IndexEditor’s Note: Except for commonly used phrases and abbreviations, topics are indexed by their noun names. Many topics are also cross-indexed.

The letters “ff” after a page number indicate coverage of the indexed topic on succeeding pages.

A separate Project index and Author index follow the main index.

10 meter Yagis: ............................................................................ 11-1212 meter Yagis: ............................................................................ 11-1415 meter Yagis: ............................................................................ 11-1417 meter Yagis: ............................................................................ 11-1820 meter Yagis: ............................................................................ 11-2030 meter Yagis: ............................................................................ 11-2240 meter Yagis: ............................................................................ 11-23

AA index: .......................................................................................... 4-42AAT: .............................................................................................24-8ffAB-577 mast: ................................................................................. 26-8ACE-HF: ........................................................................................ 4-41Active antennas: ........................................................................... 22-15Adcock antenna: ........................................................................... 22-20Aluminum tubing: .......................................................................... 25-7

Characteristics: .......................................................................... 25-7Construction techniques: ........................................................... 25-8Sizes: .......................................................................................... 25-8

AMSAT: ......................................................................................... 17-2Anchors, guy: ............................................................................... 26-10

Antenna Construction On tower: ................................................................................. 26-41Raising and lowering: .............................................................. 26-39Rotator: .................................................................................... 26-19Wind load: ................................................................................ 26-51Antenna Field and gain measurement: ..................................27-35ffAntenna Resonance: ................................................................ 24-25

Antenna analysisGround parameters: ................................................................... 3-29Measuring ground conditions: ................................................... 3-31

Antenna analyzer: ......................................................................27-20ffAntenna comparison: ..................................................................... 14-7Antenna Model: ................................................................................ 8-2Antenna modeling: .........................................................................8-1ff

Accuracy test: ............................................................................ 8-14Basics: .......................................................................................... 8-3Dipole antennas: .......................................................................... 2-6Frequency scaling: ..................................................................... 8-12Ground: ...................................................................................... 8-10Limitations: .........................................................................8-6, 8-15Load: .......................................................................................... 8-13Near field: .................................................................................. 8-17Program inputs: ............................................................................ 8-4Segmentation: .............................................................................. 8-5Source: ....................................................................................... 8-12

Antenna system design: ...............................................................14-1ffAntenna testing: .........................................................................27-35ffAntenna tuner: ................................................................................ 24-2

Adjusting T network: ................................................................. 24-7Balanced: ................................................................................. 24-11Balun: ....................................................................................... 24-12Hairpin: .................................................................................... 24-12

High-power ARRL tuner: ........................................................ 24-13Location in system: .................................................................. 24-19Maritime HF antennas: ............................................................ 21-23

Anti-resonance: ................................................................................ 2-6Anti-oxidation compound: ........................................................... 26-47AO: ................................................................................................... 7-6Array

4-element driven: ..................................................................... 12-238-element driven: ..................................................................... 12-23Bi-square: ................................................................................. 12-18Bidirectional: ............................................................................... 6-2Binomial: ................................................................................... 6-27Bobtail curtain: ........................................................................ 12-13Broadside: ........................................................................ 6-2, 12-1ffBruce array: ............................................................................. 12-14Collinear: ....................................................... 6-2, 12-1, 12-22, 15-9Curtain, VHF and UHF: .......................................................... 15-11Direction-finding: .................................................................... 22-20Directional switching: ................................................................ 6-35Directive: ..................................................................................... 6-2Driven: ............................................................................... 6-2, 6-7ffEnd-fire: ......................................................................... 6-2, 12-19ffExtended double Zepp (EDZ): ................................................... 12-4Franklin: ..................................................................................... 15-9Half-square: ............................................................................... 12-9Lazy H: .................................................................................... 12-17Multielement: .............................................................................6-1ffParallel: ........................................................................................ 6-2Parasitic: ...................................................................................... 6-2Phased: .....................................................................................6-10ffPhasing arrows: ........................................................................ 12-24Receiving: .................................................................................. 6-21Sterba curtain: ............................................................................ 12-6W8JK beam antenna: ............................................................... 12-21Yagis, space communication: ................................................17-14ff

Arrayfeed1: ..................................................................................6-18ffARRL log coordinate system: ........................................................ 1-13Artificial ground: ............................................................................ 10-2ASAPS: ........................................................................................... 4-41Attenuation measurement: ........................................................... 27-23Attenuator: ................................................................................... 27-15Aurora: ........................................................................................... 4-11Auroral propagation: ...................................................................... 4-11Axial ratio: ................................................................................... 17-12Azimuth angle: ................................................................................. 1-9Azimuth pattern: ............................................................................ 1-10Azimuth-elevation position control: ............................................. 17-31Azimuthal diversity: ..................................................................... 14-41

BBackscatter: .................................................................................... 4-29Backstay vertical: ......................................................................... 21-22

Balanced tuner: ............................................................................ 24-11Balun

Antenna tuner: ......................................................................... 24-12At VHF and UHF: ..................................................................... 15-5Choke: ........................................................................ 24-26, 24-41ffCoiled-coax: ............................................................................. 24-42Detuning sleeve: ...................................................................... 24-49Impedance step-up/step-down: ................................................ 24-51Matching stub: ......................................................................... 24-50Phased array: .............................................................................. 6-21Quarter/Three-quarter wave: .................................................... 24-50Transmission line: ..................................................................24-49ff

Bandwidth: ..................................................................................... 1-16Barbeque-grill dish antenna: ........................................................ 17-18Base loaded vertical: ...................................................................... 9-21Basic Wind Speed: ....................................................................... 26-16Beacon, NCDXF/IARU system: ..................................................... 4-24Beamwidth: .................................................................................... 1-14Bending radius (cable): ................................................................ 26-44Beta match: .......................................................................11-11, 24-30Beverage antennas: ........................................................................ 22-1

Construction techniques: ........................................................... 22-6Cross-fire feed: .......................................................................... 22-8Echelon: ..................................................................................... 22-7Feed point transformer: .............................................................. 22-5Two wire: ................................................................................... 22-7

Bi-square antenna: ....................................................................... 12-18Bibliography: ............................................................................... 26-50

Antenna and transmission line measurements: ........................ 27-42Antenna fundamentals: .............................................................. 1-25Antenna materials and construction: ....................................... 25-15Broadside and end-fire arrays: ................................................. 12-25Dipoles and monopoles: ............................................................ 2-15Direction finding: ..................................................................... 22-32Effects of ground: ...................................................................... 3-33HF Yagi and quad antennas: .................................................... 11-40Log-periodic dipole array (LPDA): ........................................... 7-12Long-wire and traveling-wave antennas: ................................. 13-17Loop antennas: ........................................................................... 5-23Maritime HF antennas: ............................................................ 21-27Mobile HF antennas: ................................................................ 21-20Multiband antenna: .................................................................. 10-36Multielement arrays: .................................................................. 6-39Portable antennas: .................................................................... 19-14Propagation: ............................................................................... 4-43Receiving antennas: ................................................................. 22-15Repeater antenna systems: ....................................................... 18-16Single-band MF and HF antennas: ............................................ 9-36Space communications antenna systems: ................................ 17-33Stealth and limited-space antennas: ......................................... 20-14Transmission line coupling and impedance matching: ............ 24-53Transmission lines: .................................................................. 23-35

Bidirectional array: .......................................................................... 6-2Big wheel antenna: .................................................................16-3,16-9Big-Grips: .................................................................................... 26-31Binomial array: .............................................................................. 6-27BIP/BOP ....................................................................................... 14-41BNC connectors: .......................................................................... 23-27Bobtail curtain: ............................................................................. 12-13Boom construction: ........................................................................ 25-9Boom length, Yagi antenna: ........................................................... 11-6Boots, climbing: ............................................................................. 26-5Broadband arrays: .......................................................................... 6-21Broadband dipole: ............................................................................ 9-7Broadband transformer: ............................................................... 24-35Broadside array: ................................................................... 6-2, 12-1ff

4-element: ................................................................................ 12-17Parallel: ...................................................................................... 12-7

Bruce array: .................................................................................. 12-14Burying cable: .............................................................................. 26-44

CC-pole antenna: .............................................................................. 9-11Cable clamps: ............................................................................... 26-31

Cable grip: .................................................................................... 26-21Cable ties: ..................................................................................... 26-46Cage dipole: ..............................................................................9-7, 9-9Capacitance hat: ............................................................................. 9-22

Mobile HF antenna: ................................................................. 21-16CapMAN: ....................................................................................... 4-37Carabiner: ..................................................................................... 26-23Carolina Windom: .......................................................................... 10-7Cassegrain antenna: ...................................................................... 17-16Cavity resonator: ............................................................................ 18-9Center-fed (off-center fed) dish: .................................................. 17-17Center-fed dipole: ............................................................................ 2-5Characteristic impedance (Z0): ...................................................... 23-4

Measurement: .......................................................................... 27-22Choke balun: .............................6-21, 9-16, 11-5, 15-5, 24-26, 24-41ff

Coiled-coax: ............................................................................. 24-42Ferrite: ...................................................................................... 24-43Ferrite bead: ............................................................................. 24-47Measuring impedance: ............................................................. 24-48Self-resonance: ........................................................................ 24-43SWR: .......................................................................................... 27-9

Christmas-tree stackHF Yagi antenna: ..................................................................... 11-26VHF/UHF antennas: ................................................................ 15-15

Circular polarization (CP): .................................1-4, 1-15, 17-5, 17-6ffClimbing technique

Boots, climbing ........................................................................... 26-5Safety ........................................................................................26-1ffTower: ........................................................................................ 26-3Tree: ........................................................................................... 26-8

Coaxial cable: ......................................................................23-2, 23-20Attenuation: ..................................................................23-21, 23-31Bend radius: ............................................................................. 26-44Burying: ................................................................................... 26-44Characteristics: ........................................................................ 23-22Deterioration: ........................................................................... 23-23Equations: ................................................................................ 23-24Installing: ................................................................................. 23-32RG-8, RG-213 and type cables: ............................................... 23-22Specifications: .......................................................................... 23-20

Cold galvanizing: ......................................................................... 26-47Collinear array: .....................................................................12-1, 15-9

2-element broadside: .................................................................. 12-23- and 4-element broadside: ....................................................... 12-24-element end-fire: ................................................................... 12-22Adjustment: ................................................................................ 12-4

Come-along: ................................................................................. 26-21Common-mode current: .............................................................24-36ff

Asymmetric feed line: .............................................................. 24-38Effect on SWR: ...............................................................24-38, 27-9Feed line: ................................................................................. 24-26Pattern distortion: ...................................................................24-37ff

Conduction current: ......................................................................... 1-2Connectors

BNC: ........................................................................................ 23-27F: .............................................................................................. 23-27Hardline: .................................................................................. 23-30N: ............................................................................................. 23-27SMA: ........................................................................................ 23-30UHF: ........................................................................................ 23-25Weatherproofing: ..................................................................... 26-45

Control cable: ............................................................................... 26-44Coordinate scale: ............................................................................ 1-12

ARRL logarithmic: .................................................................... 1-13Linear: ........................................................................................ 1-12Logarithmic: .............................................................................. 1-12Rectangular: ............................................................................... 1-13

Coplanar pair: ................................................................................. 17-7Copperweld: ................................................................................... 25-2Corner reflector: .........................................................................15-51ff

Ground-plane: .......................................................................... 15-53Corona ball: .................................................................................. 21-15Coronal hole: .................................................................................. 4-25Coronal mass ejection (CME): ....................................................... 4-11Corrosion: ..................................................................................26-46ff

Counterpoise: ................................................................................. 2-13Coupled-resonator (C-R) dipole: ................................................. 10-24

30/17/12 meter: ........................................................................ 10-28Coupling

Mutual: ......................................................................................... 6-4Transmission line: ....................................................................24-1ff

Crank-up tower: ...................................................... 26-4, 26-13, 26-48Critical angle: ................................................................................. 4-21Critical frequency: ...............................................................4-18, 14-35Cross-band coupler: ..................................................................... 18-12Cross-polarization: ......................................................................... 17-4Crossfire

Feed system: ........................................................... 6-16, 6-22, 22-8Receiving array: ......................................................................... 6-32

Current balun (see choke balun)Current distribution: ......................................................................... 6-7Current forcing with quarter-wave lines: ........................................ 6-17Current measurement: .................................................................... 6-34Curtain array: ............................................................................... 15-11Cushcraft XM240: ....................................................................... 11-29

DD layer (D region): ......................................................................... 4-17dBi: ................................................................................................. 6-12Decibel: .......................................................................................... 1-10Delay lines: ..................................................................................6-14ff

Electrical length: ........................................................................ 6-38Delta loop: ........................................................................................ 5-5

Feed point: ................................................................................... 5-9Polarization: ................................................................................. 5-6

Delta match: ........................................................................15-4, 24-26Detuning sleeve: ........................................................................... 24-49Diffraction: ............................................................................4-1, 14-20

Geometric Theory of Diffraction: ............................................ 14-21Incident-Shadow Boundary: .................................................... 14-21Reflection-Shadow Boundary: ................................................. 14-21

Dipole: ..................................................................................2-1ff, 9-2ff135 foot, 80-10 meter: ............................................................... 10-430/17/12 meter, coupled-resonator: ......................................... 10-2840-15 meter dual band: ................................................................ 9-3Broadband: ................................................................................... 9-7C-pole: ....................................................................................... 9-11Cage: ............................................................................................ 9-7Cage, 80 meter: ............................................................................ 9-9Center-fed: ................................................................................... 2-5Conductor diameter: .................................................................... 2-3Coupled-resonator (C-R): ........................................................ 10-24Fan (multiple dipole antennas): ..........................................9-8, 10-9Feed point: ................................................................................... 9-3Feed point impedance: ................................................................. 2-5Folded: ................................................................................2-11, 9-4Height above ground: ............................................................2-3, 2-8Inverted-V: ................................................................................... 9-5Multiband: .................................................................................. 10-3Off-center-fed (OCF): .........................................................2-6, 10-8Over real ground: ....................................................................... 3-25Portable inverted V: ................................................................... 19-3Portable whip: ............................................................................ 19-4Radiation pattern: ..................................................................2-1, 2-9Shortened: ...........................................................................9-2, 9-25Sloping: ........................................................................................ 9-6Terminated folded (TFD): ........................................................ 10-11Twinlead, folded: ....................................................................... 19-3Vertical: ..................................................................... 2-11, 9-6, 9-10Zip cord: ..................................................................................... 19-2

Direct feed: ..................................................................................... 11-5Direct wave: ..................................................................................... 4-2Direction-finding: .......................................................................22-17ff

80 meter system: ...................................................................... 22-27Adcock antenna: ...................................................................... 22-20Array: ....................................................................................... 22-20Double-ducky VHF direction finder: ....................................... 22-27Ferrite core loop: ...................................................................... 22-25Frame loop: .............................................................................. 22-23

Goniometer: ............................................................................. 22-22Interferometer: ......................................................................... 22-27Loops: ...................................................................................... 22-18Sensing antenna: ...................................................................... 22-19Tape measure Yagi: .................................................................. 22-30Time difference of arrival (TDOA): ......................................... 22-27Triangulation: ........................................................................... 22-17Wullenweber antenna: ............................................................. 22-22Yagi antennas: .......................................................................... 22-30

Directional wattmeter: ................................................................. 27-11Directivity: ....................................................................1-7, 1-11, 6-1ffDirector: ......................................................................................... 11-1Discone antenna

20-10 meter, A-frame: ............................................................. 10-3340-10 meter: ............................................................................. 10-34HF: ........................................................................................... 10-33VHF and UHF: ......................................................................15-48ff

Dish antenna: .................................................................15-58ff, 17-5ffFeed system: ............................................................................ 15-61Polaplexer: ............................................................................... 15-61Safety: ...................................................................................... 15-61

Displacement current: ...................................................................... 1-2Diversity, repeater antennas: ........................................................ 18-13Double-ducky VHF direction finder: ........................................... 22-27Double-L antenna: ....................................................................... 10-10Doublet: ............................................................................................ 9-2Downtilt: ........................................................................................ 18-4Driven array: .......................................................................... 6-2, 6-7ffDriven element: .............................................................................. 11-1Dual polarization: ........................................................................... 17-5Duplex: ......................................................................................... 18-10

Repeaters: .................................................................................. 18-7

EE field: .............................................................................................. 1-2E layer (E region): .......................................................................... 4-17E-plane: .......................................................................................... 1-11Earth-Moon-Earth (EME)

Antenna systems: .....................................................................17-1ffPower requirements: .................................................................. 17-4SHF challenges: ....................................................................... 17-21Side lobes: .................................................................................. 17-5Yagi arrays: .............................................................................. 17-15

Effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP): .................................... 1-17Worksheet: ............................................................................... 18-14

Effective projected area (EPA): .................................................... 26-16Effective radiated power (ERP): .................................................... 1-17Effects of terrain: .......................................................................14-17ff

Ray tracing: .............................................................................. 14-19Simulation: ............................................................................... 14-22Stacking Yagis: ........................................................................ 14-36Terrain files: ............................................................................. 14-25

Efficiency, radiation: ...................................................................... 6-11EFFLEN.FOR: ............................................................................... 1-17Eggbeater antenna: ................................................................17-2, 17-8EIRP (see Effective isotropic radiated power)Electrical length

Feed line: ................................................................................... 6-38Measurement: .......................................................................... 27-20

Electrical tape: ............................................................................. 26-46Electromagnetic field: ....................................................................1-1ff

Coupled: ....................................................................................... 1-3E field: .......................................................................................... 1-2H field: ......................................................................................... 1-1Safety: ......................................................................................1-18ff

Electromagnetic wave: ...................................................................1-2ffAttenuation: ................................................................................. 1-5Electrostatic field: ........................................................................ 1-2Field intensity: ............................................................................. 1-4Phase: ........................................................................................... 1-4Polarization: ................................................................................. 1-4Velocity factor (VF): .................................................................... 1-3Velocity of propagation: .............................................................. 1-3Wavefront: .................................................................................... 1-3

Electronic beam forming: ............................................................ 22-22Element

Array: ........................................................................................... 6-2Construction techniques: ......................................................... 25-10Length correction: ...................................................................... 1-17Taper: ......................................................................................... 1-17

Elevated ground system: ..............................................................3-13ffElevated radials: ...........................................................................3-13ffElevation angle: .......................................................................1-9, 4-32

HF propagation: .......................................................................14-7ffElevation pattern: ........................................................................... 1-10Elliptical polarization: ...................................................................... 1-4End effect: ....................................................................... 1-5, 2-3, 21-5End loading, Yagi antenna: .......................................................... 11-28End-fed Zepp: .........................................................................9-5, 10-3End-fire array: .................................................................... 6-2, 12-19ffEqualizer plate: ............................................................................ 26-34Erection fixture (see Gin pole)ERP (see Effective radiated power)EWE receiving antenna: ................................................................. 22-9Extended double Zepp (EDZ): ....................................................... 12-4Extraordinary wave: ......................................................................... 4-4EZNEC: ................... 6-10ff, 10-26, 11-2ff, 11-33, 14-19, 17-15, 27-35EZNEC -Pro/2: ................................................................................. 8-2EZNEC 5.0: ...................................................................................... 8-2EZNEC Pro: ..................................................................................... 7-6EZNEC-ARRL: ........................8-3, 11-2ff, 13-16, 14-19, 21-27, 23-15

FF connectors: ................................................................................ 23-27F layer (F region): .......................................................................... 4-17Fading: ........................................................................................... 4-28

Stacked Yagis: .......................................................................... 14-40Fall-arrest harness (FAH): .............................................................. 26-2Fan dipole: ..............................................................................9-8, 10-9Far field: ........................................................................................... 1-8

Effects of ground: ....................................................................3-20ffReflections: ................................................................................ 3-21

Faraday rotation: ......................................................... 1-4, 17-4, 17-11FCC RF exposure regulations: ....................................................... 1-20Feed point impedance: ..................................................................... 1-6

Height above ground: ................................................................... 3-5Mutual impedance: ...................................................................... 1-6Self impedance: ........................................................................... 1-6Yagi antenna: ............................................................................. 11-4

Ferrite choke balun: ..................................................................... 24-43Ferrite core loop antenna: ...................................................5-17, 22-25Fiberglass

Antenna materials: ................................................................... 25-14Pole: ........................................................................................... 26-9

Field cancellation and reinforcement: ............................................6-1ffField strength: .................................................................................. 1-4Field strength gain (FSG): ............................................................. 6-11Field strength meter (FSM): ......................................................... 27-17Flag receiving antenna: ................................................................ 22-13Flat projected area (FPA): ............................................................ 26-16Flyswatter antenna: ...................................................................... 15-66Focal length (dish): ...........................................................15-59, 17-17Focal ratio (dish): ......................................................................... 17-17Folded dipole: .................................................... 2-11, 9-4, 15-4, 24-27Folded monopole: .................................................................2-14, 9-16Force 12 C-3 triband Yagi: ........................................................... 11-27Forward stagger, Yagi antenna: .................................................... 11-26Four-square array: .................................................................6-20, 6-27Franklin array: ................................................................................ 15-9Frequency coordination: .............................................................. 18-15Frequency scaling: ......................................................................... 1-16Front-to-back ratio (F/B): .............................................................. 1-14

Yagi antenna: ............................................................................. 11-4Front-to-rear ratio (F/R): .......................................................1-14, 11-4Front-to-side ratio: ......................................................................... 1-14

GG5RV multiband antenna: .............................................................. 10-6Gain: ........................................................................................1-7, 1-11

At VHF and UHF: ..................................................................... 15-1Boom length: ....................................................................6-6, 15-27Broadside array: ........................................................................... 6-6Calculated from beamwidth: ........................................................ 6-3dBi: ............................................................................................ 6-12Dish antenna: ........................................................................... 15-59Measurement: .......................................................................... 27-39Power: ........................................................................................6-1ffRelative to single element: ......................................................... 6-12Stacking: ...................................................................................... 6-6Yagi antenna: ....................................................................11-3, 11-6

Galvanic series: ............................................................................ 26-46GAMMA: ...................................................................................... 24-29Gamma match: .......................................................... 6-21, 15-4, 24-27Geoclock: ....................................................................................... 4-40Geomagnetic storm: ....................................................................... 4-26Geometric optics (GO): ................................................................ 14-20Gin pole: ............................................................................26-22, 26-24Glass-mount VHF/UHF antenna: .................................................. 16-5Gloves: ........................................................................................... 26-5GNEC: .......................................................................................7-6, 8-2Goggles: ......................................................................................... 26-5Goniometer: ................................................................................. 22-22Gray-line propagation: ................................................................... 4-27Great circle path: ............................................................................ 4-26Gregorian antenna: ....................................................................... 17-16Ground

Antenna modeling: ..................................................................... 8-10Conductivity map: ........................................................................ 3-2Effects of: ...................................................................................3-1ffElectrical characteristics: ............................................................. 3-2Loss: ............................................................................... 6-10, 6-23ffPower loss: ................................................................................... 3-8Soil types: .................................................................................... 3-3

Ground plane: ................................................................................. 2-13Ground property measurement: ...................................................... 3-31Ground reflections

Horizontal antennas: .................................................................. 3-24Vertical antennas: ....................................................................... 3-21

Ground screen: ............................................................................... 3-10Ground system: ............................................................................ 26-19

Elevated: ..................................................................................3-13ffMaritime HF antennas: ............................................................ 21-25Multiband: .................................................................................. 3-19Radials: ...................................................................................... 3-10Vertical antennas: ......................................................................... 3-6Wire: ............................................................................................ 3-9

Ground wave: ................................................................................... 4-2Ground-plane antenna: ..........................................................9-14, 15-5

Corner reflector: ....................................................................... 15-53Elevated radials: ......................................................................... 9-19

Guy wireCutting: .................................................................................... 26-32Phillystran: ............................................................................... 26-32Preforms: .................................................................................. 26-31Resonance: ............................................................................... 26-33Swaged fittings: ....................................................................... 26-31Tension: .................................................................................... 26-34Types and grades: ..................................................................... 26-30

Guyed tower: ..............................................................................26-13ffGuying: ......................................................................................26-30ff

Anchors: ................................................................................... 26-10Design: ..................................................................................... 26-16Material: ................................................................................... 26-10Tension: .................................................................................... 26-10

Gyrofrequency (electron): .............................................................. 4-19

HH field: ............................................................................................. 1-1H-plane: .......................................................................................... 1-11

Hairpin match: ....................................................................15-4, 24-30Hairpin tuner: ............................................................................... 24-12Half-power points: ........................................................................... 6-2Half-sloper antenna: ....................................................................... 9-29

1.8 MHz: .................................................................................... 9-31Half-square antenna: ...................................................................... 12-9Halo antenna: ......................................................................16-3, 16-12Hard hat: ......................................................................................... 26-5Hardline: .......................................................................... 15-3, 23-20ff

Connectors: .............................................................................. 23-30Hardware for antenna construction: ............................................. 25-14Harmonic suppression by tuners: ................................................... 24-3HDL_ANT: ................................................................................... 17-17Height above average terrain (HAAT): .......................................... 18-3Helical antenna: .........................................................................17-10ffHelical-wound mobile HF antenna: ............................................. 21-14HFTA: ................................ 3-1, 3-21, 8-1, 14-1ff, 14-22ff, 15-18, 18-2High-altitude Elliptical Orbit (HEO) satellites: ............................. 17-2Hog horn antenna: ........................................................................ 17-16Horizontal polarization: ................................................................. 1-15Horn antenna: .............................................................................15-58ff

Safety: ...................................................................................... 15-61Hose clamps: .................................................................................. 25-8House bracket: ............................................................................. 26-14Hy-Gain Yagi: .............................................................................. 11-24Hybrid coupler: .............................................................................. 6-16

IImpedance: .....................................................................................1-5ff

Measurement: .......................................................................... 27-23Impedance matching: ...................................................................24-2ff

At the antenna: .......................................................................24-25ffAt VHF and UHF: ..................................................................... 15-3Beta match: .............................................................................. 24-30Broadband matching: ............................................................... 24-35Delta match: ....................................................................15-4, 24-26Folded dipole: ............................................................................ 15-4Frequency range: ..................................................................... 24-25Gamma match: ................................................................15-4, 24-27Hairpin match: ................................................................15-4, 24-30Mobile HF antenna: ................................................................. 21-11Omega match: .......................................................................... 24-30Resonant circuit: ...................................................................... 24-35Stubs: ....................................................................................... 24-32T match: .............................................................. 15-4, 15-30, 24-27Universal stub: ........................................................................... 15-3

Indoor antennas: ............................................................................. 20-4Instantaneous polarization: ............................................................ 1-15Insulators: ....................................................................................... 25-4

Feed point: ................................................................................. 25-5Parallel-wire line: ....................................................................... 25-6

Insurance: ............................................................................26-6, 26-49Interaction, antenna modeling: ........................................................ 14-3Interference of waves: .................................................................. 14-20Interferometer: ............................................................................. 22-27Interlaced elements, Yagi .............................................................. 11-26Inverted-L: .............................................................................9-26, 9-28Inverted-V dipole: ............................................................................ 9-5IONCAP/VOACAP: ................................................ 4-26, 4-33ff, 14-7ffIonizing radiation: .......................................................................... 1-18Ionosonde: ...................................................................................... 4-18Ionosphere: ..................................................................................... 4-16

D layer (D region): ..................................................................... 4-17E layer (E region): ..................................................................... 4-17F layer (F region): ...................................................................... 4-17

Ionospheric propagationBending: ..................................................................................... 4-17Disturbed conditions: ................................................................. 4-25Geomagnetic storm: ................................................................... 4-26Lowest usable frequency (LUF): ............................................... 4-24Maximum usable frequency (MUF): ......................................... 4-23Multi-hop: .................................................................................. 4-22Scatter: ......................................................................................... 4-5Skip zone: .................................................................................. 4-21

Ionospheric sounding: .................................................................... 4-18Isolation, repeater antennas: ........................................................... 18-7Isotropic radiator: ....................................................................1-7, 6-12

JJ-pole antenna: ............................................................................... 15-5

KK index: .......................................................................................... 4-42K6STI loop: ................................................................................... 22-8K9AY loop: .................................................................................... 22-9Kansas City Tracker (KCT): ........................................................ 17-31Knife-edge diffraction: ................................................................... 4-11Knots: ........................................................................................... 26-26

LL network: .............................................................................24-2, 24-4

Array feed: ................................................................................. 6-19Lanyard: ......................................................................................... 26-2Lazy H antenna: ........................................................................... 12-17Length-to-diameter radio (l/d): ........................................................ 2-5Lightning protection: ................................................................... 26-20Limited space antennas (see Stealth antennas)Lindenblad antenna: ....................................................................... 17-9Line launcher: ................................................................................ 26-6Linear actuator: ............................................................................ 17-27Linear coordinate system: .............................................................. 1-12Linear loading: ............................................................................... 9-24

Yagi antenna: ........................................................................... 11-28Linear polarization: .......................................................................... 1-4Litz wire: ........................................................................................ 5-15Loading coil, mobile HF antenna: .................................................. 21-6Lobes, major and minor: ................................................................... 6-2Log-periodic dipole array (LPDA): ...............................................7-1ff

3.5 or 7 MHz: ........................................................................... 10-295-band, 13-30 MHz: ................................................................. 10-32Construction: ................................................................................ 7-8Design: ........................................................................ 7-1, 7-9, 7-11Feeding: ....................................................................................... 7-8Software: ...................................................................................... 7-4VHF and UHF: ......................................................................15-48ffWideband performance: ............................................................... 7-6

Logarithmic coordinate system: ..................................................... 1-12Long path propagation: .................................................................. 4-26Long-wire antennas: .....................................................................13-1ff

Characteristics: .......................................................................... 13-1Directivity: ................................................................................. 13-3Feed methods: ............................................................................ 13-5Length: ....................................................................................... 13-5Parallel: ...................................................................................... 13-6Radiation patterns: ..................................................................... 13-2Terminated: .............................................................................. 13-10V-beam: ...................................................................................... 13-6

Loop antennas: ...............................................................................5-1ff1.8 MHz receiving loop: .......................................................... 22-1314 MHz, vertically polarized: .................................................... 9-347 MHz, full size: ........................................................................ 9-32Arrays: ....................................................................................... 5-19Compact 40 meter loop for recreational vehicle: ....................... 19-7Construction, small loops: ....................................................... 20-12Delta: ............................................................................................ 5-5Direction-finding: .................................................................... 22-18Ferrite core: ................................................................................ 5-17Ferrite core for direction finding: ............................................ 22-25Frame loop for direction finding: ............................................. 22-23Half-wave: .................................................................................. 5-10Horizontal: ................................................................................. 5-10Indoor: ........................................................................................ 20-4K6STI receiving loop: ............................................................... 22-8K9AY receiving loop: ................................................................ 22-9Large: ........................................................................................... 5-1

Loop Skywire: ......................................................................... 10-11One wavelength: ........................................................................ 9-32Q: ............................................................................................... 5-15Quad: ............................................................................................ 5-1Rectangular, horizontally polarized: .......................................... 9-33Shielded: .................................................................................... 5-14Small: ......................................................................................... 5-12Transmitting, small loops: ..............................................5-21, 20-10Tuned: ........................................................................................ 5-12

Loop Yagi: .................................................................................... 15-42Loopquad: .................................................................................... 15-42Loss

Matching networks: ................................................................... 24-4Transmission line: .................................................................... 24-20

Loss resistance: .............................................................................. 6-10Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites: .................................................. 17-2Lowest usable frequency (LUF): ................................................... 4-24LPCAD: ............................................................................................ 7-4LVB Tracker: ................................................................................ 17-31LXC Prime Directive: .................................................................. 26-28

MMagnetic (mag) mount

Mobile HF antenna: ................................................................. 21-18VHF/UHF antenna: .................................................................... 16-6

Magnetosphere: .............................................................................. 4-11Main lobe: ........................................................................................ 1-9Major and minor lobes: .................................................................... 6-2MARC: .......................................................................................... 26-19Maritime HF antennas: ..............................................................21-20ff

Backstay vertical: ..................................................................... 21-22Grounding system: ................................................................... 21-25Modeling: ................................................................................. 21-21Power boats: ............................................................................. 21-26Tuners: ..................................................................................... 21-23

MastAB-577: ..................................................................................... 26-8Design: ..........................................................................26-18, 26-53Fiberglass: .................................................................................. 26-9Guying: ...................................................................................... 26-9Material strength: ..................................................................... 26-18Portable: ................................................................................... 19-12Push-up: ..................................................................................... 26-8TV: ............................................................................................. 26-8Wind load: ................................................................................ 26-51

Matchbox: ...................................................................................... 24-2Matched transmission lines: ........................................................... 23-4

Loss: ........................................................................................... 23-6Matching

Impedance: ...............................................................................24-2ffNetworks: ................................................................................... 24-2

Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE): .............................1-18, 1-20Antenna modeling: ..................................................................... 8-17

Maximum usable frequency (MUF): ............................................. 4-23Measurement

Element current: ......................................................................... 6-34Feed line electrical length: ......................................................... 6-38Self and mutual impedance: ....................................................... 6-39

Mechanical beamtilt: ...................................................................... 18-5Meteor scatter: ............................................................................. 15-21Method of moments: ........................................................................ 8-1MicroDEM: .......................................................... 14-26ff, 18-2, 18-2ffMicrosmith: .................................................................................... 8-12Microwave antennas: ..................................................................15-55ff

Patch: ....................................................................................... 15-65Periscope: ................................................................................. 15-66Vivaldi: ..................................................................................... 15-64

MININEC: .....1-15, 1-24, 6-21ff, 7-6, 8-1, 10-27, 14-19, 21-21, 22-10MININEC ground: .......................................................................... 8-10MMDS dish antenna: ................................................................... 17-18MOBILE: ...............................................................................9-21, 21-6Mobile flutter: .................................................................................. 4-3Mobile HF antennas: ....................................................................21-1ff

Base loading: ............................................................................. 21-3

Center loading: ........................................................................... 21-3Controller: ................................................................................ 21-18Efficiency: .................................................................................. 21-8Equivalent circuit: ...................................................................... 21-2Helical wound: ......................................................................... 21-14Impedance matching: ............................................................... 21-11Indoor use: ................................................................................. 20-6Linear loading: ......................................................................... 21-14Loading coil: .............................................................................. 21-6Mounting: ................................................................................ 21-16Radiation resistance: .................................................................. 21-5Screwdriver: ............................................................................. 21-14

Mobile VHF/UHF antennas: ........................................................16-1ff1⁄4 wavelength whip: ................................................................. 16-75⁄8 wavelength whip for 2 meters: ............................................. 16-75⁄8 wavelength whip for 222 MHz: ........................................... 16-86 meter FM: ............................................................................... 16-4Angle bracket: ............................................................................ 16-4Big wheel for 2 meters: .............................................................. 16-9Glass mount: .............................................................................. 16-5Halo for 6 meters: .................................................................... 16-12Hand-held transceiver: ............................................................... 16-1Horizontally polarized for SSB/CW: ......................................... 16-3Lip mount: ................................................................................. 16-5Magnetic (mag) mount: ............................................................. 16-6Mounts for whip antennas: ........................................................ 16-4Rubber ducky: ............................................................................ 16-1SO-239 mount: ........................................................................... 16-4Stud mount: ................................................................................ 16-4

Mode, waveguide: ........................................................................ 15-56Monopole

Characteristics: .......................................................................... 2-13Folded: ..............................................................................2-14, 9-16

Moonbounce: ...............................................................................17-1ffMoxon rectangle: ......................................................................... 11-29

40 meter: .................................................................................. 11-29Portable 15 meter beam: .......................................................... 19-11

Multicoupler, transmitter: ............................................................ 18-12Mutual coupling: .............................................................................. 6-4Mutual impedance: ................................................................. 1-6, 6-4ff

Measurement: ............................................................................ 6-39

NN connectors: ............................................................................... 23-27National Electrical Code (NEC): ..........................................25-1, 26-5

Conductor sizes: ......................................................................... 25-3NCDXF/IARU beacon system: ...................................................... 4-24Near field: ......................................................................................... 1-8

Antenna modeling: ..................................................................... 8-17Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS): ..................................14-9ff

Antenna height: ........................................................................ 14-14Frequency selection: ................................................................ 14-14

NEC: ...............1-15, 1-24, 7-5, 8-1, 10-27, 14-19, 15-23, 21-21, 22-10NEC-2: ................................................................................11-3, 11-33NEC-4: ......................................................................................... 15-22NEC-BSC: .................................................................................... 14-20NEC-Win Plus: .............................................................. 7-6, 8-2, 14-19NEC-Win Pro: .................................................................................. 8-2NEC/Wires: ................................................................................... 10-34NEMA 4 enclosure: ..................................................................... 17-30Network

Impedance matching: ...............................................................24-4ffL, T, Pi: ...................................................................................... 24-2Matching: ................................................................................... 24-2

New Motorola Mount (NMO): ...................................................... 16-4Noise bridge: ................................................................................ 27-20Noise temperature: ......................................................................... 17-5Nonionizing radiation: ................................................................... 1-18Null: ........................................................................................1-9, 6-12

OOff-center-fed (OCF) dipole: ..................................................2-6, 10-8Ohmic loss: .................................................................................... 6-10Omega match: .............................................................................. 24-30

Omnidirectional: ............................................................................ 1-14Open sleeve antenna: ................................................................... 10-22Open-wire transmission line: ..............................................23-2, 23-19Ordinary wave: ................................................................................. 4-4OSHA: ............................................................................................ 26-2

PParabolic reflector (dish): ................................... 15-59ff, 17-5, 17-16ff

Feed systems: .........................................................................17-21ffKit: ........................................................................................... 17-18Use with satellites: ................................................................... 17-24

Parallel-wire transmission line: ...........................................23-2, 23-19Installing: ................................................................................. 23-33

Parasitic array: .................................................................................. 6-2Parasitic element: ........................................................................... 11-1Patch antenna: ................................................................ 15-65, 17-21ffPattern (see Radiation pattern)Pedersen ray: .................................................................................. 4-21Pennant receiving antenna: .......................................................... 22-13Periscope antenna: ....................................................................... 15-66Phase

Element current: ........................................................................... 6-3Versus polarity: ......................................................................1-4, 6-4

Phased array: ................................................................................6-10ffAdjustment: ................................................................................ 6-34Effect of load reactance: ............................................................ 6-15Feeding and feed systems: ......................................................... 6-14Measurement: .......................................................................... 27-30Use of baluns: ............................................................................ 6-21Use of delay lines: ...................................................................6-14ff

Phasing lines: ................................................................................. 6-14Electrical length: ........................................................................ 6-38

Phillystran: ................................................................................... 26-32Pi network: ............................................................................24-2, 24-5Pier-pin tower base: ...................................................................... 26-18Plane reflector: ............................................................................. 15-27Plane wave: ...................................................................................... 4-1Plastic antenna materials: ............................................................. 25-14Plumber’s delight: ........................................................................ 24-28Polaplexer: ................................................................................... 15-61Polar cap absorption (PCA): .......................................................... 4-25Polar mount: ................................................................................. 17-27Polarity: .....................................................................................1-4, 6-4Polarization: ......................................................................... 1-15ff, 4-4

At VHF and UHF: ..................................................................... 15-2Circular: ..................................................................1-4, 1-15, 17-6ffElliptical: .............................................................................1-4, 17-8Horizontal: ................................................................................. 1-15Instantaneous: ............................................................................ 1-15Linear: .......................................................................................... 1-4Repeater antennas: ..................................................................... 18-1Sense: ......................................................................................... 17-6Switching: .................................................................................. 17-7Vertical: ...................................................................................... 1-15VHF/UHF antennas: .................................................................... 4-5

Portable antennas: ........................................................................19-1ff2-element 20/15/10 meter Yagi: .............................................. 19-102-element 6 meter quad: ............................................................ 19-9Compact 40 meter loop for recreational vehicle: ....................... 19-7HF vertical travel antenna: ......................................................... 19-6Inverted V: ................................................................................. 19-3Masts and antenna supports: .................................................... 19-12Portable 15 meter beam: .......................................................... 19-11Tree mounted HF ground plane: ................................................ 19-6Twinlead folded dipole: ............................................................. 19-3Whip dipole: .............................................................................. 19-4Zip cord: ..................................................................................... 19-3

Power absorber: .............................................................................. 27-8Power density: .......................................................................1-11, 1-23Prop-pitch rotator: ........................................................................ 26-19Propagation: ...................................................................................4-1ff

Antenna elevation patterns: ........................................................ 4-36Antenna polarization: ................................................................... 4-4Auroral: ...................................................................................... 4-11

Elevation angles: ........................................................................ 4-32Gray-line: ................................................................................... 4-27Ground wave: ............................................................................... 4-2HF: ...........................................................................................4-12ffHF scatter modes: ...................................................................... 4-29Ionospheric scatter: ...................................................................... 4-5Knife-edge diffraction: .............................................................. 4-11Long path: .................................................................................. 4-26One way: .................................................................................... 4-26Prediction: ................................................................................4-30ffShort path: .................................................................................. 4-26Skip: ........................................................................................... 4-21Sky-wave: ................................................................................4-12ffSoftware: .................................................................................... 4-40Solar activity data: ..................................................................... 4-41Sporadic E (Es): ..............................................................4-28, 15-18Tables: ........................................................................................ 4-37Transequatorial: ........................................................................... 4-5Tropospheric bending: ................................................................. 4-2Tropospheric propagation: ........................................................... 4-7Tropospheric scatter: .................................................................... 4-5VHF/UHF: ................................................................................... 4-3Weather effects: ........................................................................... 4-6

Proplab Pro: ..........................................................................4-20, 4-41Pseudo-Brewster Angle (PBA): ..................................................... 3-22Pulley: .................................................................................26-7, 26-27PVRC mount: ............................................................................... 26-43

QQ-section: ..........................................................................15-15, 24-21Quad antennas: ...........................................................................11-30ff

2-element for 20/17/15/12/10 meters: ..................................... 11-385-element for 20/15/10 meters: ................................................ 11-35Construction: ............................................................................ 11-33Cubical versus concentric: ....................................................... 11-32Diamond versus square: ........................................................... 11-34Feed point: ............................................................................... 11-33Multiband: ................................................................................ 11-32Performance parameters: ......................................................... 11-30Portable 2-element 6 meter: ....................................................... 19-9Versus Yagis: ............................................................................ 11-30VHF and UHF: .......................................................... 15-13ff, 15-45

Quad loop: ........................................................................................ 5-1Feed point: ................................................................................... 5-5Polarization: ................................................................................. 5-2

Quadrifilar Helix (QFH) antenna: ................................................ 17-10Quagi antenna: ..................................................................15-39, 17-16Quarter-wave impedance transformer: ......................................... 23-16Quarter-wave section: .......................................................24-21, 24-24

RRadial: ...................................................................................2-13, 3-10

Elevated: ..................................................................................3-13ffElevated ground plane: .............................................................. 9-19Multiband: .................................................................................. 3-19Optimized length: ...................................................................... 3-12Spacing: ..................................................................................... 9-14

RadiationIonizing: ..................................................................................... 1-18Nonionizing: .............................................................................. 1-18

Radiation efficiency: ...................................................................... 6-11Radiation pattern: ............................................................................. 1-7

At VHF and UHF: ..................................................................... 15-2Azimuth: .................................................................................... 1-10Beamwidth: ................................................................................ 1-14Coordinate scale: ....................................................................... 1-12Dipole antennas: ...................................................................2-1, 2-9E-plane: ...................................................................................... 1-11Elevation: ................................................................................... 1-10Front-to-back ratio (F/B): .......................................................... 1-14Front-to-rear ratio (F/R): ............................................................ 1-14Front-to-side ratio: ..................................................................... 1-14

H-plane: ..................................................................................... 1-11Long-wire antennas: .................................................................. 13-2Main lobe: .................................................................................... 1-9Measurement: .................................................................1-14, 27-40Null: ............................................................................................. 1-9Omnidirectional: ........................................................................ 1-14Over real ground: ....................................................................... 3-25Repeater antennas: ..................................................................... 18-3Side lobe: ..................................................................................... 1-9Terminated long-wire: ............................................................. 13-11V-beam: ...................................................................................... 13-6Yagi antenna: ............................................................................. 11-3

Radiation resistance: .................................................................1-5, 3-8Mobile HF antenna: ................................................................... 21-5

Radio horizon: .................................................................................. 4-3Radio Mobile for Windows: ........................................................... 18-2Random-wire antenna: ................................................................... 10-2Ray: .................................................................................................. 4-1Ray tracing: .................................................................................. 14-19Receiving antennas: .....................................................................22-1ff

1.8 MHz loop: .......................................................................... 22-13Active antennas: ....................................................................... 22-15Arrays: ....................................................................................... 6-21Beverage: ................................................................................... 22-1EWE: .......................................................................................... 22-9Flag: ......................................................................................... 22-13K6STI loop: ............................................................................... 22-8K9AY loop: ................................................................................ 22-9Pennant: ................................................................................... 22-13

Reciprocity: .................................................................................... 1-16Rectangular grid: ............................................................................ 1-13Reflection: ........................................................................................ 4-1Reflection coefficient: .................................................................... 23-7Reflectometer: .............................................................................. 27-10Reflector: ........................................................................................ 11-1Reflector antenna: ......................................................................15-51ffRefraction: ........................................................................................ 4-1Refurbishing aluminum antennas: ............................................... 28-12Reinforcing bar (rebar): ....................................................26-17, 26-29Relative permittivity (er): ................................................................. 3-2Repeater antennas: .......................................................................18-1ff

Cavity resonator: ........................................................................ 18-9Couplers: .................................................................................. 18-12Coverage area: ........................................................................... 18-2Duplexer: ................................................................................. 18-10Horizontal versus vertical polarization: ..................................... 18-1Isolation: .................................................................................... 18-7Mounting: .................................................................................. 18-6Radiation pattern: ....................................................................... 18-3System planning: ..................................................................... 18-15Transmission lines: .................................................................... 18-1

Resistance (ohmic), loss: ............................................................... 6-10Resonance: ..............................................................................1-6, 23-9

Antenna: ................................................................................... 24-25Choke balun: ............................................................................ 24-43Impedance matching: ............................................................... 24-35

RF ammeter: ................................................................................... 27-3RF connectors (see Connectors)RF current

Measurement: .......................................................................... 27-34Meter: ......................................................................................... 27-2Probe: ......................................................................................... 27-3

RF interference from stealth antennas: ........................................... 20-3RF phase measurement: ............................................................... 27-34RF power measurement: .............................................................. 27-11RF safety: .....................................................................................1-18ff

ANSI standard: .......................................................................... 1-22Awareness guidelines: ................................................................ 1-24Dish and horn antennas: ........................................................... 15-61FCC regulations: ........................................................................ 1-20IEEE standard: ........................................................................... 1-22Maximum permissible exposure (MPE): ..........................1-18, 1-20Power density: ............................................................................ 1-23Safe exposure levels: .................................................................. 1-19Specific absorption rate (SAR): ................................................. 1-18

Station evaluation: ..................................................................... 1-21RF sampler: .................................................................................. 27-13RF step attenuator: ....................................................................... 27-15RF voltmeter: ................................................................................. 27-1RF wattmeter: ............................................................................... 27-11Rhombic: ........................................................................................ 13-9

Feed methods: .......................................................................... 13-15Multi-wire: ............................................................................... 13-15Multiband design: .................................................................... 13-13Terminated: .............................................................................. 13-11Termination: ............................................................................. 13-13

Right/left-hand polarization (RH/LHCP): ..................................... 17-6Ring rotator: ................................................................................. 26-19Rope

Care: ......................................................................................... 26-25Knots: ....................................................................................... 26-26Selection: ........................................................................26-7, 26-25

Rotation loop: ............................................................................... 26-38Rotator: ........................................................................................ 26-19

Control cable: ........................................................................... 26-44Maintenance: ............................................................................ 26-49Thrust bearing: ......................................................................... 26-19

Rubber ducky antenna: ................................................................... 16-1

SS-parameter: ................................................................................. 27-29Safety

After a failure: .......................................................................... 26-49Electrical: ................................................................................... 26-4Electrical lines near antennas: ................................................... 20-1Ground system: ........................................................................ 26-19RF exposure: .............................................................................. 20-2Climbing and tower: ................................................................26-1ff

Safety equipment: ........................................................................26-2ffBelt .............................................................................................. 26-2Fall-arrest harness (FAH) ............................................................ 26-2Suppliers: ................................................................................... 26-5

Satellite band designations: ............................................................ 17-3Satellite antenna systems: ............................................................17-1ffSCALE: ....................................................................................1-17, 8-8Scatter

HF propagation modes: .............................................................. 4-29VHF propagation modes ............................................................... 4-5

Screwdriver antenna: .................................................................... 21-14Self impedance: ...........................................................1-6, 6-4ff, 11-10

Measurement: ............................................................................ 6-39Self-resonance: ................................................................................. 6-5Sensing antenna: .......................................................................... 22-19Sensing element: ............................................................................ 5-19Series-section transformer: .......................................................... 24-22Shadow area: .................................................................................... 4-2Shielded loop antenna: ................................................................... 5-14Short path propagation: .................................................................. 4-26Short skip: ...................................................................................... 4-28Shortened Yagi antenna: .............................................................. 11-28Shunt-feed: ..................................................................................... 6-21Side lobe: ......................................................................................... 1-9Sidescatter: ..................................................................................... 4-29Silicone sealant: ........................................................................... 26-46Site planning: ......................................................................14-2, 26-15Skin depth in soil: ............................................................................. 3-4Skip zone: ....................................................................................... 4-21Sky-wave propagation: .................................................................4-12ffSling: ............................................................................................ 26-23Slinky antenna: ............................................................................... 20-5Sloper: .............................................................................................. 9-6

Half-sloper: ................................................................................ 9-29Sloping dipole: ................................................................................. 9-6SMA connectors: ......................................................................... 23-30Smith chart: .......................................................................24-33, 27-31Smoothed sunspot number (SSN): ................................................. 4-14Snatch-block: ............................................................................... 26-27Snell’s law: ................................................................................... 14-20

SoftwareACE-HF: .................................................................................... 4-41Antenna Model: ........................................................................... 8-2Antenna modeling: ....................................................................... 8-1EFFLEN.FOR: ........................................................................... 1-17EZNEC: ............................................................ 6-10ff, 11-2ff, 14-19EZNEC -Pro/2: ............................................................................ 8-2EZNEC 5.0: .................................................................................. 8-2GNEC: ......................................................................................... 8-2HDL_ANT: ............................................................................... 17-17HFTA: .................................................................................8-1, 18-2Kansas City Tracker (KCT): .................................................... 17-31LVB Tracker: ............................................................................ 17-31MicroDEM: .................................................................. 14-26ff, 18-2MININEC: .............................................................6-21ff, 8-1, 14-19NEC: .................................................................................8-1, 14-19NEC-BSC: ................................................................................ 14-20NEC-Win Plus: ..................................................................8-2, 14-19NEC-Win Pro: .............................................................................. 8-2Propagation prediction: .............................................................. 4-40SCALE: ...................................................................................... 1-17StackMatch: ............................................................................. 14-39VOACAP: ................................................................................. 14-11WSJT: ......................................................................................... 17-2YO: ........................................................................................... 14-19

Software from ARRLAAT: .........................................................................................24-8ffArrayfeed1: ..............................................................................6-18ffEZNEC-ARRL: ....................8-3, 11-2ff, 13-16, 14-19, 21-27, 23-15GAMMA: .................................................................................. 24-29HFTA: ........................... 3-1, 3-21, 8-1, 14-1ff, 14-22ff, 15-18, 18-2MOBILE: ..........................................................................9-21, 21-6SCALE: ........................................................................................ 8-8TLW: ............................................. 6-24, 14-39, 23-13, 24-7ff, 27-24YW: ................................................. 8-8, 11-2ff, 11-33, 14-19, 15-15

SoilConductivity (s): ......................................................................... 3-2Skin depth: .................................................................................... 3-4Types: ........................................................................................... 3-3

Solar activity data: ......................................................................... 4-41Solar flare: ...................................................................................... 4-25Solar flux: ....................................................................................... 4-15Solar wind: ..................................................................................... 4-12Sommerfeld-Norton ground: .................................................6-24, 8-10Space wave: ...................................................................................... 4-2Spatial polarization offset: ............................................................. 17-4Specific absorption rate (SAR): ..................................................... 1-18Sporadic E (Es) propagation: ..............................................4-28, 15-18Squalo antenna: .............................................................................. 16-3Stacking antennas: .....................................................................14-28ff

Azimuthal diversity: ................................................................ 14-41BIP/BOP: ................................................................................. 14-41Cross-polarization: ..................................................................... 17-4Distance between antennas: ..................................................... 14-32Effect of nulls: ......................................................................... 14-31Effect of terrain: ....................................................................... 14-36Elevation coverage: .................................................................. 14-29Fading: ..................................................................................... 14-40Gain: ........................................................................................ 14-29Higher elevation angles: .......................................................... 14-35Multiband Yagis: ...........................................................14-35, 14-38Precipitation static: .................................................................. 14-41Space communications: ...........................................................17-4ffTriband Yagis: ........................................................................... 14-38VHF and UHF: ......................................................................15-13ff

StackMatch: .................................................................................. 14-39Standing waves: ............................................................................. 23-8Standing-wave ratio (see SWR)Stealth antennas: ..........................................................................20-1ff

Disguised: .................................................................................. 20-8Indoor loop: ............................................................................... 20-4Invisible: .................................................................................... 20-8Mobile HF antennas: .................................................................. 20-6Outdoor: ..................................................................................... 20-8RF interference: ......................................................................... 20-3

Safety: ........................................................................................ 20-1Slinky: ........................................................................................ 20-5Small loops: ............................................................................. 20-10VHF/UHF: ................................................................................. 20-7

Sterba curtain: ................................................................................ 12-6Stub, transmission line: ........................................................24-3, 24-32Sudden disappearing filament (SDF): ............................................ 4-25Sunspot: .......................................................................................... 4-13Sunspot cycle: ................................................................................ 4-14Sunspot number: ............................................................................ 4-13

International (ISN): .................................................................... 4-13Smoothed (SSN): ....................................................................... 4-14

Switching systemsBIP/BOP: ................................................................................. 14-41Yagi stacks: ............................................................................14-28ff

SWR: .............................................................................................. 23-9Antenna analyzer: ..................................................................27-20ffBridge circuits: ........................................................................... 27-4Choke balun: .............................................................................. 27-9Common-mode current: ..................................................24-38, 27-9Determination at antenna: ........................................................ 24-21Measurement: ............................................................................ 27-4Myths about: .............................................................................. 24-4Nomograph: ............................................................................. 23-14Power loss: ............................................................................... 23-11Protection of transmitter: ........................................................... 24-1

TT match: .................................................................. 15-4, 15-30, 24-27T network: .............................................................................24-2, 24-6

Adjusting tuner: ......................................................................... 24-7Tape measure Yagi, direction-finding: .......................................... 22-30Tapered element: ............................................................................ 1-17Tapered line: ................................................................................. 24-23Terminated folded dipole (TFD): ................................................. 10-11Terminator: ..................................................................................... 4-27Texas Potato Masher antenna: ........................................................ 17-2Thrust bearing: ............................................................................. 26-19TIA-222 standard: ........................................................................ 26-16Tilt angle: ..................................................................................... 13-12Tilt-over tower: ............................................................................ 26-13Time difference of arrival (TDOA): ............................................. 22-27Time-domain reflectometer (TDR): ............................................. 27-24TLW: ................................................. 6-24, 14-39, 23-13, 24-7ff, 27-24Top loaded vertical: ........................................................................ 9-21Torque compensator: .................................................................... 11-11Tower

Assembly: ................................................................................ 26-38Base: .............................................................................26-16, 26-28Crank-up: ............................................................ 26-4, 26-13, 26-48Engineering: ...........................................................................26-15ffGround and tower crew: ........................................................... 26-36Guyed: ....................................................................................26-13ffHouse bracket: ......................................................................... 26-14Inspection: ................................................................................ 26-47Maintenance: ............................................................................ 26-47Mistakes: .................................................................................. 26-28Pier-pin base: ........................................................................... 26-18Preparation: .............................................................................. 26-37Removing and refurbishing: .................................................... 26-48Roof-mounted: ......................................................................... 26-11Safety: .......................................................................................26-1ffSelection: ................................................................................. 26-15Self-supporting: ....................................................................... 26-11Tilt-over: .................................................................................. 26-13Tools: .....................................................................................26-21ff

Tram system: ................................................................................ 26-39Transequatorial propagation: ........................................................... 4-5Transformer

Broadband matching: ............................................................... 24-35Series-section: .......................................................................... 24-22

Transmatch: .................................................................................... 24-2Transmission lines: ......................................................................23-1ff

Air insulated: ........................................................................... 23-17

At VHF and UHF: ..................................................................... 15-2Attenuation: ............................................................................... 23-6Balun: .....................................................................................24-49ffBaluns: ....................................................................................... 15-5Characteristic impedance (Z0): .................................................. 23-4Coaxial cable: .................................................................23-2, 23-20Current and voltage: ................................................................... 27-1Half-wavelength: ...................................................................... 23-16Hardline: ...................................................................... 15-3, 23-20ffImpedance matching: .............................................................24-21ffInput impedance: ..................................................................... 23-13Loss, effect on system: ............................................................. 24-20Matched: .................................................................................... 23-4Matched line loss: ...................................................................... 23-6Mismatched: .............................................................................. 23-5Open-wire: ......................................................................23-2, 23-19Parallel-wire: ...................................................................23-2, 23-19Power loss due to SWR: .......................................................... 23-11Quarter-wave impedance transformer: .................................... 23-16Reactive load: .......................................................................... 23-15Reflection coefficient: ................................................................ 23-7Repeater antennas: ..................................................................... 18-1Standing waves: ......................................................................... 23-8Standing-wave ratio (SWR): ...................................................... 23-9System design: .......................................................................24-18ffTapered line: ............................................................................ 24-23Testing: .................................................................................... 23-34Twinlead: ................................................................................. 23-19Velocity factor (VF): .................................................................. 23-3Velocity of propagation: ............................................................ 23-3Voltage and current: ......................................................23-12, 23-17Zip cord: ..................................................................................... 19-2

Transmitter power output (TPO): ................................................... 1-17Transverse electric (TE), mode: ................................................... 15-57Transverse magnetic (TM), mode: ............................................... 15-57Trap antennas: .............................................................................. 10-13

Losses: ..................................................................................... 10-15Vertical: .................................................................................... 10-21W3DZZ: ................................................................................... 10-15W8NX multiband dipole: ........................................................ 10-16Yagi: ......................................................................................... 11-26

Trees: ............................................................................................26-6ffTriangulation: ............................................................................... 22-17Troposphere: .................................................................................... 4-2Tropospheric propagation

Bending: ....................................................................................... 4-2Ducting: ....................................................................................... 4-7Scatter: ......................................................................................... 4-5

Troubleshooting: ..........................................................................28-1ffFeed system: .....................................................................28-7, 28-9Measurements: ........................................................................... 28-5Mechanical: ................................................................................ 28-6Records: ..................................................................................... 28-9SWR: ...............................................................................28-8, 28-10Test steps: ................................................................................... 28-2Yagi antennas: .......................................................................... 28-10

Trough reflector: .......................................................................... 15-54Tuner: ............................................................................................. 24-2Turnbuckle: .................................................................................. 26-34Turnstile antenna: ........................................................................... 17-8TV antenna conversion: ............................................................... 15-49TVRO dish antennas: ..................................................... 17-16, 17-25ffTwelfth-wave section: .................................................................. 24-22Twilight zone: ................................................................................ 4-27Twinlead: ...................................................................................... 23-19

UUHF connectors: .......................................................................... 23-25Universal stub: ............................................................................... 15-3US Geologic Survey (USGS): ...................................................... 14-25Utility locator service: .................................................................. 26-29Utility pole: .................................................................................... 26-9

VV-beam antenna: ............................................................................. 13-6

Steerable, 10-40 meters: .......................................................... 13-16Vapor wrap: .................................................................................. 26-45Vector Network Analyzer (VNA): ............................................... 27-28Velocity factor (VF): ...............................................................1-3, 23-3

Measurement: .......................................................................... 27-22Velocity of propagation: ................................................................... 1-3

Transmission lines: .................................................................... 23-3Vertical antennas

1.8 to 3.5 MHz using tower: ...................................................... 9-1843 foot, multiband: ................................................................... 10-20Base loading: ............................................................................. 9-21Dipole: ..............................................................................2-11, 9-10Elevated radials: ......................................................................... 9-19Examples: .................................................................................. 9-16Far field ground reflections: ...................................................... 3-21Folded monopole: .............................................................2-14, 9-16Ground plane radials: ................................................................. 9-12Ground system: ............................................................................ 3-6HF travel antenna: ...................................................................... 19-6Loading techniques: ................................................................... 9-21Maritime HF antennas: ............................................................ 21-22Monopoles: ................................................................................ 2-13Multiband: ................................................................................ 10-20Over real ground: ....................................................................... 3-28Shortened: .......................................................................9-21, 10-20Top loading: ............................................................................... 9-21Trap: ......................................................................................... 10-21Tree mounted HF ground plane: ................................................ 19-6

Vertical dipole: ................................................................................. 9-6Vertical polarization: ...................................................................... 1-15Vertical-beam downtilt: .................................................................. 18-4VHF/UHF

Antenna polarization: ................................................................... 4-5Propagation: ....................................................................... 4-3, 4-5ffReliable coverage distances: ........................................................ 4-8Station gain: ................................................................................. 4-9

VHF/UHF antennas: ....................................................................15-1ffIndoor: ........................................................................................ 20-7Mobile: .....................................................................................16-1ff

Vivaldi antenna: ........................................................................... 15-64VOAAREA: ..........................................................................4-22, 14-11VOACAP: ................................................................... 4-23, 4-41, 14-11Voltage balun: .............................................................................. 24-52Vortex shedding: ............................................................................ 26-9

WW1AW 80 meter cage dipole: .......................................................... 9-9W3DZZ antenna: ......................................................................... 10-15W6ELProp: ..................................................................................... 4-41W8JK beam antenna: ................................................................... 12-21W8NX multiband dipole: ............................................................. 10-16Waveguide: ................................................................................... 15-55

Circular: ................................................................................... 15-61Coupling: ................................................................................. 15-57Mode: ....................................................................................... 15-56

WeatherproofingConnectors: .............................................................................. 26-45NEMA 4 enclosure: ................................................................. 17-30Relays and preamplifiers: ........................................................ 17-29

Whip antenna, VHF/UHF: ............................................................. 16-7Wig-wag system of antenna mounting: ........................................ 26-39Wilkinson divider: .......................................................................... 6-16Wind load: .................................................................................... 26-51Windom: ......................................................................................... 10-7Wire

Antenna: ...................................................................................25-1ffCopperweld: ............................................................................... 25-2Hard drawn: ............................................................................... 25-2Sag: ............................................................................................ 25-3Soft drawn: ................................................................................. 25-2

Specifications: ............................................................................ 25-2Splice: ........................................................................................ 25-4Tension: ...................................................................................... 25-3

Wood antenna materials: .............................................................. 25-13WSJT: ............................................................................................. 17-2Wullenweber antenna: .................................................................. 22-22

YYagi Analyzer: .............................................................................. 15-23Yagi antennas: ..............................................................................11-1ff

10 meter Yagis: ........................................................................ 11-1212 meter Yagis: ........................................................................ 11-1415 meter Yagis: ........................................................................ 11-1417 meter Yagis: ........................................................................ 11-1820 meter Yagis: ........................................................................ 11-2030 meter Yagis: ........................................................................ 11-2240 meter Yagis: ........................................................................ 11-2350 MHz: .................................................................................15-19ffAt VHF and UHF: .................................................................15-13ffBeta match: .............................................................................. 11-11Boom construction: .................................................................... 25-9Boom length: ............................................................................. 11-6Cheap Yagis for VHF and UHF: ............................................15-25ffChristmas tree stack: ................................................................ 11-26Construction at VHF and UHF: ............................................... 15-28Correction for boom diameter: ................................................ 15-28Direct-feed: .....................................................................11-5, 24-26Direction-finding: .................................................................... 22-30Director: ..................................................................................... 11-1Driven element: .......................................................................... 11-1Element construction: .............................................................. 25-10Element spacing: ........................................................................ 11-9Element tuning: ........................................................................ 11-10End loading: ............................................................................. 11-28Feed point impedance: ............................................................... 11-4Force 12 C-3 tribander: ............................................................ 11-27

Forward stagger: ...................................................................... 11-26Front-to-back ratio: .................................................................... 11-4Front-to-rear radio: .................................................................... 11-4Gain: .................................................................................11-3, 11-6High-performance at VHF and UHF: ....................................15-27ffImpedance matching: ............................................................... 24-22Interlaced elements: ................................................................. 11-26Linear loading: ......................................................................... 11-28Loop: ........................................................................................ 15-42Modeling: ................................................................................... 11-2Monoband designs: ................................................................11-10ffMoxon rectangle: ..................................................................... 11-29Multiband: ................................................................................ 11-26Optimization: ............................................................................. 11-5Parasitic element: ....................................................................... 11-1Plane reflector: ......................................................................... 15-27Portable 15 meter beam: .......................................................... 19-11Portable 2-element 20/15/10 meter: ......................................... 19-10Radiation pattern: ....................................................................... 11-3Reflector: ................................................................................... 11-1Torque compensator: ................................................................ 11-11Trap antenna: ........................................................................... 11-26Troubleshooting: ...................................................................... 28-10Utility, 144 and 432 MHz: ....................................................... 15-20Versus quads: ........................................................................... 11-30

YagiMax: ...........................................................................14-19, 15-23YagiStress: ...................................................................................... 25-8Yield strength: .............................................................................. 26-19YO: ............................................................................................... 14-19YW: ............................................8-8, 11-2, 11-2ff, 11-33, 14-19, 15-15

ZZepp: .............................................................................................. 12-4

End-fed: ....................................................................................... 9-5Zip cord antenna: ........................................................................... 19-2

Project Index

Direction-finding antennasDouble-Ducky VHF Direction Finder: .................................... 22-27Ferrite-core Loop for 160 Meters: ........................................... 22-25Frame Loop: ............................................................................. 22-23Simple Direction-Finding System for 80 Meters: ................... 22-27Tape-Measure Element Yagi for 2 Meters: .............................. 22-30

DisconeVHF/UHF Discone: ................................................................. 15-50

Filters144 MHz Duplexer Cavities: ................................................... 18-11

Indoor antennasAttic Screwdriver Antenna: ....................................................... 20-7Indoor Stealth Loop: .................................................................. 20-4Slinky Antenna: ......................................................................... 20-5

Log-periodicLog-periodic for 144, 222, and 432 MHz: ............................... 15-49TV-to-ham LPDA Conversion: ................................................ 15-49

Loop antennaQRP Transmitting Loop: ......................................................... 20-12

Microwave miscellaneous antennas12-Foot Stressed Parabolic Dish: ............................................. 17-28Helix Feed for an Offset-Dish Antenna: .................................. 17-21Horn Antenna for 10 GHz: ...................................................... 15-62Patch Antenna for 23 cm: ........................................................ 15-66Periscope Antenna: .................................................................. 15-67TVRO Dish Positioning Controller: ........................................ 17-25Vivaldi Antenna for 1 to 10 GHz: ............................................ 15-64

Mobile antennas1/4-wavelength Whips for VHF and UHF: ................................ 16-75/8-wavelength Whip for 2 Meters: ........................................... 16-75/8-wavelength Whip for 222 MHz: .......................................... 16-8Big Wheel for Two Meters: ....................................................... 16-9Halo for Six Meters: ................................................................ 16-12Screwdriver Antenna for HF: ................................................... 21-14

Portable antennasBlack Widow 15 Meter Beam: ................................................ 19-11Compact 40 Meter Loop for Recreational Vehicles: ................. 19-7HF Vertical Travel Antenna: ...................................................... 19-6Portable Inverted V Antenna: .................................................... 19-3Portable Mast Tripod: .............................................................. 19-12Portable Two-Element Six Meter Quad: .................................... 19-9Portable Whip Dipole: ............................................................... 19-4Tree-mounted HF Ground-Plane Antenna: ................................ 19-6Twinlead Folded Dipole: ........................................................... 19-3Two-element 20/15/10 Meter Triband Yagi: ............................ 19-10

Quad144-MHz 4-Element Quad: ..................................................... 15-45

QuagiQuagi antennas for 144 through 1296 MHz: ........................... 15-39

Receiving antennasK6STI Loop: .............................................................................. 22-9K9AY Loop: ............................................................................... 22-9Receiving Loop for 1.8 MHz: .................................................. 22-13

Reflector antennasCorner reflectors for VHF and UHF: ....................................... 15-52Trough reflectors for 432 and 1296 MHz: ............................... 15-54

Stealth antennasClothesline antenna: ................................................................... 20-9Flagpole antenna: ....................................................................... 20-9

Test InstrumentsCalibration Loads: ................................................................... 27-21Clamp-on RF Current Probe: ..................................................... 27-3Directional Power/SWR Meter: ............................................... 27-11High-Power RF Samplers: ....................................................... 27-13Inexpensive VHF Directional Coupler: ................................... 27-14Portable Field Strength Meter: ................................................. 27-17Power absorber: ......................................................................... 27-8Reflectometer: .......................................................................... 27-10RF Current Meter: ...................................................................... 27-2RF Step Attenuator: ................................................................. 27-15RF Voltmeter: ............................................................................. 27-2Standard Gain Antenna: ........................................................... 27-39SWR Resistance Bridge: ............................................................ 27-7Time-Domain Reflectometer: .................................................. 27-24

Transmission lines4:1 Voltage Baluns: .................................................................. 24-52Broadband Matching Transformers: ........................................ 24-35Coiled Coax Choke Baluns: ..................................................... 24-42Detuning Sleeves: .................................................................... 24-49High-Power ARRL Antenna Tuner: ........................................ 24-13Hybrid Coiled-Coax and Bead Choke Balun: ......................... 24-48Quarter/Three-Quarter-Wave Balun: ....................................... 24-50Transmitting Ferrite-Core Choke Baluns: ............................... 24-43

VHF/UHF miscellaneous antennas144-MHz, 222-MHz, and 440-MHz Ground-planes: ................ 15-650-MHz, 144-MHz, 222-MHz, and 440-MHz J-poles: ............. 15-7Collinear array for 23 cm by F5JIO: ........................................ 15-12Portable Helix for 435 MHz: ................................................... 17-13

Yagi50 MHz: ................................................................................... 15-19Cheap Yagis for VHF and UHF: .............................................. 15-23High-performance Yagis for 144, 222, and 432 MHz: ............ 15-27Loop Yagi for 1296 MHz: ....................................................... 15-42Utility Yagis for 144 and 432 MHz: ........................................ 15-20

Author IndexThe following authors contributed material new to or referenced by this edition of the ARRL Antenna Book or material from previous editions that is included here. Note that in some cases the authors have become Silent Keys and their call signs have been reassigned.

Author CallSign PageRefAdler, Dick K3CXZ 14-20Angle, Chip N6CA 15-42Applegate, Alan KØBG 16-1ff, 21-1ffAtchley, Dana W1CF 9-31Atkins, Bob KA1GT 15-62, 15-67Badger, George W6TC 27-22Baker, Allen KG4JJH 19-11, 20-8Barrett, Lee K7NM 18-4Beazley, Brian K6STI 9-33, 22-8Belcher, D WA4JVE 5-1Belrose, Jack VE2CV 9-32Beverage, Harold W2BML 22-3ffBolljahn, J. T. 10-22Boyer, Joseph W6UYH 10-33Bramwell, Denton K7OWJ 27-15Bray, D. W. K2LMG 4-8Breakall, Jim WA3FET 14-20Breed, Gary K9AY 10-24, 22-9Britain, Kent WA5VJB 15-23, 15-66Brown, Bruce W6TWW 21-2Brown, Fred W6HPH 20-3Brown, Gerald K5OE 17-2ffBrown, Jim K9YC 20-3, 24-42Buchanan, Chester W3DZZ 10-15, 11-26Butler, Don N4UJW 10-10Buxton, Al W8NX 10-16Cadwallader, Joe K6ZMW 17-12Cain, Jim K1TN 12-7Cake, Brian KF2YN 9-11, 20-12Capon, Robert WA3ULH 20-12Carcia, Joe NJ1Q 9-9Caspar, P K4HKX 5-1Cebik, L. B. W4RNL 5-10, 7-1ff, 8-3, 11-29, 11-33, 15-20ff, 15-49, 16-9Cerreto, Bob WA1FXT 16-9Collings, Cole WØYNF 11-28Connelly, Mark WA1ION 22-13Cooper, Clarke K8BP 19-5Coudé, Roger VE2DBE 18-2Cox, Roger WBØDGF 7-4, 10-22Cunningham, Earl K6SE 5-10, 9-18, 22-13Cutsogeorge, George W2VJN 24-4D’Agostino, Philip W1KSC 15-45Danzer, Paul N1II 16-12Daso, Don K4ZA 26-1Demaw, Doug W1FB 5-10, 9-28, 22-23ff, 27-10Dietrich, James WAØRDX 5-1Dixon, Bob W8ERD 19-12Donovan, Frank W3LPL 23-30Duffy, Tim K3LR 9-7Ehrenfried, Martin G8JNJ 20-10Ehrhart, Rod WN8R 9-14Elengo, John W1DQ 25-3Emery, Geoff VK4ZPP 28-1ffEvans, Paul VP9KF 20-2Fenwick, Richard K5RR 11-26Ford, Steve WB8IMY 20-1Geiser, David WA2ANU 22-27

Author CallSign PageRefGentges, Frank KØBRA 22-15Gilbert, Ed K2SQ 24-43Gillette, R. F. W9PE 22-30Gold, Robert WBØKIZ 1-18Gordon, Lew K4VX 11-28Grebenkemper, John KI6WX 27-12Greene, Clarke K1JX 14-17Grover, F. W. 5-14Guth, Peter 14-26, 18-2Hagn, George 3-4Haigwood, Jerry W5JH 12-4Haines, Geoff N1GY 20-9Hall, Jerry K1TD 19-2ffHallas, Joel W1ZR 9-7, 21-24, 24-3ffHalliday, Dave K2DH 17-1ffHansen, Markus VE7CA 19-9ffHarbach, Allen WA4DRU 9-9Hart, Ted W5QJM 5-21, 20-10ffHauff, Frederick W3NZ 27-22Haviland, R. P. W4MB 3-29, 8-1, 11-30Healy, Rus K2UA 22-1ffHerring, Ron W7HD 19-4Heslin, Robert K7RTY 15-49Hoch, Gunter DL6WU 15-27Hollister, Robert N7INK 19-4Hood, Michael KD8JB 15-8Hopengarten, Fred K1VR 14-40, 26-15Hunkeler, Noel F5JIO 15-13Hunt, Dale WB6BYU 22-27Hutchinson, Chuck K8CH 14-2, 19-6Jansson, Dick KD1K 17-1ffJenkinson, Garth VK3BBK 23-30Johnson, Don W6AAQ 21-14Johnston, W. K5ZI 4-26Jones, Bill K8CU 10-29Karl, Ed KØKL 18-1ffKaune, Bill W7IEQ 27-11Keller, J. B. 14-21Kennedy, Hal N4GG 12-14King, Tom KD5HM 27-24Kirby, Tom W1EJ 15-29Knadle, Dick K2RIW 17-28Koontz, Floyd WA2WVL 22-9Kouyournjian, R. G. 14-22Kraus, John W8JK 12-21, 17-10Krome, Ed K9EK 15-25, 17-3Krupp, Daniel W8NWF 10-33Lahlum, Robye W1MK 6-20, 22-1ffLambert, Edgar WA4LVB 10-7Lattin, William W4JRW 10-15Lau, Zack W1VT 15-22Lawson, Jim W2PV 6-6, 11-2ffLee, Paul 6-16Leeson, Dave W6NL 8-16, 11-10ff, 11-29, 24-29, 25-8Leggio, Joe WB2HOL 22-30Leutzelschwab, Carl K9LA 4-1ffLewallen, Roy W7EL 6-7, 6-10ff, 11-2Littlepage, Joseph WE5Y 19-3

Author CallSign PageRefLoukides, Mike W1JQ 12- 7 Lux, Jim W6RMK 26-19Malette, Malcolm WA9BVS 22-23Mallozzi, Dominic N1DM 5-1ff, 18-1ff, 20-10ffMalowanchuk, Barry VE4MA 17-28Marshall, Joe WA4EPY 4-5Mata, Jose EA3VY 22-13Maxwell, Walt W2DU 3-32McClain, David N7AIG 23-13McCoy, Lew W1ICP 5-21, 27-18McEneaney, Joe KG6PCI 21-17McKim, Jim WØCY 17-13Meister, Robert WA1MIK 27-11Messenger, George K6CT 4-5Michaels, Charles W7XC 3-22Miller, Dennis KM9O 7-4Miller, James 17-3Mitchell, Bob N5RM 14-38Moore, Clarence W9LZX 11-30Moore, Sam NX5Z 13-16Morris, Steve K7LXC 26-1ffMoss, TJ G3RUH 17-17Moxon, Les G6XN 11-29Muggli, Ken KØHL 21-16Myers, Bob W1XT 11-26Neece, Bob KØKR 24-4Nelson, R. A. WBØIKN 24-29Nichols, Steve GØYKA 20--1ffOrdy, Greg W8WWV 8-3Orr, Bill W6SAI 11-30Overbeck, Wayne N6NB 15-39Parker, Albert N4AQ 20-9Parmley, William KR8L 19-2Pathak, P. H. 14-22Patterson, Bob K5DZE 15-50Peterson, Arthur W7CZB 20-5Phelps, Ted W8TP 20-4Pietraszewski, David K1WA 9-7Pittard, Ross VK3CE 28-1ffPortune, John W6NBC 17-10, 19-7Powlishen, Steve K1FO 15-27Rauch, Tom W8JI 6-16, 6-22, 6-35, 22-8, 27-2Regier, Frank OD5CG 24-22Rhea, Randy 24-24Richard, Louis ON4UF 10-10Richardson, Don K6MHE 16-3Rockwell, Paul W3AFM 14-17Rohde, Ulrich N1UL 22-15Romander, Hugo W2NB 12-4Ruperto, Eugene W3KH 17-10

Author CallSign PageRefRusgrove, Jay W1VD 19-3Russell, Thomas N4KG 9-19Salas, Phil AD5X 19-6, 24-11Schiller, Tom N6BT 26-39, 28-1ffSchmidt, Kevin W9CF 6-16Schuch, Peter WB2UAQ 27-22Schulz, Walter K3OQF 9-23Severns, Rudy N6LF 3-1ff, 9-8, 10-24, 12-1ff, 21-1ff, 27-30Sevick, Jerry W2FMI 3-31, 10-20Seybold, Mack W2RYI 10-33Seydler, Bob K5GNA 17-18Shulman, Ivan WC2S 1-24Silver, Ward NØAX 22-7Smith, Woodrow W6BCX 12-13Stanford, John NNØF 9-25Stanley, John K4ERO 7-1ff, 15-48, 24-11Stockton, Stan K5GO 25-10Straw, Dean N6BV 3-21, 4-29, 8-1, 11-2ff, 14-7ff, 24-13Stroud, Dick W9SR 16-13Suding, Robert WØLMD 17-21Sykes, B. G2HCG 4-5Tabor, Jim KU5S 4-37Taylor, Joe K1JT 15-21, 17-1ffTerleski, Jay WXØB 14-39Thompson, Tom WØIVJ 27-13Thrift, Ted VK2ARA 28-1ffTilton, Ed W1HDQ 16-13Tolles, H. F. W7ITB 24-29Toman, Don K2LQ 10-10Trask, Chris N7ZWY 5-16, 5-22Turrin, Dick W2IMU 27-35Uda, Shintaro 11-1Uhl, John KV5E 10-29Varney, Louis G5RV 10-6Wade, Paul W1GHZ 17-17Walters, Mike G3JVL 15-42Waltz, M. C. W2FMQ 3-31Wilkie, Jim WY4R 10-7Williams, Tom WA1MBA 23-30Wilson, Paul W4HHK 15-51, 15-59Wilson, Robert AL7KK 10-24Windom, Loren W8GZ 10-7Witt, Frank AI1H 24-35, 24-41Wolff, Ken K1EA 14-30Wright, Joe W4UEB 10-7Yagi, Hidetsugu 11-1Yang, Richard 27-39Young, Joel 14-20

Notes

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Notes

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