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February 15, 2007 2007 Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 1
India: Heritage, Culture, &Customs
Thayumanasamy &
Gnanabhanu SomasundaramTallahassee, FL 32317
India in Transition
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Few Words @ the Beginning
We are thankful for theopportunityGlad that many of youcameWe are neither professionalspeakers nor expertsTalk is based on ourpersonal observationsErrors and mistakes areour ownWe are from SoutheasternIndiaWe speak a language calledTamil
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About the Speakers
ThayumanasamySomasundaram [ Soma ]FSU Assoc ResearchIn the US since 1989Born in Rural IndiaRaised in India till 30Ph.D in Chemistry
GnanabhanuSomasundaram [ Gina ]Leon County LibraryIn the US since 1992Born in Urban IndiaRaised in India till 25Engineer
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Which India: Rural or Urban?
Rural/Urban: 70/30 ( US 30/70 )Father of India
Mohandas KaramchandGandhi ( Gandhiji )
India does not live in her
cities, she lives in her villages M.K. Gandhi,1931.My Grandfather
Sardar A. VedaratnamPillai
Firm believer in educatingwomen. India can attain self-sufficiency only when ruralwomen have education andeconomic status in free India.
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Which India: Poor or Rich?
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India: Historic Time Line
3000BCE
2000BCE
1000BCE
0CE
250CE
500CE
750CE
1000CE
1250CE
1500CE
1750CE
2000CE
- Indus Valley
- Medieval India
- Post-Medieval
- Vedic Time
- Ancient India
- British
- Modern
Wikipedia
-Harappan
Civilization
-BuddhaBorn
-Mahavir (Jainism)
-ClassicalSanskrit
-Alexander the Great
-TamilGrammar
-Kushan
-Gupta
-Md Gazini
-Chalukya
-Chola(South)
-Babur
-SeashoreTemple (South)
-Tanjore Temple(South)
-Taj Mahal-Khajuraho
-EastIndia Co
-BritIndia War -Free-India
-Gandiji
BCE: Before the Common EraCE: Common Era
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February 15, 2007 2007 Thayumanasamy & Gnanabhanu Somasundaram 7
National Symbols of India
TruthAlone
Triumphs
www.india.gov.in
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Geographic Features of India
India ( B harat )South AsiaOne of the OldestCivilizations2 nd Populace Country
~1/3 US size~3 time more people
Himalayas in NorthIndian Ocean (S), Bay of Bengal (E) & Arabic Sea(W)Sri Lanka (S), Myanmar &Bangladesh (E), Nepal,Bhutan, & China (N), &Pakistan & Afghanistan(W)
www.worldatlas.com
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Environment of India
North: HimalayasSouth, East, & West: SeasLatitude: (E-W): 32 -10 NLongitude: (N-S): 70-90 E
Tallahassee (30 N; 84 W)
Summer: March to JuneMonsoon: June to OctoberWinter: October to March
wikipedia.org
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Government
Gained Independence from British on August 15, 1947Became a Democratic Republic on January 26, 1950
Constitution of India adopted395 Articles and 7 Schedules
93 AmendmentsPresident Head of the StateParliamentPrime MinisterCouncil of Ministers
Members of the ParliamentBased on British System
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Government of India (Central)
ParliamentHead of Nation: President
Dr. A.P.J. Kalam
Head of Government:Prime Minister
Dr. Man Mohan Singh
Cabinet of MinistersTwo ChambersLokh Sabha (PeoplesHouse)
MP elected by people
Rajhya Sabha (StatesHouse)
Appointed by States
Supreme Court www.india.gov.in
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Government of India (State)
States are Semi-IndependentHead of State: GovernorHead of Government: Chief MinisterCabinet of MinistersMembers of Legislative Assembly (Elected)Members of LegislativeCouncil (Appointed)Regional Parties (DMK,TD)National Parties (Congress,Janata Dal) www.tn.gov.in
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Economy of India
TraditionalLegacy-SystemAgrarianTextileRaw Materials
SpicesJewelryModern
Knowledge-BasedInformation TechnologyOut-SourcingCustomer Service (Englishhelps!)Manufacturing (Low costqualified people)
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Education in India
State is ResponsibleAge 5-16 Free
Elementary 1-5 gradesMiddle 6-8 gradesHigh 9-12
State & PrivateLocal Language & EnglishCollege
Taught in English (BritishLegacy)Bachelors
MastersProfessionalDoctoralMostly Private
Literacy Rate ( A pe rson who can r ead and w rit e in any languag e)
Male: 75% (2001)Female: 54% (2001)
Sex Ratio933 F / 1000 M (2001)
Population1.03 Billion (2001)5.3 person/household
www.india.gov.in
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Religion in India
India is a Secular CountryNo State Sponsored ReligionMajor Religions
Hindu: 75%Muslim: 12%
Christian: 6%Sikh, Jain, Buddhist, &Jews: 7%
Ironically religion is a unitingfeatureHinduism is nonproselytizingNo preachingMost people are tolerantVery privateBecoming less important E ncarta
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Languages in India
Twenty-two (22)Official Languages:
HindiLanguage of the StateEnglish
Languages DemarcateStatesNorth India
Sanskrit (like Latin)Indo-Iranian-GermanicBranch
Hindi, Bengali, Gujarati,& Marathi
South IndiaDravidian BranchTamil, Malayalam,Telugu, and Kannada
Tamil
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Health Care in India
Insurance is Rare < 8%Life Expectancy: 63 (M) |65 (F) ( 74 & 80 US )Infant Mortality: 60/1000live births ( 6/1000 US )
Public Health ServicesCovers 20% Population150,000 Centers23,000 Primary CareFacilitiesGovernment Doctors &
FacilitiesWaiting LinesNo Fees!Pervasive CorruptionLack of Amenities
PrivatePrivate Doctors &FacilitiesPay for ServiceReasonable Service
Middle Class & RichGet Good ServiceQualified PhysiciansAttracting Foreigners
Average FolksGo only when sick
Avoid costly proceduresIndebtedness in ruralareas
www.india.gov.in E ncarta
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Family & Women
Family is the Main UnitJoint FamiliesFamily Comes FirstIndividuals LessImportant
Patriarchal SystemDivorce Less Common
Social FactorsEconomic FactorsChildren
Status of WomenImproving
More are EducatedMore have JobsMore Acceptance of
Working WomenEconomic NecessityMore Progress Expected
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Travel in India
Mumbai (Bombay), NewDelhi, Chennai (Madras),Kolkata (Calcutta), &BangaloreAir travel on the rise
Many travel by trainsLocal travel by busHotels are okayFood is mostly vegetarianFood and water use cautionPeople in general arefriendlyLittle violent crimeBut cautious of pettythieves
I ndian Railways
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Tourism in India
North IndiaSouth IndiaCoastal India
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Monuments: All Religions
Agra Fort, 16 th Cent.Kangaikonda CholapuramHindu Temple, 11 th Cent
Sanchi, Buddhist, 3 BCE
Church Our Lady of Health, 18 th Cent.
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Monuments: Temples & Sculptures
M odern ZoroastrianTemple
Lord Bahubali,
11 th Cent, Jainism
Church Our Lady of Health, 18 th Cent.
Halebid,
12 th C.,
Sculptures
Hawa M ahal, 18 th C.,Palace
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Customs and Traditions
Food:North India
WheatTea
South India
RiceCoffee
DressNorth India
KurthaPajama
South IndiaVaeshtiSari
TraditionsNorth India
Influenced by manyculturesLess traditionalWide range in rural andurban
South IndiaVery little outsideinfluenceMore traditionalMore uniform
CasteBased on Family TraditionMaintained in FamilylevelNot in work place
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Customs and Traditions: Dress
Cotton, Silk, & PolyesterTraditional & CasualColorful & OrnamentalSouth India
Doti, SariSilk Shirts & Sari22 Ct Gold JewelryShirts & Pants
North IndiaKurtha, PajamasSariSalwar KameezSilk, Cotton, & WoolGold & Silver Jewelry
Ch ennai Silks
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Customs and Traditions: Jewelry
T ota Ram
Rasi Silks
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Customs and Traditions: Food
Use of Spices, Lentil, &HerbsPracticing VegetariansSouth India
Idli, Dosai, VadaiSambar, Chutney, VegetablesRice, Pickle, & YogurtCoffee (Milk + Sugar)
North India
Roti, ChapatiLentils, CheeseSweets, YogurtTea (Milk + Sugar)
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Entertainment: Movies
Largest producer of moviesAbout 1000 movies/yearBombay (Bollywood)ChennaiKolkataHindi, Bengali, Tamil,Telugu, and othersSongs and dances areimportantStory line range from banalto serious
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Entertainment: Television & Radio
Slowly Replacing MoviesDoordarshan (State owned)
National and Regional
Other Television StationsPrivateCorporations
Hindi, Tamil, Englishlanguage programsNews, Sports, Drama, MiniSeriesRegional (Sun TV)Radio is loosing popularity
Urban Stations Popular
All India Radio
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Entertainment: Dance
Traditional (Natraj: Shiva)Bharata NatyamKuchi PudiKatha Kali
Popular DanceMovie DanceWestern Rock & Roll
Spectators
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Entertainment: Music
Traditional MusicHindustani (N India)
VocalInstrumental
Carnatic (S India)
VocalInstrumental
Popular MusicMovies
Very PopularProfessionals
Western Pop MusicUrban AreasClubs
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Conclusions
India is in TransitionMiddle Class is Gaining Economic StatusThere is a Widening Gap Between Rich and PoorSmall Percentage is Very RichSocial System may not be ReadyThere is no Economic Safety NetYoung Entrepreneurs should Embrace Rural Folks
Grameen Bank of BangladeshMicro LendingTechnological Empowerment
Government Should Enforce Fair Distribution of Wealth
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Thanks
Thank You All for AttendingQuestions?Comments?