absurdity, see criticismaccords, 62 (see also pacts)adultery, 70 (fn 33), 207 (fn 1), see also

incestagriculture, see harvestsAi (town, location unknown), 21Ai Jiang, 67, 70 (and fn 33), 78, 82–83,

84, 85, 94Ailing (town in the state of Qi), 273Allen, Gracie, 3An (town in the state of Qi), 166, 172

(and fn 38), 257animal preserves, 224, 259Army of the Center, 221 (and fn 17)arranged line battles, see battlesarrest (of persons), 88–89, 139, 180,

182, 247–248assassination, 15, 16–17, 25–26, 28,

29 (fn 6), 33 (and fn 27), 45, 47, 56, 59–60, 74, 76, 78, 84, 95, 96, 124, 139, 141, 142–143, 145, 147, 149–151, 152, 156 (and fn 4), 157 (and fn 11), 179, 185 (and fn 40), 192–193, 207, 208, 209 (and fn 13), 210–211 (fn 16), 211–212, 213, 214 (fn 35), 215, 217–218, 222, 227–228 (and fn 5), 231–232, 240, 243 (fn 32), 256, 259, 266, 267–268 (and fn 23), see also regicide

assassins, 243 (and fn 33)attacks (military), 13, 16, 20, 21, 22, 24,

25, 32, 35, 36, 40, 42, 43, 44, 49, 50, 53–54, 56, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 83, 87, 89, 91, 93, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 121, 124,

125, 126–127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 134, 137, 140, 142, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 163, 164, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 178, 180, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 220, 221, 222, 224, 226, 230, 231, 233, 249, 250, 251, 254, 258, 259, 261, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268, 270, 271, 273, 274, 275, see also sneak attack, surprise attack

auspicious clothes ceremony, 77–78auspiciousness, 184, 260avalanches, 170

Ba (minor state), 141Ba (town in the state of Lu), 249 (fn 7)Baili Xi (grand officer of the state of

Qin), 120 (and fns 59, 60), 135 (fn 14)

Baiyi (new capital of the barony of Xu), 231

Bao (town in the state of Zheng), 130Bao Guangfu (grand officer of the state

of Lu), 243battles, 38, 40–41, 44, 57, 58, 69, 71,

73, 84, 100, 102, 107–108, 113, 124, 129, 135–136, 147, 158–159, 166, 181, 231, 235–236 (and fn 2), 250, 264, 273

beans, 248beetles, 72begging (for troops), 111Bei Yan (earldom), see Yan

Index

I n d e x278

Beigong Jie (grand officer of the state of Wei), 183 (and fn 34), 198, 254, 260

Beigong Kuo (grand officer of the state of Wei), 183 (fn 34)

Beigong Tuo (grand officer of the state of Wei, son of Beigong Kuo), 225

Beigong Xi (grand officer of the state of Wei), 237, 240

Beixing (town in the state of Qi), 60benevolence, 161Bi (town in the state of Lu), 267Bi (town in the state of Zheng),

158–159 (and fn 22), 173 (fn 40)Big Dipper, 138Bihun (home of a group of Rong

tribesmen), 148, 230Bing (town in the state of Zheng), 23,

24 (and fn 22)Bian (town in the state of Lu), 102Biwo (grand officer of the state of Zhu

Lou), 205Bo (town in the state of Song), 106Bo Yuyang (nonexistent person, name

derived from misreading of text), 226 (and fn 42)

Boju (town in the state of Chu), 250Book of Documents, 135 (fn 14)bribery, 85, 116 (fn 41)brides, 12, 31, 37, 67, 70, 178bronze ding vessels, 29 (and fn 10), 30butchery, 164 (see also massacre)Burns, George, 3

Cai (marquisate), 16, 25, 32, 33, 42, 44, 53, 55, 58, 60, 61, 87, 104, 116, 140, 173, 193, 203, 225, 229 (fn 11), 235–236, 250, 251, 252, 263, 264, 266; destroyed by Chu, 225; reconstituted by Chu, 228–229 (and fns 8, 9)

rulers (not known posthumously as dukes):

Marquis Xuan (personal name Kaofu, r. 749–715 BCE), 23

Marquis Huan (personal name Fengren, r. 714–695 BCE), 30, 39, 43, 44

Marquis Ai (personal name Xianwu, r. 694–675 BCE), 44 (fn 40), 58

Marquis Mu (personal name Xi, r. 674–646 BCE), 99

Marquis Zhuang (personal name Jiawu, r. 645–612 BCE), 105, 111, 113, 114, 133

Marquis Wen (personal name Shen, r. 611–592 BCE), 163

Marquis Jing (personal name Gu), r. 591–543 BCE), 206, 209, 213, 214 (and fn 35)

Marquis Ling (personal name Ban, r. 542–531 BCE), 213, 214 (fn 35), 220, 221, 224 (and fn 33), 225 (and fn 40), 229

Marquis Ping (personal name Lu, r. 530–522 BCE), 228–229 (and fn 9), 233

Zhu (personal name of untitled ruler, r. 521 BCE), 233

Marquis Dao (personal name Dongguo, r. 521–519 BCE), 235

Marquis Zhao (personal name Shen, r. 518–491 BCE), 249, 250–251, 266, 267

Cai Shu (grand officer of the state of Cai), 39 (fn 18)

calendar, 4, 8, 13, 21, 26, 31 (fn 22), 32 (fn 23), 100, 128, 237, 267 (see also “stems and branches”)

Cao (earldom), 33, 37, 41, 43, 61, 68, 69, 81–82, 89, 99, 100, 103, 112, 117, 140, 148, 156, 159, 168, 182, 187, 188, 189, 198, 201, 209, 210, 212, 214, 217, 225, 237, 240, 245, 257, 258, 259, 265, 268, 269

rulers:Duke Huan (personal name

Zhongsheng, r. 756–702 BCE), 37

Duke Zhuang (personal name Yegu, r. 701–671 BCE), 37, 66, 67, 68 (fn 21)

Duke Xi (personal name Yi, alternate name Chi, r. 670–662 BCE), 68, 69 (and fn 28)

Duke Zhao (personal name Ban, r. 661–653 BCE), 83, 87, 90, 91

I n d e x 279

Duke Gong (personal name Xiang, r. 652–618 BCE), 93, 95, 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, 112–113 (and fn 23), 116, 117, 131, 132

Duke Wen (personal name Shou, r. 617–595 BCE), 134, 138, 139, 147, 151, 153, 160

Duke Xuan (personal name Qiang, alternate name Lu, r. 594–578 BCE), 163, 168, 170, 172, 174, 175, 178, 232 (fns 20, 21)

Duke Cheng (personal name Fuchu, r. 577–555 BCE), 180, 182, 183, 184, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 200, 201, 202, 232

Duke Wu (personal name Teng, r. 554–528 BCE), 203, 204, 206, 207, 228, 229

Duke Ping (personal name Xu, r. 527–524 BCE), 231

Duke Dao (personal name Wu, r. 523–515 BCE), 240, 241

Duke Sheng (personal name Ye, r. 514–510 BCE)

Duke Yin (personal name Tong, r. 509–506 BCE), 249

Duke Jing (personal name Lu, r. 505–502 BCE), 254, 255

Yang (personal name of untitled ruler, r. 501–487 BCE), 269

Cao (town in the state of Zheng), 192Cao Gui, see Master CaoCao Mo, see Master CaoCao-Nan (town? in the state of Cao), 103Capital (of the state of Zhou, a.k.a.

capital-metropolis), 37, 115, 117, 124, 130, 131, 153, 178, 180, 182, 206, 233, 243, 247, 266, see also Cheng Zhou

capitals, relocation of, 58, 77 (and fn 24), 82, 84 (and fn 17), 98, 119, 181 (and fn 17), 223, 231, 250, 264, see also enfeoffment

capture (of persons), 22, 58, 59–60, 62, 83, 90, 100, 103, 105, 111–112, 112–113, 115, 147, 161, 166, 174, 182–183, 193, 196, 200 (and fn 18), 201, 202, 209 (and fn 13), 219 (fn 11), 220, 223, 228, 235–236, 250,

253, 254, 255–256, 259, 260, 266, 269, 273

capture (of towns), 25, 49, 73, 87, 111, 121, 148–149, 153, 156, 189, 197, 198, 218, 220, 239

caterpillars, 20, 24, 54Central States, 4, 5, 22, 58, 63, 86,

88, 95, 105, 161, 189, 193, 218–219, 236, 237, 250–251, 274–275, see also Xia

ceding of territory, 23, 50, 146–147, 155, 167, 168, 171 (and fn 31), 172 (and fn 38), 202 (and fn 23), 204, 221, 242, 257, 270

ceremonies, 19–20, 48–49, 51, 95, 103, 123, 124, 132, 136–137, 229, 238 (see also sacrifices, dance, auspicious clothes ceremony, Great Service, Great Gathering, soft-silk ceremony)

Chamber of the Generations, 136–137 (and fn 21)

Chan (town in the state of Lu), 270Chang (son of Chen Qi of the state of

Qi), 268Chang Di (tribesmen), 134Changge (town in the state of Zheng), 21Changjian (town in the state of Lu), 233Changshu (town in the state of Jin), 189Changshuo (town in the state of Lu),

57, 60 (fn 23)Chanyuan (town in the state of Wei),

203, 209, 214Chao (minor state), 135, 208 (and fn

6), 237Chen (marquisate), 16, 17 (fn 32), 32,

42, 44, 53, 55, 60, 61, 64, 68, 69, 70, 88–89, 104, 109, 110, 116, 121, 125, 126, 128, 142, 147, 149, 153, 157 (and fn 11), 159, 168, 190, 191, 192, 201, 205, 207, 208, 218, 231, 233, 257, 258, 267, 270, 271, 275; destroyed by Chu, 223–224 (and fn 29), 235–236; reconstituted by Chu, 228–229 (and fns 8, 9)

rulers:Duke Huan (personal name Bao, r.

744–707 BCE), 16, 29; insanity and death, 32

I n d e x280

Chen (marquisate)—continuedTuo (personal name of short-lived

ruler, r. 707–706 BCE), 33 (and fn 27), 66

Duke Li (personal name Yue, r. 706–700 BCE), 39, 40

Duke Zhuang (personal name Lin, r. 699–693 BCE), 43, 48, 49

Duke Xuan (personal name Chujiu, r. 692–648 BCE), 51, 61, 62, 68, 70, 87, 90, 91, 98

Duke Mu (personal name, Kuan, r. 647–632 BCE), 91, 93, 98, 99, 101, 105, 111, 113, 114

Duke Gong (personal name Shuo, r. 631–614 BCE), 114, 125, 136

Duke Ling (personal name Pingguo, r. 613–599 BCE), 138, 147, 154 (fn 45), 156 (and fn 4), 157 (and fns 11, 12), 158 (and fn 13)

Zhengshu (personal name of short-lived ruler, r. 599 BCE), see Xia Zhengshu

Duke Cheng (personal name Wu, r. 598–569 BCE), 189, 190

Duke Ai (personal name Ni, r. 568–534 BCE), 191, 192, 203, 205, 206, 209, 217, 220, 221, 222, 223

Liu (personal name of short-term ruler, r. 534 BCE), see Prince Liu

Duke Hui (personal name Wu, r. 529–506 BCE), 228–229 (and fn 9), 249, 250

Duke Huai (personal name Liu, r. 505–502 BCE), 249, 254, 255

Duke Min (personal name Yue, r. 501–478 BCE), 263

Chen (younger brother of Duke Jing of Song), 257 (and fn 19), 258, 260

Chen Qi (grand officer of the state of Qi), 267–268 (and fn 24)

Cheng (earldom), 134Cheng (minor state), 19, 25, 30, 55–56,

72–73 (fn 4)Cheng I (town in the state of Lu), 33,

72–73 (fn 4), 199, 200, 239 (and fn 18), 258

Cheng II (town in the state of Lu), 164, 179

Cheng III (town in the state of Song), 83

Cheng Dechen (grand officer of the state of Chu), 113 (and fn 25)

Cheng Feng (consort of Duke Zhuang of Lu, mother of Duke Xi of Lu), 127 (and fn 20), 132

Cheng Hua (assassin, subject of the state of Jin), 185 (fn 40)

Cheng Zhou (eastern capital of the state of Zhou), 162–163, 240, 245

Chengkuang (town in the state of Song), 134

Chengpu (town in the state of Wei), 70, 113, 121 (fn 62)

Chengqiu (town, location unknown), 58Chengran, see Dou ChengranChenling (town in the state of Chen),

157Chenyi (new capital of the state of Xing),

82Chenyi (town in the state of Wei), 206,

207, 208Chi (town in the state of Song), 43chiding, 50Chiji (town in the state of Jin), 165China, 4Chinese language, 2, 3–4Chonglao (town in the state of Zheng),

170Chu (kingdom), 4–5, 29, 83, 86, 87–88,

89 (and fn 39), 90, 91 (and fn 50), 94 (fn 4), 97, 99, 100, 104, 105–106 (and fn 57), 107–108, 109, 110, 111, 112 (fn 22), 113, 114, 121 (fn 62), 126–127, 131, 132, 133, 135, 141, 148, 149, 152, 153, 157 (and fn 11), 158, 159 (fns 22, 23), 160–161, 164 (and fn 41), 168, 174, 180, 181 (and fn 17), 184, 185, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195 (fns 36, 37), 196, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208 (and fn 6), 209, 211, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 225, 226 (and fn 43), 227, 228–229 (and fns 8, 9, 11), 231, 233, 235, 236 (fn 2), 240, 242, 249, 250–251 (and fn 13), 266 (and fn 16), 270

rulers:King Cheng (personal name

Yun, alternate name Kun, r. 671–626 BCE), 88 (fn 34), 105, 111–112, 124

I n d e x 281

King Mu (personal name Shangchen, r. 625–614 BCE), 124 (fn 7), 132, 133, 134

King Zhuang (personal name Lu, r. 613–591 BCE), 147, 147, 149, 154, 156, 157 (and fns 11, 12), 158–159 (and fn 13), 160–161, 164 (and fn 41)

King Gong (personal name Shen, r. 590–560 BCE), 180, 181, 185, 194, 196, 198

King Kang (personal name Zhao, r. 559–545 BCE), 206, 209, 211

Quan (personal name of untitled ruler, a.k.a. Jia’ao, r. 544–541 BCE), 211 (fn 18), 213, 219

King Ling (personal name Wei, changed to Qian, r. 540–529 BCE), 220, 221, 223, 224 (and fn 33), 226; assassination of, 227–228 (and fns 2, 4), see also Prince Wei

Bi (personal name of short-lived ruler, r. 529), 227–228 (and fns 2, 4, 5), see also Prince Bi

King Ping (personal name Qiji, changed to Ju, r. 528–516 BCE), 229 (fn 9), 230, 240, 250 (fn 13), see also Prince Qiji

King Zhao (personal name Zhen, r. 515–489 BCE), 251, 260, 263, 267

Chu Palace, 215 (fn 38)Chui (town in the state of Qi), 152Chui (town in the state of Wei), 23,

27, 51Chuiji (town in the state of Jin), 85Chuilian (town in the state of Zheng),

125Chuixia (town in the state of Wei), 259Chuqiu (new capital of the state of Wei),

84Chuqiu (town near border of states of

Cao and Song), 22comets, 138, 230, 275command of armies, nomenclature of, 19Commander Sir Fan, see Prince Cecommoners, 1, 5, 14, 17, 44, 53, 62, 87,

106, 141, 143, 150, 151, 159, 174, 205, 227–228, 237, 238, 241 (and fn 26), 244 (fn 37), 253–254 (fn 1)

compensation, see settlement, consideration

concubines, 8, 16 (fn 24), 87, 89 (fn 41), 94, 97 (fn 18), 138 (fns 28, 30, 31), 142 (fn 52), 190 (and fn 17), 215 (fn 39), 225 (and fn 36), 261 (fn 37)

condemnation, 111conflagration, see fireConfucius (c. 551–479), 2, 4, 5, 10 (fn

20), 22 (fn 11), 32 (and fn 24), 54, 65 (fn 6), 68, 75 (fn 13), 95 (fn 10), 102 (and fn 39), 108, 136 (fn 20), 138, 146 (and fn 8), 152 (fns 32, 33), 156 (fn 3), 158, 161, 214 (and fn 35), 218, 224 (fn 35), 226 (and fn 42), 230, 231–232 (and fn 23), 234 (and fn 29), 239 (and fn 15), 275–276 (and fns 11, 13); birth of, 204 (and fn 33); diplomatic role of, 257 (and fn 15), 258

Cong (town in the state of Zhu Lou), 121

consideration (material), 270Consort, née Feng, see Cheng Fengconsorts, see concubinescontemptibility, see criticismcoup, 151, see also usurpationcourt, attendance at, 25, 27, 29, 30, 33,

35, 37, 43, 53, 66, 70, 91, 99, 104, 113, 116, 134, 135, 139, 147, 171, 172, 178, 185, 188, 192, 201, 204, 211, 220, 230, 251, 260, 264

courtesy visits, 22, 24, 31, 32, 36, 66, 68, 117, 119, 127, 135, 156, 167, 169, 170, 173, 177, 185, 192, 194, 197, 199, 209, 213, 219, 226, 233

criminals, 211–212, 224, 232, 266, see also outlaws

criticism, 3, 12, 14, 19, 20, 31, 32, 36, 37, 41–42, 48, 52, 65–66, 67, 70, 72, 73, 74, 78, 104, 124, 125–126, 131, 137, 141, 145, 151–152, 162, 165, 185, 196, 249 (and fn 5), 274, 275

crown princes, see heirs apparentCuanhan (town, location unknown), 157Cui (town in the state of Lu), 44

I n d e x282

Cui Zhu (grand officer of the state of Qi), 156 (and fn 3), 185, 188, 189, 206, 207 (and fn 1)

Cuo (Heir Apparent of the state of Song who never ruled), 209 (and fn 12)

Dadu, see DayuanDaji (town in the state of Song), 147Dame Ying (mother of the widow of

Duke Wu of Zhu Lou), 243dance (ceremonial), 20, 152dates, see calendardaughters, 12, 21, 37, 135, 242–243

(and fn 32)day-after sacrifice, 152 (and fn 33)Dayuan (town, location unknown),

218–219death, nomenclature of, 14deception, 127 (and fn 19), 160,

270, 274Dechen, see Cheng Dechendeer, 185defeat, military, 25, 57, 58, 59, 83, 100,

120, 121, 134, 178, 218, 221, 235–236, 260, see also taking

defection, 129, see also flightDeng (marquisate), 30, 35

rulers: Wuli (personal name of ex-ruler), 35

Deng Huluo (subject of the state of Lu), 76

denigration, 4, 11, 14, 16, 24, 39, 47–48, 84, 94, 105, 111–112, 113, 115, 120, 129, 138, 152, 156, 157 (and fn 11), 161 (and fn 29), 168 (and fn 17), 214–215, 217–218, 248 (see also slighting)

despicableness, 33destruction of states or tribes, 11–12,

24, 51–52, 58, 60, 69 (and fn 28), 73, 77 (and fn 24), 81, 84, 85–86, 90, 96, 97, 98, 102, 104, 107, 109, 110, 127, 141, 152, 159, 161, 162, 174 (and fn 49), 184, 192 (and fn 23), 195 (and fn 36), 208, 218, 220, 223–224, 225, 229, 230, 237, 242, 250, 253, 259, 260, 269

Di (tribesmen), 11 (fn 1), 76, 79, 81, 84, 88, 93, 96, 98, 99, 103, 104, 109, 116, 119, 121, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 134, 134, 137, 157, 161, 178, 181, 218 (see also Jie, Chang Di, Red Di, White Di)

rulers: Jie Gelu, 116, 117 (fn 45)Dili (town in the state of Jin), 242Ding-Si, see Lady SiDing Yi (consort of Duke Cheng of Lu),

190 (and fn 17)Diqiu (new capital of the state of

Wei), 119Diquan (town in the state of Zhou),

116, 236disagreeable notions, 58, 82, 84, 98,

105, 108, 114, 138, 147, 156, 209, 234, 235, 274–275, see also taboos

disapproval, see disagreeable notionsdisapprobation, 161 (and fn 29)disasters, natural, 20, 28, 33, 41, 54, 59,

64, 65, 72, 105, 125, 162–163, 169, 248, 249, 265, 266

disease, 64divination, 51, 118, 148, 171–172, 175,

192, 196, 260, 263dogs, 151donation (of grain), 252Dou Chengran (grand officer of the state

of Chu), 226 (and fn 43)Dou Jiao (grand officer of the state of

Chu), 132 (and fn 40)Dou Yishen (grand officer of the state of

Chu), 105, 133drought, 32–33, 105, 125, 151 (see also

sacrifices for rain)Du (grand officer of the state of Song),

see Hua DuDuan (personal name of younger brother

of Duke Zhuang of Zheng), 8–9, 17 (fn 29), 89 (fn 41)

Duandao (town in the state of Jin), 163Duchess (née Gui, a.k.a. Qi Gui,

concubine of Duke Xiang of Lu, mother of Duke Zhao), 225 (and fn 36)

Duchess (née Jiang, sister of Duke Xiang of Qi, wife of Duke Huan of Lu), see Wen Jiang

I n d e x 283

Duchess (née Jiang, wife of Duke Zhuang of Lu), see Ai Jiang

Duchess (née Jiang, wife of Duke Xi of Lu), see Sheng Jiang

Duchess (née Jiang, wife of Duke Wen of Lu, daughter of Duke Zhao of Qi, though supposed in The Gongyang Commentary to be lower-born, a.k.a. Chu Jiang), 127, 131, 143

Duchess (née Jiang, wife of Duke Xuan of Lu, a.k.a. Mu Jiang), 145–146, 188–189 (and fn 10), 194

Duchess (née Jiang, wife of Duke Cheng of Lu, a.k.a. Qi Jiang), 179, 188–189 (and fns 7, 10)

Duchess (née Xiong), see Jing YingDuke of Guo, 68Duke of Qi (misprint), 257 (and fn 19)Duke of Shao, see Three DukesDuke of Zhou (Chancellor of State),

95, 117Duke of Zhou (personal name Chu),

177–178Duke of Zhou (personal name Dan), 20,

89, 136–137 (and fn 21), see also Three Dukes

Duke of Zhai (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 36 (and fn 5)

Duke of Zhai, see Third Brother ZhaiDuke Wen of Liu, see Viscount of Liu IIDun (viscounty), 110, 190, 220, 221,

235–236, 249, 259rulers (partial list):

Qiang (personal name of ruler, r. ?–496 BCE), 259

Earl Mengmu, see Gongsun AoEarl of Dan (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 139 (and fn 34), 140Earl of Fan (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 22Earl of Mao I (grand officer of the

state of Zhou, personal name unknown), 123, 130–131

Earl of Mao II (grand officer of the state of Zhou, personal name Wei), 161

Earl of Mao III (grand officer of the state of Zhou, personal name De), 240

Earl of Shan (grand officer of the state of Lu?), 48 (and fn 3), 61

Earl of Shao I (grand officer of the state of Zhou, a.k.a. Duke Dai of Shao), 161

Earl of Shao II (grand officer of the state of Zhou, personal name unknown), 173

Earl of Shao III (grand officer of the state of Zhou, a.k.a. Duke Dai II [?] of Shao), 240

Earl of Zhai (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 10, 36 (fn 5)

earthquakes, 132, 200, 231, 236, 265East Zhou, see Cheng ZhouEastern Sea, 118eclipses, 13 (and fn 10), 30, 44, 63, 68,

69, 73, 90, 97, 99, 123, 140, 153, 155, 163, 181, 184, 198, 199, 203, 204, 206, 210, 222, 230, 233, 234, 237, 244, 252, 258, 261

editorialization, 22, 25, 42, 102, 110, 137, 142–143, 164, 165–166, 168 (fn 17), 217–218, 232, 247 (and fn 1), (see also taboos, “official stories”)

Elder Gentleman (grand officer of the state of Ji), 13

Eldest Daughter (of Duke Hui of Lu, older sister of Duke Yin, married off to the state of Ji), 13, 51, 52

Eldest Daughter (of Duke Xi of Lu), 95

Eldest Daughter (eldest surviving[?] daughter of Duke Xi of Lu, married to Mr. Tang of Song), 109–110

Eldest Daughter (of Duke Zhuang of Lu, married off to the earldom of Qi), 69, 70, 90, 114, 119

Eldest Daughter (of Duke Xuan, married off to the state of Tan), 163 (and fn 37)

Eldest Daughter (of either Duke Xuan or Duke Cheng of Lu, married to Duke Gong of Song, a.k.a. Lady Gong), 173 (fn 39), 174 (and fns 46–48), 175 (and fn 53), 213 (and fn 32), 214

I n d e x284

elk, 62encampments, 50, 55, 58, 73, 81–82,

87, 99, 133, 188, 205, 256, 259, 261

enfeoffment, 82, 84–85, 98–99, 136–137, 187, 220, 228–229 (and fn 9)

Eno, Robert, 205 (fn 35), 243 (fn 33)Environs Sacrifice, 118, 148, 171–172,

175, 183–184, 192, 196, 260, 263

epidemic, see diseaseeuphemism, 12, 22, 237 (fn 11)excess, 153exigency, 38–39exile, 15, 52, 97, 115, 146 (and fn 6),

164, 184 (fn 37), 188 (fn 5), 210, 223, 226 (fn 44), 266; of Duke Zhao of Lu, 237

extolling, 63, 202

families (organization of), 179–180 (and fn 11)

famine, 156, 160, 162 (and fn 34), 206Fang I, (East Fang – town in the state

of Lu), 24 (fn 22), 54, 65, 72, 198, 201

Fang II (West Fang – town in the state of Lu), 24 (fn 22), 25

Fang III (town in the state of Lu), 99

Fang IV (town contested by Lu and Ju), 220, 221

fathers, 250–251 (and fn 13), 264, 265Fei (town in the state of Lu), 192, 227

(and fn 1), 257 (and fn 17), 258Fei (town in the state of Zheng), 137Feilin (town in the state of

Zheng), 147Feng Choufu (charioteer of Duke Qing

of Qi), 166–167 (and fn 9)Fenquan (town in the state of

Lu), 221feudal lords, 5, 12, 14, 20, 23, 25, 27,

36, 37, 42, 48, 51, 52, 60, 64, 81–82, 85, 90, 91, 95, 98–99, 106, 112, 116, 118, 129, 130–131, 140, 142, 153, 157, 187, 189, 191, 193, 195, 200, 201, 202, 207, 210, 214–215, 220,

228, 238, 250, 251, 252, 275, see also leader of the feudal lords

filial piety, 125–126, 131, 232fire (disaster), 41, 104, 162–163,

169, 194, 213, 214, 223, 231, 248–249, 265, 266

fire (military attack by), 35First Taste sacrifice, 41–42fish-hawks, 100–101Five Hegemons, 55, 60 (fn 22) (see also

Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, King Zhuang of Chu

flight (to other states), 10, 39, 43, 47, 58, 60, 68, 78, 90, 96, 109, 113, 114, 128, 129, 130, 134 (and fn 7), 139, 164, 172, 177–178, 180, 183, 192, 199, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 210, 211, 213, 214, 214, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 232, 233, 235, 237, 240, 242, 251, 256, 257, 259, 260, 266, 267, 268, 270, 273

flood, 41, 54, 59, 68, 69, 156, 170, 206force, brute, 138, 157foreigners, see tribesmenfortification, 22, 24, 32, 43, 72, 74,

78–79, 82, 84, 98, 129, 136, 153, 170, 174, 189, 192, 198, 199, 203, 212, 241, 245, 247, 253, 260, 261, 265, 266, 267 (and fn 19)

fratricide, 8–9, 16–17, 115freezing (weather), 41, 165, 180, 211frost, 121, 248Fu Yang (minor state), 195 (and fn 36)Fulai (town in the state of Ju), 23, 24

(fn 19)funerals, 4, 9–10, 13–14, 15, 19, 23,

25–26, 32, 38, 41, 42, 44, 45, 49, 50, 52, 57, 65, 67, 70, 73, 76, 77, 85, 89, 91, 95 (and fn 6), 98, 103, 108, 110, 111, 120, 123, 124, 127, 128, 131, 132, 142, 148, 153, 156, 158 (and fn 13), 160, 163, 164, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171 (fn 32), 174, 178, 179, 180, 185, 188–189, 190, 192, 193, 194, 200, 202, 203, 205, 209, 213, 214, 215, 219, 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226,

I n d e x 285

229, 230, 231–232, 233, 237, 239, 241, 242, 248, 249, 250, 255, 256, 258, 261, 264, 266, 267, 270, 271, 273, 275

Fuzhong (town in the minor state of Cheng), 39

Ganhou (town in the state of Jin), 241, 242, 244, 245, 248

Ganshi (town in the state of Qi), 57Ganxi (town in the state of Chu),

227–228Gao (minor state), 25, 29, 104Gao (town in the state of Qi), 50, 52Gao Ai (grand officer of the state of

Song), 139 (fn 33)Gao Fa (grand officer of the state of Qi),

231Gao Gu (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 149, 161Gao Hou (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 201, 203Gao Ke (grand officer of the state of

Zheng), 79Gao Wujiu (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 180, 183Gao Xi (grand officer of the state of Qi),

65, 78–79Gao Yan (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 226Gao Zhang (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 241, 245, 267Gao Zhi (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 212, 213garrisoning (of towns and capitals), 191,

195gatemen, 211–212Ge (minor state), 43General Sir Zhong, see Prince YingqiGenmou (town supposed to be in the

state of Zhu Lou), 153 (and fn 40gentlemen, the Way of the gentleman,

gentlemanly behavior, 39, 45, 72, 96, 107–108 (and fn 4), 135, 159, 160–161, 212, 213, 224, (and fn 35), 228, 232 (see also Confucius)

gloomy (skies), 181Gong Zhiqi (grand officer of the state of

Yu), 85–86

Gonglian Chufu (operative of the Meng family of the state of Lu), 256 (and fn 10)

Gongmeng Ou (grand officer of the state of Wei), 258, 259, 260, 271

Gongsun Ao (grand officer of the state of Lu, son of Prince Qingfu), 99, 124, 125, 127, 129, 130, 139–140, 153 (fn 39)

Gongsun Chai (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 198, 199, 208

Gongsun Chen (grand officer of the state of Cai), 266

Gongsun Ci (grand officer of the state of Lu), 89, 90, 101

Gongsun Duan (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 212

Gongsun Guifu (grand officer of the state of Lu), 152 (fn 30), 156, 157, 160, 164 (and fns 43, 44), 166 (fn 4), 179–180 (fns 7, 11), 202 (fn 25), 237 (fn 13)

Gongsun Guisheng (grand officer of the state of Cai), 210, 217

Gongsun Guixing (grand officer of the state of Cai), 250, 266

Gongsun Hui (grand officer of the state of Cao, son of Prince Xishi of Cao), 232 (and fn 20)

Gongsun Huo (grand officer of the state of Cai), 266

Gongsun Lie (grand officer of the state of Cai), 266

Gongsun Ning, see Kong NingGongsun Piao (grand officer of the state

of Wei), 188 (and fn 5), 199 (fn 10), see also Duke Shang of Wei

Gongsun Shezhi (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 196, 207

Gongsun Shou (grand officer of the state of Song), 12, 173

Gongsun Shu (grand officer of the state of Wei), 259

Gongsun Yingqi I (grand officer of the state of Lu), 166 (and fn 4), 171, 173, 179–180 (and fns 7, 11)

Gongsun Yingqi II (grand officer of the state of Lu), 184 (and fn 37)

Gongsun Zhe (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 195

I n d e x286

Gongyang Commentary, The, 1, 2, 4, 26 (fn 27), 68 (fn 24), 75 (fn 13), 94 (fns 3, 4), 100 (fn 28), 153 (fn 40), 161 (fn 31), 165–166 (fn 2), 258 (fn 21), 259 (fn 28), see also Gongyang commentators

Gongyang commentators, 2, 4, 5, 22 (fn 11), 27, 29 (fn 6), 32 (fn 24), 38 (fn 11), 40 (fn 27), 43 (fn 33), 49 (fn 6), 50 (fn 12), 69 (fn 28), 89 (fn 39), 100 (fn 29), 108 (fn 4), 135 (fn 14), 137 (fn 21), 162 (fn 33), 165–166 (fn 2), 171 (fns 30, 33), 196 (fn 38), 205 (fn 35), 215, 218 (fn 7), 219 (fn 11), 226 (fn 42), 237 (fn 10), 244–245 (fn 38), 247 (fn 1), 252 (fn 19), 253 (fn 1), 261 (fn 37), 265 (fn 13), see also Master Gongyang, Master Lu, Master Gao, Master Beigong

Gongyang Gao, 2, 26 (fn 27), 33 (see also Master Gongyang)

Gongyang Shou, 2 (see also Master Gongyang)

good and evil, 102 (and fn 39)Gouyi (town in the state of Zhu Lou),

264granaries, 41–42grand officers, 5, 12, 14, 25, 56, 65,

67, 69, 78, 85, 87, 91, 96, 99, 112, 113, 116–117, 124, 127, 129, 130, 138, 141, 146, 147, 150, 156, 158, 161 (and fn 29), 166, 168 (fn 17), 182, 184, 189, 193, 196, 200 (and fn 17), 210, 214–215, 217, 228, 238, 239, 248 (and fn 2), 250, 251, 264 (fn 8), 268; hereditary succession of, 14, 32, 156, 165 (fn 1), 244; performance of more than one task by, 36, 64, 117, 189, 197, 255 (fn 5); non-recognition of, 68, 70, 83, 110 (and fn 14), 132, 166, 204, 205, 212–213, 218, 221 (and fn 18), 226 (fn 43), 240; punishment of, 146; mourning regime of, 146; necessity of carrying out orders, 151–152, 164, 180, 202 (and fn 25); installation of, 157

Grand Temple, 125grandfathers, 265Great Bow, 255–256Great Gathering, 125Great Sacrifice, 125Great Service, 125, 126Great Temple, 136–137 (and fn 21), 152Gu (earldom), 35

rulers: Sui (personal name of ex- ruler), 35

Gu (town in the state of Qi), 54, 66, 74 (fn 10), 111, 142, 160, 170, 202

Guan Zhong (c. 720–645 BCE), see Master Guan

Guang (younger brother of Duke Ai of Chen), 203, 205

Guanze (town in the state of Song), 86, 95

Guanzi, see Master GuanGui (town in the state of Song), 40Guiyin (town in the state of Lu), 257Guliang Commentary, The, 1, 156 (fn

3), 171 (fn 33)Guo (minor state), 85–86Guo Guifu (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 119Guo Shen (grand officer of the state of

Zheng), 245Guo Shu (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 273Guo Xia (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 250, 254, 264–265, 267Guo Zhuo (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 217, 225Guo Zuo (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 156, 166–168, 180, 182, 185Guqiu (town in the state of Song), 40

hail, 97, 116, 220Han (town, location unknown), 100Han Buxin (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 245Han Chuan (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 172Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), 2, 75

(fn 13)Han Qi (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 219, 225Han Qu (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 187

I n d e x 287

Haoyou (town, location uncertain), 250harvests, 31, 54, 72, 163He (mistake for Zeng, town in the state

of Zheng), 188 (and fn 3)He Xiu (129–182 CE), 104 (fn 52), 134

(fn 6), 146 (fn 6), 205 (fn 35), 208 (fn 4)

Heaven, 100, 276hegemon, see Five Hegemons and leader

of the feudal lordsHei Gong (grand officer of the state of

Zhu Lou), 242 (and fn 29)Heibei, see Zishu HeibeiHeirang (town in the state of Jin), 151heirs apparent, 37, 42, 74, 89, 90,

91, 142–143, 163, 180, 189, 190–191, 194, 202, 209, 213, 215, 217 (fn 39), 220, 222, 225, 231, 260, 264

Hengyong (town in the state of Zheng), 130

Hequ (town in the state of Jin), 135–136 (and fn 16), 146 (fn 4)

historians, court, 150Hong (town in the state of Lu), 223Hong River (battle of), 107–108horses, 85–86Hou (town in the state of Lu, fief of Shu

family), 257 (and fns 16, 17), 258Hu (town in the state of Zheng), 129,

140, 142, 153 (and fn 43), 183, 240

Hu (town, probably in the state of Qi), 67Hu (viscounty), 220, 235–236, 250, 260

rulers (partial list):Kun (personal name of ruler, d. 519

BCE), 235–236Bao (personal name of

ruler, r. ?–495 BCE), 260Hu Yegu (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 128Hua (earldom), 62, 104, 119Hua (personal name of heir apparent

of the state of Zheng who never reigned), 91, 93 (and fn 1)

Hua Chen (grand officer of the state of Song), 201

Hua Ding (grand officer of the state of Song), 212, 226, 233

Hua Du (grand officer of the state of Song), 28

Hua Hai (grand officer of the state of Song, younger brother of Hua Hebi), 225, 233

Hua Hebi (grand officer of the state of Song), 222

Hua Ruo (grand officer of the state of Song), 192

Hua Sun (grand officer of the state of Song), 139

Hua Yuan (grand officer of the state of Song), 147, 160, 169, 173, 180, 181, 187, 188, 189, 199 (fn 11)

Hua Yue (grand officer of the state of Song, son of Hua Yuan), 199 (and fn 11)

Huai (town in the state of Jin), 101Huai Yi (tribesmen), 220Huan (town in the state of Lu), 31, 257,

270Huang (minor state), 86, 87, 89, 90,

95, 97Huang (town in the state of Qi), 44,

151, 258Huang Yuan (grand officer of the state of

Song), 269, 270, 274Huangchi (town in the state of Wei),

274Huangfu (town in the state of Jin), 237Hulao (town in the state of Zheng),

189, 195humaneness, 182, 213Humu Sheng, 2hunting, 31–32, 52, 114, 275Huo (minor state), 105 (and fn 57)Hurang, battle of, 21

inauspiciousness, 72, 159incest, 31 (fn 19), 45 (fn 45), 50 (and fn

8), 51, 54incursions, 57–58, 62, 68, 72, 86, 87,

89, 98, 99, 104, 110, 112, 116, 117, 119, 121, 127, 129, 131, 133, 134, 137, 140, 147, 147, 149, 168, 171 (and fn 33), 173, 175, 181, 183, 185, 188, 193, 196, 198, 202, 206, 250, 253, 254, 255, 269, 270, 275

installation of rulers or grand officers, 53, 56, 97, 110, 138, 157 (and fn 12), 219 (fn 9), 226, 264

I n d e x288

insurrection, 233, 258, 259interments, see funeralsinvasions, 11–12, 19, 23, 25, 43, 58,

61, 79, 104, 111, 112, 119, 127, 157, 172 (and fn 11), 174, 207, 231, 251, 252, 275

irony, see criticism

jade, 85–86, 167Ji (grand officer of the state of Cao), 68

(and fn 21), 69, 70 (fn 33)Ji (marquisate), 3, 12, 13, 21, 30 (and fn

17), 32, 33, 36, 40–41, 44, 49, 50 (and fn 12), 51–52, 73, 167

Ji (minor state), 11–12Ji (town in the state of Jin), 121Ji (town in the state of Lu), 56Ji (town in the state of Song), 29Ji (town to the north of the Wen River),

169Ji family (hereditary grand officers of the

state of Lu, a.k.a. Jisun family), 100 (and fn 29), 196 (fn 38), 226 (fn 44), 237–238 (and fns 10, 13), 242 (fn 28), 247, 249 (fn 5), 255–256 (and fn 10), 257 (and fn 15), 258

Ji Huanzi, see Jisun SiJi River, 63, 117Ji Zhengfu (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 131Jia (town in the state of Zhu Lou), 267Jia clan (of the Red Di), 162Jia Fu (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 36, 42Jiagu (town, location unknown), 257Jian (town in the state of Song), 25Jian (town in the state of Wei), 260Jian Shu (grand officer of the state of

Qin), 120 (and fn 60), 135 (fn 14)Jiang (minor state), 86, 87, 89, 95,

126–127Jiang Jiu Ru (group of Red Di

tribesmen), 169Jiang Rong (tribesmen), 120Jiantu (town in the state of Zheng), 113,

114 (and fn 31), 115Jiao (town in the state of Zhou), 235Jiao (see Dou Jiao)Jiaogang (town in the state of Jin), 178

Jie (legendary tyrant), 162 (and fn 33)Jie (minor state), 117Jiezi (pretender to the throne of the state

of Zhu Lou), 138 (and fn 28)Jifu (town in the state of Chu), 235–236

(and fns 1, 2)Jin (marquisate), 4, 85–86, 90, 93,

96–97, 112 (fn 22), 114, 115–116, 117, 120, 121, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138 (and fn 28), 139, 140, 142, 146, 147, 150, 152, 153, 156, 158–159 (and fn 23), 161, 162, 164, 165–166, 169, 170, 171 (and fn 33), 172, 173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182–183, 184, 185, 188, 189, 190, 191 (fn 18), 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 198, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 213, 214, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 227, 229, 230, 233, 235, 236 (and fns 3, 6), 237, 241, 247, 249, 253, 254 (and fn 3), 256, 259 (and fn 27), 263, 264 (and fn 4), 266, 267

rulers:Duke Xian (personal name Guizhu,

r. 676–651 BCE), 85–86, 89 (and fn 41), 95, 96

Xiqi (personal name of short-lived ruler, r. 651 BCE), 95, 96, 97

Zhuozi (personal name of short-lived ruler, r. 651 BCE), 28 (fn 5), 96, 97

Duke Hui (personal name Yiwu, r. 650–637 BCE), 96–97, 100 (and fn 31), 109

Duke Huai (personal name Yu, r. 637 BCE), 113 (fn 23)

Duke Wen (personal name Chong’er, r. 636–628), 97, 112–113 (and fn 23), 114, 117, 120, 226, 264 (fn 8); as leader of the feudal lords, 115; death of, 119

Duke Xiang (personal name Huan, r. 627–621 BCE), 120, 124, 126, 127, 128

I n d e x 289

Duke Ling (personal name Yihao, r. 620–607 BCE), 137, 147 (and fn 16), 150–151

Duke Cheng (personal name Heitun, r. 606–600 BCE), 151, 153–154

Duke Jing (personal name Nou, r. 599–581 BCE), 157, 160, 163, 165, 168, 169, 170, 172 (and fn 38), 173, 174, 175 (and fn 54)

Duke Li (personal name Zhoupu, r. 580–573), 177, 178, 180, 181–182, 183, 184; assassination of, 185

Duke Dao (personal name Zhou, r. 572–558 BCE), 185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195 (and fn 36), 196, 197, 200

Duke Ping (personal name Biao, r. 557–532 BCE), 200 (and fn 18), 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 212, 219, 224

Duke Zhao (personal name Yi, r. 531–526 BCE), 228 (and fn 8), 230

Duke Qing (personal name Quji, r. 525–512 BCE), 233, 242

Duke Ding (personal name Wu, r. 511–475 BCE), 248 (fn 2), 249, 258, 259, 266

Jing (alternate name for the state of Chu), 58, 61, 62, 66, 72, 88 (see also Chu)

Jing Gui (formal wife of Duke Xiang of Lu), 225 (fn 36)

Jing Ying (consort of Duke Wen of Lu, mother of Duke Xuan), 142 (fn 52), 146 (fn 3), 152, 153

Jingcheng (supposed capital of the state of Zheng, though perhaps a misprint for another town), 196

Jinxiang (town in the state of Lu), 225Jinyang (town in the state of Jin), 259Jisun family, see Ji familyJisun Si (grand officer of the state of Lu),

253, 255–256 (and fn 8), 258, 264, 265

Jisun Su (grand officer of the state of Lu, son of Jisun Xingfu), 192 (and

fn 24), 193, 194, 197, 198, 199, 202, 203, 219, 222

Jisun Xingfu (grand officer of the state of Lu, grandson of Prince You), 128, 136, 139, 140, 141, 143, 146, 156, 166, 171, 177, 182–183 (and fn 23), 191, 192 (fn 24)

Jisun Yinru (grand officer of the state of Lu), 224, 225, 228 (and fn 8), 229, 230, 242 (and fn 28), 252

Jiu, see Prince JiuJixitian (town or region of the state of

Lu), 146–147, 155Jize (town in the state of Jin), 189Ju (viscounty), 11, 13, 16, 23, 40, 58,

64, 70, 78, 83–84, 98, 110, 113, 114, 129, 130, 148–149 (and fn 22), 157, 163 (fn 37), 173, 174 (and fn 49), 178 (fn 5), 183, 187, 190–191, 192 (and fn 23), 194, 195, 197, 198, 199, 203, 205, 206, 212, 214, 215, 219, 221, 224, 229, 231, 233, 245

rulers (partial list):Duke Ji (personal name

Shuji, r. ?–610 BCE), 143Duke Quqiu (personal name Zhu, r.

608–578 BCE), 172, 174 (and fn 49), 178

Duke Libi (personal name Mizhou, r. 577–543 BCE), 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 200, 201 (and fn 18), 203, 204, 206, 207; assassination of, 215

Zhan (personal name of short-lived ruler, alternate name Zhanyu, r. 542), 219 (and fn 10)

Duke Zhuqiu (personal name Quji, r. 541–529 BCE), 219 (and fn 9), 228, 229

Duke Jiao (personal name Kuang, r. 528, 518–481 BCE), 240, 249

Duke Gong (personal name Gengyu, r. 528–519 BCE), 235

Juan (town in the state of Wei), 61Jufu (town in the state of Lu), 260Juliang (town, location unknown), 200Junior Minister, 196Junior Serviceman, 196

I n d e x290

justice, 157, 158 (and 13), 183, 187, 193, 209 (and fn 13), 218, 224, 247–248, 264–265 (and fn 8)

Kaiyang (town in the state of Lu), 265Kan (town in the state of Lu), 39,

244–245 (and fn 38)Ke (town in the state of Qi), 60–61Ke (town in the state of Wei), 203Keling (town in the state of Zheng), 183Kong Da (grand officer of the state of

Wei), 159 (and fn 23)Kong Fu (grand officer of the state of

Song), 28–29, 59, 96Kong Ning (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 154 (fn 45), 157 (and fns 11, 12)

Kong Yu (grand officer of the state of Wei), 250

Kong Yuan (grand officer of the state of Chen), 210, 223

Kuai (grand officer of the state of Zhu Lou), 240

Kuai (minor state), 38Kuaikui (heir apparent of the state of

Wei), see under WeiKuang (town, probably in the state of

Song), 99Kui (town in the state of Zhu Lou), 156

(and fn 7)Kuiqiu (town in the state of Song), 95Kuo (minor state), 217Kuo River, 202 (and fn 23), 264

Lady Gong, see Eldest DaughterLady Meng (wife of Duke Zhao of Lu),

274 (and fn 2)Lady Second Daughter (of Duke Xi of

Lu, brother of Duke Wen of Lu), 134–135 (and fn 11)

Lady Second Daughter (of Duke Xi of Lu, married to Duke Zhao of Qi), 139 (and fn 34), 140 (and fn 39), 143 (fn 53)

Lady Second Daughter (of Duke Xuan of Lu, married to a Qi grand officer), 149

Lady Si (wife or consort of Duke Ding of Lu, mother of Duke Ai of Lu), 261

Lady Zi (mother of Duke Yin of Lu), 13

Lai (minor state), 151, 153, 192Lan (territory belonging to the state of

Zhu Lou), 242–244 (and fns 29, 35)

Lang (town in the state of Lu, fortified by Duke Yin), 24, 38, 41 (fn 29), 73, 141, 224

Lang (town in the state of Lu, visited by Duke Huan), 31, 50, 55, 58

leader of the feudal lords, 52, 81–82, 84–85, 89, 98–99, 115, 157, 209 (and fn 13), 247–248, 264–265 (and fn 8), 266

Legge, James, 5, 8 (fn 3), 14 (fn 17), 29 (fn 6), 31 (fn 22), 32 (fn 23), 33, (fn 27), 38 (fns 11, 12), 39 (fn 18), 40 (fn 27), 42 (fn 31), 43 (fn 33), 48 (fn 3), 49 (fns 4, 7), 66 (fn 15), 68 (fn 24), 77 (fn 24), 84 (fn 15), 89 (fn 39), 91 (fn 50), 94 (fns 2, 3), 95 (fn 8), 99 (fn 22), 100 (fn 27), 102 (fn 42), 104 (fn 54), 112 (fn 22), 113 (fns 23, 27), 114 (fn 31), 116 (fn 41), 121 (fn 64), 126 (fn 17), 149 (fns 25, 26), 154 (fn 45), 156 (fn 4), 161 (fn 31), 163 (fn 37), 170 (fn 24), 171 (fns 30, 33), 173 (fn 39), 188 (fn 6), 190 (fn 17), 192 (fn 23), 193 (fn 28), 196 (fn 38), 198 (fn 5), 199 (fn 14), 200 (fn 18), 203 (fn 26), 213 (fn 32), 219 (fns 10, 11), 219 (fn 11), 221 (fn 17), 222 (fn 19), 223 (fn 25), 225 (fn 41), 226 (fns 43, 44), 228 (fn 8), 237 (fn 10), 241 (fns 25, 26), 242 (fn 28), 243 (fn 32), 244–245 (fn 38), 253–254 (fns 1, 3), 255 (fn 8), 257 (fns 13, 15, 16), 259 (fn 27), 261 (fns 36, 37), 265 (fns 12, 13), 266 (fns 16, 17), 274 (fns 2, 4, 7)

Lesser Zhu Lou (minor state), 53 (and fn 17), 62, 91, 189, 192, 194, 195, 196, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 212, 214, 220, 228, 230, 237, 245, 250, 266

rulers: Lilai (personal name of untitled ruler), 53

Levenson, Joseph, 1

I n d e x 291

lewdness, 33, 66 (fn 9), 113 (and fn 23), 139, 154 (fn 45), 156 (fn 4), 243

Li (minor state), 99, 220Li (town in the state of Lu), 83Li (town in the state of Wei), 264Li (town in the state of Zheng), 43Li Gate, 79Li Ji (concubine of Duke Xian of Jin), 89

(fn 41), 96Li Ji (grand officer of the state of Jin),

see Li KeLi Ke (grand officer of the state of Jin),

95, 96–97Lian (younger brother of the Marquis of

Wei), see Prince LianLiang (minor state), 104Liang Maizi (grand officer of the state of

Lu), 243Liang Xiao (grand officer of the

state of Zheng), 196, 209, 210, 214

Liangqiu (town in the state of Song), 74lightning, 100Lin Nan (operative of Yang Hu of the

state of Lu), 255–256Linghu (town in the state of Jin), 129,

131 (fn 39)Liu (former capital of the state of

Zheng), 38–39Liu (town in the state of Lu), 199Liu (town in the state of Zhou), 147Liu Juan, see Viscount of Liu IILiu Xia (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 199Liu Xu (sub-group of the Red Di), 162Lizhen (town in the state of Lu), 184locusts, 33, 100, 126, 130, 151, 159,

161, 162, 192, 274, 275logic, 1, 2–3, 215 (fn 37)lords, see feudal lordsLu (dukedom), 1, 4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 14

(and fn 17), 21, 23, 25, 28, 29, 32, 35, 36, 38, 41, 44 (fn 42), 48, 49, 50, 54, 55–56, 57, 59, 61 (fn 25), 64, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78–79, 87, 89, 90, 99, 102 (and fn 38), 104, 105 (fn 59), 110, 111, 114, 117, 118, 126, 130, 131, 134, 135 (fn 11), 136–137 (and fn 21), 139–140, 142, 149

(fn 22), 153 (fn 40), 155, 163 (and fn 37), 166, 167–168, 170, 171 (and fn 31), 172, 174 (and fns 44, 50), 180–181, 191 (and fns 18, 21), 192 (and fn 23), 194, 195, 197, 198 (and fn 5), 199, 200 (and fn 18), 201, 202 (and fn 23), 204, 205, 207, 211, 218, 220, 222 (and fn 21), 223, 224, 228, 231, 235, 238, 240, 242–243, 244–245 (and fns 38, 39), 248 (and fn 4), 250 (and fns 10, 11), 252 (fn 18), 254 (and fn 3), 255, 257, 259, 260, 267 (and fn 19), 269, 270, 273, 274 (fn 2); capital of, 78–79, 174, 203, 253, 266, (see also Qufu); creation of, 136–137

rulers:Duke Kao (personal name You, r.

998–995 BCE), 248 (fn 3)Duke Yang (personal name

Xi, r. 994–989 BCE), 248 (and fn 3)

Duke Wu (personal name Ao, r. 825–816 BCE), 171 (and fn 30), 229, 242–243 (and fn 32)

Duke Yi (personal name Xi, r. 815–808 BCE), 243 (and fn 32)

Boyu (personal name of untitled ruler, r. 806–796 BCE), 243 (fn 32)

Duke Xiao (personal name Cheng, r. 795–769 BCE)

Duke Hui (personal name Fuhuang, r. 768–723), 9–10, 13 (fn 8), 21 (fn 10)

Duke Yin (personal name Xigu, r. 722–712 BCE), 3, 4, 10 (fn 20), 11, 12, 13 (and fn 8), 16, 21 (and fn 10), 22 (and fn 12), 24, 25, 27; reluctance to assume dukedom, 7–8, 9, 13, 20 (and fn 5), 26; worthiness of, 8, 29; assassination foretold, 16–17; reproached for excess, 19, 20, 25; previously captured at battle of Hurang, 21; meeting with nondescript men, 23; assassination of, 25–26

I n d e x292

Lu (dukedom)—continuedDuke Huan (personal name Yun,

r. 711–694 BCE), 3, 4, 7–8, 10 (fn 20), 20, 26, 28, 29, 30, 33, 37–38 (and fn 11), 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 48–49, 66, 67, 196 (fn 38), 237 (fn 10), 265 (and fn 13); involvement in assassination of Duke Yin, 16–17; ambition of, 27; worthlessness of, 29; marriage of, 31; excessive piety of, 36, 41–42; assassination of, 45, 47–48

Duke Zhuang (personal name Tong, r. 693–662 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 33, 50, 53, 58, 59–60, 62, 63, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 84 (and fn 16), 85, 126, 127 (fn 20), 180 (fn 11); feelings toward mother, 47–48, 65; socializing with Duke Xiang of Qi, 52; battles with the state of Qi, 56–57; won over by Duke Huan of Qi, 60–61; meeting with grand officers, 65; marriage of, 65–67 (and fns 15, 16); conspiracy against, 70; death of, 75

(Sir) Ban (personal name of short-lived ruler), 74, 75–76, 78

Duke Min (personal name Qifang, r. 661–660 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 76 (and fn 18), 77; assassination of, 78, 81 (and fn 1), 83, 84 (and fn 16), 255 (fn 7)

Duke Xi (personal name Shen, r. 659–627 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 78, 81 (and fn 1), 83, 87, 90, 91, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 112 (and fn 22), 113–114 (and fn 27), 116 (and fn 41), 117, 121, 124, 127 (and fn 20), 132, 135 (fn 11), 265; death of, 121; posthumous alteration in ranking of, 125, 255 (fn 7)

Duke Wen (personal name Xing, r. 626–609 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 81 (fn 1), 123, 124 (fn 8), 125 (fn 13), 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 133 (fn 3), 135 (fn 11),

137, 138, 142, 152, 170 (fn 24), 179, 255; marriage of, 127; illness and neglectfulness of, 141; death of, 142

Duke Xuan (personal name Tui, r. 608–591 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 142 (fn 52), 145, 146, 147 (fn 11), 148–149, 151, 152 (fn 33), 153, 155, 156, 162, 163 (and fn 37), 164, 169, 173 (fn 39), 179–180

Duke Cheng (personal name Heigong, r. 590–573 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 165, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173 (and fn 39), 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181–182, 182–183, 184, 185, 190 (fn 17)

Duke Xiang (personal name Wu, r. 572–542 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197 (and fn 3), 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 211 (fns 18, 19), 215 (and fn 39), 225 (fn 36)

Duke Zhao (personal name Chou, r. 541–510 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 217, 217, 219 (and fn 11), 221, 222, 225 (and fn 36), 226, 228 (and fn 8), 229, 230, 233, 236, 240, 241 (and fns 25, 26), 242 (and fn 28), 244–245 (and fn 38), 247, 248, 253–254 (fn 1), 274; exile of, 237–239 (and fns 10, 11, 16, 17)

Duke Ding (personal name Song, r. 509–495 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 247 (and fn 1), 248 (and fn 3), 249 (and fn 5), 250, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 261

Duke Ai (personal name Jiang, r. 494–467 BCE), 10 (fn 20), 261, 263, 269, 270, 273, 274, 275 (fn 10)

Lu (minor state), 127Lu clan (of the Red Di), 161

leader: Sir Lu (personal name Yinger), 161

Lu Gate, 78Lu Xu (grand officer of the state of Ji),

3, 4, 12, 13 (fn 9)

I n d e x 293

Lu-Ji (town on the border between the states of Lu and Cao), 73

Luan Shi (grand officer of the state of Qi), 224

Luan Shu (grand officer of the state of Jin), 171 (and fn 33), 173, 174, 185 (fn 40)

Luan Yan (grand officer of the state of Jin), 181, 187

Luan Ying (grand officer of the state of Jin), 204, 205

Luo (group of Rong tribesmen), 130Luo (town in the state of Qi), 45Luogu (town in the state of Qi), 77Luolin (town in the minor state of

Xu), 100Luqiu (town in the state of Zhu

Lou), 204Lushang (town in the state of

Song), 105

maids, 64, 94, 173, 175Maling (town in the state of Wei), 172Mao Rong (tribesmen), 165–166 (and

fn 2)Maorong, see Mao RongMarquis Shen (grand officer of the state

of Zheng), 91marriage, see weddingsmarshalling (military), 223, 225, 233,

259, 260marvels, 13, 24, 36, 41, 54, 62, 74, 86,

97, 99, 100–101, 121, 125, 126, 132, 138, 170, 181, 230, 213, 237, 248, 274, 275

massacre, 62Master Baili, see Baili XiMaster Beigong, 266Master Cao (grand officer of the state of

Lu), 60–61Master Gao (Gongyang commentator),

127Master Gao, see Gao Xi (grand officer of

the state of Qi)Master Gonghu (grand officer of

the state of Zhu Lou), 244Master Gongyang, 33, 149Master Guan (grand officer of the state

of Qi), 61 (and fn 24), 134 (fn 7)Master Jian Shu, see Jian Shu

Master Lu, 50 (and fn 12), 67, 90, 104, 109, 114

Master Min, 146Master Ru, 77Master Shen, 26 (and fn 27), 58, 248Master Sima, 73mediation, 148–149Mencius, 65 (fn 6), 162 (fn 33)Meng (town in the state of Cao), 232Meng family (hereditary grand officers

of the state of Lu, a.k.a. Mengsun family), 196 (fn 38), 237 (fn 10), 239 (fn 18), 255–256 (and fns 9, 10), 258 (fn 23)

Mengsun family, see Meng familymeteorites, 100–101Mi (town in the state of Ju), 13Middle Brother Sui, see Prince SuiMie (town, location unknown), 8Min (town in the state of Song),

108, 111Mr. Cui, see Cui ZhuMr. Yin (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 14 (and fn 15)Mo (frontier people), 162 (and fn 33)mockery, see criticismmothers, 12, 13, 20, 47–48, 109–110,

119, 127 (and fn 20), 135, 141 (fn 42), 142, 146 (and fn 3), 153, 156 (fn 4), 157 (fn 11), 167, 190, 225 (and fn 36), 251, 261 (and fn 37)

Mou (minor state), 43, 90Mou Yi (grand officer of the state of Ju),

221 (and fn 18)Moulou I (town initially in the earldom

of Qi), 16, 221Moulou II (town, location unknown), 162Mount Liang, 170Mount Tai, 23, 44, 118Mount Xing (in the state of Chu), 87mourning, 77–78, 95 (fn 6), 110 (fn

15), 124, 125–125, 130–131, 135, 145, 146 (and fns 4, 7), 164, 172, 179–180, 202, 236, 267, 268

Muqiu (town in the state of Qi), 99music, 229mutiny, 232myna birds, 237

I n d e x294

Nan Ji (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 24

Nang Wa (grand officer of the state of Chu), 251 (and fn 15)

Nangong Wan (grand officer of the state of Song), 59–60, 66 (fn 13)

Nanli (district of the capital of the state of Song), 233

Nanyang (territory of the state of Qi), 78Nanying (capital of the state of Chu),

251New Palace, see templeNi (grand officer of the state of Lu), 50Ni, see Lesser Zhu LouNian (younger brother of Duke Xi of

Qi), 22, 31Nianfu (younger brother of King Jing of

Zhou), 214Niebei (town, location unknown), 81niece of Tong of the state of Xiao (Duke

Qing of Qi’s mother), 167–168 (and fn 10)

nieces, 64Ning Su (grand officer of the state of

Wei), 110Ning Xi (grand officer of the

state of Wei, son of Ning Zhi), 208 (and fn 7), 209 (and fn 13), 210–211 (and fns 14, 16)

Ning Yu (grand officer of the state of Wei), 127

Ning Zhi (grand officer of the state of Wei), 187, 188, 200, 210

Ningwu (town in the state of Lu), 91

Nuli (town, location unknown), 133nobility, 8, 22, 53, 57, 65, 90, 135, 138Northern Rong, 96 (and fn 14)

oaths, 61, 93, 210 (see also pacts)“official stories,” 57, 112, 130, 139,

140, 172, 173, 220, 269omens, see portentsoutlaws, 195, 266, 275, see also thievesOuyi (town in the state of Lu), 40

pacts, 8, 10, 13, 15, 21, 23, 28, 30, 38, 40, 41, 44, 56, 60–61, 65, 67, 70, 77, 86, 87–88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 99, 103, 104, 105, 106,

110, 112, 113, 116, 119, 124, 125, 126, 129, 130, 133, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 151, 157, 159, 163, 165, 166–168, 169, 170, 171 (fn 31), 172, 174, 177, 180, 183, 185, 189–190, 192, 194, 196, 198, 200, 201, 203, 207, 210, 212, 222 (and fn 22), 225, 228, 240, 249, 250, 254 (and fns 10, 11), 255, 258, 264, see also accords

patricide, 124, 213, 214 (fn 35)peace, 222, 257, 258peas, 248Peng (town in the state of Ji), 49Pengcheng (town in the state of Song),

185, 187Pengya (town in the state of Qin), 124pests, 63petitioning (for grain), 72Pi Zhengfu (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 97 (and fn 17)Pingqiu (town in the state of Wei), 228Pingyang (town in the state of Lu), 153Pingzhou (town on the border of Lu and

Qi), 146Pipu (town in the state of Lu), 225,

259, 260pity, 52, 59, 73, 140, 158, 160, 214,

215plenty, see harvestsplunder, 54, 74, 105–106Polaris, 230poison, 75portents, 100, 162 (and fn 34), 275–276praise, 8Precious Jade, 255–256preparations, military, 165Prime Minister of the Left (personal

name Bo, grand officer of the state of Song, son of Duke Mu), 15

Prince Bi (grand officer of the state of Chu), 219, 227–228 (and fns 2, 4, 5)

Prince Ce (grand officer of the state of Chu), 160–161, 181 (and fn 21)

Prince Chengfu (Zhou prince, later grand officer of the state of Qi), 134 (and fn 7)

I n d e x 295

Prince Chi (grand officer of the state of Song), 257, 258

Prince Fa (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 190, 195

Prince Fei (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 195

Prince Fuchu, see Duke Cheng of CaoPrince Guisheng (grand officer of the

state of Zheng), 147, 149Prince Guo (grand officer of the state of

Chen, younger brother of Duke Ai of Chen), 223 (and fn 28)

Prince Hu (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 126 (and fn 17)

Prince Hui (grand officer of the state of Lu), 16, 22 (fn 11), 24, 31

Prince Jie (grand officer of the state of Chu), 259, 271

Prince Jie (grand officer of the state of Lu), 64

Prince Jizha (grand officer and unwilling ruler of the state of Wu), 212–213 (and fns 23, 25, 28, 30)

Prince Jiu (brother of Duke Xiang of Qi), 56, 57

Prince Kou (brother of Duke Hui of Lu, uncle of Duke Yin), 21 (and fn 7)

Prince Lian (younger brother of Duke Xian of Wei), 210

Prince Liu (grand officer of the state of Chen, son of Duke Ai of Chen), 223

Prince Lu (grand officer of the state of Cai, younger brother of Prince Xie), 203 (and fn 31)

Prince Mai (grand officer of the state of Lu, son of Duke Zhuang of Lu), 112 (and fn 22)

Prince Muyi (grand officer of the state of Song, common-born older brother of Duke Xiang of Song), 105–106, 108 (fn 4)

Prince Pengsheng (grand officer of the state of Qi), 48

Prince Qiji (grand officer of the state of Chu), 224, 227–228, see also King Ping of Chu

Prince Qingfu (grand officer of the state of Lu, brother of Duke Zhuang), 49 (and fn 7), 70 (and fn 33),

75, 76, 77 (and fns 22, 23), 78, 83–84, 124 (fn 6), 153 (fn 39)

Prince Qiu (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 180

Prince Quji (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 169

Prince Renfu (grand officer of the state of Chu), 188, 191

Prince Shen I (grand officer of the state of Chu), 189

Prince Shen II (grand officer of the state of Chu), 275

Prince Shou (grand officer of the state of Cao), 166

Prince Si (grand officer of the state of Cai), 264 (and fn 6)

Prince Sui (grand officer of the state of Lu, son of Duke Zhuang of Lu), 111, 114, 117, 121, 125, 128, 130, 131, 134, 141, 142, 145, 146, 151, 152 (and fns 30, 33), 156 (fn 5), 166 (fn 4), 179–180 (and fns 7, 11), 202 (fn 25)

Prince Tuoren (grand officer of the state of Chen), 259

Prince Wei (grand officer of the state of Chu), 217, see also King Ling of Chu

Prince Wu (grand officer of the state of Chu), 201

Prince Xi (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 178, 181, 203

Prince Xia (member of the royal family of the state of Zhou), 214

Prince Xie (grand officer of the state of Cai), 193, 203 (and fn 31)

Prince Xishi (grand officer of the state of Cao, son of Duke Xuan of Cao, father of Gongsun Hui), 182, 232 (and fn 20)

Prince Xisi (grand officer of the state of Lu, brother of Duke Zhuang), 83

Prince Ya (grand officer of the state of Lu, brother of Duke Zhuang), 70, 74–75, 76, 78

Prince Yan (common-born younger brother of Duke Cheng of Lu), 183 (and fn 33)

I n d e x296

Prince Yangsheng (nonexistent person, name derived from misreading of text), 226 (and fn 42)

Prince Yangsheng (a.k.a. Duke Dao of Qi), see under Qi

Prince Yihui (grand officer of the state of Ju), 229

Prince Yingqi (grand officer of the state of Chu), 158–159, 168 (and fn 17), 171, 172, 174, 189

Prince Yishi (grand officer of the state of Lu), 10

Prince You, (grand officer of the state of Lu, brother of Duke Zhuang, a.k.a. the Youngest Prince), 69 (and fn 27), 70, 74–75, 77, 78, 83–84, 87, 91, 98, 101, 128 (fn 22)

Prince Yukou (grand officer of the state of Song), 65

Prince Zhao (grand officer of the state of Chen, younger brother of Duke Ai of Chen), 217, 222, 223 (and fn 28)

Prince Zhao (son of King Ying of Zhou), see Prince Zhao of Zhou

Prince Zhen (grand officer of the state of Chu), 191, 192, 194, 195, 198, 199

Prince Zheng (grand officer of the state of Lu, son of Duke Xiang of Lu), 226 (and fn 44)

Prince Zhouxu (grand officer of the state of Wei, son of Duke Zhuang, brother of Duke Huan), 16 (and fn 24, 25), 17 (and fn 32)

Prince Zhuishu (grand officer of the state of Chu), 204

prisons, 233private, 265propriety, 30, 31, 32, 42, 48, 66, 67,

69, 70, 94, 118, 123, 127, 131, 132, 142 (fn 49), 149 (fn 26), 152 (fn 33), 156, 158–159, 169, 171, 175, 190 (fn 17), 192, 229, 248 (and fn 3), 253 (and fn 1), 261

Pu (town in the state of Chen), 17Pu (town in the state of Wei), 30, 174Pu Shrine, 266 (and fn 17)

public, 265punishment, see justice

Qi (earldom), 16, 30, 69, 70, 98, 111, 135 (fn 11), 164, 188, 198, 212, 214, 225, 245

rulers (partial list):Duke Cheng (personal name

unknown, r. 654–637 BCE), 109Duke Huan (personal name

Gurong, r. 636–567 BCE), 111, 134, 135 (fn 11), 170 (and fn 24), 172, 173–174, 185, 192

Duke Xiao (personal name Gai, r. 566–550 BCE), 194, 195, 196, 200, 201, 203, 204, 205

Duke Wen (personal name Yigu, r. 549–536 BCE), 206, 207, 212, 222

Duke Ping (personal name Yu, alternate name Yuli, r. 535–518 BCE), 228, 237

Duke Dao (personal name Cheng, alternate name Wu, r. 517–506 BCE), 250

Duke Xi (personal name Sui, alternate name Guo, r. 505–487 BCE), 270

Qi (marquisate), 2, 4, 9, 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43–44, 45, 47, 49, 50, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65–66, 67, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, 81–82, 82–83, 84, 88, 89, 91, 94, 96, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 110, 111, 113, 114, 116, 121, 124, 125, 127, 131, 134 (and fn 7), 138 (and fn 30), 139–140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147 (and fn 11), 148, 149, 151, 153, 155, 156, 157, 159, 163, 164, 166, 167–168, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180 (and fn 11), 183, 184, 185, 198, 199, 200 (fn 18), 201, 202, 203, 206, 208 (fn 4), 214, 219 (and fn 9), 220, 222 (and fn 21), 224, 226, 237, 239, 240, 241, 254 (and fn 3), 257, 264 (fn 8), 270, 271, 273

I n d e x 297

rulers:Duke Ai (personal name Buchen, r.

?–863 BCE), 51Duke Xi (personal name Lufu, r.

730–698 BCE), 15, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 29, 30, 31, 32, 38, 40, 42

Duke Xiang (personal name Zhu’er, r. 697–686 BCE), 43 (and fn 32), 44, 54; incestuous relationship with sister Wen Jiang, 31 (fn 19), 45 (fn 45), 50 (and fn 8), 51, 54; orders assassination of Duke Huan of Lu, 45 (fn 45), 47–48; destruction of them state of Ji by, 49, 51–52; assassination of, 56

Wuzhi (personal name of short-lived ruler, r. 686 BCE), 56

Duke Huan (personal name Xiaobai, r. 685–643), 57, 58, 59 (fn 15), 60, 62, 66, 67, 70, 73, 74, 77, 78, 83, 86, 87–89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103, 109 (fn 9), 134 (fn 7), 226, 264 (fn 8); faithfulness of, 60–61; reestablishment of state of Xing by, 81–82; reestablishment of state of Wei by, 84–85; described in terms befitting king, 88; excesses of, 91 (and fn 48); interference in Duke Xi of Lu’s wedding by, 94 (and fn 4); overbearing tendency of, 95; reestablishment of the earldom of Qi by, 98–99; editorial protection for, 102; death of, 102

Duke Xiao (personal name Zhao, r. 642–633 BCE), 108, 111

Duke Zhao (personal name Pan, r. 632–613 BCE), 113, 114, 119, 137, 139 (fns 32, 34)

She (personal name of short-lived ruler, r. 613 BCE), 139 (and fn 32)

Duke Yi (personal name Shangren, r. 612–609 BCE), 139 (and fn 32), 140, 141, 142

Duke Hui (personal name Yuan), r. 608–599 BCE), 146, 148, 151, 153, 155, 156

Duke Qing (personal name Wuye, r. 598–582 BCE), 156, 160, 166–168, 170, 172 (and fn 38), 174

Duke Ling (personal name Huan, r. 581–554 BCE), 175, 178, 181, 183, 192, 199, 200, 201, 202 (and fns 22, 24), 203 (and fn 26)

Duke Zhuang (personal name Guang, r. 553–548 BCE), 189, 191, 194, 195, 196, 202 (and fns 22, 24), 203, 204, 205; assassination of, 207 (and fn 1)

Duke Jing (personal name Chujiu, r. 547–490 BCE), 209, 222, 228, 230, 233, 237–239 (and fn 17), 240, 241, 253–254 (and fn 1), 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 263, 267

Yan Ruzi (style of short-lived ruler, personal name Tu, alternate name She, r. 489), 267–268 (and fn 22)

Duke Dao (personal name Yangsheng, r. 488–485), 267–268 (and fns 21–24), 270

Qi (town in the state of Lu), 261Qi (town in the state of Wei), 124, 180,

188, 189, 191, 199, 209 (and fn 8), 264

Qi (town in the state of Zhu Lou), 204Qi Miming (soldier of the state of Jin),

150–151Qian (town in the state of Lu), 11Qili (town in the state of Zheng), 25Qin (earldom), 97 (fn 15), 113, 114,

116, 117, 120, 124, 125, 126, 127, 129, 132, 133, 135, 141, 147, 152, 161, 168, 174, 178, 195, 196, 198, 221 (and fn 20)

rulers:Duke Mu (personal name Renhao,

r. 659–621 BCE), 100, 120; worthiness of, 135 (and fns 13, 14)

Duke Kang (personal name Ying, r. 620–609 BCE), 135, 142

Duke Gong (personal name He, alternate names Dao and Duan, r. 608–605), 149

I n d e x298

Qin (earldom)—continuedDuke Huan (personal name Rong, r.

603–577 BCE), 179Duke Jing (personal name Shi, r.

576–537 BCE), 218, 221 (and fn 20), 222

Duke Ai (personal name unknown, r. 536–501 BCE), 256

Duke Hui (personal name unknown, r. 500–492 BCE), 266

Qin (town in the state of Lu), 74Qing (grand officer of the state of Ju),

70, 110Qing (town in the state of Wei), 16Qing Feng (grand officer of the state of

Qi), 209, 211, 220Qing Hu (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 205Qing Xiong, see Jing YingQing Yin (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 205Qingqiu (town in the state of Wei), 159Qinru (town, probably in the state of

Lu), 256 (and fn 9)Qiu Mu (grand officer of the state of

Song), 28 (fn 5), 59–60, 96Qu (town in the state of Jin), 85Qu Bojiu (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 32 (and fn 23)Qu Jian (grand officer of the state of

Chu), 208, 210Qu Shen (grand officer of the state of

Chu), 221Qu Wan (grand officer of the state of

Chu), 87–88Quan (minor state), 134Queen (Youngest Daughter of the

Marquis of Ji, married into the royal Zhou house), 36–37

Queen, Heavenly (native of the state of Qi, presumably married to King Ling of Zhou), 199

Qufu (capital of the state of Lu), 175 (fn 51)

Quhe (town, location unknown), 133Quji (town in the state of Song), 239Qupu (town in the state of Wei), 255Quxiao (town, location unknown), 261Quwo (town in the state of Jin), 205Quyin (town in the state of Wei), 225

rain, 74, 86, 87, 125, 133, 136, 181 (see also sacrifices for rain, drought)

ranks, feudal, 5, 20, 22 (and fn 11)razing (of towns), 258Red Di (tribesmen), 148, 149, 162, see

also Lu clan, Jia clan, Liu Xu, Jiang Jiu Ru

reestablishment (of states), see enfeoffment

regicide, 75, 195 (fn 37), 224relief (military), 50, 72, 77, 91, 99, 111,

112 (fn 22), 159, 251 (see also rescue)

remonstrance, 68, 86, 105–106 (and fn 62), 107–108 (and fn 4), 120, 128, 135 (fn 14), 154 (fn 45), 158–159, 193, 255

Reng Shu’ son (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 32

reproach, 200, see also criticismrepudiation, 109requests (for military commitments), 42,

178, 181, 182–183, 184, 185, see also begging, tribute

rescue (military), 81–82, 85, 99, 102, 103, 112 (and fn 22), 126–127, 131, 147, 154, 159, 171, 172, 191 (fn 33), 195, 197, 199, 205, 269, 271, see also relief

restoration (of rulers or rulers or grand officers), 42, 114, 115–116

revenge, 26, 51–52, 57, 243, 251, 274reviews, military, 33revolt, 87, 209, 227 (fn 1), 257 (and

fn 16)ridicule, see criticismrighteousness, 213, 224, 228Rong (tribesmen), 11, 12, 22, 30, 63,

64, 68, 69, 74 (see also Shan Rong, Northern Rong, Jiang Rong, Yi, Luo, Bihun, Mao Rong)

Rong Man (tribesmen), 230, 266leaders (partial list): Chi, 266

Rong Shu I (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 48

Rong Shu II (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 127

Rongcheng (new capital of the state of Xu)

Rou (grand officer of the state of Lu), 39

I n d e x 299

rout, 126, see also battleRoyal City, 234 (and fn 28)Royal Gate, 248–249 (and fn 4)royal house, see Zhou (kingdom)royal princess (married to Duke Huan of

Qi), 59royal princess (married to Duke Xiang of

Qi), 48, 49–50 (and fns 8, 9)Ru (grand officer of the state of Ju), 83

(and fn 12)Ru Shu (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 68Ruo (minor state), 127

sacrifices, 23, 36, 66, 68, 69, 73, 94, 136–137, 140, 152, 225 (fn 41), 238, 251, 260 (see also sacrifices for rain, First Taste sacrifice, soldiers’ sacrifice, Environs Sacrifice, Three-from-Afar Sacrifice, Great Sacrifice, day-after sacrifice)

sacrifices for rain, 32, 97, 98, 169, 172, 191, 194, 200, 201, 211, 220, 222, 223, 230, 237, 248, 254, 255, 258

sage kings, see Yao, Shun, and Yusarcasm, see criticismsatire, see criticismseasons, see calendarSecond Brother Zhai (grand officer of

the state of Zheng), 38–39, 43seizure (of persons), see capture, arrestSenior Minister, 196Senior Serviceman, 196seniority (birth order), 8, 138 (and

fn 31)settlement (compensation), 146–147Shalu (mountain or town), 99shame, 228, 236shaming, see criticismShan (personal name of a grand officer

of the state of Song, a.k.a. Sir Commander Shan), 180

Shan Rong, 73Shandao (town in the state of Wu), 191Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE),

101 (fn 33), 108 (and fn 2), 126 (fn 18), 194 (fn 32), 266 (and fn 17)

Shangren (town in the state of Jin), 204Shao Bo (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 127Shaoling (town in the state of Chu),

87–88, 250Shasui (town in the state of Song),

181–182, 204Shaze (town in the state of Wei), 254Shaze (town, probably in the state of

Jin), 178Shen (viscounty), 126 (and fn 16), 220,

221, 235–236, 250rulers (partial list):

Ying (personal name of ruler, d. 519 BCE), 235–236

Jia (personal name of ruler, d. 506 BCE), 250

Shen (town in the state of Cai), 58Shen (town in the state of Chu), 220,

224Shen Chu, see Marquis ShenSheng Jiang (wife of Duke Xi of

Lu, daughter of Duke Huan of Qi), 97 (and fn 18), 102, 141, 142

Shengxing (town in the state of Lu), 107Shensheng (personal name of the heir

apparent of the state of Jin, who never ruled), 89 (and fn 41), 96

Sheyuan (town, probably in the state of Lu), 259

Shi (town in the state of Zhu Lou), 198 (and fn 5)

Shi E (grand officer of the state of Wei), 210–211 (and fn 16), 217

Shi Gai (grand officer of the state of Jin), 185, 194, 198, 199, 202, 203

Shi Gu (grand officer of the state of Jin), 131

Shi Hou (son of Shi Que), 17 (fn 32)Shi Hu (grand officer of the state of Jin),

125Shi Jishe (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 259Shi Mai (grand officer of the state of

Wei), 201Shi Mangu (grand officer of the state of

Wei), 264–265Shi Ou (grand officer of the state of

Song), 257, 258

I n d e x300

Shi Peng (grand officer of the state of Jin), 185, 197

Shi Que (grand officer of the state of Wei), 17 (fn 32)

Shi Shang (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 260

Shi Xie (grand officer of the state of Jin), 173, 180

Shi Yang (grand officer of the state of Jin), 212, 233, 240, 250, 252

Shimen (town in the state of Qi), 15Shishu Shen (grand officer of the state of

Wei), 245Shishu Qi (grand officer of the state of

Wei), 212, 273Shoudai (town in the state of Wei)Shu (minor state), 87, see also Shu Liao,

Shu Yong, Shu JiuShu (town in the state of Lu), 168Shu family (hereditary grand officers

of the state of Lu, a.k.a. Shusun family), 196 (fn 38), 237 (fn 10), 255–256 (and fn 9), 257 (and fn 16)

Shu Fu (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 123

Shu Gong (grand officer of the state of Lu, son of Shu Lao), 214, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 227, 229, 233 (fn 24)

Shu Huan (grand officer of the state of Lu), 258, 267

Shu Ji (grand officer of the state of Zhu Lou), 204

Shu Jiu (subdivision of state/tribe of Shu), 208

Shu Lao (grand officer of the state of Lu), 198, 200, 203, 204

Shu Liao (tribesmen), 152Shu Ni (grand officer of the state of Lu),

237, 241 (and fn 25)Shu Pengsheng (grand officer of the

state of Lu), 134 (and fn 4), 137Shu Shu, see under Zhu LouShu Yang (grand officer of the state of

Lu, son of Shu Gong), 233, 235Shu Yong (minor state), 184Shu Zuo (grand officer of the state of

Lu, son of Shu Gong), 233 (and fn 24)

Shudiao (eunuch of the state of Qi), 103Shun (sage king), see Yao and ShunShusun Bao (grand officer of the state of

Lu, younger brother of Shusun Qiaoru), 189 (and fn 11), 190, 192, 198, 199, 200, 203, 205, 206, 210, 217, 220

Shusun Bugan (grand officer of the state of Lu), 252

Shusun Dechen (grand officer of the state of Lu), 124 (and fn 5), 126, 131, 134, 142, 149

Shusun family, see Shu familyShusun Qiaoru (grand officer of the state

of Lu), 166, 169, 170, 171, 173, 177, 178, 179, 180, 183, 189 (fn 11)

Shusun She (grand officer of the state of Lu), 222, 224, 235, 237, 239

Shusun Zhouqiu (grand officer of the state of Lu), 257, 258, 263, 264, 265, 266

Shuxi (younger brother of Duke Xuan of Lu), 163

Shuzhong Huibo (grand officer of the state of Lu), 179

Si Hong (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 269

sieges, 21, 38, 55, 58, 91, 103, 106, 108, 110, 111, 116, 117, 119, 126, 135, 148, 154, 158, 160, 169, 174, 187, 190, 192, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 224, 227, 235, 239, 250, 252, 253, 257, 258, 263, 264, 266, 269

Sir Ai, see Gao AiSir Chi (Duke Wen of Lu’s heir apparent

who never ruled), 142–143, 147 (and fn 11), 152, 179

Sir Fan, see Prince CeSir Ji, see Prince JizhaSir Lu (disciple of Confucius), 276Sir Jiu, see Prince JiuSir Tu (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 53Sir Ye (son of Duke Xiang of Lu), 215Sir Yu, see Cheng Dechensisters, 29, 64, 135, 225 (fn 36)slighting, 33sneak attack, 120, see also surprise attack

I n d e x 301

snow, 36, 220soft-silk ceremony, 146soldiers’ sacrifice, 55Son of Heaven, 14 (and fn 12), 20, 23,

27, 37, 44, 48, 51, 52, 54, 81–82, 84–85, 95, 98–99, 113–114, 115, 118, 130–131, 147, 156, 157, 173, 177, 178, 235, 236, 238, 243, 244, 260 (see also Zhou [kingdom])

“son of the Wu family” (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 4, 14

Song (dukedom) 10, 12, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 38–39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 53, 58, 59–60, 61, 62, 64, 64, 66 (fn 13), 69, 72, 81–82, 89, 100–101, 102, 103, 105, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113 (and fn 23), 116, 117 (fn 45), 125, 126, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 141, 142, 147, 148, 154, 156, 159, 160–161, 168, 170, 171, 174, 180, 181, 185, 187, 188, 189, 193, 194 (and fn 32), 195 (and fn 36), 196, 198, 200, 201, 203, 209, 210, 213, 214, 224, 231, 233, 237, 259, 260, 261, 266, 267, 269, 270, 273, 274

rulers:Duke Xuan (personal name Li, r.

747–729 BCE), 15Duke Mu (personal name He, r.

728–720 BCE), 14 (and fn 18), 15

Duke Shang (personal name Yuyi, r. 719–711 BCE), 15, 16 (and fn 26), 23; assassinated, 28

Duke Zhuang (personal name Ping, r. 710–692 BCE), 15, 28 (fn 4), 39, 40, 43, 50

Duke Min (personal name Jie, r. 691–682 BCE), 28 (fn 5), 59–60

Duke Huan (personal name Yuyue, r. 681–651 BCE), 61, 62, 70, 74, 83, 86, 87, 90, 91, 93, 95

Duke Xiang (personal name Zifu, r. 650–637 BCE), 95 (and fn 6), 98, 99, 101, 102–103, 105, 107;

capture by King Cheng of Chu, 105–106, 111–112; defeat at battle of Hong River, 107–108; death of, 108

Duke Cheng (personal name Wangchen, r. 636–620 BCE), 113, 114, 125, 129

Duke Zhao (personal name Chujiu, r. 619–611 BCE), 138, 141

Duke Wen (personal name Bao, r. 610–589 BCE), 147, 151, 153, 168, 169

Duke Gong (personal name Xia, alternate name Gu, r. 588–576 BCE), 168, 169, 170, 172, 173 (and fn 39), 174, 175, 178, 180, 213 (fn 32)

Duke Ping (personal name Cheng, alternate name Xu, r. 575–532 BCE), 180, 183, 184, 185, 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 199, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 209, 224

Duke Yuan (personal name Zuo, r. 531–517 BCE), 220, 226, 228, 231, 239 (and fn 16)

Duke Jing (personal name Touman, r. 516–469 BCE), 249, 257 (fn 19), 258, 260, 269, 270

sons, 264, 265sovereignty, 29 (fn 10), 105–106 (and fn

62), 195, 256 (fn 11)spirit tablets, 124, 125Spring and Autumn Annals, The, 1, 2, 4,

5, 12, 14, 21, 22, 25, 26, 32 (fn 24), 37, 47, 51, 54, 68 (fn 22), 71, 73, 77, 101, 103, 107, 115, 163 (fn 36), 166, 171, 180–181, 213, 217, 226, 265; purpose of, 276 (and fn 13)

Spring and Autumn Period (770–476 BCE), 77

Springs Pavilion, 141stars (including constellations, shooting

stars), 54“stems and branches,” 4, 237Su (barony), 10, 23, 58Su Shi (a.k.a. Su Dongpo, 1037–1101),

94 (fns 3, 4)

I n d e x302

succession, 15, 42, 47, 74–75, 81, 87, 123, 130–131, 138 (and fn 31), 145, 165, 179–180, 187, 188 (fn 8), 212–213, 217, 221 (and fn 20), 225, 232 (and fn 22), 234 (and fn 29), 236, 242–244, 247, 248, 263, 268

Sui (minor state), 60, 62Sui (marquisate), 104, 263Sui (grand officer of the state of Qin),

see Xi QishuSun He (grand officer of the state of

Zheng), 219Sun Liangfu (grand officer of the state of

Wei), 151, 166, 169, 171Sun Linfu (grand officer of the state of

Wei, son of Sun Liangfu), 172, 178, 180, 188, 189, 191, 192, 199, 202, 209 (and fn 8), 210

Sun Mian (grand officer of the state of Wei), 149

surprise attack, 205, 231, 236 (and fn 2)

Ta (town, location unknown), 137 (and fn 22)

taboos, 21, 25, 29, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 65, 74, 81, 97, 98, 102, 106, 108, 115, 117, 153, 171, 189, 193, 198, 232, 269, 274 (and fn 2), see also disagreeable notions

Tai (town in the state of Lu), 197taking (easy military victory), 270, 274Tan I (minor state), 58Tan II (minor state), 148, 163 (fn 37),

172, 173, 192, 230Tan (town in the state of Song), 40, 185

(fn 43), see also Xucheng (town in the state of Song)

Tan (town in the state of Lu), 249 (fn 7)Tang (fishing village on the Ji River), 19Tang (town in the state of Lu), 12, 30Tao (town in the state of Cao), 93, 260Tao (town in the state of Lu), 69,

110, 201Taoqiu (town in the state of Wei), 37taxes, 162 (and fn 33), 274temples, 19–20, 30, 50, 66, 67, 76, 94,

100, 128, 136, 152, 162–163, 169, 171, 229, 248, 265, see

also Grand Temple, Great Temple, Chamber of the Generations

Teng (viscounty), 22, 25, 29, 53 (fn 17), 62, 107, 154, 156, 178, 187, 189, 198, 212, 214, 219, 237, 240

rulers (partial list):Duke Xuan (personal name Yingqi,

r. ?–641 BCE), 103Duke Zhao (personal name Yuan, r.

before 615–600 BCE), 135, 153Duke Wen (personal name Hong, r.

599–575 BCE), 181Duke Cheng (personal name Yuan,

alternate name Quan, r. 574–539 BCE), 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 215, 219, 220

Duke Dao (personal name Ning, r. 538–515 BCE), 220, 228, 241

Duke Qing (personal name Jie, r. 512–491 BCE), 250, 261, 264, 266, 267

Duke Yin (personal name Yumu, r. 490–484 BCE), 273

thieves, 255third brother of the Marquis of Cai, see

Cai ShuThird Brother of Xu (see Duke Mu of

Xu)Third Brother Zhai (grand officer of the

state of Zhou), 66 (and fn 10)Third Daughter (of Duke Hui of Lu,

younger sister of Duke Yin), 21 (and fn 10), 59, 72, 73

Third Daughter (of Duke Zhuang of Lu, married to Qing of the state of Ju), 70

Third Daughter (of Duke Wen of Lu, married to Duke Huan of the earldom of Qi), 170 (and fn 24), 173–174 (and fn 42)

Three-Army system, 195–196 (and fn 38), 221 (fn 17), see also Army of the Center, Three Ministers

Three Dukes, 20, 36, 177Three-from-Afar sacrifice, 118, 148, 172Three Huans, 196 (fn 38), 221 (fn 17),

237 (fn 10)Three Ministers, 221

I n d e x 303

Tong Shuye, 195 (fn 36)traps, 224, 230tribesmen, 5, 22, 43, 58, 105, 120,

161, 213, 220, 226, 236, 251, 274–275, see also Di, Rong, Jing, Huai Yi, etc.

tribute, 130–131Tuanling (town in the state of Lu), 240Tuogu (town in the state of Wu), 274turmoil, 87, 234, 239 (and fn 16)twin watchtowers, 238, 248–249

(and fn 4)

unicorns, 275–276usurpation, 8–9, 16, 53, 57, 75, 115,

134 (fn 7), 156 (and fn 4), 157 (fn 11), 183 (fn 33), 188 (fn 5), 199 (and fn 10), 208 (fn 4), 209 (fn 9), 213, 214 (fn 35), 227–228 (and fn 5), 234 (and fn 29), 240, 243 (fn 32), 267–268 (and fn 23)

vassal states, 58, 181 (fn 17), 228–229 (and fns 8, 9, 11)

Viscount of Liu I (grand officer of the state of Zhou, a.k.a. Duke Xian of Liu), 228

Viscount of Liu II (grand officer of the state of Zhou, a.k.a. Duke Wen of Liu, personal name Juan), 234 (and fns 27, 29), 249, 250 (and fns 10, 11)

Viscount of Shan I (grand officer of the state of Zhou, a.k.a. Duke Xiang of Shan), 183, 184, 189

Viscount of Shan II (grand officer of the state of Zhou, a.k.a. Duke Mu of Shan), 234 (and fns 27, 29)

Viscount of Su (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 133

Viscount of Yin (grand officer of the state of Zhou), 182, 183

Wa (town in the state of Wei), 254Wan, see Nangong WanWang Zhazi (grand officer of the state

of Zhou), 161 (and fn 31)Warring States period (475–221

BCE), 2Wawu (town in the state of Zhou), 23

weddings, 3, 12–13, 21, 30 (fn 17), 31, 36–37, 48, 49, 50, 59, 64, 65–66, 69, 70, 94, 95, 99 (and fn 22), 100 (and fn 27), 109–110, 119, 125–126, 127, 134–135 (and fn 11), 145–146, 149, 173, 174 (and fn 47), 178, 179, 190–191, 199, 242–243 (and fn 32)

Wei (marquisate), 13, 16, 17 (and fn 32), 19, 23, 25, 32, 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 50, 53, 54, 62, 71, 79, 89, 96, 98, 102, 103, 104, 106, 110, 112, 114, 119, 124, 126, 131, 137, 142, 146, 147, 156, 159 (and fn 23), 166, 167–168, 178, 192, 193, 198, 205, 208 (and fn 4), 210, 214, 222, 231, 254 (and fn 3), 255, 257, 264 (and fns 4, 8), 267, 269, 271, 275; destruction and re-founding of, 84–85

rulers: Duke Zhuang (personal name Yang, r. 757–735 BCE), 16 (and fn 24), 17 (fn 32)

Duke Huan (personal name Wan, r. 734–719), 16 (and fn 24), 17 (fn 30), 19

Duke Xuan (personal name Jin, r. 718–700 BCE), 17 (and fn 30), 23, 30, 37–38 (and fn 11), 40, 41

Duke Hui (personal name Shuo, r. 699–696, 688–669 BCE), 41, 43–44, 53, 54, 61, 62, 68

Duke Wen (personal name Hui, r. 659–635 BCE), 87, 90, 91, 93, 95, 98, 99, 101, 107, 109, 110

Duke Cheng (personal name Zheng, r. 634–600 BCE), 110, 113 (and fn 26), 114, 115, 116–117 (and fns, 41–43), 127, 137, 138, 151, 153, 154

Shuwu (personal name of the younger brother of Duke Cheng, r. 632), 113 (and fn 27), 115, 116, 117 (fn 43)

Prince Xia (r. 631), 116 (and fn 41)Duke Mu (personal name Chi,

alternate name Su, r. 599–589 BCE), 159 (fn 23), 163, 168

I n d e x304

Wei (marquisate)—continuedDuke Ding (personal name Zang, r.

588–577 BCE), 163, 168, 169, 170, 172, 174, 175 (and fn 52), 178, 179

Duke Xian (personal name Kan, r. 576–559, 546–544 BCE), 180, 181, 183, 184, 185, 188 (and fn 5), 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 199 (and fn 10), 208 (and fns 4, 7), 209, 210, 211, 213

Duke Shang (personal name Qiu, alternate name Piao, a.k.a. Gongsun Piao, r. 558–547 BCE), 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208 (and fns 4, 7), 209 (and fn 9), 210

Duke Xiang (personal name E, r. 543–535 BCE), 222

Duke Ling (personal name Yuan, r. 534–493 BCE), 228, 232, 249, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 263, 264, 265

Duke Chu (personal name Zhe, r. 492–480 BCE), 265, 274

Duke Zhuang (personal name Kuaikui, r. 480–478 BCE), 260, 264, 265

Wei (town in the state of Lu), 72Wei (town in the state of Zheng), 192,

193Wei Duo, see Wei ManduoWei Manduo (grand officer of the state

of Jin), 269, 275Wei Pi (grand officer of the state of

Chu), 213, 222Wei Zhouxu, see Prince ZhouxuWen (minor state), 96, 114 (and fn 32)Wen Jiang, 31 (and fn 19), 45 (and fn

45), 47–48, 50, 51, 52, 54, 61, 64, 65

Wen River, 83, 168, 169, 172Wenyang (town in the state of Qi), 61West Zhou, see Royal CityWhite Di (tribesmen), 152, 174, 201,

226 (fn 46), see also Xian Yuwidow (of Duke Wu of Zhu Lou,

daughter of Dame Ying, remarried to Shu Shu of Zhu Lou), 243–244

wife (née Yi, consort of Duke Cheng of Lu), see Ding Yi

wives, 8, 12, 29, 31, 67, 67, 109–110, 119, 127, 145–146, 179, 214, 225 (and fn 36), 251, 261 (and fn 37)

women, 5, 12, 60, 67 (fn 20), 70 (fn 33), 85, 175 (fn 53), 214, 243 (see also wives, concubines, maids, daughters, brides, mothers, sisters, royal princesses)

worthiness, 8, 28, 29, 38, 50, 51–52, 59–60, 68, 77, 96, 101, 102, 115, 135, 212–213, 214, 232, 242–244

worthlessness, 3, 29 (see also despicableness)

Wu (heir apparent of the state of Zeng), 190–191

Wu (kingdom), 4–5, 164 (and fn 41), 172, 180, 189, 191, 195 (and fn 36), 198, 199, 206, 212, 213, 219, 220, 221, 222, 229, 231, 235–236 (and fns 2–4, 6), 237, 240, 249, 251, 252, 260, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271, 273, 274–275 (and fn 2)

rulers:King Shoumeng (personal name

Cheng, r. 585–561 BCE), 197King Zhufan (personal name E,

alternate name Ye, r. 560–548 BCE), 208 (and fn 6), 211 (fn 20), 212

King Yuji (personal name Yuji, r. 547–544 BCE), 211–212 (and fn 20)

King Yumei (personal name Yumei, alternate name Yimei, r. 543–527 BCE), 212 (and fns 23, 24, 26), 229

King Liao (personal name Liao, r. 526–515 BCE), 212–213 (and fns 26–28), 240

King Helu (personal name Guang, r. 514–496 BCE), 212–213 (and fn 27), 250–251, 260

King Fuchai (personal name Fuchai, r. 495–473 BCE), 274–275

Wu (town in the state of Ji), 49

I n d e x 305

Wu (town in the state of Lu), 129Wu Lei (subject of the state of Lu), 75Wu Zixu (native of Chu, later grand

officer of the state of Wu), 250–251 (and fn 13)

Wucao (town, location unknown), 38Wucheng (town in the state of Lu), 203Wufu (town in the state of Zheng) 40Wuhai, see Zhan WuhaiWushi (town in the state of Lu), 256Wuzhi (grand officer of the state of Qi), 9

Xi (town in the state of Ji), 50, 59Xi (town in the state of Lu), 44Xi (town in the state of Qi), 110Xi (town in the state of Zheng), 194Xi Ke (grand officer of the state of Jin),

166–168 (and fn 5), 169, 171 (fn 33)

Xi Qi (grand officer of the state of Jin), 178, 184 (and fn 38)

Xi Qishu (grand officer of the state of Qin), 135 (and fns 12, 14)

Xi Que (grand officer of the state of Jin), 134, 138 (and fn 29), 140 (and fn 36), 154, 166 (fn 5)

Xi Yuan (grand officer of the state of Chu), 240

Xi Zhi (grand officer of the state of Jin), 184 (and fn 38)

Xi Zhou (grand officer of the state of Jin), 177, 183, 184 (and fn 38)

Xia (a.k.a. the Central States), 181Xia (grand officer of the state of Lu), 24Xia Ji (daughter of Duke Mu of Zheng,

mother of Xia Zhengshu), 154 (fn 45), 156 (fn 4), 157 (fn 11)

Xia Nie (grand officer of the state of Chen), 235–236

Xia Oufu (grand officer of the state of Chen), 275

Xia Zhengshu (grand officer of the state of Chen, short-lived ruler), 156 (and fn 4), 157 (and fn 11), 158 (fn 13)

Xiafu, see under Zhu LouXian (minor state), 90Xian (town in the state of Wei), 98, 254Xian Du (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 131 (and fn 39)

Xian Gao (merchant of the state of Zheng), 120

Xian Hu (grand officer of the state of Jin), 159 (and fn 22)

Xian Mie (grand officer of the state of Jin), 129, 130 (fn 35)

Xian Yu (sub-group of White Di tribesmen), 226, 230, 250, 252, 267

Xian Zhen (grand officer of the state of Jin), 120–121 (and fn 62)

Xianqiu (town in the state of Zhu Lou, a.k.a. Xian), 35, 134 (and fn 5)

Xiang I (minor state, subsequently a disputed town), 11, 43, 110, 148–149, 203

Xiang II (minor state), 102Xiang (town in the state of Wu), 198Xiang Chao (grand officer of the state of

Song), 268, 274Xiang Ning (grand officer of the state of

Song), 233Xiang Xu (grand officer of the state of

Song), 199, 217Xiao (minor state), 117 (and fn 45),

159, 258, 260Xiao (town in the state of Lu), 260Xiao Daxin, see Xiao ShuXiao Shu (grand officer of the state of

Song), 66 (and fn 13)Xiaogu (town, possibly in the state of

Qi), 74 (and fn 10)Xiaoyu (town in the state of

Zheng), 196Xiayang (town in the state of Guo),

85–86Xie Ye (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 154 (and fn 45)Xincheng (town in the state of Song),

138Xincheng (town in the state of Wei), 91Xing (minor state), 76, 77, 81, 101,

103, 104, 109 (and fn 9)Xingqiu (town in the state of

Jin), 193Xintian (capital of the state of Jin), 189

(fn 14)Xinzhu (town in the state of Wei), 166Xiqiu (town in the state of Qi), 141

I n d e x306

Xu (barony), 25, 27–28, 42 (and fn 31), 72, 89, 91, 116, 121, 131, 169, 174, 178, 181 (and fn 17), 190, 200, 210, 214, 217, 223, 231, 235–236, 250; destruction of, 253; reconstitution of, 263 (fn 1)

rulers:Duke Mu (personal name Xinchen,

r. 697–656 BCE), 42 (and fn 31), 62, 87, 89

Duke Xi (personal name Ye, r. 655–622 BCE), 90, 93, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101, 105, 107, 111, 127, 128

Duke Zhao (personal name Xiwo, r. 621–592 BCE), 138, 163

Duke Ling (personal name Ning, r. 591–547 BCE), 206, 209

Duke Dao (personal name Mai, r. 546–523 BCE), 220, 221, 231 (and fn 18)

Si (personal name of untitled ruler, r. 522–504 BCE), 249, 253

Duke Yuan (personal name Cheng, r. 503–482 BCE), 263, 274, 275

Xu (son of Shu Shu of Zhu Lou), 243–244

Xu (viscounty), 69, 87, 98, 99, 100, 101, 129, 220, 221, 226, 230, 242

rulers (partial list): Zhangyu (personal name of ruler, r. ?–512 BCE), 242

Xu Jiafu (grand officer of the state of Jin), 146 (and fn 4)

Xu Qu (minor state), 107 (see also Xuqu)

Xu Tong (grand officer of the state of Jin), 184–185 (and fns 38, 40)

Xuan Da (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 261, 264, 274

Xuan Hu (grand officer of the state of Zheng), 217, 225

Xucheng (town in the state of Song), 185 (and fn 43), see also Tan (town in the state of Song)

Xue (earldom), 25, 73, 168, 187, 189, 198, 212, 214, 237, 245

rulers (partial list):Duke Xian (personal name Gu, r.

578–511 BCE), 191, 194, 195,

196, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 228, 242

Duke Xiang (personal name Ding, r. 510–498 BCE), 250, 258

Bi (personal name of short-lived ruler, r. 497–496 BCE), 259

Duke Hui (personal name Yi, alternate name Yin, r. 495–482 BCE), 271

Xue (town in the state of Lu), 74Xue Ke, 5, 21 (fn 8), 24 (fn 22), 29 (fn

6), 38 (fn 11), 43 (fn 33), 45 (fn 47), 48 (fn 3), 49 (fn 7), 50 (fns 10, 12), 60 (fn 23), 62 (fn 30), 66 (fn 13), 84 (fn 16), 88 (fn 34), 91 (fn 50), 93 (fn 1), 94 (fns 2, 4), 95 (fn 6), 96 (fn 13), 97 (fn 15), 100 (fns 28, 29, 31), 101 (fn 37), 102 (fn 38), 103 (fns 45, 47, 48), 104 (fns 52–54), 105 (fn 57), 126 (fn 16), 129 (fn 29), 134 (fn 6), 137 (fns 21, 22), 138 (fn 29), 149 (fn 23), 153 (fns 40, 43), 154 (fn 45), 156 (fns 3, 6, 7), 157 (fn 11), 161 (fn 31), 163 (fn 37), 165–166 (fn 2), 171 (fn 33), 173 (fn 40), 181 (fn 17), 182 (fn 24), 183 (fn 34), 188 (fn 3), 193 (fn 28), 198 (fn 5), 202 (fn 23), 205 (fn 35), 207 (fn 1), 208 (fn 4), 209 (fn 8), 210 (fn 16), 213 (fn 30), 220 (fn 15), 221 (fn 20), 225 (fn 41), 228 (fn 8), 236 (fn 4), 239 (fn 17), 240 (fn 24), 241 (fn 26), 244–245 (fn 38), 248 (fn 4), 249 (fns 5, 6), 252 (fn 19), 253–254 (fn 1), 255 (fn 8), 256 (fn 9), 257 (fn 13), 261 (fn 37), 264 (fn 6), 267 (fn 19)

Xun Geng (grand officer of the state of Jin), 169, (and fn 20)

Xun Li (grand officer of the state of Jin), 242

Xun Linfu (grand officer of the state of Jin), 153, 158–159, 169 (fn 20)

Xun Shu, see Xun XiXun Wu (grand officer of the state of Jin,

son of Xun Yan), 209 (and fn 10), 218, 230

I n d e x 307

Xun Xi (grand officer of the state of Jin), 28 (fn 5), 59, 96

Xun Xiu (grand officer of the state of Jin), 170

Xun Yan (grand officer of the state of Jin), 198, 200

Xun Yin (grand officer of the state of Jin), 259

Xun Ying (grand officer of the state of Jin), 184, 188, 189, 190, 212

Xunzi, 135 (fn 14)Xuqu (formerly the independent state

spelled as Xu Qu, town disputed by Lu and Zhu Lou), 128–129

Xutian (territory in the state of Zhou), 27–28

Yan (earldom), 40, 41, 213, 222 (and fn 21), 226

rulers (partial list): Duke Jian (personal name Kuan, r. ?–?), 220, 226 (fn 42)

Yan (town in the state of Qi), 102Yan (town in state of Zheng) 8–9, see

also YanlingYan (town on border of Zheng and

Song), 274Yan of Zhu Lou, see Duke Wu of Zhu

LouYan Stables, 72Yan Yuan (disciple of Confucius), 276Yang (minor state), 77 (and fn 24)Yang (town in the state of [Bei] Yan),

226 (fn 42)Yang Chufu (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 124, 126, 128Yang Hu (steward of the Ji family in the

state of Lu), 255–256 (and fns 9–11)

Yang Palace, see templesYang Yue (cousin of Yang Hu), 256Yanggu (town in the state of Qi), 87,

97, 141Yangsheng (a.k.a. Duke Dao of Qi), see

under QiYangzhou (town in the state of Qi), 237

(and fn 11)Yanling (town in the state of Wu), 213Yanling (town in the state of Zheng,

a.k.a. Yan), 181 (and fns 18, 21)

Yanshi (heir apparent of the state of Chen), 217, 222

Yao (mountain, location unknown), 120, 135 (fn 14)

Yao, Shun, and Yu (sage kings), 162 (fn 33), 234 (fn 29), 276 (and fns 11, 13, 14)

Ye (new capital of the barony of Xu), 181 (and fn 17)

Yejing (town in the state of Qi), 237–239 (and fn 12)

Yellow River, 99, 118, 136, 170, 210, 219, 226, 229, 233, 236, 249, 251

Yi (group of Rong tribesmen), 130Yi (new capital of the barony of Xu), 223Yi (town in the state of Qi), 82–83Yi (town in the state of Zhu Lou), 156

(fn 7)Yi (tribesmen in general), 180Yi Bo (underling of the Ji family in the

state of Lu), 100Yi River, 264Yi Xingfu (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 154 (fn 45), 157 (and fns 11, 12)

Yin family (grand officers of the state of Zhou), 236 (and fn 7), 240

Ying (town in the marquisate of Qi), 30Ying (town in the state of Zhu Lou), 83Ying Shi (minor state), 101Yinzhu (district of the capital of the state

of Qi), 233Yishen, see Dou YishenYiya (cook and sorcerer of the state of

Qi), 103Yong (minor state), 141Yongyu (town in the state of Jin), 205You (heir apparent of Marquis Ling of

Cai), 225 (and fn 41)You (town in the state of Song), 62, 70You Ji (grand officer of the state of

Zheng), 237You Su (grand officer of the state of

Zheng), 253, 257Youngest Brother of Cai, see Duke Ai

of CaiYoungest Daughter (of Duke Zhuang or

Duke Xi of Lu), 99 (and fn 22), 100 (and fn 27), 101

I n d e x308

Youngest Daughter (of the Marquis of Ji), see Queen

Youngest Prince (of the state of Ji), 50, 59 (and fn 17)

Youngest Prince (of the state of Lu), see Prince You

Youngest Prince (son of King Kuang and younger brother of King Ding of Zhou?), 156 (and fn 6)

Yongqiu (town in the state of Song), 270Yu I (minor state), 85–86, 90Yu II (minor state), 231Yu (town in the state of Lu), 199Yu (town in the state of Song), 105

(fn 57)Yu (younger brother of Duke Li of

Zheng), 41Yu Shi (nobleman of the state of Song),

180, 185, 187Yu-Yue, see YueYu Zhengshi (grand officer of the state

of Chen), 223Yuan (minor official of the state of

Zheng), 23Yuan Pi (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 273Yuan Qiao (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 189–190Yuan Taotu (grand officer of the state of

Chen), 88–89, 92 (fn 50)Yuan Xuan (grand officer of the state of

Wei), 114, 115–116, 116–117 (and fns 41, 44)

Yuan Zhong (grand officer of the state of Chen), 70

Yuanling (new capital of the earldom of Qi), 98

Yuanlou (town in the state of Qi), 166–168

Yue (kingdom), 4–5, 221, 223, 252 (and fn 19), 260, 275

Yue (town in the state of Wei), 28Yue Kun (grand officer of the state of

Song), 265Yue Qili (grand officer of the state of

Song), 240, 253Yue Shixin (grand officer of the state of

Song), 237, 257, 258Yuezheng Zichun (paragon of filial

piety), 232 (and fn 19)

Yun (town in the state of Wu), 274Yun, East (town in the state of Lu), 136,

174 (and fn 50), 197, 218, 219, 241 (fn 26), 253–254 (and fn 1)

Yun, West (town in the state of Lu), 170, 239 (and fn 17), 240, 240, 241 (and fn 26), 253–254 (and fn 1), 257 (and fn 13)

Yuqiu (town in the state of Zhu Lou), 49

Zai (minor state), 25, 30 (fn 12)Zai Xuan (grand officer of the state of

Zhou), 9–10Zang (surname of wet nurse of Duke

Xiao of Lu), 243Zang Wenzhong, see Zangsun ChenZangxuan Shu, see Zangsun XuZangsun Chen (grand officer of the state

of Lu), 72 (and fn 2), 133Zangsun He (grand officer of the state of

Lu), 205Zangsun Xu (grand officer of the state

of Lu), 165 (and fn 1), 166–167, 169, 179 (and fn 10)

Zeng (minor state), 99, 100, 103, 164, 168, 190–191 (and fns 18, 20), 192 (and fn 23), 220

Zeng (town in the state of Zheng), 188 (fn 3), 169 (fn 25)

Zha, see Prince JizhaZha (town in the state of Wu), 195, 267Zhai Zu, see Second Brother ZhaiZhan (subject of the state of Zheng), 62

(and fn 30)Zhan Wuhai (grand officer of the state of

Lu), 11, 24Zhang (town in the state of Ji), 73Zhao Chuan (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 147 (and fn 14), 149, 151Zhao Dun (grand officer of the state of

Jin), 130, 138 (and fn 29), 147 (and fn 14), 149–151

Zhao Gua (grand officer of the state of Jin), 173 (and fn 40)

Zhao Tong (grand officer of the state of Jin), 173 (and fn 40)

Zhao Wu (grand officer of the state of Cai), 229

Zhao Wu (grand officer of the state of Jin), 210, 217

I n d e x 309

Zhao Yang (grand officer of the state of Jin), 237, 255, 257, 259 (and fn 28), 264, 267, 270

Zhao Yang (grand officer of the state of Wei), 259 (and fn 28)

Zhaoge (town in the state of Wei), 259 (and fn 27)

Zhaoqiu (town in the state of Jin), 182Zhe (older brother of Duke Ling of

Wei), 232–233Zhe (town, possibly in the state of

Song), 39Zhen (grand officer of the state of Qin,

younger brother of Duke Jing of Qin), 218

Zhen Yijiu (grand officer of the state of Chen), 206

Zheng (earldom), 8–9, 13, 15, 16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 32, 38, 40, 42, 43, 62, 72, 79, 83, 86, 87, 89, 91, 99, 104, 107, 109, 117, 120, 121, 125, 126, 131, 142, 147, 148, 149, 154, 156, 158–159, 160, 168, 169, 171 (and fn 33), 172, 174, 175, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 187, 188, 189, 193, 194, 195 (and fn 37), 196, 201, 203, 206, 209, 214, 223, 229, 231, 251, 253, 254 (fn 3), 255, 258, 260, 264 (and fn 4), 269, 270, 273, 274

rulers: Duke Zhuang (personal name Wusheng, r. 743–701 BCE), 15, 17 (fn 29), 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 38 (and fn 15); and younger brother Duan, 8–9, 89 (fn 41)

Duke Zhao (personal name Hu, r. 701, 696–695 BCE), 39 (and fn 16), 42, 43 (and fn 33)

Duke Li (personal name Tu, r. 700–697, 679–673 BCE), 39 (and fn 16), 40–41 (and fn 25), 42, 43 (and fn 33), 61, 62, 65

Ying (personal name of untitled ruler, r. 693–680 BCE), 51

Duke Wen (personal name Jie, r. 672–628 BCE), 62 (fn 30), 70, 79, 83, 87, 90, 91 (fn 50), 93,

95, 98, 99, 101, 105, 111, 113, 114, 119

Duke Mu (personal name Lan, r. 627–606 BCE), 125, 137, 138, 148, 156 (fn 4)

Duke Ling (personal name Yi, r. 605 BCE), 149

Duke Xiang (personal name Jian, r. 604–587 BCE), 151, 153, 157, 158–159 (and fn 23), 169, 170

Duke Dao (personal name Fei, r. 586–585 BCE), 170, 171 (and fn 32)

Duke Cheng (personal name Gun, r. 584–581, 581–571 BCE), 174, 178, 180, 181, 185, 188 (and fn 8)

Xu (personal name of short-term ruler, 581 BCE)

Duke Xi (personal name Yun, alternate name Kunyuan, r. 581, 570–566 BCE), 188 (fn 8), 189, 190, 191, 192–193 (and fns 28, 29)

Duke Jian (personal name Jia, r. 565–530 BCE), 193, 196, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 220, 226

Duke Ding (personal name Ning, r. 529–514 BCE), 228, 241

Duke Xian (personal name Dun, alternate name Chai, r. 513–501 BCE), 249, 254, 255, 256

Zheng Gate, 78Zhi (heir apparent of Duke Dao of Xu),

231–232 (and fn 18)Zhi (misprint, referring to town in the

state of Lu), 249 (and fn 7)Zhong Ji (grand officer of the state of

Song), 245, 247–248Zhong Tuo (grand officer of the state of

Song), 257, 258Zhong Yingqi, see Gongsun YingqiZhongli (town in the state of Wu), 180Zhongqiu (town in the state of Lu),

22, 24Zhongqiu (town in the state of Qi), 207Zhongsun (subject of the state of Qi,

assumed to be Prince Qingfu), 77 (and fns 22, 23)

I n d e x310

Zhongsun Heji (grand officer of the state of Lu), 245, 249, 253, 255, 257, 258, 263, 264, 266, 268

Zhongsun Ji, see Zhongsun HejiZhongsun Jie (grand officer of the state

of Lu), 206, 211, 212, 213, 215Zhongsun Jue (grand officer of the state

of Lu, son of Zhongsun Mie), 224, 225, 236

Zhongsun Mie (grand officer of the state of Lu), 153 (and fn 39), 162, 170, 171, 185, 187, 188, 189, 191, 202

Zhongsun Qiu, see ZhongsunZhongsun Su (grand officer of the state

of Lu), 203, 205Zhongwu (deity), 17Zhongxing Yan (grand officer of the

state of Jin), 185 (fn 40)Zhongzi (wife of Duke Hui, mother of

Duke Huan of Lu), 9–10, 19–20Zhou (kingdom), 4, 10, 17 (fn 32), 22,

23, 24, 27, 32, 37 (fn 10), 61 (fn 25), 93, 116, 134 (fn 7), 147, 151, 163, 165–166 (and fn 2), 177–178, 180–181, 195 (fn 36), 214, 221 (fn 20), 234, 235, 236 (fns 2, 3, 5, 6), 244, 266 (and fn 16), 274 (fn 2)

rulers: King Wen (personal name Chang, c. 1152–1056 BCE), 7, 108, 120, 131

King Yi (personal name Xie, r. 9th cen. BCE), 51

King Xuan (personal name Jing, r. 827–782 BCE), 162–163 (and fn 36), 243 (fn 32)

King Ping (personal name Yijiu, r. 770–720 BCE), 9, 13, 14 (fn 15)

King Huan (personal name Lin, r. 719–697 BCE), 22, 24, 32, 36, 42, 50, 134 (fn 7)

King Zhuang (personal name Tuo, r. 696–682 BCE), 48, 53

King Hui (personal name Lang, r. 676–652 BCE), 90, 93, 95, 109 (fn 8)

King Xiang (personal name Zheng, r. 651–619 BCE), 90, 109 (and fn 8), 113–114 (and fn 34), 117, 123, 127, 129

King Qing (personal name Renchen, r. 618–613 BCE), 130–131

King Kuang (personal name Ban, r. 612–607), 147, 156 (fn 6), 161 (fn 31)

King Ding (personal name Yu, r. 606–586), 156 (and fn 6), 161 (fn 31), 170, 173 (fn 41)

King Jian (personal name Yi, r. 585–572 BCE), 173 (and fn 41), 188

King Ling (personal name Xiexin, r. 571–545 BCE), 211

King Jing (personal name Gui, r. 544–521 BCE), 214, 233 (and fn 29)

King Dao (personal name Meng, r. 520 BCE), 234 (and fns 27, 29), 240 (fn 22)

Prince Zhao (a.k.a. the Western King, r. 520–516 BCE), 236 (and fn 7), 240 (and fn 22)

King Jing (personal name Gai, r. 519–476 BCE), 236, 240 (and fn 22), 260

Zhou (minor state) 33Zhou Fengwu, 5 (see also Xue Ke)Zhou Lai (minor state, later capital of

the state of Cai), 172, 229, 264Zhou period, Eastern (770–221 BCE),

1, 4Zhouxu, see Prince ZhouxuZhu (town in the state of Lu), 72, 136Zhu Lou (viscounty), 8, 20, 22, 35, 36,

43, 44, 49 (and fn 7), 60, 62, 72, 78, 83, 102, 103, 105, 107, 121, 128–129, 137, 138, 153 (and fn 40), 156 (and fn 7), 164, 168, 171, 173, 178, 180, 181, 183, 184, 187, 188, 189, 192, 193, 198 (and fn 5), 199, 200, 201, 202 (and fn 23), 203, 204, 205 (and fn 35), 212, 214, 231, 237, 240, 242–245 (and fns 29, 38, 39), 245, 263, 264, 266, 267 (and fn 19), 268, 269, 270

rulers: Duke Wu (personal name Yifu, alternate name Yan, r. ?–796 BCE), 242–243 (fns 30–34)

I n d e x 311

Shu Shu (personal name of ruler, r. 795–781 BCE), 242–244 (and fns 30, 34–37)

Xiafu (personal name of ruler, r. 780–? BCE), 243–244

Duke An (personal name Yifu, alternate name Cao Ke, r. ?–678 BCE), 8, 44, 62

Duke Xian (personal name Suo, r. 677–666 BCE), 72

Duke Wen (personal name Quchu, r. 665–615), 114, 136, 138 (fns 28, 30, 31)

Duke Ding (personal name Jueju, r. 614–573 BCE), 138 (and fn 30), 147, 163, 170, 171, 172, 184

Duke Xuan (personal name Keng, alternate name Xian, r. 572–556 BCE), 185, 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196, 200 (and fn 18), 201

Duke Dao (personal name Hua, r. 555–541 BCE), 201, 202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 211, 218, 219

Duke Zhuang (personal name Chuan, r. 540–507 BCE), 225, 228, 240, 249

Duke Yin (personal name Yi, r. 506–487, 473–471 BCE), 249, 260, 261, 264, 269, 270

Zhu River, 57Zhuan (town in the state of Zhu Lou),

171Zhuke (town in the state of Qi), 201Zhuqiu (town in the state of Lu), 32, 51Zi (town in the state of Ji), 49Zi (town in the state of Lu), 221Zi (town in the state of Lu), 59Zijia Ju (grand officer of the state of

Lu, a.k.a. Zijia Ji and Zijia Yibo, grandson of Gongsun Guifu), 237–238 (and fn 13), 247 (fn 4)

Zishu Heibei (grand officer of the state of Wei, younger brother of Duke Ding of Wei), 175 (and fn 52)

Zhiji (town, location unknown), 260Zuo Commentary, The, 1, 21 (fn 8),

24 (fn 22), 94 (fn 3), 105 (fn 57), 112 (fn 22), 120 (fn 59), 138 (fn 29), 156 (fns 3, 7), 163 (fn 37), 171 (fn 33), 183 (fn 34), 198 (fn 5), 204 (fn 33), 243 (fn 32)