InDAM Final Report - Microsoft...the GFCM/CAQ, was aiming to present the results of the third pilot...

InDAM Final Report

Selection of a set of indicators for the sustainable development of

aquaculture in the Mediterranean

Tunisia pilot study phase III

by

Houssam Awadh HAMZA

Aquaculture Engineer

Mohamed Hadj Ali Salem

Professor

Skander Ben Salem

Assistant Researcher

January 2014

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1. INTRODUCTION

The 37th session of the GFCM (Split, Croatia, May 2013) has recommended to CAQ, its

subsidiary body in charge of aquaculture, to finalize the Tunisian pilot case in its third phase

with the aim of applying the previously selected indicators (phases I and II of the pilot actions

in Tunisia and Turkey) in the context of Tunisian aquaculture with concrete action to be

conducted on the field (among concerned stakeholders, especially farms and farmers), being

remind that 2 pilots case study were recommended (one in turkey and the second one in

Tunisia). The first phase of those case studies were implemented during 2009 and led to

selecting 52 indicators amongst the 156 which have been identified by the two meetings

previously held in Montpellier, France in 2007 and 2008.

The methodology used for the selection of indicators for sustainable development of

aquaculture in the Mediterranean took into consideration 4 attributes, i.e. the data availability,

data reliability, relevance and the understand ability of the indicator.

Such exercise allows formulating a policy, at local scale, to apply, refine, validate and re-

evaluate the selected indicators. The ultimate objective of that work is to select a set of

indicators applicable at the regional (Mediterranean) scale.

2. METHODOLOGY

The methodology used to conduct the Tunisian case study was based on a participatory

approach; it took in consideration the following main points:

1. Set-up a panel of experts in charge of conducting the third phase of the Tunisian case study

A group of three experts( the same one which was in charge of the previously phases I and II;

it was composed by MM. Hadj Ali Salem Mohamed (Professor), Hamza Houssam (Aquaculture

Engineer) and Ben Salem Skander (Assistant Researcher); the 4 above mentioned dimensions

of the aquaculture development were considered.

2. Review the indicators fact sheets

On the basis of the outputs coming from the work realized within the second phase of the case

study, the fact sheets were reviewed, deeply reanalysed and then used for the further steps of

the exercise.

3. Preparation of a questionnaire

On the basis of the above mention facts sheet a questionnaire (see a copy attached) was prepared

and sent to 20 stakeholders who acting as marine fish farmers (18 cage farmers and 2 on land-

based farmers).

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4. Responses to the questionnaire

Among the 20 farmer’s contacted 9 farmers (8 cages farmers and 1 on land-based farmer) of

them answered to the questionnaire by partially or full filling in its items. Some of them were

feeling not concerned by this assessment.

5. Field work

On the basis of the responses received and then analysed, a field work program was established.

The farmers who did not answer the questionnaire were also included in the field work

programme.

3. REVIEW OF THE FACT SHEETS

In the framework of the four dimensions already agreed for the sustainable development of

aquaculture in the Mediterranean and Black sea (economic, environmental, social and

governance), 12 indicators were selected during the second phase of the Tunisia case study

(INAT, June, 2011). To meet the requirements and terms of reference of the current study on

one part and to reach the objectives already identified for the current phase III in its main

components on another part, the panel of experts shared its technical work as follows:

Environment and Governance dimensions

MM. Hadj Ali Salem Mohamed and Hamza Houssam

Economic and Social dimensions

M. Ben Salem Skander

The whole exercise was coordinated by the panel of experts as a whole. The panel then

proceeded to review/re-evaluate 16 among 12 indicators selected during the previous pilot case

study and then presented during the Malaga Meeting in 2011 which were as follows:

4 indicators for the economic dimension

5 indicators for the environment dimension

2 indicators for the social dimension

1 for the governance dimension

After that, the panel proceeded to the review of a number of fact sheets (one for each selected

indicator), including the principle, criteria, the name and the explanation related to the indicator

as well as how to measure/ calculate it, if possible and where data are available. The information

also includes how the indicator can contribute to measure/ appreciate the aquaculture

sustainability and to identify the data sources as well as some standards (reference points), when

they exist.

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4. PREPARATION OF A QUESTIONNAIRE

After reviewing the fact sheets an online survey was developed using the Survey Gizmo tools,

allowing the farmers to be informed about the project objectives, beneficiaries and main results.

The farmers were asked to give their feeling and answer about the applicability of the indicators

at farm/ aquaculture enterprise level. The applicability was measured according to the

availability (yes/no) and the accessibility (yes/no) of the indicator, since an indicator could be

available but not accessible to other users or could have a confidentiality level.

The result of the online survey (answers from the applicants) was used to measure at how extent

the number of farmers accepted to complete the questionnaire and to comment it at their farm

level.

From 20 farmers, 8 cages farmers answer on line to the survey and comment the indicators

according to their availability and accessibility. The indicators were well explained in the

survey but not all data available such as water current.

The farmers who don’t filled in the questionnaire/ survey were included in the field work in

order to help them to more understand the aim of the exercise, the usefulness of indicators as

well as the importance of their participation to this work. Such a work was deeply explained

during the visit to farms.

5. FIELD WORK

Once the online survey received and then analysed a set of farmers was identified and selected,

focusing on the farmers who cumulated more than one year of activity and have already

produced fish. The aim of the field work was to push / improve farmers to be more involved in

the use of indicators and to explain to them that it’s not a way to measure there one sustainability

but to provide a tool enabling them to improve their sustainability. This extension phase was

very interesting with regard to the outcomes of the meeting organized at farm level, including

local administration and using a Microsoft Excel sheet development related to the use of traffic

light approach; that was focusing on the importance of the economic and environment

indicators and how farmers could improve aquaculture and management practices.

The farmers were asked to use the excel sheet through their own data and to fallow the change

of colours using via traffic light approach; the limit of each colour range according to their

experience were also inserted. The farmers also were finally asked to present their own

experience and results on the use of the indicator to the Workshop of the project “INDAM”

scheduled to be held in Hammamet.

The two previous steeps were highly important to measure the understanding of farmer to many

notion and methods and also to identify the dimension which needs to be strengthened. The

environmental indicators were not well assimilated by the farmers. An international expert

(from Italy) was invited to participate to the Hammamet workshop to share the Italian

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experience in that field and give the farmers more details and information on the environment

related.

6. THE WORKSHOP ON THE INDAM TUNISIAN CASE STUDY

The results of the pilot study were presented during a workshop which was organised in

Hammamet, Tunisia on 19 November 2013, with the participation of 55 stakeholders coming

from industry, administration, institution and organisations (i.e. farmers, NGO’s). The list of

participants is in Appendix 1. The workshop which was attended by the technical secretary of

the GFCM/CAQ, was aiming to present the results of the third pilot action of the project

INDAM in Tunisia as a whole with a special focus on the third phase and to give the opportunity

to the first users (farmers) to present their exercise withy the utilisation of the indicators to

follow their activities and their trends through the traffic light tool. The opportunity was also

given to other stakeholders to give their comment on the indicators, to add improve or possibly

remove some of them according to a common understanding and consensus.

The meeting was chaired by the general director of fisheries and aquaculture who expressed the

interest of his administration (Ministry of Agriculture) to a proper and responsible development

of aquaculture in Tunisia and in the GFCM zone of competence. The comments on indicators

by the participants are summarized as follows:

Economic and Social Dimensions

Four economic indicators and two social indicators were tested by farmers and the results were

presented at the workshop of Hammamet. Enriching discussions were held between the

participants and the group of experts in order to improve the understanding of certain definitions

(explanations), calculation methods and reference points of economic and social indicators so

that they could be used as objective elements to state on the sustainability of the aquaculture

sector in Tunisia. At the end of the workshop the following changes and improvements have

been approved:

Economic Indicator 1: Integration rate (%)

The formula for calculating this indicator has been amended as follows: Integration rate = (Cost

of locally produced inputs /Total operating expenses)*100.

Inputs to be considered are: feed, fry, maintenance, salaries, supplies (vaccines, antibiotics,

hormones, etc.), energy and taxes.

Economic Indicator 2: Existence of a system of quality certification and / or

environmental (% of ISO 9001 and / or ISO 14000 firms)

Participants suggested changing the name of this indicator and settle only «Existence a

certification system (% of certified enterprises) » to include all the certifications available and

not just the quality and/or environmental certifications. Similarly, the explanation of this

indicator was changed by quoting various aspects of certification such as those related to "health

and animal welfare", "food security", "the integrity of the environment", "product quality",

"organic aquaculture" and ethical issues.

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In addition, the reference point for this indicator was formulated jointly by the participants to

be able to use “traffic light approach”. They have suggested comparing the annual percentage

of certified enterprises to that relating to a base year (the first year of a time series for example).

Economic Indicator 4: Rate of Return on Assets (ROA)

To use the “traffic light approach” participants agreed to consider the average interest rate (AIR)

added to the weighted average cost of bank loans (ACBL) made by the enterprise as the

minimum desired value for this indicator and not just the average interest rate as described in

the previous version of this indicator.

Social Indicator 2: Graduated-to-staff ratio (in %)

Identification of the reference point was discussed and participants proposed to conduct a

statistical analysis of historical data sets to apply the "traffic light approach”. The reference

point may be defined in terms of the median value of the data series.

Environmental Dimension

The environmental indicators were deeply discussed with the support of Mr Paolo Tomassetti

from ISPRA (Italy). The main output was to strength the importance of these indicators and

their use on the field with farmers and authority to show the effect of aquaculture and on

aquaculture from the environment. The participants validate the previous indicators but ask for

a new indicator related to the sediment it could be a chemical or a biological one which will be

identified later.

Governance Dimension

All participants agree about the use of the indicator “Existence of national legislation on AZA:

% of aquaculture allocated zones” this indicator is applied at national level and engages the

country to ensure the sustainability of the aquaculture activity.

The indicators and their methodological sheets resulting from the pilot study in Tunisia are

reported in Appendix 2.

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APPENDIX 1

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE WORKSHOP ON THE INDAM TUNISIAN CASE

STUDY IN HAMMAMET

Hadj ALI Salem

SIPAM 98377527 [email protected]

Melaouah Nidhal

DGPA (Administration)

98337716 [email protected]

Zaafrane Sami

INSTM (research institute)


Baffoum Aymen

Medora (Farmer)

98455978

Malek Mtimet

Porto Farina (Farmer)


Msekni Fethi

TSF (Farmer)


Ben Cheikh Boutheina

Samaka (Farmer)


Name and Surname

Institution Telephone Tunisia code: +216

Email address

Hechmi Missaoui


71 892 253

Triki Med

CRDA (Administration) 26982118

Ben Regaya Bechir

CRDA Nabeul (Administration)


Hacheni Foued

UTAP (syndicate) 71806800 [email protected]

Skander Beb Salem

INSTM (research institute)

71730548

Hadi Gazbar

Private consultant 21114293 [email protected]

Maher Gazbar

Private consultant 22680129

Majdi El Mannouchi

GIPP (Professional) 71905206 [email protected]

Atef Assali Biofish (Farmer)


Dr Bouchahda Consultant

97995288

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Paolo

Tomassetti

ISPRA (research institute)

+390650073322 [email protected]

Jeridi khelifa



HADJ Kacem Med

APIA (Administration)


Toueileb cherif

FAO 98703255 [email protected]

Bendag Mustapha

BioMar (food supplier)


Dghim Mohamed

URAP Monastir (syndicate)


Jamel Ksouri

ISPA Bizerte (research institute)


Lotfi ben Mansour

FAO 98703241 [email protected]

Sahar Hamdi

Consultant 24262657 [email protected]

Baatout Wael

Tunisian Sea Fish (Farmer)


Missaoui Najiba

CTA (Technical Center)


Zouri Mourad

CTA (Technical Center)


Ines Tliba ep Kamel

DGSV (Administration)


Grami Med ALI

DGSV (Administration)

97656584

Afrit Souad

DGP (Administration)

97546417

Naoufel Romdhane



Ayadi Noureddine

APIP (Harbour Agency)


Mestiri Foued

APIP (Harbour Agency)


Rakia Belkahia



Rahali Khalil



Mdimegh Oussama

TTF (Farmer) 94435343 [email protected]

Neji Aloui

INSTM 71730420 [email protected]

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Toumia Nabil

URAP (Syndicate) 55941210 [email protected]

Sami Nakbi

URAP (Syndicate) 92126218 [email protected]

Mehdi Maaroufi

BioFish (Farmer) 99372015 [email protected]

Gharbi Asma

BioFish (Farmer) 25448444

Haddawi Rym

APIA (Administration) 98431992 [email protected]

Boussadia Afef

ALER AQUA (Feed Supplyer)

28126357

Hamza Houssam



Hamza Soumaya

INAT (Institutte) 21476098 [email protected]

Mohamed Tamri

ATDEPA (NGOs)

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APPENDIX 2

INDICATORS AND THEIR METHODOLOGICAL SHEETS RESULTING FROM

THE PILOT STUDY IN TUNISIA

ECONOMIC DIMENSION

Economic Indicator 1

Code: 1 New

Principle: Strengthen financial management of enterprises (ST and LT)

Criterion: Level of input efficiency

Indicator: Integration rate (in %)

Explanation:

This indicator reflects the degree of satisfying the needs of aquaculture by locally produced

inputs. The higher the integration, the higher the activity is sustainable.

Calculation method:

Integration rate = (Cost of locally produced inputs / total operating expenses) * 100

Inputs to be considered are: Food, Fry, Maintenance, salaries, supplies (vaccines, antibiotics,

etc.), energy and taxes.

Availability and cost of data:

These information are only available at the enterprise level and are obtained from annual

operating accounts

Reference points:

> 60%

Between 30%-60%

≤30%

1 This code refers to the original code given to a pool of 156 indicators identified during InDAM phase 1 and

published in: GFCM. 2011. Indicators for the sustainable development of finfish Mediterranean aquaculture:

highlights from the InDAM Project. Studies and Reviews. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean.

No. 90 Rome, FAO. 218 pp.

(available at http://www.faosipam.org/index.aspx?pag=content/_news&id=84&dt=May%202008)

The indicators resulting from the pilot study step III may be the same as identified during InDAM phase 1 or could

be new ones or could result from a merging of two or more indicators.

http://www.faosipam.org/index.aspx?pag=content/_news&id=84&dt=May%202008

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Codes: P2C6I26 & P1C1I1 & P1C1I2

Principle: Strengthen consumer responsive and market oriented aquaculture

Criterion: Traceable products

Indicator: Existence of certification schemes (% of certified enterprises)

Explanation:

Certification is a voluntary act that can give companies competitive advantages. It is issued by

independent certification bodies and public authorities.

Certification is defined by FAO as "Procedures by which organizations or a certification body

gives written assurance or equivalent that a product or service conforms to specified

requirements (FAO Guidelines on Certification of aquaculture). Certification systems may

involve different aspects such as "Health and animal welfare", "food security", "the integrity of

the environment", "product quality", "organic aquaculture" and ethical issues. Certification

systems may be specific to companies or countries. "Global Gap" and BRC "British Retail

Consortium" are examples of insurance business to business required by retailers in Europe and

the USA.

Calculation method:

Yes or No

If Yes, % of certified enterprises = (certified enterprises /total enterprises)*100

Availability and cost of data:

Competent authorities and companies that need to demonstrate that they meet all the

certification process.

Reference points:

> % of base year

= % of base year

< % of base year

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Code: P3C2I33

Principle: Strengthen financial management of enterprises (ST and LT)

Criterion: Level of input efficiency

Indicator: Unit production cost (total variable and fixed operating costs / kg product)

Explanation:

This indicator measures the average total cost (fixed costs and variable costs) per kg of fish

produced. It aims to evaluate the efficiency of use of inputs in the medium and long terms. The

difficulties of estimating this indicator lies in the fact that companies perform batch farming

and therefore it is necessary that in each year there is a starting biomass and an end of year

biomass to be estimated with accuracy.

Production costs are all expenses incurred to produce. Some expenses necessary for the

production are independent of the quantity produced; these are fixed costs (finance charges,

insurance, depreciation, etc.). Others vary when the quantity produced increases: these are the

variable costs (purchase of fingerlings and food, zoo-sanitary products, sales, fuel, etc.).

Called batch: all cages stocked at the same time and coming into production during the same

period.

Calculation method:

Full cost of one unit of product = (Variable costs + fixed costs) / ((end biomass – start biomass)

+ quantity sold)

Data sources:

These data are only available at the enterprise level and are obtained from annual operating

accounts

Reference points:

The ex-farm price per kg is compared to the unit production cost (beneficiary margin ratio):

(ex-farm Price - unit production Cost)/ex-farm price)*100

≥ 10%

Between 0%-10%

< 0 %

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Code: P3C1I29

Principle: Strengthen Financial Management of Enterprises (ST and LT)

Criterion: Level of profitability

Indicator: Rate of return on assets (ROA)

Explanation:

An indicator of how profitable a company is relative to its total assets. ROA gives an idea as to

how efficient management is at using its assets to generate earnings. Calculated by dividing a

company's annual earnings by its total assets, ROA is displayed as a percentage. Sometimes

this is referred to as return on investment, also known as overall profitability.

Total assets: All assets and rights, which is the left side of the balance sheet. They are of two

types: fixed assets (durable goods subject to amortization) and current assets (inventories and

receivables having a turnover of less than one year).

Calculation method:

Rate of return on assets = Net income/ total assets

Data sources:

These data are only available in the balance sheets of the enterprises

Reference points:

The average interest rate (AIR) added to the weighted average cost of bank loans (ACBL) made

by the enterprise is the minimum desired value for this indicator.

> AIR + ACBL

= AIR + ACBL

< AIR + ACBL

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ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION

ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATOR 1:

Code: P1C1-1

Principle: Maintain the goods and services that the ecosystem provides to aquaculture

Criterion: Level of ecological footprint

Indicator: Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR): Input (feed kg) / Output (produced kg)

Explanation:

The Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) is the amount of food needed for an animal to gain 1 kg. The

conversion rate is a direct measurable indicator that reflects the optimization of the use of

pellets. The food not consumed and not recovered will be dropped for the environment. Indeed

this indicator reflects the effectiveness of the transfer protein in fish flesh and thus improving

the environmental foot print on the marine ecosystem.

Food conversion ratio = (Quantity of dry food distributed)/ (Quantity of weight produced) at

end of farming cycle

Quantity of weight produced= Final Stock – Initial Stock + Sold Quantity

Calculation method (National Standards): This indicator is calculated by the rate of

consumed aliment quantity and the quantity of produced fish per production cycle. The FCR

should be calculated at the farm level for the cages of the same cycle and for an average size of

230-280 gr/fish for the Gilthead seabream and 300 gr/fish for the European seabass.

Reference point: 1.5 for both Gilthead seabream and European seabass

Traffic light Approach:

FCR≤1.5

1.5‹FCR≤1.8

FCR› 1.8

Data sources: Farmers

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Code: P3C3-34

Principle: Minimizing the local impact on environmental conditions and biodiversity

Criterion: Impact on benthic habitats and their communities

Indicator: Redox potential

Explanation:

This indicator is significant when it relates to the sediment than the water column. In the

sediments, when the redox potential value is close to zero or less it means that something is

occurring in matter of sediment pollution.

Calculation method: Standard methods

Reference point: 0

Data sources: Producers

Participants’ remarks:

Traffic light Approach:

› 0

0

‹0

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Code: P3C3-35

Principle: Minimizing of the local impact on environmental conditions and biodiversity

Criterion: Impact on benthic habitats and their communities

Indicator: Total P and total N (kg)

Explanation:

Offshore aquaculture is an open system and therefore the wastes are released directly into the

medium and/or as in solid form, either associated with particulate matter or dissolved. Nitrogen

(N) and phosphorus (P) are coming from the uneaten food, the N and P undigested (feces) and

excreted through the gills and urine.

The cages are therefore in strong interaction with the marine environment and coastal loss

of food due to:

- Wrong management of livestock

- Poor quality of food (high solubility and low stability of the food in water)

- Limited absorption resulting from low digestibility or poor metabolism of fish.

- Internal and external factors (biological and ecological) will also affect the amount of

waste produced and released into the environment

Calculation method: In conformity of Tunisian standards (NT 09.18). The sampling should be

done 1 time per season (4 times per cycle) on a depth of 6meters at the center of concession and

in the fourth boundary and in a reference point 500m far from the boundary of the site.

Reference point:

Total P: 0.1mg/L (water column)

Total N: 30mg/L (water column)

Traffic light approach:

N‹30mg/L & P‹0.1 mg/L

N=30mg/L & P=0.1 mg/L

N›30mg/L & P›0.1 mg/L

Data sources: Producers and competent supervisory services

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Code: P2C4 -18

Principle: Respect the ecological services of ecosystem

Criterion: Oceanographic conditions

Indicator: Marine current velocity (cm/sec)

Explanation:

This indicator reflects the capacity of environment to disperse wastes and to contribute to

ensure the fish well-being. It particularly refers to the marine current velocity. Coupled with the

depth and velocity of solid particles falling, this indicator provides information of the capacity

of the water column to disperse wastes and other solid particles such as uneaten feed and animal

releases.

Calculation method:

Current meter used under the cage net and with regards to the main direction

Reference point (Yes/No): 0.3m/sec


V0.3msc & V0.5m/sec

Data sources: Producers and competent supervisory services

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Code: P2C5 -23

Principle: Respect the ecological services of ecosystem

Criterion: Trophic conditions

Indicator: Dissolved oxygen concentration

Explanation:

The dissolved oxygen concentration is an indicator of the state of the environment and

its carrying capacity. Respiration is the metabolic process that supplies energy to the fish which

consumes oxygen and allow aerobic degradation of organic matter (fish waste and uneaten

feed). It is deemed that oxygen plays a key role in the capacity of fish to eat and the water

capacity to degrade organic matters

Calculation method:

Dissolved oxygen is measured by a specific electrode or by the winkler method.

The status of the aquatic environment is also reflected by the oxygen saturation percentage

which is calculated as follow:

%Oxygen Saturation = (Dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/l) × 100)/ (Dissolved oxygen

concentration (mg/l) for a given temperature and salinity as measured in Situ).

The sampling should be done each day before and after feeding the fish on a depth of 6meters

at the center of concession and in the fourth boundary and in a reference point 500m far from

the boundary of the site.

Reference point: 5mg/l


≥5 mg/l

≤5 mg/l & ≥4 mg/l

‹ 4mg/l

Data sources: Farmers

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SOCIAL DIMENSION

Social Indicator 1

Code: P1C2I2

Principle: Contribution to food security and healthy nutritional needs

Criterion: Accessibility of products for local consumers

Indicator: Share of aquaculture in the apparent consumption

Explanation:

This indicator measures the contribution of aquaculture to satisfy food needs in marine animals

for the Tunisian population. The degree of aquaculture development and sustainability could

be deduced from the evolution of this indicator in the medium and long term.

Calculation method:

Share of aquaculture in the apparent consumption = AQP / (CFP + AQP + IMP-EXP)

Where:

AQP: Aquaculture production

CFP: Capture fisheries production

IMP: Imports by weight for human consumption

EXP: Exports by weight

Data sources:

The data needed for the construction of this indicator are very well known and available in the

DGPA

Reference point:

This indicator could be compared to the worldwide share of aquaculture in the Total production

of the sector (fisheries and aquaculture) without China is about 25%. The minimum limit for

this indicator could be the percentage projected for aquaculture (10%) in the latest Tunisian

development plan.

≥ 25 %

Between 10 % - 25 %

< 10 %

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Social Indicator 2

Code: New

Principle: Consolidation of the integration of aquaculture in local development

Criterion: Level of contribution to employment and poverty eradication

Indicator: Graduated-to-staff ratio (in %)

Explanation:

It is the ratio between the number of graduated staff (engineers, technicians, managers, etc.)

and the total number of employees.

The use of specialized staff has become a necessity or an imperative for any company that wants

to maintain or improve its position both on the local and international markets. Indeed, the

specific techniques of fish farming and marketing programs, exploration, production

management, innovation and research and development should be applied and managed

professionally by managers who acquired in high universities and institutes the know-how and

the technical expertise that enable them to provide the necessary advices.

Calculation Method:

Graduated-to-staff ratio = (Number of graduated / total number of employees) * 100

Data sources:

The data needed for the construction of this indicator are very well known and available in the

competent authority (DGPA) and aquaculture enterprises

Reference point:

Currently there are no reference points. A statistical analysis of historical data series is required

to apply the "traffic light approach". The reference point may be defined in terms of the median

value of the data series.

> Median

= Median

< Median

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GOVERNANCE DIMENSION

Governance Indicator 1

Code: New

Principle: Strengthen risk assessment and crisis management capabilities

Criterion: Level of property rights over production sites

Indicator: Existence of national legislation on AZA: % of aquaculture allocated zones

Explanation:

To ensure a place for aquaculture in the management plans for Integrated Coastal Zone

Management (ICZM), there exists an exclusive occupancy plan for aquaculture projects. The

aim to define an allocation plan of aquaculture zones is to protect aquaculture projects and

ensure their sustainability.

Calculation method:

Yes or No

If Yes, % of aquaculture allocated zones = (Aquaculture reserved area / total marine area

occupied by farms)*100

Data sources:

Information available at the competent supervisory services (DGPA)

Reference point:

According to the Tunisian law of 94-13 of 31/01/1994 and Ministerial decision of September

1995 the aquaculture marine area have a special right of use of the marine space which could

be assimilated to an AZA. The licenses allocated to each farm allow it to have priority in a

specific area.

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APPENDIX 3

PICTURES OF THE DIFFERENT STEPS OF THE PILOT STUDY

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