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INDIALand of paradox
IndiaIndiaIndiaIndiaLand of potentials but contrasts
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Indias Global Competitiveness
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Study of 131 economies accounting 98% of worlds GDP showed that
India ranks 48 th in global competitiveness with score 4.33
108Macroeconomic stability
101Health & primary education
96Labour efficiency
74Basic requirement
67Infrastructure
62Technological readiness
55Higher education & training
37Financial market sophistication
36Goods market efficiency26Business sophistication
3Market size
RankItem
Strengths
Weaknesses
Source: Global Competitiveness Report 2007-08published by World Economic Forum
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Population
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Population in Mn in 2002
47.4
127.5
59.8
82.4
291.0
1049.5
1294.9
Persons % grp.a.
Country
0.4Korea Rep
0Japan
0.4France
0Germany
1.0U.S.A.
1.3India
0.6China Second largest population Equivalent to
4 U.S.A.s 8 Japans 13 Germanys
18 Frances 22 Koreas High growth rate
Source : Human Development Report (HDR) 2005 by UNDP
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Brazil
Indonesia
United States
India
China P o p u
l a t i o n
2 0 0 2
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
P er c en t 50
0217291
10501295
Pareto curve of population - 2002
World population = 6225 Mn China accounts 21% India accounts 17%
Source : Human Development Report 2005 by UNDP
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458 million workforce
Agewise Population of India (2001)
0
20000000
40000000
60000000
80000000
100000000
120000000
140000000
0 - 4
5 - 9
1 0 - 1
4
1 5 - 1
9
2 0 - 2
4
2 5 - 2
9
3 0 - 3
4
3 5 - 3
9
4 0 - 4
4
4 5 - 4
9
5 0 - 5
4
5 5 - 5
9
6 0 - 6
4
6 5 - 6
9
7 0 - 7
4
7 5 - 7
9
8 0 +
A g e n o
t s
t a t e d
Today India is the second largest country
in providing workforce Will surpass China by 2025
World demographic study says that in 2025: India will have largest population
of young workable people (15 to 45 age)in the world
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Gross Domestic Product
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is themoney value of all final goods andservices produced in the domestic territoryof a country in a year's time.
Definition of GDP
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PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) A rate of exchange that accounts for price
differences across countries, allowinginternational comparisons of real outputand incomes.
At the PPP US$ rate, PPP US$1 has thesame purchasing power in the domestic
economy as US$1 has in the UnitedStates.
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Prepared by C Y Nimkar 11Country
U n
i t e d K i n g d o m
C h i n a
G e r m a n y
J a p a n
U n
i t e d S t a t e s
G D P i n m i l
l i o n
U S $
30000000
20000000
10000000
0
P er c en t
50
0277257032508273322147
4383762
13843825
Pareto curve of GDP (PPP) in Mn US $ - 2007
Source : IMF(2007)
World GDP is 54392 Bn US $ Indias GDP is 1098 Bn US $contributing 2% to world GDP
Strength is in manufacturing
17 % population contributes 2% to world GDP
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Value of product/service an individual isproducing in his country
Per capita GDP
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- -
lllllllll
lllllllll
lllllllll
lllllllll
-lllllllll
-
-
-
lllllllll llllllllllllllllll
-
llllllllllllllllll
lllllllll
lllllllll
lllllllll
--
llllllllllllllllll-
Ranges for per capita gdp 2005Means
33,800 to 41,900 (6)25,500 to 33,800 (19)17,200 to 25,500 (12)
8,900 to 17,200 (24)
600 to 8,900 (104)Source: HDR 2007-08 by UNDP
Per capita GDP (PPP) - 2005 (US $)
9543World
5282Developingcountries
3452India
6757China
Per capitaGDP (US $)
Country
India ranks 117 among 177countries
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GDP at 1999-2000 pricesby Economic activity
8.79.6100100Total
10.711.155.754.7Services
8.911.026.826.7Industry
2.63.817.518.5Agriculture
2007-082006-072007-082006-07
% growth% shareActivity
Monthly Economic Report Apr 2008 Ministry of Finance
Population of India - 2001
100
28
72
%
21
31
18
Decadalgrowth
1028Total
286Urban
742Rural
Population(Mn.)
Agriculture contributes 17.5% to GDP but has to support 65% of population
-3837WORLD
133000India
54634Vietnam
45850Japan
36074China
27448U.S.A.
19431Egypt
RankKg/hectareCountry
Paddy
2665World
102617India
52974U.S.A.
43907China
33907Egypt
26235France
17778U.K.
RankKg/hectareCountry
Wheat
Land availability per 1000persons
World 20.5 sq. kms,Asia 12.7 sq. kms,India 3.1 sq. kms
Low yield Inadequate storage facilities
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Value addition comes from industry whose growthis declining-
Poor infrastructure High taxation Inconducive labour laws for free economy Bureaucracy
Dependency for technology
Service sector can provide employment but willnot boost up GDP
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Per Capita Income
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80.4India
82.9Gambia
83.0Zimbabwe
84.0Central African Republic
84.0Bangladesh85.1Madagascar
85.8Niger
87.2Zambia
87.6Burundi
87.8Rwanda
89.9Tanzania
92.4Nigeria%Country
% of population earning $2 or less per day
12 th in the rank
820 Mn Indians earn $2or less per day
Poverty comparable to
African countries
Source: HDR 2007-08 by UNDP
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Ranges for per capita income at constant 93-94 pricesMeans
27,100 to 33,100 (2)21,200 to 27,100 (1)15,300 to 21,200 (4)
9,400 to 15,300 (7)3,500 to 9,400 (7)
Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Chandigarh Administration.
Per capita income (Rs) in 2003-04
at 93-94 pricesAll India = Rs.11799
16479
11333
3557
824716779
15721
12302
13141
12109
82848383
6487
15800
8571
12976
5702
11612
Chandigarh 33047
Delhi 29231
Pondicherry 23610
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Annual Per Capita Income (Rs.) - India 1999-2000
0
5000
1000 0
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
Urban annual PCIRural annual PCISource: India market
Demographics 2002 - NCAER
All India PCI Rs. 19407 (Urban) All India PCI Rs. 9481 (Rural)
Urban
Rural
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Literacy
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Ranges for adult literacy rate 2005Means
84.8 to 100 (103)69.5 to 84.8 (26)54.2 to 69.5 (17)38.9 to 54.2 (11)23.6 to 38.9 (9)
Source: HDR 2007-08 by UNDP
78.6World
76.7Developingcountries
61.0India90.9China
Adultliteracy
rate
Country
Adult literacy rate 2005(% aged 15 and above)
India ranks 147 in adult literacy among 177 countries
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21%16%11%Difference
54%66%75%Female
75%82%86%Male
IndiaAsia*(Excl Middle East)
World*
Literacy Rate - 2002
Source: Country Profiles of the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations, Economic Situation:
Male Femaledivide is more
Low literacy
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Ranges for literacy rate 2001Means
82.2 to 90.9 (3)73.4 to 82.2 (9)64.6 to 73.4 (9)55.8 to 64.6 (8)
47 to 55.8 (3)
Literacy Rate - 2001
91
Mizoram 88
Lakshadweep 88
82 67
Delhi 82
Chandigarh 82
Pondicherry 81
81
Daman & Diu 8177
77
Tripura 74
73
70
70
70
69
Manipur 69
69
Nagaland 6764
64
Meghalaya 63
64
61
61
Dadra, N Haveli 60
5755
54
48
All India literacy rate 65 36 Cr. personscant read & write
Source: Census 2001
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P r e p ar e d b y C Y
N i mk ar
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 1 0 0
KERALA
LAKSHADWEEP
MIZORAM
PONDICHERRY
GOA
DELHI
DAMAN & DIU
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
CHANDIGARH
MAHARASHTRA
HIMACHAL PRADESH
TAMIL NADU
TRIPURA
MANIPUR
GUJARAT
HARYANA
WEST BENGAL
KARNATAKAMADHYA PRADESH
SIKKIM
RAJASTHAN
ORISSA
PUNJAB
ASSAM
NAGALAND
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI
M al e
F em al e
L i t e r a c yR
a t e 2 0 0 1
M a l e -F
e m a l e
S o ur c e: C en s u s 2 0 0 1
A l l I n
d i al i t e
M al e7
5 ,F
e
L ar g
er d i vi d
e
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Literacy Rate 2001Rural - Urban
All India literacyUrban 80 , Rural 59
Larger divide
Source: Census 2001
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Prepared by C Y Nimkar 26Source: Census 2001
14.146.1Rural Female
9.670.7Rural Male
7.572.9Urban Female
4.186.3Urban MaleStd. dev
Average
(%)
Urban Rural, Male Female literacy rate comparison
363.3Total illiterates
194.9Rural Female
110.7Rural Male
36.6Urban Female21.1Urban Male
No of illiterates (Mn)
36 crore Indians can not read and write,
of which 30 crore are in rural areas
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Urban
92.0HIMACHALPRADESH
93.2TRIPURA
93.8LAKSHADWEEP
95.9KERALA
96.4MIZORAM
MaleState
76.8UTTAR PRADESH
79.9BIHAR
80.0JAMMU & KASHMIR
83.1PUNJAB
83.2ANDHRA PRADESH
MaleState
Top 5 Bottom 5
83.5MEGHALAYA
85.0HIMACHALPRADESH
85.0TRIPURA
90.6KERALA
95.8MIZORAM
FemaleState
61.7UTTAR PRADESH
62.0JAMMU & KASHMIR62.6BIHAR
64.7RAJASTHAN
68.7ANDHRA PRADESH
FemaleState
Top 5 Bottom 5
Rural
84.9MIZORAM
86.6DELHI
87.4GOA
91.5LAKSHADWEEP93.6KERALA
Male
57.1BIHAR
57.7ARUNACHALPRADESH
59.2MEGHALAYA
60.9JHARKHAND
61.7JAMMU &KASHMIR
Male
71.9GOA
72.3
ANDAMAN &NICOBARISLANDS
77.3MIZORAM
78.3LAKSHADWEEP
86.7KERALA
Female
29.6BIHAR
29.9JHARKHAND
30.8DADRA & NAGARHAVELI
36.7JAMMU &KASHMIR
36.9UTTAR PRADESH
Female
Bottom 5Top 5Bottom 5Top 5
Literacy rate Top 5 and bottom 5 states
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Needs 20 more years to achieve 100% literacySource: Economic survey of India 2001 02,Ministry of Finance
Progress in literacy rate
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Prepared by C Y Nimkar 29Reproduced from 61st
NSS round (July 2004-June 2005)
Reasons for not attending school
How do we break vicious circle between needto earn & education?
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Housing
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Housing conditions in rural India
50%Pucca structure31%Semi pucca structure
19%Katcha structure
%Type of house
% households
31Tripura
36Andaman Nicobar
36Nagaland
37Mizoram
44Meghalaya
52Assam
64Arunachal Pradesh
%State
% Rural households living in
unserviceable katcha structure
Census - 2001
High %
All in NE India
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% of slum population
6050403020100-10
P o p u
l a t i o n o f c
i t y -
2 0 0 1
14000000
12000000
10000000
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
0
PatnaKalyan-Dombivali
LucknowBhopalAgra
Bangalore
HaoraPimpri Chnchw adVaranasiNashik
Ahmadabad
Vadodara
KanpurJaipur
Hyderabad
Indore
Delhi
Chennai
PuneSurat
LudhianaThane
Kolkata
Nagpur
MeerutFaridabad
Mumbai
27 cities withpopulation morethan 10 lacs (73.3
Mn) of which 24% livein slums (17.7 Mn)
Source: Census 2001
Slum population
City severely affected
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Health
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30India
31Sudan
32Yemen
36Bangladesh
Infants with low birthweight (%)
Country
Fourth in the world in infants born with low birthweight
Source: HDR 2007-08 by UNDP
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Ranges for % of anaemic children below 3 yearsMeans
80 to 87.6 (7)72.3 to 80 (5)64.6 to 72.3 (6)
56.9 to 64.6 (3)49.2 to 56.9 (4)
% anaemic children below 3 years
All India = 79%
32
Mizoram 52
49 83
Delhi 63
72
59
73
80
80
69
Manipur 53
83
58
Meghalaya 69
74
79
80 85
68
88
57 66
77Tripura 68
Source : Lok Sabha UnstarredQuestion No. 4589,dated 08.05.2007.
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Ranges for % of anaemic females between 15 to 49 yearsMeans
61.8 to 69 (6)54.4 to 61.8 (3)47 to 54.4 (7)39.6 to 47 (4)32.2 to 39.6 (5)32
Mizoram 38
39 50
Delhi 43
49
41
53
56
38
63
Manipur 39
57
58
Meghalaya 45
62
62
53 51
53
68
47 49
69Tripura 64
% anaemic women between 15 - 49
All India = 56%
Source : Lok Sabha UnstarredQuestion No. 4589,dated 08.05.2007.
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TechnologyCreation & Diffusion
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1190.81India
7081.416China31872.61113Korea
32612.5158Germany46052.7244USA
52873.1857Japan
Researchers
in R & D(per Mnpeople)
R & D Exp
(% to GDP)No. of patents
granted toresidents (per
Mn people)
Country
1.0Developing Nations2.3World
R & D Exp (% to GDP)
Source: HDR 2007-08 by UNDP
6%India17%China
32%Korea35%U.S.A.
59%Malaysia59%Phillipines
61%Singapore
High techexports as % of manf. exports
Country
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487.256618India
8.5991684China0.01007710Korea
0.01008685Singapore
1569.0681221DevelopingCountries
1577.0762701World
Populationwithout electricity(Mn)
ElectrificationRate (%)
Per capita
consumption(Kilowatt -Hours)
Highest in the worldSource: HDR 2007-08 by UNDP
Per capita electricity consumption in 2004-05E l d D d
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Ranges for per capita consumption of elctricity in kwh 2004-0Means
1,750 to 2,180 (2)1,330 to 1,750 (1)
910 to 1,330 (5)490 to 910 (10)
70 to 490 (12)
(in Kwh)
Source : Lok Sabha UnstarredQuestion No. 3608, dated on16.12.2005.
Excludes DadraNagarhaveli (8290 Kwh) &Daman Diu (7360 Kwh)
All India = 618 Kwh760
1281
1247
951
578
649
398
Mizoram 433
Lakshadweep 348
2179
680
Delhi 1549
Chandigarh 873
Pondicherry 2045341
Daman & Diu 81899
Tripura 352
1059
984
430
Manipur 283
Nagaland 181163
517
Meghalaya 521
724
791Dadra, N Haveli 60
310
325
75
C i f d 200 0
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54%90%Electricity
12%59%LPG
RuralUrbanCommodity
Consumption of goods 2004-05
Figures show % households owning goods
Source: NSS round 509
86% rural households use firewood for cooking. 42% rural households use kerosene for lighting
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Telephones
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Ranges for overall no of telephones per 100 personsMeans
67.6 to 82.7 (1)52.3 to 67.6 (0)37 to 52.3 (0)21.7 to 37 (5)6.4 to 21.7 (19)
Tele-densityNo. of telephones* per 100 persons - 2006
17 telephones per 100 Indians
* Public and private Direct ExchangeLines, CMPs, WLL (Fixed & Mobile)
Source: Ministry of Communications & IT
25
23
35
21
14
13
32
23
Delhi 82
17
17
20
8
8
11
9
18
10 7
3
3
9
North East 10
2 4 6 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 S o *W
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P r e p ar e d
b y C Y N i mk ar
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0
HIMACHAL PRADESH
KERALA
DELHI
PUNJAB
ANDHRA PRADESH
KARNATAKA
HARYANA
BIHAR
GUJARAT
ASSAM
RAJASTHAN
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
WEST BENGAL
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
ORISSA
MAHARASHTRA
UTTAR PRADESH
TAMIL NADU
MADHYA PRADESH
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
MANIPUR
MEGHALAYA
T el e- d
en
si t y* 2
0 0
6 U r b
an
1 7
T o t al
2
R ur al
5 3
Ur b an
T e l e - d e n s i t y
o ur c e: Mi ni s
t r y of C omm
uni c a t i on s & I T
* P u b l i c an d pr i v a t eD i r e c t E x c h an
g eL i n e s , C MP
s ,
WL L
( F i x e d
& M
o b i l e )
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Radio & TV
S B 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0
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P r e p ar e d
b y C Y N i mk ar
o ur c e: Mi ni s t r y
of I nf or m
a t i on
&
r o a d c a s t i n g , G ov
t . of I n
d i a.
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0 . 0
Jammu & Kashmir
Kerala
Goa
Delhi
Uttaranchal
Himachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Tamilnadu
Pondicherry
Manipur
Mizoram
Uttar Prad esh
Haryana
Punjab
Arunachal Pradesh
Sikkim
Maharashtra
Rajasthan
Nagaland
Meghalaya
Assam
Gujarat
Tripura
Bihar
R a d i o
onw
er s h i p
T V
own
er s h i p
%
HH o wni n
gR a d i o ,T V
Al l I n d i a
o wn e r s
R a d i o- 3 8%
T V-
3 4 %
E x c e p t i on s
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Prepared by C Y Nimkar 48
Newspaper
0 . 0 0
1 . 0 0
2 . 0 0
3 . 0 0
4 . 0 0
5 . 0 0
6 . 0 0
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P r e p ar e d
b y C Y N i mk ar
C H A N D I G A R H
DAMAN & DIU
KERALA
UTTAR PRADESH
G U J A R AT
JAMMU AND KASHMIR
M A H A R A S H T R A
SIKKIM
RAJASTHAN
M I Z O R A M
ORISSA
ANDAMAN & NICO BAR ISLANDS
MADHYA PRADESH
P U N J A B
TRIPURA
TAMIL NADU
ANDHR A PRADESH
P O N D I C H E R RY
W E S T B E N G A L
HARYANA
DADRA & NAG AR HAVELI
G O A
KARNATAKA
MANIPUR
R e a d e r s h i p
( N o of n e w
s p a p e r s r e a d
p e r HH
)
Al l I n d i aM
e d i an
N o of p a p er s r e a d
p er H H
3
3 . 0 0
2 . 5 0
2 . 0 0
1 . 5 0
1 . 0 0
. 5 0
0 . 0 0 N
o of p a p er s r e a d
pe
Frequency
2 0 1 0 0
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Computers & Internet
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Source : Ministry of Statistics and ProgrammeImplementation, Govt. of India.
1.341.040.770.580.53PCs in use per 100 Population
14.511865.4PC population (in million)
20052004200320022001Year (March Ending)
(2001 to 2005)
Personal Computer (PC) Population and In Use per 100Population in India
PC penetration
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Source : Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation,Govt. of India.
5.5630.06.2005
5.3031.03.20054.0531.03.2004
3.5031.03.2003
3.2431-03-2002
2.9131-03-2001
0.9431-3-2000
0.2313-3-1999
Internet Subscribers (million)Year
(As on 13.03.1999 to 30.06.2005)
Number of Internet Subscribers in
India
38% of PC users
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Human Development Index
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Adult literacy rate
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du t te acy ate
Adult literacy index =Adult literacy rate - 0
100 - 0
Gross enrolment index =Gross enrolment ratio - 0
100 - 0
Education index = 2/3 (Adult literacy index) + 1/3 (Gross enrolment index)
GDP per capita
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GDP per capita
GDP Index =log (GDP per capita) log 100
log 40000 log 100
Human Development Index
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(Life expectancy index) + (Education index) + (GDP index)HDI =
3
Human Development Index
HDI - 2005
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Ranges for human development index 2005Means
0.84 to 0.968 (49)
0.714 to 0.84 (54)0.588 to 0.714 (21)0.462 to 0.588 (27)0.336 to 0.462 (15)
0.743World
0.691Developingcountries
0.619India
0.777China
HDI2005
Country
Source: HDR 2007-08 by UNDP
1280.6192005
1150.5711999
820.2541970
RankHDIYear
Indias performance
Rank is slipping
Gender related Development Index (GDI)
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0.600113India
0.77673China
0.91026Korea
0.93120Germany
0.93518New Zealand
0.93716U.S.A.0.94410U.K.
0.9507France
0.9555Sweden
0.9564Canada0.9573Norway
0.9602Australia
0.9621Iceland
GDIRankCountry
Source: HDR 2007-08 by UNDP
Index of equality betweenmale and female development
Based on three factors-
Long and healthy life Literacy
Earnings
India ranks 113 th among 177countries in gender equality
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Governance
India
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Prepared by C Y Nimkar 62Source: Global Competitiveness Report 2007-08published by World Economic Forum
Infrastructure, Bureaucracy, labour laws, corruption and tax regulations are main issues
Transparency Index 2007(Score out of 10)
0 88Per capita GDP
Correlation of Transparency index with
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Ranges for transparency indexMeans7.82 to 9.4 (14)6.24 to 7.82 (13)4.66 to 6.24 (24)3.08 to 4.66 (38)1.5 to 3.08 (75)
Source: Transparency International (2007)
-0.03Population
0.72HDI
0.88Per capita GDP
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Prepared by C Y Nimkar 64Source: Transparency International India (2007)
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Corruption Index
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66/69
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Ranges for corruption indexMeans
604 to 695 (2)
513 to 604 (5)422 to 513 (7)331 to 422 (2)240 to 331 (2)
p
301
417
459
516
543
655
240
576
Delhi 496
433
509
461
542
584
475
421
491695
445
520
Indias Balance Sheet
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Second largest workforce Third largest market size
Democratic country Good Business acumen Developing economy
Assets Heavy pressure on agriculture for
livelihood Inadequate infrastructure Bureaucracy Corruption Outdated labour laws Poor work culture Low literacy Low emphasis on science & technology High taxation Widening Urban-Rural gap Male-Female gap
NE India lagging behind in few parameters Central India lagging behind in all
parameters
Liabilities
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Therefore ..
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India is shining .......
What about Bharat ???