INCREDIBLE INDIA1

8/7/2019 INCREDIBLE INDIA1

1/24

1

B.R.C.M. COLLEGE OF

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

A Project Report On:

INCREDIBLE INDIA

Subject:Marketing Management

Prepared by:

Priti D. Bunki 41

Bharti Bansu 08S.Y.B.B.A. (3rd sem)

Submitted to:

Submitted on:

Mr. Pratik Patel 09/09/2010


2/24

2

INDEX

No. Subject Page no.

1. Introduction 4

2. History 5

3. Demographics 7

4. Geographic 9

5. Government 10

5.1 Constitution 10

5.2 President and Prime Minister 11

5.3 Legislature 11

5.4 Judiciary 11

5.5 Administrative divisions 12

5.6 States 12

5.7 Union Territories 12

6. Politics 13

7. Foreign Relations and Military 14

8. Economy 16

9. Culture 18

9.1 People and Lifestyle 18

9.2 Cuisine 19

9.3 Religions 19

9.4 Festivals 20

9.5 Music 20

9.6 Language 21

10. Sports 22

11. Wildlife in India 23

12. Communication 24


3/24

3

13. Bibliography 24

1. INTRODUCTION

India is a country in Asia. Other names for the country are Hindustan, Bharat

and Republic of India. India has more than 1.12 billion (1,120,000,000)

people, which is more than any other country in the world except China. It is

the seventh largest country in the world. India has seven

neighbors, Pakistan in the north-west, China and Nepal in the

north, Bhutan and Bangladesh in the North-east, India region of the country

and Myanmar in the east and Sri Lanka in the south. India is the

largest democracy in the world by population. The capital of India is New

Delhi. India is a peninsula, bound by the Indian Ocean in the south,

the Arabian Sea on the west and Bay of Bengal in the east. The coastline of

India is of about 7,517 kilometers (4,671 mi) long. India has a higher rate of

malnutrition among children under the age of three (46% in year 2007) thanany other country in the world.

Four major religions, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated

here, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam arrived in the first

millennium CE and shaped the region's diverse culture. Gradually annexed

by the British East India Company from the early eighteenth century and

colonized by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century, India

became an independent nation in 1947 after a struggle for

independence that was marked by widespread non-violent resistance.India is a federalconstitutional republic consisting of28 states and seven

union territories with a parliamentary system of democracy. The Indian

economy is the world's eleventh largest economy by nominal GDP and the

fourth largest by purchasing power parity. Economic reforms since

1991 have transformed it into one of the fastest growing economies in the

world; however, it still suffers from poverty, illiteracy, corruption,

disease, and malnutrition. India is a nuclear weapons state and has the third-

largest standing army in the world. India is considered to be a potential

superpower, having a rapidly growing economy and growing political

clout. A pluralistic, multilingual and multiethnic society, India is also home to

a diversity ofwildlife in a variety ofprotected habitats.
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countryhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_names_of_Indiahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billionhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-east_Indiahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmarhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Oceanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastlinehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrenhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-violent_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(real)_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(real)_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutrition_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_troopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_troopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_superpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_superpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Indiahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countryhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_names_of_Indiahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billionhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/North-east_Indiahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmarhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Delhihttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Oceanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastlinehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childrenhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-violent_resistancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(real)_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(real)_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutrition_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_troopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_troopshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_superpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_superpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_areas_of_India


4/24

4

2. HISTORY

Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at the Bhimbetka rockshelters in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces of human life in

India. The first known permanent settlements appeared over 9,000 years ago

and gradually developed into the Indus Valley Civilization, dating back to

3400 BCE in western India. It was followed by the Vedic period, which laid the

foundations ofHinduism and other cultural aspects of early Indian society,

and ended in the 500s BCE. From around 550 BCE, many independent

kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanadas were established across

the country.

In the third century BCE, most of South Asia was united

into the Empire by Chandragupta Maurya and flourished

under Asoka. From the third century CE, the Gupta

dynasty oversaw the period referred to as ancient

"India's Golden Age". Empires in Southern India included

those of the Chalukyas, the Cholas and the Vijayanagara

Empire.

Paintings at the Ajanta Caves in Aurangabad

Maharashtra, sixth century (Figure-1).

Science, technology, engineering, art, logic,

language, literature, mathematics, astronomy, religion and philosophy

flourished under the patronage of these kings. Following invasions from

Central Asia between the 10th and 12th centuries, much of North India came

under the rule of the Delhi Sultanate and later the Mughal Empire. Under the

rule ofAkbar the Great, India enjoyed much cultural and economic progress

as well as religious harmony. Mughal emperors gradually expanded their

empires to cover large parts of the subcontinent. However, in Eastern India,

the dominant power was the Ahom kingdom ofAssam, among the few

kingdoms to have resisted Mughal subjugation. The first major threat to

Mughal imperial power came from a HinduRajput king Maha Rana

Pratap ofMewar in the 16th century and later from a Hindu state known as
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_sheltershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_sheltershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajanapadashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_Mauryahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalukya_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_ancient_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_inventions_and_discoverieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_logichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_literaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_in_the_Indian_subcontinenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_in_the_Indian_subcontinenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Sultanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maha_Rana_Prataphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maha_Rana_Prataphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_sheltershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimbetka_rock_sheltershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Erahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahajanapadashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandragupta_Mauryahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gupta_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalukya_dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chola_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_ancient_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_inventions_and_discoverieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_logichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_literaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_mathematicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_astronomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_religionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_in_the_Indian_subcontinenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_conquest_in_the_Indian_subcontinenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Sultanatehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar_the_Greathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajputhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maha_Rana_Prataphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maha_Rana_Prataphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mewar


5/24

5

the Maratha confederacy, that dominated much of India in the mid-18th

century.

From the 16th century, European powers such as Portugal, the Netherlands,

France, and Great Britain established trading posts and later took advantage

of internal conflicts to establish colonies in the country. By 1856, most of

India was under the control of the British East India Company.

A year later, a nationwide insurrection of rebelling military units and

kingdoms, known as India's First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny,

seriously challenged the Company's control but eventually failed. As a result

of the instability, India was brought under the direct

rule of the British Crown.

Mahatma Gandhi with Jawaharlal Nehru, 1937.

(Figure-2) Nehru goes on to become Indias first prime

minister in 1947.

In the 20th century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched by

the Indian National Congress and other political organizations. Indian leader

Mahatma Gandhi led millions of people in several national campaigns ofnon-

violentcivil disobedience.

On 15 August 1947, India gained independence from British rule, but at the

same time the Muslim-majority areas were partitioned to form a separatestate ofPakistan. On 26 January 1950, India became a republic and a

new constitution came into effect.

Since independence, India has faced challenges from religious violence,

casteism, naxalism, terrorism and regional separatist insurgencies, especially

in Jammu and Kashmirand Northeast India. Since the 1990s terrorist

attacks have affected many Indian cities. India has unresolved territorial

disputes with the People's Republic of China, which, in 1962, escalated into

the Sino-Indian War, and with Pakistan, which resulted in warsin 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. India is a founding member of the United

Nations (as British India) and the Non-Aligned Movement.

In 1974, India conducted an underground nuclear test and five more tests in

1998, making India a nuclear state. Beginning in 1991, significant economic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_confederacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honourable_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahimsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahimsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_disobediencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_India_terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_India_terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kargil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiling_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhran-IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Other_known_nuclear_powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maratha_confederacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honourable_East_India_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_independence_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahimsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahimsahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_disobediencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_India_terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_India_terrorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kargil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiling_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhran-IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons#Other_known_nuclear_powershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization_in_India


6/24

6

reforms have transformed India into one of the fastest-growing economies in

the world, increasing its global clout.

3. DEMOGRAPHICS

With an estimated population of 1.2 billion, India is the world's second most

populous country. The last 50 years have seen a rapid increase in population

due to medical advances and massive increase in agricultural productivity

due to the "green revolution". India's urban population increased 11-fold

during the twentieth century and is increasingly concentrated in large cities.

By 2001 there were 35 million-plus population cities in India, with the largest

cities, with a population of over 10 million each,

being Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata. However, as of 2001, more than 70% of

India's population continues to reside in rural areas.

India is the world's most culturally, linguistically and genetically diverse

geographical entity after the African continent. India is home to two

major linguistic families: Indo-Aryan (spoken by about 74% of the population)

and Dravidian (spoken by about 24%). Other languages spoken in India come

from the Austro-Asiatic and Tibeto-Burman linguistic families. Neither

the Constitution of India, nor any Indian law defines any national language.

Hindi, with the largest number of speakers, is the official language of

the union. English is used extensively in business and administration and has

the status of a 'subsidiary official language;' it is also important in education,

especially as a medium ofhigher education. However, except Hindi no

language is spoken by more than 10% of the population of the country. Inaddition, every state and union territory has its own official languages, and

the constitution also recognizes in particular 21 "scheduled languages".

As per the 2001 census, over 800 million Indians (80.5%) were Hindu. Other

religious groups include Muslims (13.4%), Christians (2.3%), Sikhs (1.9%),

Buddhists (0.8%), Jains (0.4%), Jews, Zoroastrians and Bahais. Tribal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(real)_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine#Modern_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_Indian_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_metropolitan_areas_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_metropolitan_areas_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Asiatic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalization_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(real)_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_medicine#Modern_medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Revolution_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_Indian_citieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_metropolitan_areas_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most_populous_metropolitan_areas_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Asiatic_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism


7/24

7

constitute 8.1% of the population. India has the third-highest Muslim

population in the world and has the highest population of Muslims for a non-

Muslim majority country.

India's literacy rate is 64.8% (53.7% for females and 75.3% for males). The

state ofKerala has the highest literacy rate at 91% while Bihar has the

lowest at 47%. The national human sex ratio is 944 females per 1,000 males.

India's median age is 24.9, and the population growth rate of 1.38% per

annum; there are 22.01 births per 1,000 people per year. According to the

World Health Organization 900,000 Indians die each year from drinking

contaminated water and breathing in polluted air. Malaria is endemic in

India. Half of children in India are underweight, one of the highest rates in

the world and nearly same as Sub-Saharan Africa. Many women are

malnourished, too. There are about 60 physicians per 100,000 people inIndia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_country#Listhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_majority_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_by_country#Listhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Muslim_majority_countrieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sex_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa


8/24

8

4. GEOGRAPHY

India is the seventh largest country in the world. It is the main part of

the Indian subcontinent. The countries next to India

are Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, and Nepal. It is alsonear Sri Lanka, an island country.

India is a peninsula, which means that it is surrounded on three sides by

water. In the west is the Arabian Sea, in the south is the Indian Ocean, and in

the east is the Bay of Bengal. The northern part of India has many

mountains. The most famous mountain range in India is the Himalayas,

which have some of the tallest mountains in the world. There are many rivers

in India. The main rivers are the Ganges, the Brahmaputra, theYamuna, the

Godavari, the Tapti, the Kaveri, the Narmada, and the Krishna.

India's coast is 7,517 kilometers (4,700 mi) long; of this distance,

5,423 kilometers (3,400 mi) belong to peninsular India, and 2,094 kilometers

(1,300 mi) to the Andaman, Nicobar, and Lakshadweep Islands. According to

the Indian naval hydrographic charts, the mainland coast consists of the

following: 43% sandy beaches, 11% rocky coast including cliffs, and

46% mudflats or marshy coast.

India has different climates. In the South, the climate is mainly tropical,

which means it can get very hot in summer and cool in winter. The northernpart, though, has a cooler climate, called sub-tropical and even alpine in

mountainous regions. The Himalayas, in the alpine climate region, can get

extremely cold. There is very heavy rainfall along the west coast and in the

Eastern Himalayan foothills. The west, though, is drier. Because of some of

the deserts of India, all of India gets rain for four months of the year. That
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinenthttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmarhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsulahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Oceanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeshttp://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmaputra&action=edit&redlink=1http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflathttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainfallhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deserthttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinenthttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmarhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islandhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsulahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Seahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Oceanhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountainhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeshttp://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brahmaputra&action=edit&redlink=1http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamunahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflathttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainfallhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert


9/24

9

time is called the monsoon. That is so because the deserts attract water-

filled winds from the Indian Ocean, which give rain when they come into

India. When the monsoon rains come late or not so heavily, droughts (when

the land wears out because there is less rain) are possible.

5. GOVERNMENT

India is federal state with a parliamentary form of government, governed

under the Constitution of India. It is a representative democracy, "in

which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law."

National Symbols of India

Flag Tricolors

Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital

Anthem Jana Gana Mana

Song Vande mataram

Animal Royal Bengal Tiger

Bird Indian peacock

Aquatic Animal Dolphin

Flower Lotus

Tree Banyan

Fruit Mango

Sports Field Hockey

Calendar Saka

River Ganges

5.1 Constitution
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority_rulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority_rulehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_India


10/24

10

The Constitution of India, the longest and the most exhaustive among

constitutions of independent nations in the world, came into force on 26

January 1950. Thepreamble of the constitution defines India as a

sovereign, socialist, secular, democraticrepublic.

India has a bicameral parliament operating under a Westminster-

style parliamentary system. Its form of government was traditionally

described as being 'quasi-federal' with a strong centre and weaker states,

but it has grown increasingly federal since the late 1990s as a result of

political, economic and social changes.

5.2 President and Prime Minister

The President of India is the head of state elected indirectly by an electoral

college for a five-year term. The Prime Minister is the government and

exercises most executive power. Appointed by the President, the Prime

Minister is by convention supported by the party or political alliance holding

the majority of seats in the lower house of Parliament. The executive branch

consists of the President, Vice-President, and the Council of

Ministers (the Cabinet being its executive committee) headed by the Prime

Minister. Any minister holding a portfolio must be a member of either house

of parliament. In the Indian parliamentary system, the executive is

subordinate to the legislature, with the Prime Minister and his Council being

directly responsible to the lower house of the Parliament.

5.3 Legislature

The Legislature of India is the bicameral Parliament, which consists of the

upper house called the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the lower house

called the Lok Sabha (House of People). The Rajya Sabha, a permanent body,

has 245 members serving staggered six year terms. Most are elected

indirectly by the state and territorial legislatures in proportion to the state's

population. 543 of the Lok Sabha's 545 members are directly elected by

popular vote to represent individual constituencies for five year terms. The

other two members are nominated by the President from the Anglo-

Indian community if the President is of the opinion that the community is not

adequately represented.

5.4 Judiciary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preamble_to_the_Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Republic_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Republic_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_(government)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Indianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Indianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preamble_to_the_Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secularismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_collegehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_(government)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Republic_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Republic_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_(government)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Indianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Indian


11/24

11

India has a unitary three-tier judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court,headed by the Chief Justice of India, 21 High Courts, and a large number oftrial courts. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction over casesinvolving fundamental rights and over disputes between states and theCentre, and appellate jurisdiction over the High Courts. It isjudicially

independent, and has the power to declare the law and to strike down Unionor State laws which contravene the Constitution. The role as the ultimateinterpreter of the Constitution is one of the most important functions of theSupreme Court.

5.5 Administrative divisions

India consists of 28 states and seven Union Territories. All states, and thetwo union territories ofPondicherry and the National Capital Territory of

Delhi, have elected legislatures and governments patterned on the

Westminster model. The other five union territories are directly ruled by the

Centre through appointed administrators. In 1956, under the States

Reorganization Act, states were formed on a linguistic basis. Since then, this

structure has remained largely unchanged. Each state or union territory is

further divided into administrative districts. The districts in turn are further

divided into tehsils and eventually into villages.

5.6 States:

1. Andhra

Pradesh

2. Arunachal

Pradesh

3. Assam

4. Bihar

5. Chhattisgarh

6. Goa

7. Gujarat

8. Haryana

9. Himachal

Pradesh

10. Jammu and

Kashmir

11. Jharkhand

12. Karnataka13. Kerala

14. Madhya

Pradesh

15. Maharas

htra

16. Manipur

17. Meghala

ya

18. Mizoram

19. Nagalan

d

20. Orissa

21. Punjab

22. Rajasthan

23. Sikkim

24. Tamil

Nadu

25. Tripura

26. Uttar

Pradesh

27. Uttarakha

nd

28. West

Bengal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Courts_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_jurisdictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Rights_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnatakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Courts_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_jurisdictionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_Rights_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Territoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puducherryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Capital_Territory_of_Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_Reorganisation_Acthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehsilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arunachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhattisgarhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haryanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himachal_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karnatakahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keralahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhya_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meghalayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttar_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uttarakhandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal


12/24

12

5.7 Union Territories:

A. Andaman & Nicobar Island

B. Chandigarh

C. Dadra & Nagar Haveli

D. Daman & Diu

E. Lakshadweep

F. National Capital Territory of Delhi

G. Pondicherry

Administrative divisions of India, including 28 states and 7 union territories.

6. POLITICS

India is the most populous democracy in the world. It has operated under

a multi-party system for most of its history. For most of the years since

independence, the federal government has been led by the Indian National

Congress (INC). Politics in the states have been dominated by national

parties like the INC, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and various regional

parties. From 1950 to 1990, barring two brief periods, the INC enjoyed a

parliamentary majority.

The INC was out of power between 1977 and 1980, when theJanata

Party won the election owing to public discontent with the state of

emergency declared by the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. In 1989,

a Janata Dal-led National Front coalition in alliance with the Left

Front coalition won the elections but managed to stay in power for only two

years. As the 1991 elections gave no political party a majority, the INC

formed a minority government under Prime Minister P.V. Narasimha Rao and

was able to complete its five-year term.

The years 19961998 were a period of turmoil in the federal government

with several short-lived alliances holding sway. The BJP formed a government

briefly in 1996, followed by the United Front coalition that excluded both the

BJP and the INC. In 1998, the BJP formed the National Democratic

Alliance (NDA) with several other parties and became the first non-Congress

government to complete a full five-year term.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-party_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Front_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_Fronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_Fronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Raohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Front_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-party_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_National_Congresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Partyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Emergency_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indira_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janata_Dalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Front_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_Fronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_Fronthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.V._Narasimha_Raohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Front_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(India)


13/24

13

In the 2004 Indian elections, the INC won the largest number of Lok Sabha

seats and formed a government with a coalition called the United Progressive

Alliance (UPA), supported by various Left-leaning parties and members

opposed to the BJP. The UPA again came into power in the 2009 general

election; however, the representation of the Left leaning parties within the

coalition has significantly reduced. Manmohan Singh became the first prime

minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to be re-elected after completing a

full five-year term.

7. FOREIGN RELATIONS AND MILITARY

Since its independence in 1947, India has maintained cordial relationships

with most nations. It took a leading role in the 1950s by advocating the

independence ofEuropean colonies in Africa and Asia. India is a member of

the Commonwealth of Nations and a founding member of the Non-Aligned

Movement. India was involved in two briefmilitary interventions in

neighboring countries Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka and

Operation Cactus in Maldives. After the Sino-Indian War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, India's relationship with the Soviet Union warmed and

continued to remain so until the end of the Cold War. India has fought two

wars with Pakistan over the Kashmir dispute. A third war between India and

Pakistan in 1971 resulted in the creation ofBangladesh (then East Pakistan).

Additional skirmishes have taken place between the two nations over

the Siachen Glacier. In 1999, India and Pakistan fought an undeclared war

over Kargil.

India and Russia share an extensive economic, defense

and technological relationship. Shown here is PM

Manmohan Singh with PresidentDmitry Medvedev at

the 34th G8 Summit.

In recent years, India has played an influential role in the SAARC and the

WTO. India has provided as many as 55,000 Indian military and police
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_general_election,_2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_general_election,_2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_general_election,_2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_general_election,_1962http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_European_colonieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_interventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cactushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflictshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflictshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_disputehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Meghdoothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siachen_Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kargil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_G8_Summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Policehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_general_election,_2004http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Progressive_Alliancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_general_election,_2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_general_election,_2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehruhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_general_election,_1962http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_former_European_colonieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_interventionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Peace_Keeping_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cactushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflictshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars_and_conflictshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_disputehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Meghdoothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siachen_Glacierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kargil_Warhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Russia_relationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedevhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_G8_Summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Police


14/24

14

personnel to serve in thirty-five UN peacekeeping operations across four

continents. India is also an active participant in various multilateral forums,

particularly the East Asia Summit and the G8+5. Recent overtures by the

Indian government have strengthened relations with the United States and

China. In the economic sphere, India has close relationships with

other developing nations in South America, Asia and Africa.

India maintains the third-largest military force in the world, which consists of

the Indian Army, Navy, Air Force and auxiliary forces such as the Paramilitary

Forces, the Coast Guard, and the Strategic Forces Command. The official

Indian defense budget for 2010 stood at US$31.9 billion (or 2.12% of

GDP). According to a 2008 SIPRI report, India's annual military expenditure in

terms of PPP stood at US$72.7 billion. The President of India is the supreme

commander of the Indian Armed Forces. India maintains close defensecooperation with Russia, Israel and France, who are the chief suppliers of

arms. Defense contractors, such as the Defense Research and Development

Organization (DRDO) and Hindustan Aeronautics (HAL), oversee indigenous

development of sophisticated arms and military equipment, including

ballistic missiles, fighter aircraft and main battle tanks, to reduce India's

dependence on foreign imports.

India became a nuclear power in 1974 after conducting an initial nuclear

test, known as the Operation Smiling Buddha, and carried out furtherunderground testing in 1998. Despite criticism and military sanctions, India

has consistently refused to sign the CTBT and the NPT. India maintains a "no

first use" nuclear policyand is developing nuclear triad capability as a part of

its "minimum credible deterrence" doctrine. On 10 October 2008, a civilian

nuclear agreement between India and the United States was signed, prior to

which India received waivers from the IAEA and the NSG which ended

restrictions on nuclear technology commerce and recognized India as the

world's de facto sixth nuclear weapons state.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeepinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia_Summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G8%2B5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_size_of_armed_forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Commandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronauticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiling_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhran-IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhran-IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_first_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_first_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_triadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_Credible_Deterrencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-US_civilian_nuclear_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-US_civilian_nuclear_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Suppliers_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeepinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asia_Summithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G8%2B5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_countryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_size_of_armed_forceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Armyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Navyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Air_Forcehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary_forces_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Coast_Guardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Forces_Commandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm_International_Peace_Research_Institutehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence_Research_and_Development_Organisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronauticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weaponshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smiling_Buddhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhran-IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhran-IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treatyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_first_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_first_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_triadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_Credible_Deterrencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-US_civilian_nuclear_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-US_civilian_nuclear_agreementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Suppliers_Group


15/24

15

8. ECONOMY

The Bombay Stock Exchange, in Mumbai, is Asias oldestand Indias largest stock exchange by market capitalization

In 2009, India's nominal GDP stood at US$1.243 trillion,

which makes it the eleventh-largest economy in the

world. IfPPP is taken into account, India's economy is

the fourth largest in the world at US$3.561 trillion,

corresponding to a per capita income of US$3,100. The

country ranks 139th in nominal GDP per capita and 128th in GDP per capita

at PPP. With an average annual GDP growth rate of 5.8% for the past two

decades, India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world.

India has the world's second largest labour force, with 516.3 million people.

In terms of output, the agricultural sector accounts for 28% of GDP; the

service and industrial sectors make up 54% and 18% respectively. Major

agricultural products include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea,

sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish. Major

industries include textiles, telecommunications, chemicals, food processing,

steel, transport equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software.

India's trade has reached a relatively moderate share of 24% of GDP in 2006,

up from 6% in 1985. In 2008, India's share of world trade was about

1.68%. Major exports include petroleum products, textile goods, gems and

jewelry, software, engineering goods, chemicals, and leather
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillion_dollar_clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(real)_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trillion_dollar_clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capitahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(real)_growth_ratehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_in_India


16/24

16

manufactures. Major imports include crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer,

and chemicals.

From the 1950s to the 1980s, India followed socialist-inspired policies. The

economy was shackled by extensive regulation, protectionism, and public

ownership, leading to pervasive corruption and slow growth. In 1991, the

nation liberalized its economy and has since moved towards a market-based

system. The policy change in 1991 came after an acute balance of payments

crisis, and the emphasis since then has been to use foreign trade and foreign

investment as integral parts of India's economy.

TheTata Nano, the world's cheapest car. India's

annual car exports have surged fivefold in the past

five years.

In the late 2000s, India's economic growth

averaged 7.5% a year. Over the past decade, hourly wage rates in India have

more than doubled. In 2009, the Global Competitiveness Report ranked India

16th in financial market sophistication, 24th in banking sector, 27th in

business sophistication and 30th in innovation; ahead of several advanced

economies. Seven of the world's top 15 technology outsourcing companies

are based in India and the country is viewed as the second most favorable

outsourcing destination after the United States.

Despite India's impressive economic growth over recent decades, it still

contains the largest concentration of poor people in the world. The

percentage of people living below the World Bank's international poverty line

of $1.25 a day (PPP, in nominal terms Rs. 21.6 a day in urban areas and Rs.

14.3 in rural areas in 2005) decreased from 60% in 1981 to 42% in

2005. Since 1991, inter-state economic inequality in India has consistently

grown; the per capita net state domestic product of India's richest states is

about 3.2 times that of the poorest states. Even though India has

avoided famines in recent decades, half of children are underweight and

about 46% of Indian children under the age of three suffer from malnutrition.

A 2007 Goldman Sachs report projected that "from 2007 to 2020, Indias GDP

per capita will quadruple," and that the Indian GDP will surpass that of the

United States before 2050, but India "will remain a low-income country for
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Nanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_(decade)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Reporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underweighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underweighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutrition_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldman_Sachshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_economicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/License_Rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Nanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_(decade)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Competitiveness_Reporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_by_GDPhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underweighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutrition_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldman_Sachs


17/24

17

several decades, with per capita incomes well below its other BRIC peers."

Although the Indian economy has grown steadily over the last two decades;

its growth has been uneven when comparing different social groups,

economic groups, geographic regions, and rural and urban areas.The World

Bank suggests that India must continue to focus on public sector reform,

infrastructure, agricultural and rural development, removal of labor

regulations, improvement in transport, energy security, and health and

nutrition.

9. CULTURE

India's culture is marked by a high degree ofsyncretism and cultural

pluralism. India's cultural tradition dates back to 8,000 B.C. and has a

continuously recorded history for over 2,500 years. With its roots based in

the Indus Valley Tradition, the Indian culture took a distinctive shape during

the 11th century B.C. Vedic age which laid the foundation of philosophy,

mythology, literary tradition and beliefs and practices, such

as dharma, karma and yoga. It has managed to preserve establishedtraditions while absorbing new customs, traditions, and ideas from invaders

and immigrants and spreading its cultural influence to other parts of Asia,

mainly South East and East Asia.

Traditional Indian society is defined by relatively strict social hierarchy.

The Indian caste system describes the social stratification and social

restrictions in the Indian subcontinent, in which social classes are defined by

thousands of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed asjatis or castes.

Several influential social reform movements, such as the Bramha Shomaj,the Arya Samaja and the Ramakrishna Mission, have played a pivotal role in

the emancipation of Dalits (or "untouchables") and other lower-caste

communities in India. However, the majority of Dalits continues to live in

segregation and are often persecuted and discriminated against.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_pluralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_pluralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodization_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_textshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_cultural_spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_caste_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81tihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmo_Samajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramakrishna_Missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Dalitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_pluralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_pluralismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodization_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedic_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_textshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_cultural_spherehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_caste_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%81tihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmo_Samajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arya_Samajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramakrishna_Missionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalitshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shudrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Dalits


18/24

18

Traditional Indian family values are highly respected, and multi-generational

patriarchaljoint families have been the norm, although nuclear families are

becoming common in urban areas. An overwhelming majority of Indians have

their marriages arranged by their parents and other respected family

members, with the consent of the bride and groom. Marriage is thought to be

for life, and the divorce rate is extremely low. Child marriage is still a

common practice, with half ofwomen in India marrying before the legal age

of 18.

9.1 People and Lifestyle

Traditional Indian dress varies across the regions in its colours and styles and

depends on various factors, including climate. Popular styles of dress include

draped garments such as sari for women and dhoti or lungi for men; in

addition, stitched clothes such as salwar kameez for women and kurta-

pyjama and European-style trousers and shirts for men, are also popular

9.2 Cuisine

In Indian cuisine, food is categorized into six tastes - sweet, sour, salty, spicy,

bitter and astringent. A well-balanced Indian meal contains all six tastes, not

always can this be accomplished. This principle explains

the use of numerous spice combinations and depth offlavour in Indian recipes. Side dishes and condiments

like chutneys, curries, daals and Indian pickles

contribute to and add to the overall flavour and texture

of a meal and provide balance needed.

Food in India is wide ranging in variety, taste and flavour. Being so diverse

geographically, each region has its own cuisine and style

of preparation. Indian cuisine, renowned for its exotic

gravies seems complicated for any newcomer. TheMughlai cuisine of North differs sharply from the

preparations of the south. The Wazwan style of Kashmir

is luxurious but the same can be said about Bengal's

Macher Jhol, Rajasthan's Dal Bati, Uttar Pradesh's Kebabs and Punjab's

Sarson Ka Saag and Makki di Roti. In India, recipes are handed down from

generation to generation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranged_marriage_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranged_marriage_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_dresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhotihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salwar_kameezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajamahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_familyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranged_marriage_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arranged_marriage_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_marriagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_dresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhotihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salwar_kameezhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pajama


19/24

19

9.3 Religions

Several modern religions are linked to India, namely

modern Hinduism,Jainism, Buddhism, Ayyavazhi and Sikhism. All of these

religions have different schools (ways of thinking) and traditions that are

related. As a group they are called the Eastern religions. The Indian religions

are similar to one another in many ways: The basic beliefs, the

way worship is done and several religious practices are very similar. These

similarities mainly come from the fact that these religions have a common

history and common origins. They also influenced each other.

The religion of Hinduism is followed by 80.5% of people in the Republic of

India; Islam 13.4%; Christianity 2.3%; Sikhism 1.9%; Buddhism 0.8%

andJainism 0.4%.

9.4 Festivals

Many Indian festivals are religious in origin, although several are celebrated

irrespective of caste and creed. Some popular festivals are Diwali, Ganesh

Chaturthi, Ugadi, Thai Pongal, Holi,Onam, Vijayadashami, Durga Puja, Bakr-

Id, Christmas, Buddha Jayanti and Vaisakhi. India has three national

holidays which are observed in all states and union territories RepublicDay, Independence Day and Gandhi Jayanthi. Other sets of holidays, varying

between nine and twelve, are officially observed in individual states.

Religious practices are an integral part of everyday life and are a very public

affair.

9.5 Music

Indian music covers a wide range of traditions and regional styles. Classical

music largely encompasses the two genres North Indian Hindustani, South

Indian Carnatic traditions and their various offshoots in the form ofregional

folk music. Regionalized forms of popular music include filmy and folk music;

the syncretism tradition of the bauls is a well-known form of the latter.

Indian dance too has diverse folk and classical forms. Among the well-

known folk dances are the bhangra of the Punjab, the bihu of Assam,

the chhau ofWest Bengal, Jharkhand and sambalpuri of Orissa and
http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyavazhihttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_religionshttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshiphttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Pongalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayadashamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durga_Pujahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakr-Idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakr-Idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_days_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_days_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_classical_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatic_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_folk_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_folk_danceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhau_dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambalpurihttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyavazhihttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikhismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_religionshttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshiphttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianityhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhismhttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diwalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_Pongalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijayadashamihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durga_Pujahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakr-Idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakr-Idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaisakhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_days_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_days_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhi_Jayanthihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_classical_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_classical_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnatic_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_folk_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baulhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_folk_danceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhangrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhau_dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambalpuri


20/24

20

the ghoomar of Rajasthan. Eight dance forms, many with narrative forms

and mythological elements, have been accorded classical dance status by

India's National Academy of Music, Dance, and Drama. These

are: bharatanatyam of the state of Tamil Nadu, Kathak of Uttar

Pradesh, kathakali and mohiniyattam of Kerala, kuchipudi ofAndhra Pradesh,

Manipuri of Manipur, odissi of Orissa and the sattriya of Assam.

Theatre in India often incorporates music, dance, and improvised or written

dialogue. Often based on Hindu mythology, but also borrowing from

medieval romances, and news of social and political events, Indian theatre

includes the Bhavai of state Gujarat, the Jatra of West Bengal,

the Nautanki and Ramlila of North India, theTamasha of Maharashtra,

the Burrakatha of Andhra Pradesh, theTerukkuttu of Tamil Nadu, and

theYakshagana of Karnataka.

The Indian film industry is the largest in the world. Bollywood, based in

Mumbai, makes commercial Hindi films and is the most prolific film industry

in the world. Established traditions also exist in Bengali, Kannada,

Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, and Telugu language cinemas.

The earliest works ofIndian literature were transmitted orally and only laterwritten down. These included works ofSanskrit literature such as the early

Vedas, the epics Mahabharata and Ramayana, the drama Abhijnana

sakuntalam (The Recognition of Sakuntalam) and poetry such as the

Mahakavya and the Tamil language Sangam literature. Among Indian writers

of the modern era active in Indian languages or English, Rabindranath

Tagore won the Noble Prize in 1913.

9.6 Language

There are many different languages andcultures in India. The only

geographical place with more different languages and cultures is the African

continent. There are two main language families in India, the Indo-Aryan and

the Dravidian languages. About 69% of Indians speak an Indo-Aryan

language; about 26% speak a Dravidian language. Other languages spoken
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghoomarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Indian_dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangeet_Natak_Akademihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatanatyamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathakalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohiniyattamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipuri_dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odissihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sattriya_dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautankihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramlilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamashahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrakathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terukkuttuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakshaganahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_literaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_literaturehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghoomarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Indian_dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sangeet_Natak_Akademihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharatanatyamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathakalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohiniyattamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchipudihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andhra_Pradeshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipuri_dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odissihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sattriya_dancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautankihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramlilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamashahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrakathahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terukkuttuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakshaganahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_literaturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanskrit_literaturehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturehttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africahttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languageshttp://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dravidian_languages


21/24

21

in India come from the Austro-Asiatic group. Around 5% of the people speak

a Tibeto-Burman language.

Hindi is the official language in India with the largest number of speakers. It

is the official language of the union. Native speakers of Hindi represent about

41% of the Indian population (2001 Indian census). English is also used,

mostly for business and in the administration. It has the status of a

'subsidiary official language'. The constitution also recognizes 21 other

languages. Either many people speak those languages, or they have been

recognized to be very important for Indian culture. The number ofdialects in

India is as high as 1,652.

In the south of India, many people speak Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, and

Malayalam. In the north many people speak Chhattisgarhi, Panjabi, Bengali,

Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya and Bihari.

10. SPORTS

India's official national sport is field hockey, administered by the Indian

Hockey Federation. The Indian field hockey team won the 1975 Men's Hockey

World Cup and 8 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals at the Olympic games.

However, cricket is the most popular sport; the India national cricket

team won the 1983 Cricket World Cup and the 2007 ICC World Twenty20,

and shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Cricket in India is

administered by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI); and domestic

competitions include the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy, the Deodhar

Trophy, the Irani Trophy and the Challenger Series. In addition, BCCI

conducts the Indian Premier League, aTwenty20 competition.

Tennis has become increasingly popular, owing to the victories of the India

Davis Cup team. Association football is also a popular sport in northeast

India, West Bengal, Goa and Kerala. The Indian national football team has

won the South Asian Football Federation Cup several times. Chess,

commonly held to have originated in India, is also gaining popularity with the

rise in the number of Indian Grandmasters. Traditional sports
http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austro-Asiatic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Hockey_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Hockey_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_field_hockey_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_national_cricket_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_national_cricket_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_ICC_World_Twenty20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_ICC_Champions_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranji_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duleep_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodhar_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodhar_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Davis_Cup_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Davis_Cup_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_national_football_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Football_Federation_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_chess#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)http://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Austro-Asiatic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindihttp://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/dialecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Hockey_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Hockey_Federationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_field_hockey_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_medalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crickethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_national_cricket_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_national_cricket_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Cricket_World_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_ICC_World_Twenty20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_ICC_Champions_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lankahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranji_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duleep_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodhar_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deodhar_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irani_Trophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Challenger_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Premier_Leaguehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty20http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Davis_Cup_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_Davis_Cup_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_footballhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_national_football_teamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Football_Federation_Cuphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origins_of_chess#Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)


22/24

22

include kabaddi, kho- kho, and gilli-danda, which are played nationwide.

India is also home to the ancient martial arts, Kalarippayattu and Varma

Kalai.

The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and the Arjuna Award are India's highest awards

for achievements in sports, while the Dronacharya Award is awarded for

excellence in coaching. India hosted or co-hosted the 1951 and the 1982

Asian Games, the 1987and 1996 Cricket World Cup. It has also successfully

hosted the Men's Field-hockey World Cup 2010 and is scheduled to host

the 2010 Commonwealth Games and later the 2011 Cricket World Cup.

11. WILDLIFE IN INDIA

Royal Bengal Tiger in Sundarbans. The world's

largest mangrove forest as well as a UNESCO

World Heritage Site.

India is home to several well-known large

mammals including the Asian Elephant, Bengal

Tiger, Asiatic Lion, Leopard and Indian

Rhinoceros, often engrained culturally and religiously often being associated

with deities. Other well-known large Indian mammals include ungulates such

as the domestic Asian Water buffalo, wild Asian Waterbuffalo, Nilgai, Gaur and several species of deer and antelope. Som

Date post:	09-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	ankit-narola
View:	224 times
Download:	0 times

INCREDIBLE INDIA1

Documents