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Indian Fishereis Scenario

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UPDATED SCENARIO OF INDIAN FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT FFB-123 Inland Fisheries College of Fishery Sciences G.B. Pant University of Agric. & Tech., Pantnagar 
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UPDATED SCENARIO OF INDIAN

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

FFB-123

Inland Fisheries

College of Fishery Sciences

G.B. Pant University of Agric. & Tech., Pantnagar 

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STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTORSTRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR

I) MARINE RESOURCES :

� Indian Coastline : 8129 Kms.

� Continental shelf area : 0.506 m. sq.km.

� Exclusive Economic Zone : 2.02 m.sq.kms.

� Brackish water area : 1.24 million ha.

II) INLAND RESOURCES :

� Area under tanks and ponds : 2.214 million ha.

� Area available for fresh water fish culture : 5.4 million ha.

� Area of reservoirs : 2.90 million ha.

� Beels, Oxbow and lakes : 0.82 million ha.

� Lengths of rivers and canals : 1,72,287 kms.

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I)I) STATUS IN TERMS OF FISH PRODUCTION:STATUS IN TERMS OF FISH PRODUCTION:

�� Production at the end of I five year planProduction at the end of I five year plan :: 0.839 mmt.0.839 mmt.�� Production at the end of IX five year planProduction at the end of IX five year plan :: 5.657 mmt.5.657 mmt.

STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTORSTRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR

YEARWISE FISH PRODUCTION FROM INDIA (MMT)

Year

Marine fish

production(mmt)

Percentage

share (%)

Inland

FishProduction

(mmt)

Percentage

(%)Total Fish

Production( mmt)

2004-05 2.92 45.13 3.47 54. 60 6.39

2005-06 2.91 45.04 3.49 54. 96 6.40

2006-07 2.90 44.93 3.50 55. 07 6.41

2007-08 2.89 44.78 3.51 55. 22 6.42

2008-09 2.88 44.65 3.50 55. 35 6.43

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CAPTURE FISHERIES 

� Monitoring of exploited marine fish stocks

� Stock assessment of commercially important marinespecies

� Marine biodiversity, database, conservation &management

� Fisheries enhancement in inland open waters

� Catchment ecology in relation to fisheries

� Ecology and Fishery potential of canals

� Riverine hydrodynamics and fish behaviour� Hill fishery resources assessment and management

� Development of sport fishery in hill areas

� GIS based inventory of aquatic resources

� Development of predictive models

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CULTURE FISHERIES 

Breeding and culture of aquatic organisms

Fish health management

Fish nutrition and feed development

Aquafarm engineering

Integrated fish farming

Environment Impact Assessment

Cage/pen culture in large water bodies &

floodplain wetlands

Development of pearl culture technologies

Ornamental fish culture

Coastal zone management

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Fish Diversity in India

TOTAL NO. OF FISH SPECIES : 2118

� Marine water 1360 species (64.21%)

� Inland water 758 species (35.79%)

� Warm water plain 433 species (20.44%)

� Brackish water 171 species (8.07%)

� Cold water 154 species (7.27%)

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I)I) EXPORT OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FROM INDIA:EXPORT OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FROM INDIA:

�� First position holder among agro based commodity export fromFirst position holder among agro based commodity export fromIndia in terms of revenue generationIndia in terms of revenue generation

�� Total Export of Fish / Fish Products (2002Total Export of Fish / Fish Products (2002--03)03)QuantityQuantity :: 4,67,000 tons4,67,000 tonsRevenue earnedRevenue earned :: 6,881 crore Rs.6,881 crore Rs.

�� STATUS OF FISH PROCESSING IN INDIASTATUS OF FISH PROCESSING IN INDIA

�� Consumed in fresh formConsumed in fresh form :: 65 %65 %�� Cured formCured form :: 14 %14 %

�� Frozen formFrozen form :: 6.6 %6.6 %

�� Reduced in Manure/byproduct :Reduced in Manure/byproduct : 8.0 %8.0 %

�� Special processingSpecial processing :: 2.0 %2.0 %

�� EXPORT ORIENTED PROCESSINGEXPORT ORIENTED PROCESSING�� Frozen fish / shell fishFrozen fish / shell fish : > 90 %: > 90 %

�� Frozen shrimpFrozen shrimp :: 70 %70 %

�� Frozen fishFrozen fish :: 11 %11 %

�� Frozen SquidFrozen Squid :: 6 %6 %

�� Frozen Cuttle fishFrozen Cuttle fish :: 6 %6 %

STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR STRENGTHS OF INDIAN FISHERIES SECTOR 

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6%

58%

1%

35%

0-50 50-100 200-500 oceanic

Potential available for exploitation in the

Indian EEZ

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Major cultivated groups in IndiaFreshwater Carps, cat ishes, murrels,

trouts, prawns, cray ishes,

mussels, rogs, plants.

Brackishwater Milk ish, mullets, shrimps

Marine water Lobsters, crabs, oysters,

clams, seaweeds

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Potential of Fishery Resources in the Indian EEZ

Depth range (m) 0 - 50 50 - 200 200 - 500 Oceanic Total 

Demersal  1.28 0.625 0.028 -- 1.933

N eretic Pelagic  1.00 0.742 -- -- 1.742

Oceanic Pelagic  -- -- -- 0.246 0.246

Total  2.28 1.367 0.028 0.246 3.921

% of Potential  58.1 34.9 0.7 6.3 100.0

Available for 

Exploitation0.20 0.737 0.028 0.246 1.211

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Indian fisheriesGlobal position 3rd in Fisheries

2nd in Aquaculture

Contribution o isheries to GD (%) 1.07

(Rs. 34,758 crore)

Contribution to agricultural GD (%) 5.84

Per capita ish availability (kg) 9.0

Annual export earnings

(Rs. in crore)

7,200

mployment in sector (million) 14.0

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Aquatic ResourcesCoastline 8118 kms

xclusive economic zone 2.02 million sq. km

Rivers and canals 1,97,024 km

Reservoirs 3.15 million ha

Ponds and tanks 2.35 million ha

Oxbow lakes and derelict waters 1.3 million ha

Brackish water 1.24 million ha

stuaries 0.29 million ha

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Resources� The coldwater ishery resources comprise high and mid altitude lakes,

rivers, streams, their tributaries and reservoirs dammed across suchrivers.

� Water resources Length/area

� Himalayan and deccan Plateau river systems 8,310 km

� Brackishwater lakes (above 3,000 msl) 2,340 ha

� Freshwater natural lakes (1,500-2,000 msl) 18,150 ha

� Kashmir high mountain lakes (above 3,000 msl) 400 ha

� Valley wetland ecosystems 3,000 ha

� Shivalik Himalayan lakes 74 ha� Central Himalayas ( reshwater lakes in Kumaon region) 355 ha

� Himalayan man-made lakes and reservoirs 43,770 ha

� Peninsular region Natural lakes85 ha

� Peninsular region Man made lakes and reservoirs4, 400 ha

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Global production o culture in ish

and shell ish by environmentEnvironment Million Tons Value (Billion $)

Freshwater 11.74 (63%) 15.97 (48%)

Brackish water 1.51 (8.0%) 7.56 (22%)

Marine water 5.30 (29%) 10.00 (30%)

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Fishermen Commercial and Subsistence

Full Time

40%

Part Time

24%

Occasional

36%

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TOTAL FISH PRODUCTION IN INDIA

YEAR MARINE INLAND TOTAL

1950-51 5.34 2.18 7.52

1960-61 8.80 2.80 11.60

1970-71 10.86 6.70 17.56

1980-81 15.55 8.87 24.42

1990-91 23.00 15.36 38.36

1991-92 23.47 17.10 41.57

1992-93 25.76 17.89 43.651993-94 26.49 19.95 46.44

1994-95 26.92 20.97 47.89

1995-96 27.07 22.42 49.49

1996-97 29.67 23.81 53.48

1997-98 29.41 24.39 53.80

1998-99 26.96 25.66 52.62

1999-00 28.34 28.23 56.57

2000-01 28.11 28.45 56.56

2001-02 28.31 33.01 61.34

2002-03 29.90 32.10 62.00

2003-04 29.24 34.49 63.73

(in lakh tonnes)

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S EC

TORWI  S 

E F I  S H P RODUCT

I  ON I  

0 5   1   0   

1   5   

2   0   

2   5   

3   0   

3   5   

4   0   

1950-51

1960-61

1970-71

1980-81

1990-91

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

Y  

e a r  s 

Production (in Lakh Tonnes)

M A  R I    N E  

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RANK WISE % CONTRIBUTION (2008-09)

MARINE INLAND TOTAL

GUJARAT  20.8WEST  

BENGAL28.6

WEST  

BENGAL18.4

KERALA 20.8 ANDHRA P RADESH 

18.8 ANDHRA P RADESH 

14.3

MAHRASHTRA 13.7 BI HAR 7.7 KERALA 10.7

TAM I LNADU  12.8UTTAR 

P RADESH 7.4 GUJARAT  10.3

ANDHRA 

P RADESH 9.0 ORI SSA 5.5 MAHRASHTRA 8.3

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M arine Fisheries Profile for 2009

Resources-wise Region-wise Vessel-wise

Pelagic 53N orth-W est 

34 M echanised  68

Demersal  26 S outh-W est 

33 M otorised  25

Crustacean 17 S outh-E ast  23 Artisanal  7 

M olluscs 4N orth-E ast 

9

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M ajor M arine Resources during 2008

Resources % Contribution

Oil S ardines 13Ribbon Fish 7  Bombay Duck 5

M ackerel 4Croakers 5Carangids 5

Perches 8E lasmobranchs 2T una/ S eer/Pomfret 2S 

hrimp (P/ N 

P) 13

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MARI NE  RESOURC ES P OTENT I AL I N I NDI AN  EEZ S l.N o. Item Potential  Resources E stimated Yield 

1. Sharks, Ray and Skates 168 722. els 7 113. Anchovies 53 92

4. Lessser Sardines 306 1545. Oil Sardines 191 496. Bombay duck 104 1857. Lizard ish 48 168. Perches 239 1339. Cat ish 123 71

10. Sciaenids 142 27

11. Pom rets 54 6412. Ribbon ish 311 16713. Carangids 447 10514. Silver bellies 86 7715. Mackerel 224 19016. Seer ish 42 3717. Coastal tunas 279 3818. Flat ish 38 30

19. Oceanic Tunas and tune like ishes 209 Neg.20. Bill ishes 4 Neg.21. Deep sea ish 71 Neg.22. Deep sea prawn and lobster 8 Neg.23. Penaeid prawns 178 17224. Non-penaeid Prawns 54 6725. Cephalopods (Cuttle ish/Squid/etc.) 71 67

26. Others 443 104527. Total : 3900 2869

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BRAC K I SHWATERAQUAC ULTURE 

Only about 10% of the available

brackishwater resources are under

utilization presently.

Weaknesses in terms of unregulated

development of coastal aquaculture andsingle species approach with shrimp for

the short time higher profitability would

need to be addressed.

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BRAC K I SHWATERAQUAC ULTURE 

Emerging technologies for several high

value fish breeding and their aquaculture

such as sea-bass, groupers, pearl spot,

milk fish, mullets and several

commercially important shell-fish such as

oysters, clams, cockles, lobsters, crabs and

shrimp species would need to be put into

practice.

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BRAC K I SHWATERAQUAC ULTURE 

Presently the 75 shrimp hatcherieshave a capacity to produce about3.90 billion shrimp seed in thecountry. During early 21st

Century, India would need about500 hatcheries to produce about30 billion shrimp seed.

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BRAC K I SHWATERAQUAC ULTURE 

Fin-fish seed requirement for

brackishwater aquaculture

would be about 2 billion.

Besides seed of Crabs, lobster

mollusk and other non-conventional aquatic fish/ shell

species would be required.

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Chilka lake� Coordinates19°43N

� Lake type part reshwater part saltwater 

� Primary sources Mahanadi River � Primary outflows Bay o Bengal

� Basin countries India

� Max length 29 km

� Surface area 906-1165 km²

� Max depth 132 m

� Surface elevation 0-2 m above MSL

� Settlements Satpara, Puri, Orissa, India

� Largest coastal lake in India.

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2. Pulicate Lake

� Pulicate lake at a Glance

Area - 468 Sq.Kms.

Status - 2nd biggest brackish water lake

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STRATEGIES FOR INCREASING FISH PRODUCTION

�B

ringing more and more water area underaquaculture practices

� Increasing productivity of existing water bodies

� Diversification & Intensification of culturepractices

� Intensification of mariculture/searanching

activities

� Increasing coverage of area of fishing operations

� Technologies to be developed for utilization of 

unconventional fish species & by-catch discard

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THREATS TO THE FISHERIES SECTOR � Anthropogenic interventions resulting in loss of bio-diversity,

decline in fish catch, depletion of natural resources

� Man made alterations ± construction of dams & barrages

� Increased water abstraction & deforestation

� Overexploitation of coastal fisheries

� Pollution of water bodies with industrial & domestic effluent

� Possible environmental degradation due to intensification of culture practices

� Clandestine introduction & spread of exotic fish species

� Unscientific management of fisheries & aquaculture activities

� Unplanned & unregulated development of fish /shrimp farms

� Contamination of indigenous fish germplasm resources

� Environmental, economic and social issues

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WISH FOR THE GROWTH WISH FOR THE GROWTH 

OF THE OF THE 

FISHERIES SECTOR FISHERIES SECTOR 

D D 


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