This Country Paper titled “Inclusive Engineering Innovations for Transforming Society: An India Approach” on the theme Bio-inspired Engineering Systems was presented at the Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asia (FEISCA) Regional Seminar on “Innovative Technologies for Excellence in Engineering” at Colombo, Sri Lanka on 10 October 2014. Dr. L V Muralikrishna Reddy, FIE, Int. PE Vice President, The Institution of Engineers (India)
Transcript
This Country Paper titled “Inclusive Engineering Innovations for Transforming Society: An India Approach” on the theme Bio-inspired Engineering Systems was presented at the Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asia (FEISCA) Regional Seminar on “Innovative Technologies for Excellence in Engineering” at Colombo,
Sri Lanka on 10 October 2014.
Dr. L V Muralikrishna Reddy, FIE, Int. PE Vice President, The Institution of Engineers (India)
Inclusive Engineering Innovations for Transforming Society: An India Approach
Bio-inspired Engineering Systems
Dr. L V Muralikrishna Reddy, FIE, Int. PE Vice President, The Institution of Engineers (India)
Acknowledgements
Er. S L Garg, President FEISCA & Past President, IEI Er. Navin B Vasoya, Member FEISCA Executive Committee
Er. T M Gunaraja Chairman, IEI-TNSC Er. Sandeep B Vasava Member, IEI Council NDRF & IEI TEAM
Presentation Outline and Outcomes
Interdisciplinary Engineering; Inclusive Innovations for Societal Needs; Future Engineering Challenges
Bio-inspired Engineering; Collaborative Research; Medical Engineering
Biomimetic Engineering and Systems; Synthetic Biology
Innovative Applications and Products
Medical Device Development Platforms
IEI and NDRF Initiatives
Conclusion
The Institution of Engineers (India)
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Professionals – Academia – Industry - Government
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Largest Multidisciplinary Professional Body with 15 Engineering Divisions and 6 Interdisciplinary Fora
Professional Body of Engineers participating in Engineering Advancement for Nation Building over 95 Years
Incorporated by the Royal Charter in 1935; 7.6 Lakhs of Members; 104 Centres in India and Abroad; 1000+ Student and Technician Chapters; International Bilateral Agreements
Promotes Engineering Activities for Social Impact: Research and Development; Sustainable Technologies; Engineering Education & Accreditation; Certification of Engineering Professionals; Skill Development
Institutional Building; Safety and Quality; Water Management; Rural Development
Significance of FEISCA Regional Seminar
IESL: Apex Body for Engineers in Sri Lanka and Host Organization
FEISCA Member Nations (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka)
Regional Seminar: Innovative Technologies for Excellence in Engineering
FEISCA India Team is actively promoting cooperation with National Governments, Regional and International Agencies, regional cooperation in deploying Science and Technology for societal development
FEISCA is playing a major role in promoting cooperation and exchange of information among Member Nations on aspects involving promotion of engineering
FEISCA is an effective platform for networking and collaboration for common problems of Engineers and Society
Engineering: Relevance to Societal Development Engineering symbolizes the understanding and application of Nature; interface between Sciences and Technology & Society and Nature
Provides Solutions and Products to Society utilizing Resources from Nature
Engineering profession is at the forefront for developing solutions for societal needs
Transformation of interdisciplinary engineering knowledge into solutions, products, and services is essential for a Nation’s long-term productive growth and prosperity
Emerging trends show increasing overlap between Biology and Engineering - Healthcare and Sustainability
Engineering Innovations -Ushering Revolutions in India
White Revolution
Green Revolution Rockets, Satellites and Inter-Planetary
Missions
Indigenous Aircraft Carrier
ICT
INS Arihant
Nuclear Power Plant
Chandrapur -Padghe HVDC
Railways Connecting India
Future Engineering Challenges as Others See…
Make solar energy economical Provide energy from fusion Develop carbon sequestration methods Manage the nitrogen cycle Provide access to clean water Restore and improve urban infrastructure Advance health informatics Engineer better medicines Reverse-engineer the brain Prevent nuclear terror Secure cyberspace Enhance virtual reality Advance personalized learning Engineer the tools of scientific discovery
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower
women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV / AIDS, malaria and other
diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Global partnership for development
Grand Challenges for Engineering
Millennium Development Goals
National Academy of Engineering United Nations
Biology and Engineering can effectively address these Challenges and create Significant Societal Impact
Today’s Complex Engineering Systems require interdisciplinary inputs
Need to Integrate Knowledge across multiple branches of science, engineering, and society
Transformation of Concepts and Technologies to Products for Societal Applications
Mechanical Engg.
Mechanical Engg.
Chemical Engg.
Chemical Engg.
B io log ica l S YS TE M S
B io te ch n o logy
n a n o p a rticle sI N TE RFA CE S
p ro s th e tics
Materials Science &
Engg.
Materials Science &
Engg.
Electrical Engg.
Electrical Engg.
B io m a te ria ls
p o lym e rs
Computer Science &
Engg.
Computer Science &
Engg.
Information Communication
Technology
Information Communication
Technology
r o B o tics
c lin ica l D e cis io n s u p p o rt s ys te m
c om p u ta tio n a l
B io logy
B io m im e tics
r o B o tics D e vice s& p h oto n ics
& &p o in to f c a re D ia g n o s tic
G E N E D E LIVE RY
T IS S U E E N G IN E E RIN G
p ro D u cts
Indian Engineering for the Changing Society Success Stories across multiple engineering sectors-Agriculture, Telecom, ICT, Space, Defense, Pharma, and Healthcare
Advantageous 3”D”s - Largest Democracy, Demographic Dividend (60% of population in 24-35 years), strong Domestic Demand; presence in global markets
Researchers are proactively deploying technologies emanating from applied research areas such as Bio-inspired Engineering, Bio-mimicking, Brain-Machine Interface to critical areas like Health & Hygiene; and Food & Agriculture
¼ of India’s population is under the poverty line; 70% are in the rural areas; Women population is around 46%
IEI-NDRF are striving to develop innovations and solutions that are pro-poor and address the needs of the society at the Bottom of the Pyramid
We live in a World Shaped by Engineering Engineering’s Ubiquity Makes it the Key to Society’s Health, Happiness, Safety, and Progress
Engineering “Surrounds” Us
Engineering “Connects” Human Society
Engineering Creativity that “Designs” the World We Want and Turns Ideas into Reality
The overlap of scientific knowledge with societal need, or the application of scientific knowledge to the needs of society is the domain of engineering
Engineering Contribution
Water
NAT
UR
AL
WO
RLD
M
an M
ade W
orld
Water
Earth
Air
Plants
Animals
Man Made World
Man Made World
Achievement of Engineering Profession
Engineers “Gift” to Mankind-Internet…
Democratized Knowledge
Conquered Time and
Distance
Established Global Links Engineers will Enable a “Border-Less” World
Professional Experience and Expertise of Fellow Engineers can be accessed across Borders: Growth and Progress of Engineering Profession
Google Images
Collaborative innovations and knowledge-networking enhance the pace of innovation leveraging the power of Information Technology. With ICT, engineers are in a position to unleash the contemporary paradigm of innovations-”intelligent Innovations”
Bioengineering-Collaborative and Interdisciplinary…
Food
Agriculture
Health care
Clothing
Aerospace
Shelter
Energy
Chemical
Bioengineering focuses on integrative applications bridging Engineering, Biology, and Physical science; and solves challenges left unanswered by Engineering and Physical / Life Sciences disciplines individually
Integrating Engineering with Life Sciences
Bio-Processing Environment Biomedical
Biodegradable products
Biotechnology
Food Processing and Safety
Synthetic Biology
Medical Equipment
Biomaterials
Tissue Engineering
Pharmaceuticals
Brain - Machine Interface
Biosensors
Biomimetics
Biodegradable products
Biotechnology
Food Processing and Safety
Synthetic Biology
Engineers and Medical Tools
Engineering “Design Under Constraints”
Engineering “Design Under Constraints”: Laws of Nature, Desires of Consumers, Applications, Aesthetics, Legal Provisions-all determine the optimum configurations
Medical Electronics encompasses a wide range of healthcare products-personal medical devices, bio-physical monitoring, life support systems, implants, bionics in rehabilitation of physically challenged, embedded technology in neuro sciences (stroke recovery), cardiac sciences, and telemedicine
Increased early detection of problems implies improved patient care and better patient outcomes
Technologies Driving Innovations
Dept. of Biotechnology,
Min. of S&T, GoI
Dept. of Bioscience
and Bioengg.,
IISc..
NDRF(C)
DRDO
IITs
NCBS
Sri Chitra Tirunal Institute
Bio-inspired Materials, Biomaterials and Bio-3D Printing
Biosensors
Biomimetic Systems
Interdisciplinary Research Collaborations
Bio-inspired Engineering
Bio-inspired Materials and Biomaterials & Bio-3D Printing: Development of biomimetic materials that dynamically adapt to their environments for energy and environmental applications, creation of targetable, self-assembling nanotechnologies for efficient drug delivery applications
Bio-3D Printing: Integrates biology and engineering to manufacture living tissue that mimic the function and form of native tissues
Biosensors: Function as analytical tools in socially relevant areas such as agriculture, environment monitoring, biomedical research, amongst several others
Biomimetic Microsystems: Engineering microsystems that replicate complex human organ-level functions for use in drug testing, diagnostic and therapeutic applications
Applications
Bio-inspired Engineering
Smart Therapies
Home Healthcare Devices
Bio-compatible Implants
3D-Printed Organs
Engineered Heart Cells Biosensors
Reference: Google Images.
&Bio-inspired Engineering addresses “un-met challenges” making a difference to the world &Bio-inspired Engineering is richly collaborative and interdisciplinary
Bio-inspired Engineering Happening Places
Department of Atomic Energy
Department of Science & Technology
Department of Biotechnology
Indian Council of Medical Research
Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
Defence Research and Development Organization
Government An Illustrative List…
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Laboratories
IC-IMPACTS, Canada
National Chemical Laboratory
National Design and Research Forum
DRDO Laboratories
Research Organizations Indian Institute of Science
Indian Institutes of Technology
Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research
National Institutes of Technology
University of Agricultural Sciences
University of Mysore
Bangalore University
Jain University
Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning
Academic Institutions
Aagami Lifesciences Catalysts
Apollo Telemedicine Networking Foundation
AstraZeneca Bangalore
Corporates Avestha Gengraine Technologies
Biocon Ltd.
Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC)
Fortis Clinical Research Ltd. (FCRL)
Mitra Biotech Private Ltd.
Strand Life Sciences Private Limited
Bio-inspired Materials
Unique Features
Productization Examples
Natural materials such as bone, shell and wood comprise of limited number of basic components
Develop a wide range of mechanical properties by hierarchical structuring
Resultant materials have a variety of mechanical properties-combining high stiffness and toughness, self-healing, optical functions
Velcro Fastening System based on the structure of cocklebur is incorporated in several products-clothing, medical equipment, and packaging
Self-cleaning paint incorporating the “lotus effect”–ability of the structure of the lotus leaf to repel dirt–approximately USD 120 Mn. Business
Applications for Bio-inspired Materials
Bio-inorganic Materials (Biomineralization)
Bio-inspired Structural Materials (Chiral
Morphologies)
Bio-nanomaterials (Bio-nano Particles)
Hybrid Organic / Inorganic Implant Materials
(Bone-like Composites)
Smart Biomaterials
Biomaterials
Intraocular Lens
Cochlear Replacements
Substitute Heart Valves
Vascular Grafts
Biomaterial technology encompasses concepts of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering, and materials science
Alumina Cellulose Collagen (Reprocessed)
Commonly Used Biomaterials
Silicone Rubber
Stainless Steel
Dacron Hydrogels Polyurethanes
& First Generation: INERT-Does not trigger any reaction in the host: neither rejected nor recognition
& Second Generation: BIOACTIVE-Ensure a more stable performance over a long time or for the period required
&Third Generation: BIODEGRADABLE-It can be chemically degraded or decomposed by natural effectors (weather, soil bacteria, plants, animals)
Next generation of medical implants and therapeutic modalities Interface of biotechnology and traditional engineering Significant industrial growth in the next 15 years - potential of a multi-billion dollar industry
& Physical Requirements : Hard Materials, Flexible Material
& Chemical Requirements: Must not react with any tissue in the body; non-toxic to the body; Long-term replacement must not be biodegradable
Tissue Engineering
Tissue Engineering is an interdisciplinary field that integrates principles of biological and chemical sciences, with engineering to realize the objective of tissue generation
Burn Healing
Toxicology Testing as Alternative to Animal Testing
Development of Differentiated Tissue Material for Surgical Procedures
h ttp &&&w w w &in te ch op e n&com &B ooks&B iom ate ria ls&S CIE N CE &A N D&e n gin e e rin g&n e w &D e ve lop m e n ts&IN&TIS S U E &E N GIN E E RIN G&of&m icrova s cu la r&p roS TH E S E S
Tissue Engineering: Need of the Hour…
Fewer livers available for transplant than there are patients waiting for new livers
A strategy for construction of the organ must be developed
Tissue engineering holds the promise of producing better organs for transplant
Using tissue engineering techniques and gene therapy it may be possible to correct many otherwise incurable genetic defects
Tissue engineering holds the promise of replacing damaged or diseased tissues and organs. The use of autologous donor cells is often not feasible because of the limited replicative lifespan of cells, particularly those derived from elderly patients
3D Printing at NDRF
Rapid Prototyping facility at “Proto Lab Centre” at NDRF is currently utilized by AMIE Students, Engineering Students and other R&D Laboratories
Bio-3D Printing
Bio-3D Printing integrates biology and engineering to manufacture living tissues that mimic the function and form of native tissues. Bio-3D Printing can produce tissue in various shapes
Manufacture Biological Systems (Cartilage, Bone, Organs), Nanostructures, Combinations of Different Materials (Metal-Plastic), and Fibre-Reinforced Components
Potential in Wound Healing, Organ Regeneration, Tissue Engineering, and Development of Prosthetic Limbs
Uses Bioink, mixture of stem cells
Printer moves back and forth dropping out one Bioink particle at a time to form one layer
Printer prints out one layer of cells at a time on Biopaper, which is made up of collagen, water, and hydrogels
Layers are printed one top of each other
After cells fuse, biopaper is removed
Sensors Roadmap
Biosensors…
Biosensors are playing a major role as analytical tools in socially relevant areas such as agriculture, environment monitoring, biomedical research, amongst several others
Biosensors are being deployed in several applications because they are specific in detection. The selectivity of biosensors increases significantly without making the device complicated and expensive
Range of Sensors
Odour, Toxic Gases
Pathogens
Pesticides, Poison
Artificial Nose, Bio Sensors
Biosensors, MEMS
Chemical Sensors, MEMS
&In areas that have suffered disasters that disrupt physical and social infrastructure significantly, a wide range of toxins, pathogens, and contaminants can emerge rapidly from multiple sources and threaten victims and rescuers alike. &Biosensors can help disaster-recovery personnel and disaster victims identify and avoid health threats endemic to disaster areas, reducing disasters' human and economic costs.
…Biosensors…
Biological Material
Integrated Analytical Devices
Transducing Microsystem
Tissue
Micro-organisms
Organelles
Cell Receptors
Enzymes
Antibodies
Nucleic Acids
Optical
Electrochemical
Thermometric
Piezoelectric
Magnetic
Schematic of Biosensors
…Biosensors…
Applications of Biosensors
DNA sequencers, mass spectrometry
Drug delivery
Bionics
Information capture
Affinity microarrays for DNA, proteins
Biosensors
Biological lab on chip, electrophoresis
&The Schematic Diagrams shows the Outline of Bio Sensors. &It has many applications like Clinical diagnosis and biomedicine, fermentation control and analysis food and drink ,Microbiology: bacterial and viral analysis, Pharmaceutical and drug analysis, Industrial effluent control , Pollution control and monitoring o Mining, industrial and toxic gases, Military applications, etc.
Biosensors for Societal Applications
Biosensor systems for hygiene and sanitation at rural level and detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria in food and water samples
Major Objectives Development of bio-sensing
system for food hygiene and sanitation
Detection of antibiotic resistant bacteria
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence based assays will be performed for rapid monitoring of food hygiene and sanitation.
ATP bioluminescence based assays will be performed for the pre-screening and rapid quantification of multidrug resistant bacteria/pathogens.
Recombinant bacteriophage harbouring lux gene cassette against specific superbug strain/bacterial pathogen will be constructed.
Cloning and expression of lux gene cassette in conjugation to inducible stress promoters will be carried out to detect the presence of hazardous materials present in the environment.
Field applicable, handheld and battery operated optical biosensor system will be developed for onsite monitoring of pathogens/toxins in the environment
Biosensors for Societal Applications - NDRF Case Study-1
Woldman et al, Free radical Biology and Medicine, Vol. 47, pp 1339-1345 (2009)
Reproduced Using Commercially Available Proteins
Development of a Sensor for Detection of Nitric Oxide
Proof-of-concept
Production and Purification of the required components of the System
Detection
Stability studies
Biosensor hardware studies
Prototype fabrication and testing
time s (each interval is 7.8s)
Phot
ocur
rent
Biosensors for Societal Applications - NDRF Case Study-2
Scope of the Project Development of Simulation Model for Biosensors using Experimental Data from Nitric Oxide Biosensor for Model Validation
Biosimulation-computer-aided mathematical simulation of biological processes
Biosensor project “Biosensor for Detection of Nitric Oxide (NO) using its natural receptor Guanylyl Cyclase” generated idea to build simulation model to ease experimentation and cut costs
Build the simulation model for a nitric oxide biosensor based on open source software COPASI,Celldesigner, Jdesigner and Genesis Validate the models generated by the opens source software with the experimental data
Nano Biosensor
What is the Principle?
Development of nano-biosensor for ammonia detection for use in micro air vehicles
How to improve the sensitivity and Response speed?
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) Why CNTs & What is their novelty?
Mediate faster electron transfer between the redox center of the linked enzyme (bioreceptor) & the electrode
Electrons will be transferred to electrode & signal will be detected by connecting the electrode to an Amplifier
Olfactory Sensor
Olfactory System in Humans
Olfactory receptors are located on the cilia of olfactory neurons inside the nose
When odorant molecules bind to the receptors the neurons are activated and an electrical signal is sent out to its corresponding glomeruli, located in the olfactory bulb
The glomeruli are activated to relay a signal to the brain
Biomimetics: Biological and Artificial Olfactory Systems
6 Output Biological reaction Control circuit and display (DRDE / Anurag)
7 Storage Brain Computer memory
Synthetic Biology
Synthetic biology
Biomaterials
Biosensors
Biofuels
Diagnostics
Therapeutics
Biomedicine Bioremediation
Food Ingredients
Fine Chemicals
Physics
Engineering Science Biology
Computer Science
Chemistry
Biological Inspiration
Biological systems outperform, in every aspect, small manmade aircraft
Direct mimicry of flapping motion is very challenging
Thin, under cambered wings are more efficient than those with substantial thickness
Birds and bats have flexible wings
Nature does not have access to all mechanisms, such as propellers
Fixed, flexible wings can provide a practical platform for MAVs driven by propellers
10-4
10-
3 1
0-2
10-1
1
1
01 10
2 1
03 1
04
105
106
Reynolds Number
Gro
ss W
eigh
t (k
g)
UAV
F-18
Aerodynamics
Low Reynolds Number Regime
Increase in Profile Drag Reduction of CL Max Reduction in Lift / Drag
ratio
At low Reynolds numbers:
Aerodynamic Performance - Reduced
Use of Coanda effect to increase lift
Unsteady aerodynamics and gusts
Insect Flight aerodynamics Vortex Flows
CFD - ADE, NAL, JNCASR, IISc, CRL (Tata)
103 104 105 106 107 108
Model of the Flapping Body used in the Simulations
Numerical Investigations of Unsteady Aerodynamics
Experimental Setup
Development of large scale unsteady 3-Dimensional simulations tools for insect flight using mesoscale methods Evaluate usefulness of LB and its variants for transient, 3-D
simulations Building of computational model to replicate experimental results.
Symmetric Flapping at Re =1000 Asymmetric Flapping at Re =1000
Vorticity contours obtained from an asymmetrically flapping forward flight (advance ratio = 0.8) simulation at Re = 1000 after 2 cycles
JNCASR, NDRF
CFD Analysis
Aerodynamic Analysis of Flexible Flapping Wing MAV
Experimental Setup
Side View Top View
Replication of Flapping Wing Model
NDRF, NCBS, DC Enterprises
Bio-inspired Perching Mechanism
Perching mechanism in natural fliers has evolved over millions of years of evolution over all the three forms of habitats viz. on land (terrestrial), arboreal (on trees) as well as on water (aquatic). It is used for both landing and takeoff
Perching mechanism for Drones is under Research based on Biological models
An NDRF Initiative
Insect Aerodynamics
Insect Studies
Soap Nut Bug
Kinematics of wing motion is studied under stroboscope to understand the development MAV’s. Natural Flight is a biological activity however it is inter-disciplinary.
An NDRF Initiative
BORG GROUP
NP-MICAV Projects Involved Development Of Beetle Cyborg – SITAR (Proposed)
BORG GROUP
Projects Proposed Engineering insects for discovering people trapped under rubble – University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur
Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) as Flapping Actuators – NAL
NDRF - CYBORG GROUP
Insect Cyborgs will solve the flight duration problem since insects like moths and beetles can fly longer naturally.
The challenge is to control them and enhance their sensing capabilities by carrying micro/nano cameras or olfactory sensors with transmitters.
No external power is required for flight but micro-energy sources will still be required for the micro/nano electronics.
Innovative Models for Affordable Healthcare
Context NDRF Approach to Deliver Affordable
Healthcare-Medical Device Development Platform Initiative
Healthcare across all South Asian countries is expensive and there is a need to reach out to all sections of society
India is being seen as the hub for “medical tourism”
This presents an opportunity for innovation to roll-out affordable healthcare solutions
NDRF (Consortium) is working in a collaborative mode to develop a “Web-enabled Mobile Diagnostic Platform with knowledge-base (Clinical Decision Support System) This is connected to a Call Centre at the District / State Level. Face to Face interaction with a Clinician and patient is possible in these networked centres Through this network, patient will receive an electronic prescription and obtain the prescribed medication Under R&D: Non-invasive Diagnostic Platform on a “Tablet”
High-tech Innovations to Cost-Effective Point-of-Care (PoC) Medical Devices…
Technology Drivers
Sri Chitra Tirunal Institute; IITs; Defence Bioengineering and Electromedical Laboratory, Bangalore; NDRF(C); Society for Biomedical Technology and
others are working in this exciting area…
Cost-effective medical devices and instruments for screening and diagnosis at the "Point-of-Care“ is seen as a "building-block" of a viable and effective healthcare delivery system
The proliferation of telecom has catalyzed the convergence of telecom and healthcare sectors, providing a useful take-off point for innovations in healthcare
There is a trend to integrate healthcare devices with consumer products so that the device fits snugly onto the patient’s body, and does not alter the individual’s daily routine. This will help manage patients manage their diseases effectively
…High-tech Innovations to Cost-Effective Point-of-Care (PoC) Medical Devices…
NDRF is progressing the Indian Council of Medical Research funded project on “Development and Manufacture of Non-Invasive Glucometer”, a device for measuring blood glucose & HbA1C levels in diabetic patients without utilizing an actual blood sample
Unique Features:
Eliminates the “per-test” expenditure for assessing the blood glucose level
Does not require piercing of fingertip and obtaining of blood
Is painless, and does not generate biological waste, thereby reducing the risk of spread of dangerous diseases
NIR Emitter & Silicon Photo-detector
…High-tech Innovations to Cost-Effective Point-of-Care (PoC) Medical Devices…
Innovative Blood Pressure Measurement Devices using Innovative Methods to Replace Pressure Cuff
It is a wearable device like a watch Product is small, handy and easy to use Unobtrusive, and can be incorporated in regular daily activities of the
individual Needs no prior training to use Facilitates continuous monitoring at regular intervals Stores information Wi-fi device that connects to the Internet There are no motors etc. like in the BP measuring device presently available
in the market
ICT in Healthcare…
Progress made by the Indian IT industry, bioinformatics, chemo-informatics, computer aided design (CAD), and imaging techniques can be leveraged to enhance Indian healthcare system.
Research is on in several organizations to integrate databases of literature-based and practice-based evidence for clinical decision support and developing the system architecture for Electronic Health Record Compliant Clinical Decision Support Systems
IBM's Report "Improving India's Healthcare System" through Information Technology presents the Point of View that the adoption of advanced, well-established IT can help improve Indian healthcare system.
Inner circle depicts IBM's recommendations. Outer circle depicts the likely benefits.
Source: INAE Report: Technologies for Healthcare in India
…ICT in Healthcare…
GOVERNMENTAL INITIATIVES National Rural Health Mission National Health Portal of India Indian Health Information Network
These programs present significant opportunity for researchers, academicians, entrepreneurs, and the Industry to collaborate with the Government to deploy contemporary technologies like Cloud, Big Data, and Analytics
Brain-Computer Interface
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Technology allows a human to control a devices with thoughts Picks up electrical signals in the brain using
electrodes and converted into data that is used to control devices Brain-Computer Interface is a frontier
technology that is likely to assist the mobility of elderly patients afflicted by Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and enhances the quality of life of the senior citizens
Brain Machine Interface
Brain Machine Interface
Electro Myograph (EMG) based Control of Machines
Brain Machine Interface
Ocular Dipole (OD) Control of Machines
Brain Machine Interface
Electro Encephalograph (EEG) Control of Machines
India’s Pioneering Engineering Professional Body is promoting interdisciplinary research in the collaborative mode
Interdisciplinary Research is the way forward to improve medical care
IEI’s engagement with WFEO to deploy technologies in the context of UN Millennium Development Goals
NDRF’s contemporary laboratories-Rapid Prototyping Laboratory and the Central Integrated Systems Laboratory-benefit to AMIE
AMIE’s Outcome-Based Education Approach
NDRF looks forward to engaging with practitioners to take forward viable ideas for further R&D and Productization
Promotes Research, Design, Development, Productization, and Innovation through collaborative effort since 1969
Pioneered the Consortium Approach for Engineering Research in India, integrating User Organizations, Funding Agencies, Research Organizations, Academia, Industry, and Entrepreneurs
Anchors interdisciplinary technological research in many engineering disciplines including for societal applications
Plays a major role in deploying engineering and technology services, systems, and solutions for nation building
Collaborative Ecosystem for Design and Research
National Design and Research Forum (NDRF)
Biomimetic and Biosensors [bigtec, Abexome, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, NDRF (Consortium), Dept. of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IISc., Biosensor Society of India]
Cyborg Group [SITAR, NAL, IISc, Inst. Of Wood Sc., Univ. of Agri. Sc. Raichur, Jain Univ., Industry]
Brain Computer Interface [IISc, DEBEL, Industry]
Quantum Well Infrared Photo detectors (QWIPs) [IISc, BEL, SITAR]
National Programme on Micro Air Vehicles (NP-MICAV) [ADE, NAL, IITB, IITK, NDRF(Consortium) Partners]
PISAT - Student built Satellite Initiative [ISRO, VTU, PESIT]
9 International Patents, 12 Monographs, Papers in Journals
Central Integrated Systems Laboratory (CISL)
Bio-simulation Research Focus
Simulation and Design applied to Simulation of Process in Biosensors
Mechanisms and Consequences of Cell activation in micro-circulation
Pulsatile Blood Flow in the Lung Studied as an Engineering System
Biomechanics of Injury and Healing
CISL is envisaged to be a National Resource Facility for AMIE students to develop expertise in systems-engineering and design of multidisciplinary systems by simulation
CISL is established at NDRF
Encompasses different engineering disciplines–mechanical, civil, electrical, electronics, computers, Chemical, bio-engineering etc.
Support by ARDB-DRDO, DST, AICTE, ISRO, CSIR etc.
Create a strong expertise in systems-engineering and the design of multi-disciplinary optimization areas
Tomorrow’s Engineers…
Tomorrow’s Engineers must be able to synthesize a broad range of
interdisciplinary domain inputs and related engineering concepts, while
maintaining focus on the overall "systems" perspective
Conclusion
Engineering is becoming a “Border-less” Profession
Collaboration is the Mantra for Progress
Engineers have to become “World-class” Professionals
IEI is striving to promote the cause of Engineering Profession in India
IEI is keeping abreast of all developments taking place at the national and International levels in the areas of advanced technologies, and is attempting to develop applications at an affordable cost for solving societal problems
