Independent India & Pakistan

2011

Partition of South Asia

Pakistan divided by 2,000 miles National Symbol of India

The Largest Democracy in the world!

India a Parliamentary Democracy

Prime MinisterSingh

• Today the PM of India is a Sikh, M. Singh.

• Political party that wins the majority of seats in the Parliament chose the Prime Minister!

• Coalitions are often needed to gain power to chose the Prime Minister.

India’s Parliament

1950- New government faced many problems.

• Had to establish own economy, improve education, agriculture etc.

• At first established a “Socialist Economy”- the government owned most business.

Education

•Only 10% of population was literate at time of Independence•Less than half of all children went to school.

AgricultureThe Green and White Revolution that made India Self-sufficient in food.

Prime Minister Nehru 1947 and 1962.

•He remains a legendary and much-loved figure in his country's early history

•Nehru is known as the architect of modern India.

•1964: Light goes out in India as Nehru dies

Economic Changes

• Rajiv Gandhi, Indira son, was elected to replace his mother in 1984.

• He began leading in a direction significantly different from his mother's socialism.

• He begins to “open” the economy to foreign trade and allowing more individual ownership of businesses and economic resources.

New Liberalization Plan 1990s

• 1990s-Indian leaders realized that the “closed economy-socialist” wasn’t working

• The economy is opened to foreign investments, and more individuals own business and factories such as control of the TV stations.

• Now Cable TV with access to western media • Rate of economic growth - 6.8 % • American companies & “outsource”-software

services to India- providing jobs for educated Indians.

Foreign companies in India

India’ Business Giants!

Outsourcing American jobs

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan

DOB08/14/1947

History• Achieved independence in 1947 from

India after a brutal civil war.• West and East Pakistan was created.• West & East Pakistan fought a war in

1971, and Bangladesh was born as result. India supported East Pakistan.

• Now we have Pakistan, Bangladesh and India

General Information• Population 184.7 million• Religion Islam• Education 46.6 % adult literacy- There is no

formal education system in country!!• Languages Urdu , Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi,

Balochi, Arabic • Provinces Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Khyber

Pashtun Khoa• President : Asif Ali Zardari

Kashmir Region

Why are they fighting over Kashmir?

• Both India and Pakistan claim the Himalayan region of Kashmir!

• The headwaters of the Indus River are located in Kashmir. Beautiful Mountains area!

• Kashmir is predominately Muslim. The ruler of Kashmir fled to India and agreed to place Kashmir under Indian rule.

• Pakistan & India have gone to war 3 times, now area is split between the 2 countries.

Livelihood

Leaders of Pakistan

Corrupt leaders; political instability & dictatorships

• History of leaders were either military dictatorships or so called democracies.

• Many say all of these leaders are corrupt and none of them help the people of Pakistan. Very poor country, no education system, weak infrastructure etc.

• President Zardari is called Mr. 10%- he gets 10% of everything!!!