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Factors that influenceIndividual Behavior:

Biographical Characteristics

Abilities

Personality

Emotional Intelligence

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Biographical Characteristics

These variables are more manageable when it comes tofinding and analyzing variables that have an impact onturnover, satisfaction, etc.

Age - older workers are less likely to resign

Gender - women have higher rates of absence

Marital Status – Married employees have fewer absences,less turnover, & more satisfied.

Tenure - negatively related to turnover, positively relatedto satisfaction

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Abilities

Intellectual Abilities That required to do mental activities.*Found to be strong predictors of future job

performance.

Physical Abilities

That required to do tasks demanding stamina,dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

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Ability-Job Fit

The Ability - Job Fit Employee performance is enhanced when thereis a high ability - job fit.

We need to keep this in mind from an HRperspective as well as an individual trying tomake a job decision.

What predictions can we make if the fit is poor?If employees lack the required abilities?If employees abilities far exceed therequirements of the job?

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Personality

What is Personality?The sum total of ways in which an individualreacts to and interacts with othersMeasurable traits that a person exhibits.An enduring combination of motives, emotions,

values, interests, attitudes and competencies.

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Determinants of Personality

Heredity/ Physiological Determinantsphysical differences, IQ, potential,temperament

Environmentculture, norms of family, friends & socialgroups, other influences

Situationin class vs. at a party

on-the-field/court vs. off-the-field/court

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Personality TraitsMyers-Briggs Type Indicator (next class)

Extraverted/IntrovertedSensing/Intuitive

Thinking/FeelingJudging/Perceiving

Big 5 ModelExtraversionAgreeablenessConscientiousnessEmotional stability

Openness to Experience

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Assess your own personality…with themajor personality attributes influencing OB

Locus of control: internal…………………………….external

Machiavellianism low……………………………………high

Self-Esteem: low…………………………………….high

Self-Monitoring low…………………………………….high

Risk Taking low……………………………………..high

Type A Personality “B”………………………………………”A”

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Type A’s & Type B’s

Type A Personality Always moving, walking, and eating rapidly.Feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place.Strive to think or do two or more things at once.Cannot cope with leisure time.Are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in terms of howmany or how much of everything they acquire.

Type B Personality Never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanyingimpatience.Feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements oraccomplishments unless such exposure is demanded by the situation.Play for fun & relaxation, instead of exhibit their superiority at any cost.

Can relax without guilt.

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The Person-Job Fit

Today, managers are more interested in anapplicant’s flexibility to meet changing situations

(instead of ability to perform a specific job)

Holland’s personality -job fit theory captures thenotion of matching the job requirements withpersonality characteristics

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Five Dimensions of EQSelf-awareness - impact on others, aware of feelings

Self-management - manage own emotions and impulses

Self-motivation - ability to persist in face of failures

Empathy – ability to sense how others are feeling

Social skills - ability to handle emotions of others

What was your EQ? Do you agree withthe results?

How can managers increase their EQ?

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Practicing Emotional Intelligence

1. Label their feelings, rather than labeling people or situations "2. Distinguish between thoughts and feelings .3. Take responsibility for their feelings .

4. Use their feelings to help them make decisions .5. Show respect for other people's feelings .6. Feel energized, not angry .7. Validate other people's feelings .

8. Practice getting a positive value from their negative emotions .9. Don't advise, command, control, criticize, judge

or lecture others. 10. Avoid people who invalidate them, or don't respect

their feelings.

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Why is it important that we understandpersonality & individual differences?

To help you learn more about the dimensions of your own personality.To understand why individuals think, feel, and actdifferently.To help managers create a good fit between peopleand jobs.

By selecting people with the right attributesBy redesigning jobs to fit individuals’ strengths

To help organizations create a good person-organization fit