Independet Musik

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Independent music



Batasan

In popular music, independent music, often

abbreviated as indie, is a term used to describe

independence from major commercial record labels

and an autonomous, do-it-yourself approach torecording and publishing. Dalam terminologi pop -

musik,indie digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan sikap

otonom dan independen dari major label,misalnya

memproduksi dan mempublikasikan musik secaramandiri



Sejarah

Independent labels have a long history of promotingdevelopments in popular music, stretching back to thepost-war period in the United States, with labels suchas Sun Records. Sejarah panjang indie di USA

In the United Kingdom during the 1950s and 1960s, themajor record companies had so much power thatindependent labels struggled to become established.Several British producers and artists launchedindependent labels as outlets for their work and artists

they liked, but the majority failed as commercialventures or were swallowed up by the majors.Kegagalan pemasaran indie di UK, sekalipun tahun1950-1960 sudah mulai dilakukan.



Lanjutan

The punk rock era saw a plethora of

independent labels. The UK Indie Chart, was

first compiled in 1980, and independent

distribution became better organized from the

late 1970s onwards. Pada era 1970 an

distribusi indie mulai terorganisir secara baik.



Indie dan Teknologi

Internet technology allows artists to introduce theirmusic to a potentially enormous audience at low costwithout necessarily affiliating with a major recordinglabel. Industri indie terbantu internet untuk melakukan

publikasi berbagai karya mereka The design of digital music software encourages the

discovery of new music. Sites with larger libraries of songs are the most successful. This, in turn, createsmany opportunities for independent bands. Kemajuan

digital musik juga mempermudah dan memperkayapenemuan jenis musik baru, sementara itu indie band

juga mempunyai kesempatan memperkenalkankaryanya



Lanjutan.

Royalties from digital services could prove to be an

important source of income. Persoalan royalti juga

mulai menjadi sumber pemasukan yang berguna

If an artist has already paid to record, manufacture,and promote their album, there is little to no

additional cost for independent artists to distribute

their music online. Jika artis pada major label butuh

biaya untuk promo dlsb agak berbeda dengan artis

indie



Lanjutan

Digital services offer the opportunity of exposure tonew fans and the possibility of increased sales throughonline retailers. Artists can also release music morefrequently and quickly if it is made available online.Lewat layanan digital artis mempunyai kesempatanmerelease musik lebih sering dan cepat

Artists have the option of releasing limited edition, out-of-print, or live material that would be too costly to

produce through traditional means. Artis mempunyaicukup pilihan untuk merelease album dalam edisiterbatas



Lanjutan.

With the arrival of newer and relatively inexpensiverecording devices and instruments, more individualsare able to participate in the creation of music thanever before. Semakin banyak pihak secara peroranganberkesempatan untuk berkreasi dibidang musik

Studio time is extremely expensive and difficult toobtain. The result of new technology is that anyone canproduce studio-quality music from their own home.

Teknologi baru memungkinkan setiap orang membuatstudio dan musik yang berkualitas secara mandiri. RCMsampai menangani video klip artis



Lanjutan.

The development of new technology allows for

greater experimentation with sound. Semakin

banyak pilihan untuk menentukan jenis sound yang

baik karena teknologi memungkinkan hal tersebut(berbagai jenis sample sound)

An artist is able to experiment without necessarily

spending the money to do it in an expensive studio.

Artis tentu saja diuntungkan dengan sedikitnya biaya

yang harus dikeluarkan



Lanjutan

Most artists maintain their own websites as

well as having a presence on sites such as

Myspace.com. Technological advances such as

message boards, music blogs, and social

networks are also being used by independent

music companies to make big advances in the

business. Cara artis mempromosikan dirimenjadi lebih bervariasi blogs,networking dlsb



Lanjutan..

Some sites rely on audience participation to rate aband, allowing listeners to have a significant impact onthe success of a band. This eliminates new talentsearch and development, one of the most costly areasof the music business. Menggunakan situs untukmenggalang audiens berpartisipasi dalam komunitaspecinta musik/band tertentu

Other sites allow artists to upload their music and sell

it at a price of their choosing. Visitors to the site canbrowse by genre, listen to free samples, view artistinformation, and purchase the tracks they want to buy



Lanjutan.

Digital marketing firms such as CDBaby, Magnatuneand iTunes offer opportunities such as podcast creationand promotion and video hosting.In the case of digitaldistribution, musicians lend a company the right todistribute their music

The contract is often non-exclusive, and the rights tothe music generally remain with the artist, The non-exclusivity of the contract allows many artists to have

an online presence while continuing to sell directlythrough their local independent music stores.



Major versus Indie

Some bands choose to never go to a major label

even if they are given the opportunity to do so.

Similarly, others may choose to be an independent

artist after having already experienced recording on amajor label. Beberapa band memilih tidak masuk ke

major label sekalipun mempunyai kesempatan,

sebaliknya ada yang meilih indie setelah mendapat

pengalaman di major label

As an independent, business is a prime concern and

can take over if not controlled



Lanjutan.

If a band moves to a major label, it does notnecessarily guarantee the band's success. Onlyabout 1 in 10 CDs released by major labels make

any profit for the label. Masuk ke major labelbukan jaminan untuk sukses

It is possible for an artist to make more moneyproducing and promoting their own CDs than

signing with a major label. However, anindependent label that is creatively productive isnot necessarily financially lucrative.



Lanjutan.

Independent labels are often one-or two-personoperations with almost no outside assistance andrun out of tiny offices.This lack of resources canmake it extremely difficult for a band to makerevenue from sales. Indie label biasa dikelola olehpersonil yang terbatas dari sisi jumlah

Some major labels have created an opportunityfor Independent artists to be features on a

distributed/ marketed CD project with no stringsattached in an effort to help boost awareness of the Independent Music community



Lanjutan.

One thing an artist can consider doing if they want tobe noticed by a major label is starting their ownindependent label. Indie label seringkali menjadipijakan awal sebelum masuk ke major label

A successful independent label with a strong musicalreputation can be very appealing to a major label.Major labels rely on independent labels to stay currentwithin the ever-changing music scene. Independentlabels are often very good at discovering local talent

and promoting specialized genres. Musisi/band lokalberbakat dengan genre khusus biasanya ditemukanlewat jalur indie



Lanjutan..

The difference among various independent labelslies with distribution, probably the mostimportant aspect of running a label. A major-label

distributed independent label allows theindependent label to find, sign, and record theirown artists

The independent label has a contract with a

major label for promotion and distribution. Insome cases, the major label also manufacturesand releases the album



Lanjutan.

Independent labels that are owned by a major

label distribute their records through

independent distributors but are not purely

independent. A purely independent label is

not affiliated with a major label in any way .

Their records are distributed through

independent distributors.



Lanjutan.

It can be very difficult for indie bands to sign on arecord label that may not be familiar with their specificstyle. It can take years of dedicated effort, self-promotion, and rejections before landing a contract

with either an independent or major record label.Kelompok musik yang tidak mempunyai gaya spesifikuntuk menekan kontrak dengan industri rekaman

Bands that are ready to go this route need to be surethey are prepared both in terms of the music they offer

as well as their realistic expectations for success. Thethree main ways for an artist to make money arerecord deals, touring, and publishing rights.





Lanjutan

However, before they can gain any royalties,

the advance must be paid back in full to the

record label. Since only the most successful

artists recoup production and marketing costs,

an unsuccessful artist's debt carries over to

their next album, meaning that they see little

to no royalties.



Lanjutan..

Major label advances are generally much

larger than independent labels can offer. If an

independent label is able to offer an advance,

it will most like be somewhere in the range of

$5,000-$125,000. On the other hand, major

labels are able to offer artists advances in the

range of $150,000-$300,000.



Lanjutan.

Some independent labels agree to pay for acertain amount of the artist's recording costs.This money is recoupable. There are advantages

and disadvantages of an advance. If an artist getsno advance, that means they owe their recordcompany less money, thus allowing them to earnroyalties more quickly. However, since the label

recoups so many costs, an artist's advance mightbe the only money they are able to make forquite some time



Lanjutan

In a contract, options are agreed upon. Options allowthe label to renew their contract with the artist andrelease more of their albums. Options lie with thelabel, and the label has the choice whether or not torecord more with the artist

Some artists consider this unfair because the label hasthe right to not distribute an artist's project and extendtheir contract by one more album if they deem the

music as commercially or artistically unacceptable.Record labels effectively own the artist's product forthe duration of their contract



Independent label contracts

Many times, a deal from an independent label is quitesimilar to that of a major label. In cases where anindependent label is distributed by a major label, theindependent label itself will have to have a major-labeldeal

In this case, the independent label would want to besure that their contract with their artists covers thesame issues as the independent's own contract with

the major label. In other cases, independent labelsoffer similar contracts to major labels because theywant to look more professional



Lanjutan.

An independent label that thinks it will eventuallybe dealing frequently with major labels will havea similar contract in order to avoid having to

redraft contracts in the future. There are alsoplenty of cases in which independent labels havecontracts that do not resemble major labelcontracts in any way. In general, independent

labels that are not affiliated with a major labelare more willing to take chances and are able tobe more flexible in their deals.



Lanjutan.

Some independent labels offer a royalty rate

of 10-15% like the major labels, it is becoming

increasingly more common for independent

labels to offer a profit-sharing deal in which as

much as 40-75% of the net profits go to the

artist. In this type of contract, the net gain

after all expenses have been taken out aresplit between the label and artist by a

negotiated percentage.





Touring

When a band goes on tour, it may or may not

have the financial backing of its label. An artist

receives a fixed fee or a percentage of the

tickets sold by the venue owner or promoter.

Touring is an expensive process. A moderate

estimate of touring costs with a bus and small

crew can easily reach $20,000 a week



Lanjutan

If an artist tours with the support of their

label, the expenses are all recoupable, thus

potentially increasing a band's debt. Many

successful bands tour without the support of

their label so that they can keep all of their

touring revenue. An independent band would

have more difficulty than a highly successfulone in being self-sufficient on tour.



Publishing

If a band or artist writes their own material, publishingcan be one of the best ways to earn a profit. It is one of the few guaranteed ways to earn revenue for artists.Even touring is not a sure way to make money becauseit is possible that no one will attend the shows

Basic copyright law protects songwriters by giving themexclusive rights to grant or deny the reproduction,distribution, or performance of their work. The

majority of a band's publishing income comes from itsmechanical and performance rights



Lanjutan

Mechanical rights cover the reproduction of asong on a record. In the standard contractbetween a band and a label, the label is required

by law to pay the composer a fixed rate per songsimply for the right to use the composition oncommercially sold recordings. The mechanicallicensing rate in 2006 for the U.S. and Canada is

9.1 cents per song. With the performance rights,a song's copyright covers every time it appears onradio and television.



Lanjutan

If an artist prefers to receive up-front money for their songsinstead of waiting for the money to come in over time, itcan choose to assign its copyright to a music publisher.

The music publisher pays a cash advance for what they

decide is the value of the copyright. It is common for aband to sign a copublishing deal. This means that thepublisher offers the artist an advance in exchange for half the publishing income. When the advance is paid back, themusic publisher retains 25% of the income. Since an artisthas no guarantees whether or not their song will be

popular, some may prefer to have a cash advance thatguarantees them money regardless of how well the songdoes.



Lanjutan.

Increasingly the internet is making new

methods of publication accessible to

independent musicians. Services have been

set up to distribute independent music over

the internet with many different types of

payment models. This often allows artists to

reach a much wider audience then wouldnormally be possible as a local band

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Independet Musik

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