Full Name : Republic of India Bharat, Hindustan among locals

Form of Government : Democracy (Federal form of Government)

Capital City : New Delhi

Currency : Indian Rupee

National Flag :

BASIC FACTSBASIC FACTS

Total Area : Seventh largest country in the

world: 3,287,240km2

Population : Second largest population:

1,198,003,000 Indo Aryan 72% , Dravidian 25% ,

Mongoloid and other 3% Culturally, linguistically and

genetically diverse geographical entity after the African continent

Climate : Summers (April - October) Winters (November - March) Monsoons (July - September)

1. Independence1. Independence

2. Wars between Pakistan 2. Wars between Pakistan

3. India – Goa3. India – Goa

4. Guest Reception in Ancient India4. Guest Reception in Ancient India

BASIC BASIC HISTORYHISTORY

1. Independence1. IndependenceHistoryHistory of India Independence of India Independence

Aug 12 1947gained independence from the British separated a state, Pakistan

Difficulties after independence: Religious violence Terrorism Casteism (believer of peace) Naxalism (believer of violence)

Jan 26 1950 Became a republic

20th century Led a non-violent civil disobedience (Indian National Congress & other political organizations )

LANGUAGE LANGUAGE – – English in IndiaEnglish in India

Under colony of British,Under colony of British,English Medium of instruction and

administration Widely used in India national affairs

Speaking EnglishSpeaking English Reduce cultural shock Improve the

understanding and communication with western tourists

Hospitality industries: serve English-speaking

guests properly improve the satisfaction

of the guests

Impact Impact on Cultureon Culture Impact Impact on Hospitalityon Hospitality

2. Wars between Pakistan2. Wars between Pakistan

1947-1948

1965

Dec. 6 1971

Fighting over Kashmir from Pakistan: control of third of Kashmir India: control of Kashmir valley & Jammu

Fighting over Kashmir UN ceasefire no territorial changes

Bangladesh Liberation War Bangladesh and Indian Victory Pakistan surrendered and East Pakistan

Became Bangladesh West Pakistan

Became the border between India and Pakistan

HistoryHistory of War between Pakistan of War between Pakistan

Impact Impact on Cultureon Culture

After three dreadful wars:After three dreadful wars:Far more than “remote”Naxalism (believers of violence)Casteism (believers of peace)

Violence in India Violence in India Pakistan and India Cultural bias Ethnocentrism upon one anotherContinuous violent terrorist attacks

Impact Impact on Hospitalityon Hospitality

Pakistan:Pakistan: Neighboring country Few people visiting India Hospitality industries in the states where near Pakistan can’t benefited from influx of Pakistani tourists

3. India – Goa3. India – Goa

Alfonso-de-Albuquerque made the first conquest

By 1543, able to extend their control over Salcette, Mormugao and Bardez, thus ending their first phase of expansion into Goa

After driven away, Portuguese culture stayed for 450 years

HistoryHistory of Portuguese in Goa of Portuguese in Goa

GoaGoa Influence of Portuguese culture Historic city of Margao

places of worship and heritage architecture Attracting international and local tourists

Popular in summer and winter Tourism: primary industry Hospitality industries

now flourishing because of

the well-developed tourism industry

originated from Portuguese culture

Impact Impact on Culture and Hospitalityon Culture and Hospitality

4. Guest Reception in Ancient India4. Guest Reception in Ancient India

Normal guestsNormal guests Important guestsImportant guests

Hospitality cultureHospitality culture

Water A seat Food

Food:a superior quality carefully prepared

Cup of water:with flowers and grasses

Mixture of honey and curds

Seat:mighty, polished, golden, great

Hindi Hindi (the official language) started to be used in writing during the 4th century AD about 487 million speakers

Other 17 major languages recognized by the Constitution and 844 Dialects.

LANGUAGELANGUAGE

Hindu - 80%Hindu - 80% Muslim - 14% Muslim - 14% Christian - 2.4%Christian - 2.4% Sikh - 2%Sikh - 2% Buddhist - 0.7% Buddhist - 0.7% Jain - 0.5% Jain - 0.5% Zoroastrian and others - 0.4%Zoroastrian and others - 0.4%

RELIGLIONSRELIGLIONS

Ancient religions in the worldColorful religion Henotheistic:

Recognize a single deityRecognizes other gods and goddesses

HinduismHinduism

1. dharma: Righteousness in their religious life the most important of the three

2. artha: Success in their economic life; material prosperity

3. kama: Gratification of the senses; pleasure; sensual,

sexual, and mental enjoyment. 4. moksa:

Liberation from "samsara." This is considered the supreme goal of mankind

HinduismHinduism

Do not eat beef Do not destroy or injure anything (non-violence) Do not lie (be truthful) Do not steal Do not be envious (Continence) Do not be greedy

Law and Taboos in

HinduismsHinduisms:

Must not Cut body hair Eat Kosher meat Smoke, drugs, or intoxicants Have faith in black magic, superstitions, charms and

rituals Men

always wear Katchera and turban Women

may or may not tie turban

Law and Taboos in

IskhismsIskhisms:

1. RELIGIONS TOURS1. RELIGIONS TOURSIndia:India: many religionsmany religions

greatest religious tour destination.visit temples and religious monumentsprovided enough tourists as customers to

support the running of hospitality industrylive in hotels and eat at restaurants

ImpactImpact of Religion on Hospitality

2. Religious restrictions affect F&B2. Religious restrictions affect F&B Indian people:

own religious belief religious restrictions in food and drinks

affect food and beverage industry F&B industry:

Accommodate themselves to fit the needs of different religions

Hinduisms – Do not eat beef

Muslims – eat halal food only and don’t drink alcohol

Buddhists – eat vegetables only

Sikhs – don’t eat halal food and some sects of Sikhs are vegetarian

DIWALIDIWALI HOLIHOLI ONMAONMA

FESTIVALSFESTIVALS

DIWALIDIWALI (Rows of Lights)(Rows of Lights)

Five-day festival Celebration of victory of good over evil and the glory of light People prepare themselves by cleaning and decorating their premises Lamps are lit on the roofs and windowsills of the houses Offer prayers to the deity, then exchange gifts and bursting crackers

Festival of Colors a popular Hindu spring festival celebrated by people throwing colored

powder and colored water at each other

HOLIHOLI

Biggest festival in the South Indian Ten days Carnival Grand way celebration

Impress upon their dear King that they are happy and wish him well

ONAMONAM

1) Onasadya: the grand feast Nine course meal consisting of 11 to 13 essential

dishes To be served on banana leaves People sit on a mat laid on the floor to have the meal

4 Remarkable features:

2) Vallamkali: Snake Boat Race Held on the river Pampa Colorful sight decorated boat To be oared by hundreds of boatmen amidst chanting of songs Cheering by spectators

3) Onakalikal: a tradition to play games Men : go in for rigorous sports E.g. Talappanthukali (played with a ball), Ambeyyal (Archery).etc

4) Pookalam: intricately designed flower mats made by women In the front courtyard of the house to welcome King Mahabali Women: perform two graceful dances (Kaikotti kali and Thumbi

Thullal)

ImpactImpact of Festival on Hospitality

DIWALIDIWALILargest festival in India, long popular events for attracting inbound tourists to experience the Indian culture

HOLI HOLI Braj region (North India) : most celebrated Holi E.g. Krishna : Mathura, Vrindavan, Barsana, etc. Become tourist destinations

ONAMONAMSnake Boat Race

International tourist attraction

SOCIETYSOCIETY GREETINGGREETING CUISINE CUISINE WOMEN in INDIAWOMEN in INDIA DRESSINGDRESSING WEDDINGWEDDING

TRADITIONTRADITION

SOCIETYSOCIETY Caste systemCaste system

Power and wealth are not equally distributed

PatriarchyPatriarchy

Treats guests as godTreats guests as god Serves them and takes care of them

as if they are a part and parcel of the family itself.

Even though we don’t have anything to eat, the guests are never left hungry and are always looked after by the members of the family.

Respect for EldersRespect for Elders Driving force for any family An individual takes blessings from his elders

by touching their feet. Elders drill and pass on the Indian culture

Respect one anotherRespect one another All people are alike and respecting one

another is ones duty. E.g. Relation between the boss and the

employee Foreign countries a master and slave and is

purely monetary Indian culture like homely relations

Helpful nature Helpful nature Children are taught to help one another in

need of help and distress If not monetary then at least in kind or non-

monetary ways To multiply and distribute joy and happiness

and share sadness and pain

Country Power Distance Individualism Masculinity Uncertainty Avoidance Long Term OrientationWorld Average 56 40 51 65 48

India 77 48 56 40 61USA 40 91 62 46 29UK 35 89 66 35 25

Japan 54 46 95 92 80Germany 35 67 66 65 31

Arab World 80 38 52 68 Unknown

Source: G. Hofstede, Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work- Related Values

India on Hofstede’s Cultural DimensionsIndia on Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

Traditional Indian Families:Traditional Indian Families: All about love and patience Joint family system All members live under one roof Share the same kitchen Three generations living together Income and expenditure in a common pool

property held together A common place of worship

Modern Nuclear Families:Modern Nuclear Families:

ImpactImpact of Society on Hospitality

a) Socialites (Upper class)a) Socialites (Upper class) Very brand conscious prefer to go to well-known hotels spend a good amount on luxury goods Always looking for something different

Hotel :Hotel : Provide something special and unique or some exclusive product

1. Caste System1. Caste System

b) Conservatives (Middle-class and b) Conservatives (Middle-class and lower class)lower class) Prefer the traditional Indian culture Cautious in purchasing, focus more on savings than spending Spend more time with family than in parties Slow in decision making

seek a lot of information before making any purchase

Hotels:Hotels: Keep some traditional elements instead of modern new developlments Offer lower cost room rates Promote family package

2. 2. Treats guests as godTreats guests as god

++ Respect one anotherRespect one another

++Respect for EldersRespect for Elders

Hotel:Hotel: Good relationship between guest and staff in hotel Increase consumer’s satisfaction All ages care atmosphere

NamasteNamaste Greet each other (and say good-bye) Pressing the palms together (fingers

up) below the chin & nodding the head A slight bow

greeting superiors or to show respect

GREETINGGREETING

Shake handsShake hands Indian men

Meeting foreigners

XX Shake hands with or touch women

Indian women (are educated or familiar with international customs)

Offer their hands to foreigners as a courtesy

Meeting a woman: A man should wait for her to initiate a handshake, if

she does not, then he should just smile and nod slightly

Indians Won't Say "No" Indians Won't Say "No" Too unkind In the habit of shaking their head to say yes or no. Please

confirm what they mean, if you are not familiar. India’s don’t talk bad about their country and people

openly.

Name CallingName Calling To elderly:

Never address their first name, unless they allow you to. advisable you call them sir or madam

To youngsters: Choose to be informal

In school/ business aspect, Do use titles, "Professor" or "Doctor" Does not have a title, use "Mr", 'Mrs", or "Miss"

ImpactImpact of Greeting on Hospitality

Serving Indian guestServing Indian guest Elders:

Best to greet with a “Namaste” Call them sir or madam instead of first name

Avoid saying "no" Replace other non-verbal cues and indirect communication

Be careful shaking hands to Indian males and females

What an Indian Meal Consists OfWhat an Indian Meal Consists Of1) Vegetarianism is quite common

Economic factors & religious dictates

2) Meat in small quantities, because Buddhists and Hindus avoid eating beef and pork

3) Legumes and cereals are the major components of meals

Rice, wheat and beans are particularly well suited to agricultural conditions in India

CUISINECUISINE

Food patterns:Food patterns:

Rice Main dishes (vegetables and/or meat)

Indian bread (chappathi, roti, or naan)

Side dishes (salad, papad, and pickles)

Dal (a waterly lentil dish)

Eating TechniqueEating Technique

1. Placing the Chappathi Over the Meat

2. Picking the Meat Up

3. Combining the Rice

4. Making a Ball

5. Rice Ready to Eat

Wash your hands before start eating Right hand (eating) Left hand (functions associated with going to the

toilet) Never pass or receive anything with left hand Burping (a sign of contentment) Avoid licking your fingers After eating, if you’re a guest in someone’s home,

wait until everyone has finished then get up to wash your hands again to clean them

Manners in eating Manners in eating

PAST STATUSPAST STATUS

Still disadvantaged with respect to inheritance and property rights

High female mortality

Selective infanticide, general neglect, abuse of female children

Although infant mortality rates have halved since independence, still eight times compares with USA

WOMEN in INDIAWOMEN in INDIA

PRESENT STATUSPRESENT STATUS Changes in women’s mobility and

interaction 50% visited new places and traveled longer

distances 94% had experienced new interactions with

staff of institutions

Changes in women’s labor patterns 30% who had taken bank loans reported a

marked change in gender roles

Changes in access to and control over resources give their communities better infrastructure or

services

Changes in intra-household decision-making a slight improvement Women :decide on food preparation Men: make the financial decisions

ImpactImpact of Female View on Hospitality

India WomenIndia Women Increase in females’ mobility

More female travel around Income of females increase

Some female may have a high level of consumption

Hospitality Industry:Managers: Know the restrictions on serving a female e.g. Never shake hands, touch or sit close or next to a woman Know female Indian employees’ needs when they work in hotel

WomenWomen1) Sari:

five or six yards long of cloth in the Vedas, about 600 BC made of silk (Wealthy women) made of cotton (most women) brightly colored saris (Younger women) only white saris (widows and other women

in mourning )

2) Other decorations silver or gold jewelry (earrings and

nose-rings) Bindi (a spot of red on their foreheads)

DRESSINGDRESSING

MenMen 1) Dhoti

one long piece of cloth generally white wrapped around their legs to make sort of pants didn’t have the part that covered the chest and

shoulders

2) Other decoration turbans

long cotton cloths wrapped around their heads

ImpactImpact of Dressing on Hospitality

Dress Code ( business aspect )Dress Code ( business aspect )Warm condition, many wear safari suits or go without tie and suit

Arranged marriagesArranged marriagesAccount factors : age, height, personal values and tastes, t

he backgrounds of their families (wealth, social standing) and their castes and the astrological compatibility of the couples‘ horoscopes

Divorce rate is extremely low (India1.1% vs USA50% )

WEDDINGWEDDING

Wedding themes of IndiaWedding themes of India Sweets (sweet life) Eggs (fertility) Money (prosperity)

Hindu wedding ceremonyHindu wedding ceremony Ward off evil spirits Wedding vows exchange Showers flower petals on the

newlyweds Holds a coconut over newlyweds’

heads & circles it around them three times

Indian WeddingIndian Wedding

Bright events Continue for several days Often 400-1000 people attending

Many of whom are unknown to the bride & groom

ImpactImpact of Wedding on Hospitality

Hotel:Hotel: Take benefit to holding the wedding celebration Providing F&B service

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

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http://www.pilgrimage-india.com/ Scenes from India, Retrieved from

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2008/09/scenes_from_india.html

History, India, Languages , Retrieved from http://www.indohistory.com/languages.html

Hinduism, Retrieved October 29, 2009 from http://www.thaiexotictreasures.com/hinduism.html

Reference:

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India Facts - General, Retrieved from http://www.india-tourism.com/

G. Kofstede, Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values

Henderson, Carol E (2002) Culture and customs of India. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press

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