INDIAN INDEPENDENCEIndia Lesson 3

OBJECTIVES Explain the origin & impact of

British rule in India. Describe the path to

independence.

WARM UP

What role does reincarnation play in the Hindu religion and Indian way of life?

Soul is reborn (several times) in effort to be released (moksha) to join universal soul (Brahman). Karma determines lot (caste) of soul in next life, so be good in this one!

HISTORY BRITISH RULE 1000-1500s Islam

introduced Mughal Dynasty balances

tension

1600 British East India Company est. trade Encourage rivalries Outlaw Hindu practices High taxes on farmers Treaties expand power

1857 Sepoy Rebellion Becomes direct rule colony

IMPACT BRITISH RULE

Drawbacks Industry declines, cash crops = less

food, dependence on GB

Positives Language, railroad & telegraph

system, health care & sanitation, education, form of government

INDIAN NATIONALISM 1885: Indian National

Congress Shared governance

1906: Muslim League Muhammad Ali Jinnah

1919: Amritsar Massacre Public gathering Sikh

temple

20s & 30s tension b/t religions grows

GANDHI Takes Over INC

Home Rule (1920s)

“Satyagraha” – Civil Disobedience

Boycotts Great Salt March (1930)

1939 “Quit India” Mvmt

No help WW2 w/o independence

THE PARTITION 8-15-1947

Indian Independence Act Hindu India (Jawaharlal

Nehru) Muslim Pakistan - E & W

(Mohammed Ali Jinnah)

Explosion of violence & mass migration

1948 Gandhi assassinated

3 Wars Since Bangladesh 1971 Nuclear Powers “98

INDIA’S GOVERNMENT 1949 Constitution

Parliament (Prime Minister) & President

Jawaharlal Nehru INC 1947-1964 Modernization

(Industry & Agriculture)

Indira Gandhi INC 1966-77, 80- 84 Assassinated 1984

Rajiv Gandhi INC 1984 – 1991

BJP-led coalition govt 1990s. Atal Vajpayee 98-04

Manmohan Singh INC 2004 - Present

CLOSURE Why didn’t the partition of India

bring a lasting peace?