed daily. No
proper area for washing and drying utensils has been allocated. The gas cylinder is placed in the open which can be dangerous
and is also unsightly in the kitchen. The cabinets in the kitchen are quite old and the paint is peeling in the lower cabinets
under the sink. There is a main cabinet for the dining utensils but at the bottom of it there are potatoes stored there also. There
is no enough storage to keep the two in different areas. The room used for the pantry is congested with irrelevant newspapers
and if it is well organized it can be enough space to store food and utensils. The freezers have been put in this area. The
Kitchen lacks a smoke sucker above the stove, without this the ceiling becomes black because of soot.
Figure 4.2.2: Kitchen work space
Source: Author 2012
38
Figure 4.2.3: Kitchen cooking area
Source: Author 2012
39
Figure 4.2.4: Kitchen Utensil Cabinet
Source: Author 2012
40
Figure 4.2.5: Kitchen Pantry
Source: Author 2012
The main entrance to the building has a metal grill door with burglar proof rails, and glass. The flooring in the hall way
is brown ceramic tiles with wood skirting all around.
41
Figure 4.2.6: Main Entrance
Source: Author 2012
42
Figure 4.2.7: Ground floor hallway
Source: Author 2012
The reception is on the first right side of the hallway. There are two couches in the reception; one is made of metal and
leather the other is made of wood and material cover. These two couches are not enough for the amount of guests that come to
the Guest house in a week. In the middle of the reception there is a coffee table made of glass and plastic. The table is used for
keeping Magazines and newspapers for the guests to read as they wait to be checked in. The reception desk is made of Medium
Density Fiberboard (MDF) and it has a sticker of the Logo of Convent Garden House. The internet hub is also in the reception
and it is hanging open, its wires are hanging and they are unattractive to look at. There is also a sink at the corner of the
reception which just looks misplaced and it is not of great aesthetics. There is a clock, a shadow box and a calendar put on
display on the receptions walls.
43
Figure 4.2.8: Reception/ Lounge
Source: Author 2012
Figure 4.2.9: The front Desk and internet hub
Source: Author 2012
44
Figure 4.2.10: The Guest House Logo stuck on the front Desk
Source: Author 2012
The restaurant is on the opposite side of the reception/ lounge area. There are five tables with a capacity to seat at least
18 guests and two tables on the side for buffet serving. The tables and chairs are made of wood. The general arrangement of
the furniture of the restaurant is well done. The fireplace is at a good place it is off centre and it breaks the symmetry of the
space. Two small works of art are placed on top of the fire place but they don’t do much to the interior design of the restaurant
since they are of a small scale. Drinks have been displayed in the drinks refrigerator. There is a small pantry in the restaurant
that is used to store a few things like water and some soft drinks. There is enough natural light entering the space.
45
Figure 4.2.11: The Restaurant
Source: Author 2012
46
Figure 4.2.12: Drinks Display
Source: Author 2012
Figure 4.2.13: Fire place
Source: Author 2012
47
There are a total of 11 rooms at Convent Garden House. The rooms are in three different categories. There is the Single
room, Double room and the Executive room. Three rooms are on ground floor and the rest are on first floor. All the rooms are
en suite, that is they are fitted with a bathroom and a toilet. The executive rooms have a bathtub and a shower while the others
only have a shower. They each have a television set for in room entertainment. All rooms with the exception of double rooms
have a study table and chair. All the bedroom furniture is made of wood and the flooring is ceramic tiles which are very cold
for a bed room. The executive rooms have one small piece of Kenyan art for aesthetics.
Figure 4.2.14 & 4.2.15: Double room
Source: Author 2012
48
Figure 4.2.16: Bathroom
Source: Author 2012
Figure 4.2.17: Single room
Source: Author 2012
49
Figure 4.2.18: Television set and study desk and chair
Source: Author 2012
Figure 4.2.19: Executive room
Source: Author 2012
50
Figure 4.2.20: Executive room bathroom and toilet
Source: Author 2012
On the original landscape a new Housing unit is being built. There is a small landscape that has been left. The ground
cover is good, the grass is green. There is a bush stalk of sugar cane and banana trees. There is also a tent that has been put up
for shade but it covers almost the whole of the landscape thus if someone wants to busk in the sun there is not enough room for
that. There are few flowers for aesthetics, and the plant scaping is a bit poor.
51
Figure4.2.20 & 4.2.21: The Landscape
Source: Author 2012
4.3 Presentations of findings (As per the research objectives)
4.3.1 Introduction
In carrying out the research the researcher employed various methods of data collection as explained in chapter three.
The researcher used Interviews, Questionnaires, photographs and observation. Findings collected for this research addressing
the problem under investigation are explained in this chapter.
4.3.2 Qu
A
2 manag
Table 4.
Sample CategorStaff Guest Managem
uestionnaire An
A sample popula
gement staff who
.3.2.1
Populary
ment
Samp
nalysis
ation of 50 peop
o were issued w
ation Frequen
18 30 2
ple Populat
ple was selected
with questionnair
ncy
tion For Qu
52
d randomly. This
res.
Percenta
36% 60% 4%
uestionnai
s population con
age
ires
Staff
Guests
Managem
nsisted of 18 sta
Source:
ent
aff members, 30
Author 2013
0 guests and
53
4.3.3 Interview Analysis
Interviews were carried out on 15 people from the sample population that was 8 staff members, 5 guests and 2
management personnel. It was challenging to get more guests to interview as most of them did not have the time to sit and talk
with the researcher.
Table 4.3.3.1
Sample Population
Category
Frequency Percentage
Staff 8 53%
Guests 5 33%
Management Personnel 2 14%
4.3.4 Ge
T
used. Th
eneral Guest H
The general gue
hese were the fin
Sam
ouse Analysis
est house enviro
ndings regarding
mple popu
onment was inv
g the general sta
ulation for
54
vestigated in rel
ate of the guest h
Interviews
ation to the hum
house.
s
Staff
Guests
Managem
Source: A
man interaction
ent
Author 2013
n, hospitality annd materials
55
Table 4.3.4.1: State of the Guest House Analysis
Condition Good Average Poor Total
Aesthetics 10 30 10 50
Ceiling 2 35 13 50
Floors 30 20 0 50
Walls 2 20 28 50
Lighting 5 38 7 50
Colors 0 10 35 50
General Landscape 26 20 4 50
Total 75 173 97 300
The Bar graph comparative state of Convent Garden House 12 of the people who were interviewed said that the Guest
House Averagely designed nothing stood out of the norm; the walls are one color throughout the whole guest. However 3
people said that the guest house is well designed.
56
Bar Graph Representation
4.4 Summary of data analysis and findings
From the findings, the researcher discovers that the Guest house has a lot of room for incorporation of renewable
materials and that no theme was applied in the initial designing of the interior and landscape, thus there is room for
improvement and application of African Contemporary Design.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Aesthetics Ceiling Floors Walls Lighting Colors General Landscape
Ord
inal
Val
ue
General Guest House State
Good
Average
Poor
57
CHAPTER 5:
5.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction The need to upgrade Convent Garden House has been expressed by the guests, staff and the administration personnel.
They expect the guest house to improve in its interior design. The current general interior design of the guest house is quite
ordinary and they want it to be improved to be outstanding and to create an ambience that is conducive for the staff to enjoy
working there and the guest will enjoy themselves and relax. There is no general theme for the guest house that ties and unifies
the different elements of the guest house: the rooms, restaurant and lounge/ reception.
A guest house is a hospitality unit and its design should cater for the needs of the end user who are the guests to the
guest house. This is what drove the researcher to pick this as the study area and this particular guest house (Convent Garden
House). In the initial chapters the researcher highlighted and discussed the aims and objectives of the study emanating from the
problem statement. The paper sought out to examine renewable materials that can lead to a sustainable and eco friendly guest
house and to find ways in which they can be incorporated in the African contemporary design of Convent Garden House.
This chapter sets out to conclude and make recommendations for the study from the data collected from interviews,
questionnaires and observations documented in chapter four. This study attempted to shed some light in the need of use of
sustainable material like renewable materials in the designing of the study site, Convent Garden House. The aim of this study
was to also find out what the guests and staff felt about the interior design, ambience and atmosphere of the guest house. The
study site had some problems that showed the overall areas that need to be addressed to achieve a sustainable African
contemporary design of the guest house.
58
5.2 Summary of Findings
According to the research questions the findings are as follows. There are renewable materials available in Kenya such
as bamboo and water hyacinth. Renewable materials can be incorporated in the Interior architecture of the guest house through
flooring, in Furniture by making furniture using renewable materials. In landscaping and exhibition and display renewable
materials cannot be easily incorporated but the planting of bamboo can provide good shade in the landscape.
5.3 Conclusions
In this day and age designers should be thinking of sustainable solution for their design problems. Renewable materials
are readily available in this country Kenya and they should be used to create beautiful interior and take care of the environment
at the same time. With this understanding design becomes eco friendly. Materials knowledge not only includes the products
themselves, but also an understanding of the source and ecological soundness of the material, cost and the method of
installation and maintenance. The environmental credentials of a material are as important as issues of aesthetics and price.
(Edwards, 2011)
In the designing of a space that is used for hospitality the ambience created is very essential in determining whether the
guests will keep coming back to enjoy themselves. An African Contemporary design can be incorporated to create a homely
ambience that is inviting to guests and enjoyed for the staff to work in.
5.4 Recommendations
5.4.1 Interior Architecture & Human Development
The interior architecture of the guest house should be improved. The reception/ lobby area should be bigger than it is so
that it can accommodate more guests once they come to check in and wait for accommodation. More seats should be added so
as to achieve the same. The renewable materials should be used in the interior finishes of the guest house. Bamboo flooring is
ideal for the flooring in the hallways and heavy traffic areas. Linoleum is also another option for the flooring as it is durable
59
and long lasting and the new type of linoleum is easy to maintain. The lighting fixtures should be improved to provide enough
light at night and also to improve the aesthetics of the different rooms. A grand chandelier can be placed at the main entrance
to attract attention.
5.4.2 Furniture
The different furniture used in the different spaces need to be diversified and unique pieces should be installed based on
the theme of African contemporary design. The materials used to make the furniture should be renewable. Water Hyacinth
furniture is suitable for relaxing couches in the reception and the executive rooms.
5.4.3 Landscaping
The landscape of Convent Garden House Should be utilized well since it is quite small. The landscape should be
increased to the front entrance so that there is enough space for relaxing and outdoor activities a suitable play ground for
children who visit the study site can use. The banana and sugar cane plants should be removed from the centre of the
landscape. More flowers should be planted to improve the aesthetics of the landscape and make it more beautiful and
attractive. Outdoor garden furniture made of renewable materials like bamboo should be installed for sitting and relaxing
outside or having lunch outside. Indoor landscaping should be done, a few pots of potted indoor plants should be put at the
reception, rooms and hallways..
5.4.4 Exhibition and Display
The exhibition and display of the guest house is very wanting. More African paintings and artifacts should be put on
display on focal walls to draw attention and increase aesthetics and to bring out the theme of African contemporary design.
Accent light should be installed to illuminate the paintings and different artifacts. The signage showing direction should be
made larger for easy visibility. Larger Signage will ensure the guest can get enough information to where they are going or
60
what they need or need not to do. Outdoor signage should have lighting so that they are visible even at night. A notice board
for events and advertisement should be put up. It should be made of renewable materials.
Figure 5.4.4.1: Current signage
Source: Author 2012
61
Figure 5.4.4.2: Suggested contemporary signage with lighting
Source: www.de_signage.com
5.5 Suggested areas for further research
• Other renewable materials available in Kenya
• African Contemporary design Principles
62
REFERENCES
7 group and Bill G. Reed. (2009). The Intergrative Design Guide to Green Building, redefiningnthe Practice of sustainability. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & sons Inc.
Associates III, Kari Foster, Anne Stolmack, Debbie Hindman. (2009). Sustainable Residential Interiors. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Brown B. C. (2005). Theory and Practice of Integral Sustainability. Journal of Integral Theory and Practice, Developement .
Build Direct. (n.d.). Retrieved January 17, 2013, from www.builddirect.com
Calvert, P. (2002). Water Hyacinth Control and Other Uses. Practical Action.
Chapman, J. (2007). Designers Visionaries and Other stories: A collection of Sustainable Design Esays. Trowbridge: Cromwell Press.
Edwards, C. (2011). Interior design: A Critcal Introduction. New York: Berg.
Gissen, D. (2003). Big and Green Towards Sustainable Architecture in The 21st Century. Princeton Architectural Press.
Lawson, B. (2005). How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified. Oxford: Architectural Press.
Leukos. (2006). Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design.
Moussatche H., Languel J. (2002). Life Cycle Costing of Interior Materials for Florida's Schools. Journal of Interior Design , 37-49.
Pile J. (2003). Interior Design 3rd Edition. Pearson, New Jersey.
Ruff C., Oslon M. (2009). The Attitudes of Interior Gesidn Students Towards Sustainability. Int J Technol Des Educ.
Sheng Sun, Z. F. (2011). Using Renwable materials in Planning Green Building. Zurich: Trans Tech Publications.
63
Vallero D., Brasier C. (2008). Sustainable Design: The Science of Sustainability and Green Engineering. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Weiss, P. (1962). Renewable Resources. Washington D. C.: National Academy of Science.
Wolley T. (2006). Natural Building: A Guide to Materials and Techniqques. Crowood Press.
Working Group For Sustainable Construction. (2004). Working Group For Sustainable Construction Methods and Techniques Final Report. Brussels.
Websites
www.builddirect.com, retrieved on 17/01/2013
www.de_signage.com, retrieved on 1/02/2013
www.ehow.com, retrieved on 20/10/2012
www.espdesign.org, retrieved on 28/01/2013
www.examiner.com, retrieved on 17/01/2013
www.farmbizafrica.com, retrieved on 10/01/2013
www.forestyandwildlife.go.ke, retrieved on 28/01/2013
www.greenliving.lovetoknow.com, retrieved on 29/01/2013
www.iida.org, retrieved on 17/01/2013
64
www.managementhelp.org retrieved on 20/10/2012
www.pambaboma.com, retrieved on 18/01/2013
www.promo-design.co.uk, retrieved on 30/01/2013
www.sustainabilitydictionary.com , retrieved on 20/10/2012
www.techitoutuk.com , retrieved on 21/01/2013
www.wisegeek.com, retrieved on 23/01/2013
65
APPENDIX 1
Questionnaire
The researcher is a final year Bachelor of Arts in Design student at The School of Arts and Design, University of Nairobi.
Kindly assist by filling in the questionnaire. The report will strictly be for academic purposes only.
1. Gender
Male [ ] Female [ ]
2. Position
Guest [ ] Staff [ ]
2. Do you understand what renewable materials are?
Yes [ ] No [ ]
If yes state some of them
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
.……………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Grade the furniture layout (Arrangement)
Good [ ] Average [ ] Bad [ ]
4a. Rate the type of furniture used in the Guest house
Good [ ] Average [ ] Bad [ ]
b. What type of materials is the furniture made of?
Leather [ ] Wood [ ] Metal [ ] Plastic [ ]
5. Define the color scheme of the Guest house
Calm [ ] Bright [ ] Dull [ ]
66
6a. How is the flooring of the place?
Good [ ] Average [ ] Bad [ ]
b. What is the main flooring material that has been used?
Tiles [ ] Linoleum [ ] wood [ ]
7. How would you describe the lighting?
Bright [ ] Good [ ] Dark [ ]
8. Describe the Planting design (landscape)
Interesting [ ] Average [ ] Boring [ ]
9. Grade the plant selection (Plants, trees, flowers)
Good [ ] Average [ ] Poor [ ]
10. Define the Exhibition and Display of the Guest house (Paintings, signage)
Good [ ] Average [ ] Poor [ ]
11. How is the ceiling of the place?
Good [ ] Average [ ] Poor [ ]
12. In your own words describe the general design of the Convent Guest House and what improvements would you like to see.
Rooms
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
67
Reception
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Landscape
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Kitchen
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Thank you for your time
68
APPENDIX 2
Interview Guide
What Kind of ambience is at Convent Garden House?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Describe the walls.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Do you enjoy being at Convent Garden House and why?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
How is the aesthetics of the place?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
69
What Improvements would you like to see at Convent Garden House?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
