339
Index
Index of Personal Names
Abu Bakr (Caliph), 57Agamemnon, 270Agesilaus, 271, 272Agrippa von Nettesheim, Heinrich Cornelius, 159Ahluwalia, Montek Singh, 120Akbar (the Great), 32, 61–63, 76, 83Alamán, Lucás, 201al-Barani, Zia al-Din, 51, 56, 59, 60al-Bilgrami, Ghulam Ali Azad, 51, 56, 65–67, 69Alcmene, 271, 272Alexander (the Great), 31, 57, 59, 62, 85, 86, 107, 193, 322al-Fadl, Jamal al-Din Abu, 54, 72al-Farabi, Abu Nasr, 59al-Farahidi, al-Khalil ibn Ahmad, 54al-Fazl, Abu, 62al-Jabarti, Abd al-Rahman, 54al-Kindi, Abu Ya’qub, 59al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, 61, 65al-Tahanawi, Muhammad Ala ibn Ali, 54al-Tusi, Nasir al-Din, 51, 56Alyattes, 268al-Zabidi, Murtaza, 54Ambedkar, Bhimrao Ramji, 127, 133–135, 328Anquetil-Duperron, Abraham Hyacinthe, 75Anushriwan, 59Apollo, 261Appadurai, Arjun, 321, 330Aristotle, 59, 60, 192, 288Ascham, Roger, 88Ashoka, 31, 32, 47, 48, 85, 98, 100–102, 106, 121, 327,
331Aulus Gellius, 253Aurangzeb, 32, 33, 61, 64, 74, 109, 114Awliya, Nizam al-Din, 56, 60
Baber / Babur, 32, 58, 76, 77, 87Balban, 58Barnier, François, 75Basham, Arthur Llewellyn, 23, 108Basu, Ramram, 83Beatus Rhenanus, 253Beaufort, Louis de, 255Becker, Marshall J., 224
Bhatta, Bana, 48Blavatsky, Petrowna, 113Boeckh, August, 256, 305Bolívar, Simón, 196, 198Bonaparte. See Napoleon BonaparteBose, Subhas Chandra, 36Bourdieu, Pierre, 127, 129, 130, 145, 333Brasidas, 266Brasseur de Bourbourg, Charles Etienne, 197, 201Buddha, 46–48, 99, 327Buffon, Compte de, 194Burgoa, Fray Francisco de, 174Bustamente, Carlos María de, 192, 197, 199
Caldwell, Robert, 112Carrillo Puerto, Felipe, 241Carrillo y Ancona, Crescencio, 203, 205Casaús Arzú, Marta Elena, 247Caso, Alfonso, 165, 170, 171Catherwood, Frederick, 220Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 16, 19, 319–322Chalchiuhtlicue, 162Chandragupta (Gupta), 85Chandragupta (Maurya), 31, 81, 85Charlemagne, 185Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero), 278Cihuacoatl, 164Cimon, 272, 273Clavijero, Francisco Javier, 195Clive, Robert, 87Colebrooke, Henry Thomas, 82, 83Columbus, Christopher, 152, 154, 231Cortés, Hernán, 153Cowasji, Framaji, 84Creuzer, Friedrich Georg, 255Croce, Benedetto, 129, 131Croesus, 265Cruz, Sor Juana Inés de la, 217Cuauhtemoc, 191, 198Curzon, George Nathaniel, 34Cyrus, 86
Dara Shiko, 64Darwin, Charles, 204Deb, Radhakant, 84Diderot, Denis, 76Disraeli, Benjamin, 190Dominicus, Saint. See Saint DominicusDow, Alexander, 75–77, 79Droysen, Johann Gustav, 305
340
Index
Duff, James Grant, 115Dundas, Henry, 82Durán, Fray Diego de, 159, 160, 192
Elpenor, 261Elphinstone, Montstuart, 84, 85, 88Emmenes, 261Erasmus, Charles, 227Evers, Hans-Dieter, 144
Ferishta, 75Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés, Gonzalo, 196Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 299Friedrichsthal, Baron Emanuel von, 201Fronto (Marcus Cornelius Fronto), 253Füssli, Johann Heinrich, 18, 281, 283–288, 295
Gamio, Manuel, 223Gandhi, Indira, 114, 118, 119Gandhi, Monhandas Karamchand (Mahatma), 34–
35, 100, 115, 121Ganesh, 115García, Friar Gregorio, 165Gellner, Ernest, 85Gesner, Johann Matthias, 255Gibbon, Edward, 74–76, 78, 81, 84, 86, 255Gibson, Mel, 244Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 286, 294, 304Gokhale, Gopal Krishna, 34, 143Golwalkar, Madhav Sadashiv, 110Goody, Jack, 19, 319, 321–323Gopal, Sarvepalli, 135Gottlob, Michael, 23, 34, 37, 80, 86Guru Nanak, 116, 119
Haeckel, Ernst, 113Hagnon, 266, 270Hale, Charles, 247Halhed, Nathaniel, 79, 80Hammond, Norman, 220, 225Hanuman, 115, 140Harshavardhana, 47Hastings, Warren, 77–80, 88Heeren, Arnold H.L., 255, 256Herakles, 271Herder, Johann Gottfried, 307, 311Herodotus, 18, 254, 255, 259, 264–271, 273, 274, 276,
323, 328Herrmann, Gottfried, 256Heyne, Christian Gottlob, 255, 256, 298, 305
Hidalgo, Miguel, 192Hippias, 273Homer, 185, 261, 264, 265, 267, 268, 274, 275, 282, 289,
290, 293, 294Hordjedef, 271Houston, Stephen D., 174, 226Humayun, Nasir du-Din Muhammad, 32, 76Humboldt, Alexander von, 205, 206, 333Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 18, 254, 255, 286, 297–313,
333Huntington, Samuel, 40
Ibn Sina, 59Inomata, Takeshi, 226Itzcoatl, 163
Jagannath, 106Jahangir, 32, 48, 61, 83Jesus Christ, 64, 196, 214Jinnah, Mohammed Ali, 35Jones, William, 77, 80–88, 330
Kallikles, 262Karunanidhi, Muthuvel, 113, 114Khilji, Ala al-Din, 57–59Khusrau, Amir, 51, 56–60, 64, 69King Arthur, 185Kirchhoff, Paul, 149Kopf, David, 82–84, 109Korff, Rüdiger, 144Krishna, 110, 115Kulke, Hermann, 29, 77
Lady 1 Death, 182Lady 3 Flint, 173Lady 4 Rabbit, 178, 179, 183Lady 6 Monkey, 184, 217Lady 6 Water, 182, 183Lady 9 Reed, 170, 174–177Lakshmi, 115Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste de, 204Landa, Fray Diego de, 159León y Gama, Antonio de, 163Lichas, 270, 271Livy (Titus Livius Patavinus), 255Lodi, Ibrahim, 32Lord 4 Water, 183Lord 5 Alligator, 173, 174Lord 5 Flower, 178, 179, 183Lord 8 Deer ‘Jaguar Claw’, 165, 174, 184, 185, 217
341
Personal Names
Lord 9 Serpent, 183Lord 12 Movement, 174Lord Eagle, 183Lord Sun, 179Lucian of Samosata, 18, 281, 283, 289–295Lucretius (Titus Lucretius Carus), 275
Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 84–89, 325Mahavira, 47, 327Mahmud of Ghazni, 31, 59, 135Maistre, Joseph de, 199Makha, Mohammed Ibrahim, 84Malcolm, John, 84Manela, Erez, 34Mann, Michael, 29, 37Mathewson, Kent, 220, 224Mayhew, Henry, 205McAnany, Patricia, 227Mehta, Pherozeshah, 34Mier, Fray Servando Teresa de, 196, 198Mill, James, 23, 41, 84–86, 88, 89, 325, 334, 335Moctezuma I, 193Moctezuma II, 164, 165Momigliano, Arnaldo, 49, 255Mommsen, Theodor, 281, 282Montejo, Francisco de, 203Montejo, Victor, 246, 247Montesquieu, Charles Louis Sécondat Baron de, 75,
86, 255Mora, José María Luis, 199–204More, Thomas, 88Morelos, José María, 191, 192Morley, Sylvanus G., 34, 220, 225, 226, 234, 235, 244Motolinia (Fray Toribio de Benavente), 159Muhammad, 51–56, 61–63, 66–68Müller, Friedrich Max, 30, 34, 107Munro, Thomas, 84Münzel, Mark, 232
Nanak. See Guru NanakNapoleon Bonaparte, 82, 88, 257, 309, 311Nehru, Jawaharlal, 29, 30, 35, 98–102, 111, 127, 128,
132, 135–145, 325, 327–329Niethammer, Friedrich Immanuel, 301Nietzsche, Friedrich, 282, 313Nizami, 52, 57, 61Nowotny, Karl Anton, 159, 160
Orestes, 270, 271Oudijk, Michel, 179
Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso), 274–277
Pandey, Gyanendra, 144, 145Pandion, 277Patel, Vallabhbhai, 100, 138Patroclus, 261Patterson, Thomas C., 219, 225Pauw, Cornelius de, 194, 195Paz, Octavio, 217Pericles, 269Pheidolaüs, 271Pindar, 261–263, 268, 269Pittheus, 276Plato, 64, 273Plutarch, 271–273Pollock, Harry E. D., 222Prinsep, James, 85Propertius (Sextus Aurelius Propertius), 278Pulavar, Umaru, 67Pythagoras, 275–278
Queen Victoria, 33Quetzalcóatl, 173, 196, 197
Radhakanta, Sharman, 81Ram Dass, 115Rama, 46, 66, 110, 115Ramachandran, Maradur Gopalan, 113Ramapala, 48Ramarao, Nandamuri Taraka, 114Ramírez, Ignacio, 199Ramlochan, 81Raynal, Abbé, 194Reyes, Fray Antonio de los, 174Robert, Hubert, 268, 285Robertson, William, 194Rothermund, Dietmar, 29, 32Roy, Ram Mohan, 83Ruiz de Alarcón, Hernando, 159Ruiz Ortiz, Victor Hugo, 217Rüsen, Jörn, 52Ruz L., Alberto, 225
Sahagún, Fray Bernardino de, 159, 161Saint Dominicus, 185Saint Thomas (Apostle), 196Salinas de Gortari, Carlos, 236Salmanazar, 192Samudragupta, 48Sandhyakara Nandin, 48
342
Index
Sandrocottas. See Chandragupta (Maurya)Satan, 58, 215Savarkar, Vinayak Damodar, 110Schackt, Jon, 239Schele, Linda, 243, 331Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph, 299Schiller, Friedrich, 286, 294, 302, 311Schlegel, August Wilhelm, 255Schlegel, Friedrich, 255, 281, 288, 289, 293, 294Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 299Scrafton, Luke, 77Seler, Eduard, 160Sen, Ram Camul, 84Seneca (Lucius Annaeus Seneca), 275, 276, 278Seybold, David Christoph, 294Shah Jahan, 32, 64Shah, Mohammed, 77Shah, Muhammed Qasim Hindu, 75Shah, Nadir, 77Shet, Jaganath Shankar, 84Shivaji, Bhonsla, 32, 109, 114, 115Shook, Edwin, 222Shore, John (1st Baron Teignmouth), 81Sierra O’Reilly, Justo, 201, 203Sigüenza y Góngora, Carlos de, 192Simonides, 263, 269, 274Sindi, Muhammad Hayat, 65Singh Bhindranwale, Jarnail, 119Singh, Giani Zail, 119Singh, Gobind, 116, 119Singh, Man Mohan, 120Singh, Ranjit, 117–119Sirhindi, Ahmad, 51, 56, 62, 64Smith, Nathaniel, 78Smith, Vincent A., 35Socrates, 273, 274Solon, 273Solórzano Pereira, Juan, 192Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty, 136, 320, 321, 330Stein, Burton, 29, 31–33, 76Stephens, John L., 201, 220Stewart, Charles, 83Stobaeus, 274Subrahmanyam, Sanjay, 57, 61, 62, 321, 322Sulpicius Rufus (Servius Sulpicius Rufus), 278
Tabatabai, Sied Gholam Hossein Khan, 77, 80Tacitus (Publius Cornelius Tacitus), 255Taylor, Walter, 222Theocritus, 271
Theodosius, 87Theophrastus, 282, 283, 288Theseus, 272Thierry, Augustin, 190Thomas, Saint. See Saint Thomas (Apostle)Thompson, J. Eric S., 220, 224–226, 243, 244Thoth, 197Thrasyboulos, 262Thucydides, 18, 254, 255, 259, 266–270, 273, 274, 277Tilak, Bal Gangadhar, 34, 35, 115Timur, 76Tohil, 161Tonatiuh, 163Torquemada, Juan de, 193Toynbee, Arnold Joseph, 40Trevelyan, Charles Edward, 86Tughluq, Muhammad, 60Turner, Victor, 163Tut Anch Amun, 169
Umar (Caliph), 59
Velásquez, Father Vicente María, 197Verma, Vandana, 34, 37Vidyalankar, Mrtyunjay, 83Villa Rojas, Alfonso, 235Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro), 185Virgin (Mary), 185, 214Vishnu, 43Voltaire, François Marie Arouet, 75, 86Voss, Johann Heinrich, 255
Warden, Francis, 84Webster, David, 225Wellesley, Richard Marquess of, 82, 83Wieland, Christoph Martin, 286, 294Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, Ulrich von, 281, 282Wilkins, Charles, 79, 80Willey, Gordon R., 152, 153, 221, 225Wilson, Horace Hayman, 83, 85, 88Wilson, Richard, 240Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 256, 286, 304, 333Wolf, Friedrich August, 255, 256, 286, 305
Xiuhtecuhtli, 162Xochiquetzal, 163
Yashar, Deborah, 232, 245
Zeno, 275
343
Geographical Names
Index of Geographical Names
Acatepec, 174, 181Achaia, 275, 276Aegina, 278Afghanistan, 24, 31, 32, 132Africa, 52, 113, 192, 321Agra, 32Akragas, 261Alexandria, 253Allahabad, 48, 85Amazonia, 197America, 87, 152–154, 158, 191–198, 206, 225, 231,
232, 254, 331Amphipolis, 266, 267, 270Amritsar, 119Andhra Pradesh, 93, 114, 123Angsi Glacier, 26Antigua, 242Antissa, 276Apoala, 169, 174Arabic Sea, 23Arcadia, 86Arcady, 270Argentina, 199Asia, 40, 42, 59, 75, 76, 80, 85, 86, 98, 192, 198, 275,
321Assyria, 34, 192Athens, 253, 266–269, 277, 329Atlantis, 112, 192, 201Auerstedt, 309Ayodhya, 36, 45
Babylon, 120, 193, 256Baghdad, 58Baluchistan, 112Bangladesh, 26, 27, 36Bavaria, 256, 301Belize, 151, 157, 227, 232, 243, 244Bengal, 23, 26, 27, 33, 36, 67, 73, 76, 78–84, 106–109,
111Berlin, 254, 256, 299Bihar, 106, 108Boeotia, 272Bombay, 34, 84, 115Brahmaputra, 26, 108Britain. See Great BritainBuris, 276Byzantium, 291
Cairo, 62Calcutta, 34, 80–83, 107, 108Calicut, 26Campeche (state), 232–234, 236–238, 242Cancún, 242Cecrops, 277Central America, 149, 158, 225, 226Central Asia, 24, 59, 76, 98Chalcatongo, 217Chenes Region, 234, 236–238Chiapas, 152, 237, 242Chichén Itzá, 233, 235China, 23, 24, 41, 42, 77, 86, 254, 259, 260, 321Cholula, 160Cobá, 235Colombia, 173Copan, 221Corinth, 278Coromandel Coast, 26Costa Rica, 173Crete, 260Cyprus, 86
Deccan, 24, 26, 66, 82, 114Delhi, 16, 26, 27, 31–33, 35, 51, 56–60, 89, 102, 116,
120, 127, 128, 132, 134–144, 325Delos, 269Delphi, 262, 270, 271Dresden, 282
East India, 191Egypt, 23, 30, 34, 54, 61, 82, 85, 86, 112, 169, 192, 196,
197, 201, 220, 224, 254, 256, 259, 261–263, 265, 266, 271, 272, 278, 324
El Mirador, 239El Salvador, 149, 151, 232, 244England. See Great BritainEurope, 15–19, 23, 27–34, 37–42, 52, 64–67, 73–77, 79,
80, 83–89, 99, 103, 105, 108, 111, 123, 150–154, 158–160, 163, 170, 185, 189, 192–195, 202, 204–207, 211–214, 222, 223, 231, 232, 243, 253–260, 299, 305, 312, 313, 319–326, 329–335
Fort William, 77, 82France, 18, 82, 190, 205, 206, 257, 310, 311, 324, 333
Ganga / Ganges (river), 24, 26, 61Geneva, 216
344
Index
Germany, 18, 36, 68, 107, 113, 185, 205–207, 244, 253–257, 281, 282, 285–288, 294, 297–299, 303, 310-313, 323, 333-335
Ghats, 26, 114Goa, 120Godaveri (river), 26Golconda Coast, 26Göttingen, 255, 298, 304Great Britain, 33, 36, 73, 76, 79–85, 87–89, 107, 108,
127, 135, 144, 151, 190, 205, 206, 325, 327, 330, 331Greece, 23, 35, 49, 58, 79, 85–88, 185, 253, 259, 263,
265–268, 272, 297, 298, 300, 302–306, 309–313, 329, 333
Guatemala, 18, 151, 157, 161, 227, 231–233, 239–247, 331, 333
Guerrero, 149, 212Gujarat, 27, 109
Haliartus, 271, 272Halle, 256Harappa, 26, 35Haryana, 118Helice, 276Hellas. See GreeceHimachal Pradesh, 118Himalaya, 23, 24, 110, 116Hindostan / Hindustan, 35, 75, 76, 82, 86, 87, 100Hindukush, 23Honduras, 149, 151, 157, 227, 232, 244Hyderabad, 27, 33, 114
India, 16–18, 23–37, 39–49, 51–69, 73–89, 93–124, 127–145, 192, 256, 319, 320, 322, 324–331, 334
Indian Ocean, 23, 110Indonesia, 52Indus (river), 24, 26, 29, 30, 35, 111, 112, 121Intermediate Area (Lower Central America), 149Iran, 24, 56Isfahan, 62Istanbul, 62Italy, 195, 276, 329
Jena, 309, 310
Karakorum, 23Kaveri (river), 26Kehyik-anyi, 169Korea, 254Krisa, 262Krishna (river), 26
Labná, 222, 233Latin America, 154, 189, 190, 191, 199, 205–207, 211,
226, 231, 245Lempa (river), 149Lemuria, 113, 121Leucas, 276London, 244, 254Lugdunum, 275, 276
Macedonia, 275Madras, 34, 84, 113Mahanadi (river), 26Maharashtra, 32, 93, 109, 112, 114–116Mantova, 254Maya Lowlands, 220, 239Mecca, 54, 65, 66Medina, 65, 68Mediterranean, 18, 185, 193, 197, 254, 257, 323, 329Megara, 278Mehrauli, 143Mérida, 204, 233, 236, 242Mesoamerica, 14–19, 37, 76, 149–154, 157–186, 191,
196, 211–218, 219–227, 231–247, 319, 320, 324–326, 328, 329, 331–333
Mesopotamia, 23, 30, 259Mexico
Central Mexico, 154, 157, 158, 162, 193, 238Gulf Lowlands, Southern (of Mexico), 149Mexico (country), 17, 18, 149–154, 165, 169, 189–
207, 211–218, 223, 225–227, 232, 240, 244, 245, 247
Mexico, Valley of, 192, 197Mexico City, 163, 164, 180, 213Middle East, 23, 313Mixtec Region, 169, 183Mohenjo Daro, 26, 35Monte Albán, 149, 157, 169–176, 179–184Mumbai, 26Munich, 254Mycenae, 267, 277Mysore, 27, 33
Near East, 254, 332Nepal, 36New Spain, Viceroyalty of, 150, 191, 193, 194New World. See AmericaNorth America, 149, 151, 207, 233, 243North West Frontier Province, 33
345
Geographical Names
OaxacaOaxaca (region), 157, 158, 169, 170, 212Oaxaca (state), 149, 242
Oaxaca City (Oaxaca de Juárez), 169, 185Orient, 40, 256, 260, 273Orissa, 103, 106, 108, 109
Paharganj, 140Pakistan, 27, 35, 36, 113, 118, 128, 132, 134, 136, 141,
142, 327Palenque, 221Panipat, 32, 84Paphos, 276Paraguay, 225Paris, 254Pataliputra / Palibotra, 81Peloponnesus, 260, 267Persia, 30, 77Peru, 173, 192Pharos, 276Piraeus, 278Prague, 254Prussia, 299–301, 309–311Puebla (state), 149, 212Pune, 84Punjab, 27, 33, 93, 106, 109, 112, 116–120, 134, 139Puuc region, 222
Qarol Bagh, 140Quintana Roo, 232, 235, 238, 239Quiriguá, 239Quisteil, 202
Rajasthan, 106Rome, 18, 35, 49, 74, 79, 86, 185, 196, 254, 277, 278,
285, 297, 298, 303, 309–312, 333Russia, 99
Salamis, 265Sayil, 222Sayoltepec, 181Sierra Madre (mountain range), 150Sindh, 31Skyros, 272Socotz, 243South Africa, 52South America, 120, 158, 196South Asia, 13–19, 23–37, 39, 40, 55, 69, 73, 74, 76, 81,
108, 109, 127, 136, 144South East Asia, 35, 98, 120
Spain, 189, 191, 193, 194, 197, 198, 206, 323, 324Sparta, 266–268, 270–274, 277Sri Lanka, 27, 36, 46, 106Sri Viyaja, 106Subzimandi, 140Sumatra, 106Sumer, 112, 120Surat, 26Syria, 275
Takya, 139Tegea, 270, 271Tenochtitlan, 164, 191–193Teotihuacan, 149, 157, 160–162, 223Teozacualco, 179, 182Thebes, 277Thermopylae, 263, 274Tibet, 24, 26Tikal, 221, 239Tilantongo, 167, 174, 182, 183Tocuisi, 179Tollan, 163Troezen, 276Troy, 261, 274, 277, 278Tulum, 235Tyre, 276
Uaxactún, 239Ulua (river), 149USA. See North AmericaUttar Pradesh, 105, 106Uxmal, 233
Vatican, 309Venice, 254Vienna, 166, 254Vindhya Mountains, 114
Xochimilco, 164
Yanhuitlan, 170, 175Yucatán (peninsula), 153, 201–203, 205, 231–235, 237,
246Yucatán (state), 192, 231, 232, 235, 237–239, 241–246,
331, 333Yucu Tuyuqh, 181Yucu Yoo. See Acatepec
Zaachila, 167, 171, 179, 183Zancle, 276
346
Index
Index of Subjects
Adab, 16, 51, 56, 59, 68, 335Adivasi, 24Aeneid, 185Aesthetics, 87, 256, 287Agriculture, 149, 150, 213, 220, 221, 225, 242, 331Akali Dal, 117–120Akhlaqi Tradition, 16, 51, 59, 61, 335All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
(AIADMK), 114, 121, 123All India Hindu Mahasabha (AIHMS), 132, 138Altertumswissenschaft, 253–256, 282, 288, 333, 335Ancestors, 15, 58, 66, 96, 192, 201, 219
Europe, 261, 271, 277Mesoamerica, 154, 157, 165–169, 173, 179–186,
196, 198, 231, 234, 235, 240–246, 328South Asia, 32, 44–48, 56, 62, 67, 95–102
Ancient Oriental Studies, 256Andhra. See Dynasty, AndhraAnglicists, 73Annadurai Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK),
113Antiquarians, 105, 254, 266,Antiquity, 13–19, 23, 34, 52, 53, 60, 64, 74, 80, 86, 89,
129, 192, 193, 206, 253–257, 259, 272, 273, 281–295, 297–313, 319–335Christian, 306Classical, 14, 16, 18, 53, 87–89, 97, 102, 112, 114,
191, 253–257, 281–295, 297–313, 320, 323, 327, 328–333
Mesoamerican, 17, 191–193, 198, 200–202, 206, 231–234, 324–326
South Asian, 17, 23, 27, 30–35, 73, 79, 81, 82– 88, 93–98, 102, 107–124, 127, 325, 327
Arab / Arabia, 41, 54Archaeological Remains, 15, 17, 29, 35, 85, 96, 111,
140, 143, 144, 149, 150–154, 158, 163, 164, 169–174, 179–184, 200, 201, 211, 214, 219–227, 238, 242, 243, 254, 256, 259–263, 266–273, 278, 279, 281–289, 328
Archaeological Studies, 17, 29, 107, 110, 152, 153, 185, 219–226, 243, 273, 274, 328, 329, 332
Archaic PeriodMayan Culture, 152Mediterranean Cultures, 254, 259, 260, 269
Archaiologia, 274
Architecture, Monumental, 15, 17, 39, 120, 127, 129, 135–143, 149, 152, 153, 157, 169–184, 201, 206, 219–227, 253, 254, 259–279, 310, 323
AristocracyEuropean, 185, 199, 298, 303, 309, 311, 328Mesoamerican, 198, 205Muslim, 60
Art, 31, 39, 95, 130, 158, 163, 169, 171–174, 214, 215, 221–223, 254, 256, 265, 286–289
Art History, 256Art Market, 233Arya Samaj, 100, 138Aryan Invasion Theory, 30, 35, 107–113, 120, 127, 134,
256Asiatic Society of Bengal, 34, 81–85, 327, 330Assami, 106, 109Assimilation, 132, 191, 197, 202, 203, 204, 216, 236,
241, 298Astronomy, 32, 43, 152, 159, 160, 235, 243, 244, 245,
326Athenian Confederation, 269Atticism, 253Aztecs, 149, 153, 154, 157, 160, 163, 193, 195, 212, 215
Babylonians, 86, 256, 261Barbarians, 18, 32, 86, 193, 203, 215, 231, 232, 264,
306, 310, 311, 323, 334Bengali, 27, 77, 80, 83, 84, 103, 106–109Bhadralok, 108, 109Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 110, 111, 118, 119, 120,
121, 330Bible, 152, 192, 196, 204, 240Bible Studies, 256Bourgeoisie
European, 18, 254, 297–313, 323, 333Mexican, 191–194, 198–202, 205–207
Brahman, 23, 58, 80, 325Brahui, 112British Crown, 33, 151British East India Company. See East India CompanyBritish India, 34, 35, 77, 117, 128British Raj, 117, 133, 144Bronze Age, 29, 321Buddhism, 31, 44, 46–48, 98–102, 106, 107, 111, 112,
118, 120, 127, 325, 327
CalendarAztec, 158, 163, 164, 179Gregorian, 152, 326Hegiran, 61
347
Subjects
Maya, 149, 152, 158, 159, 220, 235, 242–245, 326Mixtec, 174, 179Zapotec, 174
Cannibalism, 239Canon, Canonization, 13, 14, 17, 47, 52, 53, 65, 68, 69,
93–95, 253, 294, 298, 334Carians, 269Carnegie Institution of Washington, 222, 226Carthaginians, 192, 193, 197, 324Caste System
Latin America, 198, 204, 212South Asia, 107, 112, 121, 123, 134
Caste War of Yucatán, 234, 235, 238, 239Catechist Movement, 240Catholic Church, 240Chaldeans, 86Charitas, 47Chinese. See ChinaChristianity, 99, 101, 118, 185, 196, 197, 306, 307, 313
Christian Church, 42Chronicles, 47–49, 158Citizenship, 93, 94, 104, 105, 123, 198–200, 226, 245,
298, 306–311, 329City-states, 308, 329
Greek, 297, 309Maya, 149Mixtec, 165, 166, 174, 179
Civil Rights, 84, 202, 320Civilization, concepts of, 18, 23, 29–31, 35, 39–41, 48,
49, 56, 57, 65, 76, 82–89, 96, 98, 99, 107–109, 111, 112, 190, 193, 201–204, 206, 215, 243, 244, 259, 261, 268, 321, 325, 328, 329, 332
Classic Maya Period. See Mayas, Classic PeriodClassical Age. See Golden AgeClassical Scholarship, 297Classical Studies, 253, 256, 281, 282, 298, 304, 312Classicism. See Antiquity, Classical AntiquityClassics. See Classical StudiesClassicus, 253Codices, 15, 17, 157–186, 214, 217Collapse
European Antiquity, 75, 275–277, 311, 328Maya Civilisation, 153, 221, 226, 227, 244, 324,
328Mughal Empire, 65, 67, 77Prussia, 299
Collection. See MuseumColonialism, 13, 40, 93–96, 121, 129, 194, 212–214,
217, 236, 239, 242, 269, 325, 327, 329, 331
British, 17, 23, 27–36, 39–42, 73–89, 101, 107–117, 120, 128, 133, 134, 142, 145
Internal, 189, 205, 206, 211–217, 329Spanish, 150, 151, 158, 159, 170, 189–193, 197–
203, 211–218, 226, 236, 239, 331Comisión Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos
Indígenas (CDI), 236Compagnie des Indes, 33Company Raj, 107, 108Confederación Nacional Campesina (CNC), 237Congreso de Anáhuac, 192Congreso de Chilpancingo, 191Congress Party. See Indian National CongressConquest, 31, 54, 85, 151, 154, 184, 185, 193, 201, 232,
322, 323, 331Arabic in South Asia, 31, 57, 80, 86European in South Asia, 102, 107Spanish in Mesoamerica, 149–154, 157, 158, 165,
195–197, 202, 205, 206, 215, 222, 226, 244, 324, 328
Conservatism, 84, 200, 334Cooperatives, 236, 240Cosmologies, 43, 64, 94, 152, 154, 159, 162, 240, 243,
244Creoles, 80, 189–198, 201, 202, 206, 324, 328, 331Culture Change. See Assimilation
Dalit Movements, 101, 102, 127, 133, 134Damnatio Memoriae, 267, 270Dar al-Islam, 60Dargah, 105, 142, 143Dark Ages, 261Darwinism, Social, 40, 153, 189Decolonization, 212, 217Delhi Sultanate. See Empire, Delhi SultanateDemocracy, 94, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104, 123, 199,
216, 245, 320, 321Descendants, 61, 66, 107, 119, 144, 151, 152, 154, 192,
195, 196, 201, 206, 212, 235, 238, 324, 328, 333Despotism, 199
Oriental Despotism, 41, 75, 76, 82, 86, 89, 325, 327
Dharma, 35, 83, 110, 121Dipavamsa, 46Discrimination, 40, 63, 68, 133, 151, 193, 212, 214,
237, 241, 245, 331, 332Dominicans, 185Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), 113, 121, 123Dravidian Front (DK), 113Dravidian Languages, 27, 103, 106, 112
348
Index
Dravidistan, 113Dynasty, 17, 27, 44–48, 66, 105, 106, 108, 121, 149, 157,
165, 169, 174, 184, 205, 206, 261Andhra, 46Gupta, 26, 31, 35, 36, 46, 48, 85, 98, 106, 121Maurya, 26, 36, 46Mughal, 36, 61, 76Nanda, 46Shunga, 46Xipe, 178, 179
East India Company, 17, 27, 33, 73–85, 88, 89, 102, 107, 115, 325, 327
Education, 13, 18, 34, 73, 78, 83, 84, 87, 89, 94, 96, 101, 118, 151, 189, 194, 199, 202–204, 211, 213, 215, 217–219, 236, 238–242, 245, 254, 256, 297–313, 321, 323, 327, 330, 333
Egyptology, 197, 224Elite, 14, 17, 39, 40, 60, 96, 128, 131, 150, 151, 154,
189–191, 201, 205, 207, 213, 223, 332Aztec, 149, 157Brahminical, 103, 107–109Colonial, 189Creole, 194–201, 206, 331European, 190, 200, 303Maya, 153, 219, 220, 223, 239, 242, 243, 331Mexican, 191, 195, 198–202Mixtec, 157Muslim, 62Roman, 75South Asian Native, 73, 84, 88, 109, 118–120, 325Zapotec, 157
Empire, 16, 27, 29, 31, 35, 47, 62, 79, 81, 84, 87, 98, 118, 119, 121, 163, 259, 260, 264, 268, 273, 327, 332Aztec, 149, 158, 164, 193, 201British, 26, 84, 108British Indian, 108Chola, 114Delhi Sultanate, 16, 27, 32, 59, 60, 325Holy Roman Empire (German), 185, 311, 312Maurya, 24, 26, 31, 35, 36, 46, 47, 81, 85, 98, 121,
327Mexican, 191Mughal, 16, 17, 26, 27, 32–37, 51, 56, 62, 65, 67, 73,
76–79, 84, 127, 325Pallava, 114Panya, 114Persian, 85Roman, 75, 76, 87, 185, 332Spanish, 189, 190, 195
Vijayanagara (Kingdom of Bisnagar), 26Encomienda, 151, 202Encyclopædia Britannica, 74, 76Enlightenment, 39, 42, 73–76, 88, 96, 153, 194, 195,
202, 255, 320, 326, 333Epochs. See Time, Concepts ofEpos, Epics, 49, 289, 293, 294
Carolingian, 185Hindu, 30, 44, 45, 49, 111
Ergon, Erga, 254, 259, 264–268Essentialism, 216Ethnicity, 18, 60, 94, 212, 231, 232, 236, 238, 239, 241,
243, 245, 246, 321, 330, 331Ethnocide, 215Eurocentrism, 16, 152, 197, 320–323Evangelization, 185, 196, 197, 240
Federalism, 98, 100, 104Feudalism, 44, 48, 121, 213, 321First World War, 33, 34, 110Folklore, 112, 114, 119, 121–123, 212, 233, 235, 239, 242Formative Maya Period. See Mayas, Formative PeriodFragment, 18, 44, 158, 171, 254, 266, 274, 281–289,
292–295, 323, 333, 335Franciscans, 193, 196French Revolution, 73, 82, 84, 88, 189, 307Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin, 256Funerary Rites, 15, 17, 142, 143, 157, 169–176, 179,
182–184, 220, 222, 226, 261–266, 268–273, 277, 278
Gender, 14, 213, 216, 331, 332Genomena, 266, 267Golden Age, 17, 23, 27, 30, 35–37, 49, 73, 82–89, 93,
95–99, 102, 105–123, 127, 217, 221, 325–328, 330, 331, 333
Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen, 255Guaranis, 225Gujarati, 27Gupta. See Dynasty, Gupta
Hacienda, 191, 200, 204, 206, 233–235Hadith, 52, 56, 62, 65, 66Hellenisation, 256Hieroglyphs. See Writing Systems, HieroglyphicHigh Culture, 61, 109, 206, 243, 324Hindi, 27, 100, 103, 118Hindu / Hindus, 16, 27, 31, 32, 35, 36, 40, 51, 56–58,
60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 77–86, 98–100, 105–121, 127, 128, 131–144, 325, 327, 328, 330, 331
349
Subjects
Hinduism, 64, 83, 98, 100, 112, 116–118, 135Hindutva, 30Hispanization, 215, 236, 239, 246Historicism, 298, 306Historicity, 15, 16, 39, 40, 42, 45–47, 109, 303, 304, 312,
319, 322Historiography, 13, 14, 32, 35, 39, 42, 51–53, 69, 134,
185, 255, 305, 306, 319–325Ancient European, 255Colonial, 31, 33, 35, 134, 135Hindu, 115, 120, 121Judaeo-Christian, 42Mesoamerican, 152, 154, 165, 179, 185Mixtec, 157, 165, 184Muslim / Islamic, 42, 51–69, 128, 334South Asian, 23, 27, 30, 33–39, 69, 77, 89, 115, 120,
121, 133, 134, 334Humanism, 39, 253, 306, 321, 323, 328Humboldt University Berlin, 299
Idealism, 14, 53, 67, 99, 118, 211, 216, 231, 235, 244, 247, 257, 286, 287, 297–306, 311–313, 320, 326, 330, 331, 333
Identity, 14, 17, 18, 27, 41, 48, 53–55, 67, 69, 96, 105, 117, 121, 129, 133, 136, 139, 212, 217, 231, 232, 236, 238, 240, 244–246, 270, 295, 303, 311, 312, 322–325, 330
Iliad, 185, 261, 264Imitation, 67–69, 285, 286, 304, 310, 333Incas, 195, 197, 332Independence, 16, 97, 185
India, 17, 29, 36, 93, 96–105, 113, 115–119, 128–144, 328, 330
Mexico, 151, 189–192, 195–198, 201, 206, 212, 324, 328
Pakistan, 36Indian Administrative Service (IAS), 120Indian National Congress, 30, 34–36, 93, 97–106,
109–123, 118, 127, 134, 135, 327, 330Indian Union, 36, 98, 100Indígenas, Indios. See Indigenous Peoples, AmericanIndigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention 169
(ILO), 236Indigenous Peoples, American, 16–18, 151–154, 185,
189–192, 118–203, 206, 211–218, 231–247, 324, 328–331
Indo-Aryan. See Aryan Invasion TheoryIndo-Europeans, 27, 107, 111, 197, 330Indus Valley Civilization, 29, 30, 35, 111, 112Inquilab, 33
Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH), 214, 223
Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI), 236International Labour Organization (ILO), 232Islam, 16, 32, 36, 37, 40, 51–69, 117, 118, 122, 129, 132,
135–143, 325, 327, 334, 335Itihasa, 40, 45Itzas, 233, 235
Jahiliyya, 54, 55, 334Jainism, 44, 46, 47, 325, 327Jesuits, 86, 194, 195, 225Jews, 192, 196, 197, 256, 322
Khalistan, 119, 120Khatm al-nubuwwa, 53King, Kingdom, 26, 27, 31, 33, 45–49, 57, 59, 66, 98,
105–107, 122, 150, 151, 157, 165, 179, 182–185, 192, 194, 199, 244, 262, 264, 265, 268, 272, 275, 277, 278
Klassische Altertumswissenschaft. See Altertumswissen-schaft
Labour, Forced, 191, 234Lacedaemonians / Laecedemonians, 270, 274Ladinos, 241, 245–247Language
Ancient Greek, 79, 301, 303, 305, 333Aztec, 150, 173Hebrew, 256Maya, 150, 227, 231–234, 236, 238, 240–245Mixtec, 150, 185, 212Oriya, 106, 108Sanskrit, 27, 30, 41, 48, 64–66, 79, 84, 112, 121,
330Spanish, 189, 215, 239, 246Teaching of, 190, 217, 242, 297, 298
League of Nations, 34Liberalism, 16, 51, 56, 61, 64, 68, 78, 85, 95, 97, 98, 189,
199, 200, 202–204, 236–238, 247, 309Literature, 40, 41, 83, 123, 185, 212, 253, 281, 298, 300
Greek, 88, 289, 293, 294Mesoamerican, 215, 217South Asian, 16, 30, 31, 44, 51, 56, 80, 87, 88,
105–109, 112, 123Lok Sabha (National Parliament of the Republic of
India), 123Lost Tribes of Israel, 152, 192, 324
350
Index
Madhyamika, 100Mahabharata, 30, 44, 45, 111Mahapurusha, 110Mahavamsa, 47Mahavihara Monastery, 47Marathas, 27, 33, 84, 106, 114, 115Marathi, 27, 106Material Culture. See Archaeological RemainsMaurya. See Dynasty, Maurya; Empire, MauryaMaya Area Cultural Heritage Initiative (MACHI),
227Mayas
Ancient, 18, 149, 150, 153, 154, 157, 159, 161, 201, 222–227, 231-235, 239, 243, 244, 324, 328–333
Classic Period, 152, 153, 159, 220–226, 231, 234, 243, 244, 247, 324, 328, 329, 331, 332
Contemporary, 219, 226, 227, 247, 328, 331, 333Formative Period, 152, 153, 221, 222, 324, 328Maya Movement. See Political Movements, In-
digenousPostclassic Period, 152, 153, 221, 222, 227, 234,
324, 328Memory, 40–47, 49, 51–54, 56, 65, 66, 68, 69, 94, 120,
157, 158, 165, 170, 179, 182–185, 196, 211, 212, 214–217, 235, 239, 254, 259–272, 278, 279, 310, 325
Mestizaje, 151, 198, 212, 236, 238, 242Mexican Revolution, 185, 198, 236, 241Mexico, Republic of, 191Middle Ages, 27–29, 306, 312Migration, 24, 116, 122, 136, 141, 197, 198, 204, 211,
213, 214, 242Aztec, 192European, 194, 207, 269, 270, 334South Asian, 26, 47, 107, 115, 128, 134
Minoan Culture, 260Minorities, 216, 232, 236, 245
in South Asia, 100–103, 111, 117, 118, 122, 137, 138, 141, 327
Mission, 27, 83, 112, 113, 114, 159, 197, 215, 239Mixtecs
Ancient, 149, 154, 157, 165–186Contemporary, 17, 154, 157, 211–218, 328
Modernization, 100, 142, 214, 240, 241, 330Mongols, 57, 59Mosques, 32, 36, 105, 111, 128, 129, 132, 135, 137–142,
144, 327Mughal Empire. See Dynasty, Mughal; Empire,
Mughal
Mujaddid, 61, 63Mulatos, 212Murals. See Archaeological RemainsMuseum, 65, 105, 137, 151, 158, 164, 194, 201, 211,
214, 217, 222, 223, 254, 323, 329Louvre, 269National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico
City), 163Muslim, 27, 29–32, 35, 36, 51–68, 73, 76, 80, 98, 101,
106, 108-111, 114–117, 121, 127, 128, 132, 135–144, 196, 325, 327, 329
Muslim League, 30, 36Mythological Heroes, 57, 82, 115, 116, 196, 261, 272,
273, 327Mythology, 14, 53, 67, 215, 327
European, 185, 193, 196, 254, 259, 270, 271, 273, 274, 300, 311, 329
Mesoamerican, 152, 185, 193, 215, 235, 332South Asian, 23, 30, 48, 66, 77, 78, 83, 86, 107, 111,
113
Nahuas. See AztecsNanda. See Dynasty, NandaNarration, Narrative, 13, 30, 35, 36, 39–48, 51–58,
63–69, 94, 118, 119, 157, 163, 169, 174, 175, 185, 239, 261, 265, 266, 273, 289–293, 323, 329
Nation, 14, 16–18, 27, 29, 35, 93–97, 99, 103, 105, 110, 111, 114–117, 121, 123, 127–139, 142, 144, 145, 165, 185, 189–207, 211, 212, 216–219, 232, 236, 241, 242, 247, 297, 301–312, 320, 324, 327–330
Nationalism, 17, 24, 27, 29, 34–36, 69, 89, 94–97, 103, 106–123, 127, 131–136, 140, 144, 189–191, 195, 198, 202, 207, 213–217, 237, 239, 247, 299, 322, 324, 327–331
Nation-building, 14, 16, 17, 94–97, 98, 102, 120, 121, 127–129, 133, 145, 185, 189, 190, 311, 327
Neohumanism, 297, 298, 299, 301, 306Neoplatonism, 253NGOs, 227, 232, 238, 241, 242Nibelungen, 185North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), 237Ñuu Dzavui (Nation of the Rain). See Mixtecs, An-
cientÑuu Sau (People of the Rain). See Mixtecs, Con-
temporary
Olmecs, 149Oracle, 183, 184, 270–273
351
Subjects
Oral Transmission, 15, 30, 44, 45, 49, 128, 134, 158, 160, 166, 214, 215, 217, 254, 259–263, 266, 267, 269, 272, 325, 334
Orientalism, 29, 35, 41, 64, 67–69, 73, 80–88, 108, 111, 112, 120, 127, 133–135, 144, 321, 322, 325–331, 334
Origins, Legends of, 56, 65, 111, 113, 114, 121, 152, 169, 267, 274, 329Mayan Culture, 234, 235Mixtec Culture, 169, 175, 182, 184South Asian Cultures, 48, 110
Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), 237, 242, 245
Partition (Separation of India and Pakistan 1947), 36, 37, 98, 103, 118, 127–129, 131–144
Patriotism, 97, 122, 193, 195, 197, 198, 309, 324Peloponnesian War, 254, 266, 268, 274Periodization. See Time, Concepts ofPersian Wars, 272Philology, 13, 107, 111, 256, 305, 330Philosophy, 31, 42, 58, 59, 81, 96, 158, 193, 253, 254,
291, 328Phoenicians, 193, 256, 269, 276Pictorial Manuscripts. See CodicesPoetry, 18, 43, 44, 49, 56–58, 65, 66, 74, 105, 106, 115,
122, 193, 254, 255, 259–279, 281, 286, 288, 292, 293, 300, 301, 324, 326, 334
Polis. See City-statesPolitical Movements, Indigenous, 16, 152, 240, 245 Maya Movement, 18, 151, 154, 231, 235, 239, 241, 242,
245, 331 Zapatistas / Neo-Zapatistas, 152, 237, 245 Popol Vuh, 161, 184 Popular Culture, 104, 105, 108, 113–116, 119, 121–123,
151, 185, 217, 226, 244, 245Postclassic Maya Period. See Mayas, Postclassic
Period Post-colonial Studies, 13, 16, 69, 153, 319–322, 332 Post-colonial Periods, 15–17, 36, 69, 89, 93–97, 127–
137, 141, 144, 145, 154, 186, 191, 211, 327 Preclassic Period (Mesoamerica), 149, 152, 153, 157,
169, 221, 222, 324 Primordial Times. See Golden Age Primordialism, 96, 97, 110, 319, 329–331 Programa de Certificación de Derechos Ejidales y
Titulación de Solares Urbanos (PROCEDE), 237 Pundit, 141 Punjabi, 27, 118 Puranas, 30, 44, 45, 47, 82, 111, 113, 327
Pyramids, 260, 264 Egypt, 192, 261, 262 Mesoamerica, 149, 169, 192, 206, 211, 214
Quisteil Rebellion, 202Qur’an, 54–56, 60, 61, 64–66
Racism, 40, 80, 88, 97, 106, 107, 110, 118, 152, 189, 191, 196, 198, 201–207, 241, 244, 245, 246
Rain God, 182, 183Raj. See British Raj; Company RajRaja-tarangini, 48Rajputs, 32Ramayana, 30, 44, 45, 111Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), 100, 110, 111,
115, 121, 132, 140Reception, 13, 64, 69, 286, 287, 294, 297, 298, 311Refugees, 132, 134, 138, 139, 141, 142, 240, 272Religion. See also Buddhism; Christianity; Hindu-
ism; Islam; JainismAztec, 196Maya, 219, 240, 244Mesoamerican, 204, 205, 212
Renaissance, 39, 42, 87, 96, 324, 330Bengal Renaissance, 108, 109, 111
Reorganization (of the Indian State), 103, 104, 118, 122
Repartimiento, 151Republic of India, 17, 27, 36Res Publica, 308Revival, Cultural, 61, 63, 65, 131, 158, 242, 245Ritual, 15, 44, 45, 67, 82, 96, 105, 109, 111, 114–117,
142, 149, 160, 163–169, 174, 179, 182, 184, 185, 196, 236, 239, 240, 243, 244, 263, 269, 326
Roman Empire. See Empire, Roman Romanticism, 18, 67, 111, 238, 254, 281, 283, 288, 289,
292, 295, 312, 321, 323, 335 Ruins. See also Archaeological Remains, 18, 162, 183,
192, 197, 201, 214, 224, 233–235, 253, 254, 259–279, 284, 285, 323, 329
Rural Population, 106, 113, 150, 189, 206, 224, 225, 231, 235, 237, 238, 240, 242, 245–247, 331
Rural Settlements, 44, 98, 99, 105, 164, 213, 234–240, 243, 244, 267
Sacrifice, 167, 170, 174, 184, 193, 215, 244, 272, 308Salafism, 69Sangha, 46, 47Sanskrit. See Language, SanskritSculpture. See Archaeological Remains
352
Index
Second Sophistic, 18, 253, 281, 289, 294Second World War, 36, 133, 185, 220, 223Secularisation, 94, 98, 101, 104, 110, 129, 132, 136,
141, 144, 256, 307Shari’ah, 16, 32, 51, 56, 59, 61, 63, 67Shiromani Parbandhak Gurdwara Committee
(SPGC), 118, 120Shiv Sena, 116Shramanic Tradition, 39, 44, 327Shudra, 109, 134Shunga. See Dynasty, ShungaSikhs, 101, 116, 117, 119, 120, 142Slavery, 78, 79, 144, 170, 201, 213, 218, 234, 271, 272Social Exclusion, 14, 17, 60, 94, 97, 109, 122, 124, 135,
149, 189, 237, 241, 243, 246, 247, 297, 322, 328Social Inclusion, 190, 242Social Mobility, 207, 241Socialism, 94, 100, 128Spaniards, 87, 193, 195, 196, 201, 203, 206, 213, 221,
324, 328Spanish Conquest. See Conquest, Spanish in Me-
soamericaStoics, 275Sub-nationalism, 93, 102–106, 109, 112, 113, 122, 123Sufi, 16, 51, 56, 60, 61, 63–66, 105, 142Suns. See Time, Concepts of
Taj Mahal, 29Tamil Nadu, 93, 109, 112–114, 116, 119, 121, 123Tamils, 106, 112, 113, 120Temples
Mediterranean Area, 261–264, 267Mesoamerica, 149, 164, 170, 174, 183–185, 214,
220, 222, 226South Asia, 32, 46, 105–111, 116, 119, 120, 121,
122, 127, 128, 132, 134, 138–142Time, Concepts of, 15, 43, 53, 55, 94, 95, 109, 307,
320–322, 325–334Europe, 14, 253, 305, 311, 333Mesoamerica, 152, 153, 157–165, 214, 326, 328,
331South Asia, 29–31, 36, 40–49, 62, 67–69, 81, 85,
107–112, 127, 144, 145 Toltecs, 149, 158, 163Topos, 66, 69, 274Tourism, 96, 169, 211, 212, 233, 238, 242, 243, 246Translation, 62, 64, 75, 77, 80, 83, 132, 255, 256, 272Trojan War, 261Turks, 56, 57, 58
Ummah, 52, 55, 59United Nations, 216
UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples of September 13, 2007, 232
UN General Assembly, 216UN International Decade of the World’s Indige-
nous Peoples 1995–2004, 232Universalist Perspectives, 39–41, 52, 81, 98–102, 108,
111, 112, 118, 120, 264, 305, 310, 319-322Upanishads, 64Urbanism, Urbanization
Europe, 264, 267, 268, 275–279, 321 Mesoamerica, 149, 151, 157, 158, 191, 200–203,
213, 220–225, 242, 244, 328, 331 South Asia, 24, 26, 29, 30, 35, 127–129, 136–145,
329 Utilitarianism, 41, 73, 84, 89, 270, 301, 325, 334
Vedantic Period, 35, 82, 83Vedas, 36, 44, 89, 106, 110, 330Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, 33Vernacularization, 103–105, 111, 121, 122
Wissenschaft, 298, 300, 302–307, 311–313Writing Systems, 149, 211, 244
Alphabetic, 158, 195, 260Hieroglyphic, 158, 160, 165–167, 171, 174, 214,
217Pictographic, 152, 153, 158, 159, 169, 197, 221,
223, 227, 234, 242Written Transmission, 15, 27, 29, 111, 158, 242, 245,
259, 273
Xipe. See Dynasty, XipeXenophobia, 97, 115, 116, 122, 330, 334
Yucatecans, 201, 203, 233, 234, 236, 238, 242, 246Yuga. See Time, Concepts of, South Asia
Zapatistas. See Political Movements, IndigenousZapotecs, 149, 154, 157, 169–171, 174, 179, 180